ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱯᱨᱮᱥᱤᱰᱮᱱᱥᱤ

ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱯᱨᱮᱥᱤᱰᱮᱱᱥᱤ, ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱛᱟᱲ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ  ᱯᱷᱳᱴ ᱣᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱢ-ᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱮᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱟᱞ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ(Bengal Province) ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱩᱢ ᱟ.ᱨᱩ ᱞᱮᱫ-ᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱽᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱥᱟᱢᱨᱟᱡᱽᱭᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱴᱟᱴᱷᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱯᱨᱮᱥᱤᱰᱮᱱᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱱᱴᱨᱳᱞ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱟ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱛ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱚᱞᱤ ᱯᱟ.ᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟ.ᱜᱤᱱ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱢᱩᱞᱩᱠ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱫ-ᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱚᱞᱠᱟᱛᱟ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱷᱳᱴ ᱣᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱯᱨᱮᱥᱤᱰᱮᱱᱥᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱦᱟ.ᱵᱤᱡ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱟᱞ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱭᱚᱯᱟᱲ ᱜᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱵᱷᱟᱭᱤᱥᱨᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱒᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ-ᱟᱜ ᱥᱟ.ᱭᱟ.ᱛ ᱦᱟ.ᱵᱤᱡ ᱠᱚᱞᱠᱟᱛᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾  

᱑᱖᱑᱒ ᱥᱟ.ᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱜᱚᱞ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱝᱜᱤᱨ-ᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱯᱨᱮᱥᱤᱰᱮᱱᱥᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱭᱚᱯᱟᱲ ᱞᱟ.ᱜᱤᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱟ.ᱱ ᱤᱥᱴ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱩᱢᱯᱟ.ᱱᱤ(Honourable East India Company (HEIC)) ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱟᱞ ᱟᱢᱮᱴ ᱞᱟ.ᱜᱤᱱ ᱨᱳᱭᱟᱞ ᱪᱟᱨᱴᱮᱨ(Royal Charter/राजकीय़ अध्यादेश) ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱚᱱᱳᱯᱟᱞᱤ(monopoly) ᱠᱟᱛᱮ‌ ᱭᱩᱨᱩᱯ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱷᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱩᱢᱯᱟ.ᱱᱤ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱞᱟᱜᱟ ᱜᱤᱰᱤ ᱠᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱗᱕᱗ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟ.ᱜᱤᱱ ᱨᱟᱡ ᱵᱟᱝᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱗᱖᱕ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱠᱥᱟᱨ ᱡᱩᱫᱷᱭᱚ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟ. ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱽᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱤᱥᱴ‌ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱩᱢᱯᱟ.ᱱᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱱᱴᱨᱳᱞ ᱠᱚ‌ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱞᱮᱫ-ᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱩᱢᱯᱟ.ᱱᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱩᱢᱯᱟ.ᱱᱤ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟ.ᱥᱛᱤ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱷᱟ.ᱫᱽ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱟ.ᱜᱩ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱚᱵᱮ ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱵᱽᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱨᱞᱭᱟᱢᱮᱸᱴ ᱵᱟ.ᱭ ᱵᱟ.ᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱣ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫ-ᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱘᱕᱐ ᱥᱟ.ᱦᱤᱛ ᱦᱟ.ᱵᱤᱡ ᱤᱥᱴ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱩᱢᱯᱟ.ᱱᱤ ᱠᱟ.ᱣᱰᱤ ᱞᱟ.ᱜᱤᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱩᱨᱩᱢᱩᱴᱩᱭᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾  William Dalrymple (10 September 2019). The Anarchy: The Relentless Rise of the East India Company. Bloomsbury Publishing. . ᱑᱘᱕᱗ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱪᱤᱨᱜᱟ.ᱞ ᱞᱟ.ᱲᱦᱟ.ᱭ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱵᱽᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫ-ᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱟᱞ ᱯᱨᱮᱥᱤᱰᱮᱱᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱚᱦᱲᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱟ ᱜᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱫ-ᱟ ᱾ 

ᱵᱽᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱚᱢᱚᱲ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱟᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱞ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ, ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ, ᱞᱟ.ᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱮᱴᱨᱳ ᱠᱩᱢᱯᱟ.ᱱᱤ ᱚᱢᱚᱲ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱽᱨᱤᱴᱮᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱲᱯᱚ ᱵᱤᱯᱲᱚᱵᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱠᱷᱚᱞ‌ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫ-ᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱤᱯᱩ ᱥᱩᱞᱛᱟᱱ-ᱟᱜ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟ.ᱣᱰᱤ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾

 ᱥᱟ.ᱠᱷᱭᱟ.ᱛ  

ᱵᱟ.ᱲᱛᱤ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ
 Coins of the Bengal Presidency


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