ᱠᱳᱥᱤ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ

ᱮᱭᱟᱭ(ᱥᱟᱛ) ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱢᱤᱞᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱚᱯᱛᱚᱠᱳᱥᱤ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜ-ᱠᱟᱱᱟ | ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱦᱤᱢᱟᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱯᱚᱨᱵᱚᱛ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱣᱟᱝ ᱢᱤᱥᱟᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱚᱯᱛᱚᱠᱳᱥᱤ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱩᱱᱥᱚᱨᱤ ᱡᱤᱞᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱞᱚ-ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ | ᱱᱩᱱᱠᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱳᱣᱠᱚᱦᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱩᱢᱟᱱᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱜᱟᱵᱤᱥᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱯᱟᱨᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱥᱮᱡ ᱵᱚᱞᱚ-ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱭᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱜᱚᱝᱜᱟ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱥᱟᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ |
।Sharma, U. P. (1996). Ecology of the Koshi river in Nepal-India (north Bihar): a typical river ecosystem. In: Jha, P. K., Ghimire, G. P. S., Karmacharya, S. B., Baral, S. R., Lacoul, P. (eds.) Environment and biodiversity in the context of South Asia. Proceedings of the Regional Conference on Environment and Biodiversity, March 7–9, 1994, Kathmandu. Ecological Society, Kathmandu. Pp 92–99. ᱵᱟᱹᱨᱥᱟᱹ ᱫᱟᱠ ᱥᱚᱢᱚᱭ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱰᱩᱵᱟᱹ ᱫᱟᱠ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱳᱨ ᱜᱤ ᱦᱚᱡᱩᱜ-ᱟ, ᱩᱱᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱫᱩᱠᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱᱟ,

ᱠᱳᱥᱤ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ  ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛ(ᱪᱤᱱ),ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ,ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱢᱤᱞᱳᱣ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱱᱩᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱨᱮᱭᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ।Nayak, J. (1996). Sediment management of the Kosi River basin in Nepal. In: Walling, D. E. and B. W. Webb (eds.) Erosion and Sediment Yield: Global and Regional Perspectives. Proceedings of the Exeter Symposium July 1996. IAHS Publishing no. 236. Pp. 583–586.
ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱯᱨᱚᱵᱷᱟᱵ

ᱟᱯᱷᱱᱟᱨ ᱚᱛ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱩᱣᱟ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱒᱕᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱒᱐ ᱠᱤᱞᱳᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱮᱨᱮᱭᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱞᱮᱱᱟ | ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱡᱟᱜᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱟᱱᱟᱦᱩᱱᱟᱹᱨ ᱜᱤᱛᱤᱞ,ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱰᱷᱤᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱟᱹᱜᱩᱭᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ | ᱱᱩᱣᱟ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱱᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱛ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱨᱚᱵᱷᱟᱵ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱪᱩᱣᱟ-ᱟ, ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱡᱩᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱩᱣᱟ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱸᱫ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱛᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ, ᱠᱳᱥᱤ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱚᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚᱨᱮᱸᱰ(electricity)ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱩᱰᱩᱠ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱠ ᱜᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱪᱷᱟᱞᱩ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ  ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱸᱫ ᱛᱚᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱵᱟᱛᱟᱵᱚᱬᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱟᱱᱩᱥᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱸᱫ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱚᱴᱠᱮᱴᱚᱬᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ, ᱱᱩᱣᱟ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱚᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱛᱚᱞ ᱰᱷᱤᱨᱤ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱵᱟᱹᱰᱤᱡ ᱩᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱮᱫᱟ,ᱱᱩᱣᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱮᱴᱠᱮᱴᱚᱬᱮ ᱱᱮᱞᱚ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ |
 ᱡᱩᱰᱟᱣ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱠᱚ
 ᱚᱨᱩᱬ
 ᱞᱤᱠᱦᱩ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ
 ᱫᱩᱫᱷᱚᱠᱳᱥᱤ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ
 ᱛᱟᱢᱟᱠᱳᱥᱤ
 ᱥᱩᱱᱠᱳᱥᱤ
 ᱛᱚᱢᱳᱨ
 ᱤᱫᱽᱨᱚᱵᱚᱛᱤ
 ᱯᱩᱞ 
 ᱵᱟᱸᱫ ᱠᱚ 
 ᱠᱳᱥᱤ ᱵᱟᱸᱫ
 ᱥᱚᱯᱛᱚᱠᱳᱥᱤ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱵᱟᱸᱫ

 ᱠᱚᱨᱮᱸᱰ (Electricity)
 ᱚᱨᱩᱬ ᱥᱮᱥᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱨᱮᱸᱰ ᱟᱭᱚᱡᱚᱱᱟ
'ᱚᱨᱩᱬ ᱥᱮᱥᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱨᱮᱸᱰ ᱟᱭᱚᱡᱚᱱᱟᱚᱨᱩᱬ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱠᱤᱠᱟᱥ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚᱨᱮᱸᱫ(Electricity) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱭᱚᱡᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ । ᱱᱩᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱸᱠᱦᱩᱣᱟᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱡᱤᱞᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱚᱠᱟᱞᱩ ᱜᱟᱣᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ | ᱱᱩᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱢᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱲᱤ ᱙᱐᱐ ᱢᱮᱜᱟᱣᱟᱛ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱᱟ |
ᱚᱭᱚᱡᱚᱱᱟ ᱞᱤᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱩᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱢᱟ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱑ ᱠᱷᱚᱨᱵᱚ ᱔ ᱚᱨᱵᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱥᱟᱸᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱕ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱᱟ | 
ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱷᱟᱱᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱫᱟᱰᱟᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞᱤ ᱢᱟᱹᱦᱤᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱒᱐᱗᱕ ᱵᱟᱹᱭᱥᱟᱹᱠ ᱒᱘ ᱦᱤᱞᱳ ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱷᱟᱱᱢᱚᱛᱨᱤ  ᱠᱮᱯᱤ ᱳᱞᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱷᱟᱱᱢᱚᱛᱨᱤ ᱱᱚᱨᱮᱱᱫᱽᱨᱚ ᱢᱚᱫᱤ ᱠᱟᱴᱷᱢᱟᱸᱰᱩ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱡᱟᱹ ᱦᱩᱭᱞᱮᱱᱟ | 
ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ