ᱵᱩᱫᱫᱷᱚ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ

ᱵᱩᱫᱫᱷᱚ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ( /ˈbʊdɪzəm/ or /ˈbuːdɪzəm/)Wells 2008.Roach 2011. ᱫᱚ ᱜᱳᱣᱛᱚᱢ ᱵᱩᱫᱫᱷᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱯᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱣ ᱥᱮ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱡᱤᱥᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱱᱩᱢᱟᱹᱱᱤᱠ ᱛᱩᱨᱩᱭ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱨᱮ ᱵᱩᱫᱫᱷᱚᱭ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱤᱱᱟᱹ ᱯᱚᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱡᱜᱮ ᱵᱩᱫᱫᱷᱚ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱢᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱮᱥ(Continent) ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣᱱᱟ᱾ ᱵᱤᱫᱫᱷᱚ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱦᱤᱱᱚᱡᱟᱱ, ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱡᱟᱱ ᱧᱤᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱠᱳ ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱟᱸᱭᱟ᱾ ᱥᱨᱤᱞᱚᱝᱠᱟ, ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ, ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱟᱱ, ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ, ᱞᱟᱳᱥ, ᱠᱚᱢᱵᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ, ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱱᱢᱟᱨ, ᱪᱤᱱ, ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱ, ᱢᱚᱝᱜᱳᱞᱤᱭᱟ, ᱛᱷᱟᱭᱞᱮᱱᱰ, ᱵᱷᱤᱭᱮᱛᱱᱟᱢ, ᱠᱳᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱫᱤᱥᱟᱹᱢᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱩᱫᱫᱷᱚ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱢᱚ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱵᱩᱫᱫᱷᱚ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱦᱚᱲᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱳᱭᱟ᱾

ᱜᱳᱣᱛᱚᱢ ᱵᱩᱫᱫᱷᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ 
ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱯᱩᱨᱩᱵᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱳᱯᱤᱞᱟᱵᱳᱥᱛᱩ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱥᱩᱫᱫᱷᱳᱫᱷᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱠᱚᱲᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱸᱦᱮᱸᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱥᱤᱫᱫᱷᱟᱨᱛᱷᱚ (ᱜᱳᱣᱛᱚᱢ ᱵᱩᱫᱫᱷᱚ)᱾ ᱡᱤᱥᱩᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱨᱮ ᱕᱖᱓ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱭᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷ ᱠᱩᱱᱟᱹᱢᱤᱨᱮ ᱞᱩᱢᱵᱤᱱᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱚᱱᱨᱮ (ᱱᱮᱛᱚᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ) ᱩᱱᱤᱫᱚᱭ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱟᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱗ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢᱜᱮ ᱟᱡ ᱜᱚᱜᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱢᱟᱭᱟ ᱫᱚᱭ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱤᱱᱟᱹ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱳᱯᱤᱞ ᱧᱤᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱮᱱ ᱥᱟᱹᱫᱷᱩ ᱥᱤᱫᱫᱷᱟᱨᱛᱷᱚ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮᱡ ᱮ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱥᱤᱫᱫᱷᱟᱨᱛᱷᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤᱨᱮᱱ ᱨᱟᱡᱟᱭ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ-ᱟ ᱵᱟᱝᱠᱷᱟᱡ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱴᱩ ᱥᱮ ᱧᱤᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱥᱤᱫᱫᱷᱟᱨᱛᱷᱚ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱟᱡ ᱜᱚᱜᱚᱭ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱹᱠᱤ ᱜᱚᱜᱚ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱯᱨᱳᱡᱟᱯᱳᱛᱤ ᱜᱳᱣᱛᱳᱢᱤ ᱩᱱᱤᱫᱚᱭ ᱫᱮᱠᱷᱥᱩᱱ ᱞᱤᱫᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱤᱫᱫᱷᱟᱨᱛᱷᱚᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱮᱱ ᱧᱤᱛᱩᱢ ᱜᱳᱣᱛᱚᱢ᱾ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱠᱷᱚᱱᱜᱮ ᱜOᱣᱛᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮᱜᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱱᱮ ᱛᱟᱸᱦᱮᱸᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱜᱷᱟᱸᱨᱚᱡ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱢᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱸᱦᱮᱸᱠᱟᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱚᱠᱛᱚᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱟᱭᱟᱜ ᱑᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱵᱚᱭᱚᱥ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱜᱳᱯᱟ ᱫᱮᱵᱤ ᱧᱤᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱮᱱ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮᱠᱳ ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱞᱤᱫᱤᱭᱟ᱾ ᱨᱟᱦᱩᱞ ᱧᱤᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱩᱱᱠᱤᱱᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱮᱱ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱜᱤᱫᱨᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱭ ᱛᱟᱸᱦᱮᱸᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾

ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱛ ᱜᱳᱣᱛᱚᱢ ᱵᱩᱫᱫᱷᱚᱣᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱟᱭᱢᱟᱫᱤᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱪᱷᱟᱴᱯᱟᱴᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱸᱦᱮᱸᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱢᱤᱫᱫᱤᱱ ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮᱨᱮ ᱩᱰᱩᱜᱽ ᱠᱟᱛᱮᱜ ᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱠᱳᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱫᱩᱠᱷᱛᱮ ᱯᱮᱨᱮᱡᱽ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱭ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱦᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱜᱷᱟᱸᱨᱚᱡᱽ ᱢᱟᱭᱟ, ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱛᱛᱚ, ᱫᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱩᱞᱟᱹᱛ ᱪᱮᱫᱜᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤᱫᱤᱱ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱸᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱭᱟᱜ ᱒᱙ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱵᱚᱭᱚᱥᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤᱫᱚ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱫᱩᱣᱭᱟᱹᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱩᱫᱷᱚᱜᱚᱭᱟ ᱧᱤᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱜᱟᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱲᱮ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱵᱩᱴᱟᱹᱨᱮ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱩᱫᱤᱥᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱯᱟᱹᱦᱤᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱪᱮᱞᱟ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱤᱱᱟᱹ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱔᱕ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱫᱟᱬᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱡᱤᱥᱩᱣᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱔᱘᱓ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱩᱥᱤᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱧᱤᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱜᱟᱨᱮ ᱘᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱵᱚᱭᱚᱥᱨᱮᱭ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱭᱮᱱᱟ᱾  

ᱵᱩᱫᱫᱷᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱥᱤ 
ᱵᱩᱫᱫᱷᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱥᱟᱛᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱫᱩᱠᱷ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱩᱠᱷ ᱠᱷᱚᱡ ᱵᱟᱸᱪᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱯᱟᱹᱭ᱾ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱢᱚᱱᱮᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱸᱦᱟᱸᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱱᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱫᱩᱠᱷ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ᱾ ᱵᱩᱫᱫᱷᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱚᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱪᱷᱤᱸᱰᱟᱹᱣᱜᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱠᱛᱤ᱾ 

 ᱵᱩᱫᱫᱷᱚ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ethics 

 ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱟᱢ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ 
ᱛᱨᱤᱯᱤᱴᱚᱠ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱵᱩᱫᱫᱷᱚ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ ᱡᱟᱸᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱛᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ 

 ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ 
 Worldwide Buddhist Information and Education Network, BuddhaNet
 Early Buddhist texts, translations, and parallels, SuttaCetral
 East Asian Buddhist Studies: A Reference Guide, Robert Buswell and William Bodiford, UCLA
 Buddhist Bibliography (China and Tibet), East West Center
 Ten Philosophical Questions: Buddhism, Richard Hayes, Leiden University
 Readings in Theravada Buddhism, Access to Insight
 Readings in Zen Buddhism, Hakuin Ekaku (Ed: Monika Bincsik)
 Readings in Sanskrit Buddhist Canon, Nagarjuna Institute – UWest
 Readings in Buddhism , Vipassana Research Institute (English, Southeast Asian and Indian Languages)
 Religion and Spirituality: Buddhism at Open Directory Project
 The Future of Buddhism series, from Patheos
 Buddhist Art , Smithsonian
 Buddhism — objects, art and history, V&A Museum

 ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱦᱚᱨ 

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