ᱜᱽᱭᱟᱱᱤ ᱡᱮᱭᱞ ᱥᱤᱝ

ᱜᱽᱭᱟᱱᱤ ᱡᱮᱭᱞ ᱥᱤᱝ (᱕ ᱢᱮ ᱑᱙᱑᱖ - ᱒᱕ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱑᱙᱙᱔ Obituary: Zail Singh". The Independent. 29 December 1994. Retrieved 2018-22-06.) ᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱠᱛᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱕ ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ ᱑᱙᱘᱒ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱕ ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ ᱑᱙᱘᱗ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱗ ᱟᱹᱱᱤᱡ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱤᱠᱷ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱥᱠᱚᱞᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱧᱡᱟᱵᱽ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱥᱤᱨᱟᱹ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱜᱽᱭᱟᱱᱤ ᱥᱤᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱲᱦᱚ ᱟᱸᱥ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ, ᱥᱚᱛ ᱱᱤᱨᱚᱲ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱩᱴᱷᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱨ ᱯᱟᱨᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱑᱙᱘᱒ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱜᱚᱨᱚᱵᱟᱱ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱪᱤ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱫᱩᱲᱩᱵ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱘᱗ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱱᱟᱝ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡ ᱫᱚ 'ᱚᱯᱨᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱵᱽᱞᱩᱥᱴᱟᱨ' ᱟᱨ ᱤᱱᱫᱤᱨᱟ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ ᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱡᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱦᱟᱞᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱠᱷᱮᱢᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾"Zail Singh, 78, First Sikh To Hold India's Presidency". The New York Times. 26 December 1994. Retrieved 2011-26-10. ᱟᱡ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱙᱔ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱨ ᱮᱠᱥᱤᱰᱮᱸᱴ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱭᱡᱩᱜᱽ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱤᱬᱤᱡ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ 

 ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ 

ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱕ ᱢᱮ ᱑᱙᱑᱖ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱷᱚᱨᱤᱫᱽᱠᱳᱴ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱸᱫᱷᱚᱵᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱚᱨᱤᱫᱽᱠᱳᱴ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱳᱴ ᱠᱚᱯᱩᱨᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱥᱟᱺᱦᱤᱡ ᱟᱛᱳ, ᱥᱟᱸᱫᱷᱵᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱟᱢᱜᱚᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱛᱤᱨᱤᱡᱩᱨᱤ ᱠᱤᱥᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱳ ᱤᱱᱫᱽᱨᱚ ᱠᱚᱣᱨ ᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱠᱷᱳᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱠᱤᱥᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱛᱳ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱠᱟᱴ ᱢᱤᱥᱛᱨᱤᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱟᱡ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱵᱟᱰᱚᱦᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾  ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱷᱟᱺᱴᱤ ᱥᱤᱠᱷ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱩᱱᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱮᱭᱞ ᱥᱤᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱟᱞ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱷᱟᱹᱴᱭᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱮᱫᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱫᱚ "ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱱᱟᱢ", ᱤᱠᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱹᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱟᱡ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱚᱨᱤᱫᱽᱠᱳᱴ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱵᱤᱨᱳᱫᱷ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱡᱤᱦᱚᱞ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱟᱹᱨᱩ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱮᱭᱞ ᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱠᱮᱫ-ᱟ ᱾ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱠᱷ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱽᱭᱟᱱᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱯᱟᱫᱷᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱠᱷᱤᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱢᱨᱩᱛᱥᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱦᱤᱫᱽ ᱥᱤᱠᱷ ᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱᱟᱨᱤ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱩᱨᱩ ᱜᱽᱨᱚᱸᱛᱷ ᱥᱟᱦᱤᱵᱽ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱫᱽ ᱛᱮᱭ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ "Zail Singh". Encyclopædia Britannica Online.

 ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ( ᱑᱙᱔᱗ - ᱑᱙᱗᱒ ) 
᱑᱙᱔᱖ ᱨᱮ, ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱵᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱜᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱹᱨᱩ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱚᱨᱤᱫᱽᱠᱳᱴ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱨᱤᱱᱫᱚᱨ ᱥᱤᱝ ᱵᱚᱨᱟᱰ ᱮ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱠᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱦᱟᱹᱲᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱡ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱪᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ A.C. Aurora, "Punjab Riyasti Praja Mandal", The Encyclopedia of Sikhism, ed. Harbans Singh, Vol. III, Patiala, India, Punjabi University, 1997, p. 278. ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱔᱙ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱨᱟᱹ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱜᱽᱭᱟᱱᱤ ᱥᱤᱝ ᱨᱟᱨᱮᱣᱟᱞᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱤᱱᱟᱹ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱸᱜᱩ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱚᱴᱤᱭᱟᱞᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱩᱨᱩᱵᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱚᱧᱡᱟᱵᱽ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱩᱢᱩᱴ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱥᱴᱮᱴ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱑᱙᱕᱑ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱤᱨᱥᱤ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤᱭ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱓ ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱑᱙᱕᱖ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱐ ᱢᱟᱨᱪ ᱑᱙᱖᱒ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱛ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱡᱚ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱾ Rajya Sabha member

 ᱯᱚᱧᱡᱟᱵᱽ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱥᱤᱨᱟᱹ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ 

ᱡᱮᱭᱞ ᱥᱤᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱗᱒ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱚᱧᱡᱟᱵᱽ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱠᱚᱸᱜᱽᱨᱮᱥ ᱥᱤᱨᱟᱹ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ Sangat Singh, The Sikhs in History, New Delhi, Uncommon Books, 1999, pp. 350–54; Khushwant Singh, A History of the Sikhs, Volume II: 1839–2004, New Delhi, Oxford University Press, pp. 315–17. ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱨᱚᱢᱡᱷᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢᱮᱛ ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱵᱽ ᱮ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫ-ᱟ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱥᱤᱠᱷ ᱚᱦᱬᱮ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱮᱫ-ᱟ ᱾ ᱜᱩᱨᱩ ᱜᱳᱵᱤᱸᱫᱽ ᱥᱤᱝ ᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱰᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱠᱮᱫ-ᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱜᱩᱨᱩᱭᱤᱡ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱠᱮᱫ-ᱟ ᱾ Khushwant Singh, A History of the Sikhs, Volume II: 1839–2004, New Delhi, Oxford University Press, 2004, p. 355. ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱵᱷᱩᱨ ᱯᱮᱱᱥᱚᱱ ᱯᱟᱱᱛᱷᱟᱭ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫ-ᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱚᱱᱰᱚᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱩᱫᱷᱚᱢ ᱥᱤᱝ ᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱨᱮᱡᱛᱮᱫ, ᱜᱩᱨᱩ ᱜᱳᱵᱤᱸᱫᱽ ᱥᱤᱝ ᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨ ᱥᱟᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱠᱮᱫ-ᱟ ᱾

 ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ 

᱑᱙᱘᱐ ᱨᱮ, ᱡᱮᱭᱞ ᱥᱤᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱗ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱳᱠ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱱᱤᱥᱴᱚᱨ ᱳᱯᱷ ᱦᱚᱢ ᱟᱯᱷᱮᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱤᱱᱫᱤᱨᱟ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ ᱟᱜ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱢᱟᱰᱮᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱦᱟᱞ ᱠᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾  

 ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ 

᱑᱙᱘᱒ ᱨᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱸᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱩᱢ ᱦᱟᱞᱟᱝ ᱪᱷᱟᱹᱴᱭᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱮᱫᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱢᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱝ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱭᱠᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱮᱫ-ᱟ ᱪᱤ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱝ ᱯᱩᱨᱩᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱤᱱᱫᱤᱨᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱞᱟᱭᱚᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱥᱤᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱮ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱫ-ᱟ ᱪᱤ ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱤᱧ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱱᱮᱛᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱠᱮᱫ-ᱟ ᱤᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱜ ᱤᱧ ᱥᱟᱵᱽ ᱢᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱚᱜ ᱥᱟᱯᱷᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱛᱚᱵᱮ ᱤᱧ ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟ ᱜᱮᱧ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱤᱧ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱤᱧᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱕ ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱑᱙᱘᱒ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹᱭ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫ-ᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱟᱹᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱥᱟᱸᱵᱽᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱤᱡ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱤᱠᱷ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

 ᱜᱩᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ 

᱒᱙ ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱑᱙᱙᱔ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ, ᱡᱳᱯ ᱥᱤᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱳᱯᱚᱰ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱨᱚᱛᱯᱩᱨ ᱥᱟᱦᱤᱵᱽ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱚᱴᱚᱨ ᱵᱮᱜᱷᱮᱴᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱮᱭ ᱜᱷᱟᱹᱞ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱛᱤᱱ ᱡᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱥᱚᱲᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱩᱲᱟᱹᱜ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱯᱟᱨᱚᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱟᱨᱟᱠ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱟᱨ ᱮ ᱠᱩᱴᱟᱹᱢ ᱠᱮᱫ-ᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱤᱭ ᱥᱟᱸᱜᱷᱟᱨ ᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾  ᱥᱤᱝ ᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱚᱱᱰᱤᱜᱚᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱵᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱤᱬᱤᱡ ᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱤᱠᱪᱷᱟᱹ ᱑᱙᱙᱔ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱨᱤᱥᱢᱟᱥ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱭᱚᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱗᱘ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾  ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱨ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱭᱟᱭ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱟᱹᱢᱟᱹᱞᱮᱛ ᱫᱩᱠ ᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱜᱷᱟᱴ ᱢᱮᱢᱳᱨᱤᱭᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱥᱩᱥᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱹᱛ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾

 ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ 

 ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ 


 Biography of Giani Zail Singh  
 Zail Singh at Encyclopaedia Britannica

ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ