ᱛᱟᱥᱟᱫ

ᱛᱟᱥᱟᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱹᱬᱤ ᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢᱚᱠ  ᱦᱟᱹᱨᱭᱟᱹᱲ ᱯᱚᱫᱷᱟ/ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱟᱥᱟᱫᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱷᱟᱸᱥ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱟᱥᱟᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱣᱨᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱛ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱛᱚᱞ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱥᱟᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱵᱽ ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱛᱟᱥᱟᱫ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱜᱟᱺᱴᱷ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱝ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱫ,ᱡᱚᱸᱰᱨᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱳᱲᱳ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱛᱟᱥᱟᱫ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

 ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢ 
ᱛᱟᱥᱟᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱱᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱥᱟᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱥᱯᱚᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱜᱟᱹᱭ, ᱵᱷᱤᱲᱤ,  ᱠᱟᱰᱟ, ᱢᱮᱨᱚᱢ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱥᱩᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱱᱣᱟ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱪᱟᱨᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱮᱛᱟᱨ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱥᱯᱚᱛᱤ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱛᱟᱥᱟᱫ ᱜᱷᱟᱹᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱜᱨᱮᱢᱤᱱᱤ (Gramineae family) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱹᱛᱤᱧ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱴᱟᱺᱰᱤ ᱟᱹᱱᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱟᱱᱟᱡ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱛᱟᱥᱟᱫ (Napier grass), ᱥᱩᱰᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱥᱟᱫ (Sudan grass), ᱫᱩᱵᱤ ᱛᱟᱥᱟᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱥᱟᱫ ᱢᱟ ᱵᱚᱱ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱟᱵᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱟᱱᱟᱡᱽ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱩᱦᱩᱢ, ᱦᱳᱲᱳ, ᱡᱚᱸᱰᱨᱟ, ᱡᱟᱣ, ᱵᱟᱡᱽᱲᱟ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱥᱟᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱚᱜᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱴᱟᱜᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱟᱨᱤ, ᱢᱟᱫ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱛᱟᱥᱟᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱥᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱾   

 ᱣᱤᱥᱷᱮᱥᱷᱛᱟ (ᱵᱤᱥᱣᱮᱥᱚᱛᱟ) 
ᱛᱟᱥᱟᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱠᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱩᱫᱟᱹ ᱜᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱱᱟᱹᱥᱮ ᱤᱧᱪ  ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱝ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱴᱟᱺᱰᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱱ(lawn) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱥᱟᱫ, ᱟᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱚᱫᱷᱭᱚᱢ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱩᱦᱩᱢ, ᱡᱚᱸᱰᱨᱟ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱜᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱟᱨᱤ, ᱢᱟᱫ  ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱠᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱦᱟ ᱡᱩᱫᱟᱹ ᱡᱩᱫᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱩᱪᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱚ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ,ᱢᱟᱫ ᱠᱟᱺᱥ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱓᱐-᱔᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ, ᱥᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱡᱤᱣᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱫᱷᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱥᱟᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱚᱢᱚᱱᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ, ᱯᱩᱠᱷᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱚᱨᱮᱭᱟ ᱟᱲᱮ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱞᱴᱟᱹ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱥᱟᱫ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱜᱤᱛᱤᱞᱚᱛᱮᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱡᱤᱣᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱᱟ ᱾  

ᱛᱟᱥᱟᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱪᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹᱣ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱟᱱᱟ ᱴᱷᱚᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱸᱥᱤᱭᱩᱠᱛ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱚᱸᱫᱷᱤ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱟᱜᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱨ ᱥᱮ ᱯᱚᱨᱤ (internodes) ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱱᱟ  ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱚᱭᱚᱢ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱥᱟᱨᱟ ᱜᱷᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱸᱛᱟᱨ ᱢᱩᱠᱷᱤ (parallel viewed) ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ, ᱢᱩᱛᱟᱹᱱ (sheath)  ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱟᱞᱟᱠ (blade), ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱲ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱩᱛᱟᱹᱱ ᱯᱚᱨᱤ ᱟᱹᱪᱩᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱩᱛᱟᱹᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱷᱟᱞᱟᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱹᱱᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱥᱚᱞ ᱟᱹᱱ (linings) ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱟᱞᱟᱝ(Little tongue) ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱱᱠᱟᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱷᱟᱞᱟᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱨᱤᱫᱷᱤ ᱩᱯᱟᱸᱜ (growth appendages) ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱨᱱᱟᱵᱷ (Articles) ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱸᱠᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱥᱟᱫ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱛᱮᱜᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱟᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱥᱟᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱯᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ  ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱝᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱯᱣᱟᱨᱛᱩᱞ (Subgloburlar) ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱮᱜ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱴᱟᱨᱦᱟᱣᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟᱭ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱸᱠᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱸᱫᱤᱭ(bulbus)ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱜᱨᱮᱢᱤᱱᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ  ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱩᱨᱩᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ  ᱟᱨ ᱟᱱᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱵᱟᱦᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱝ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱨᱩᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱟᱦᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱸᱴ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱟᱦᱟ ᱮᱠᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱦᱟ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱱᱩᱥᱷᱩᱠᱤ(spikelets) ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱯᱩᱸᱠᱮᱥᱟᱨ (stamens) ᱟᱨ ᱥᱛᱨᱤᱠᱮᱥᱟᱨ(pistils) ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ-ᱥᱟᱶ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱸᱰᱨᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱩᱫᱟᱹ ᱡᱩᱫᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱟᱦᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱚᱱᱩᱥᱷᱩᱠᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ  ᱥᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱱᱤᱯᱟᱛᱨᱟ(bracts) ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱩᱥᱱᱤᱯᱟᱛᱨᱟ (glumes) ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱦᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱟᱜ ᱛᱩᱥᱱᱤᱯᱟᱛᱨᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱥᱯᱠᱣᱟᱪ (lemmas)  ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱸᱛᱟᱦ ᱯᱩᱥᱯᱠᱣᱟᱪ (palea) ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱥᱯᱠᱣᱟᱪ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱩᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱦᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱠᱩᱨ (Awn)ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ,ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱩᱦᱩᱢ,ᱡᱚ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱾ ᱟᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱦᱟ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱨᱟᱥᱤᱛ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱨᱚᱝ ᱥᱮ ᱥᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱚᱨᱟᱜᱚᱬ ᱜᱮ ᱦᱚᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱦᱟ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱨᱟᱜᱚᱬ (self pollination)ᱦᱚᱸ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱮᱞᱤᱠᱥ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱥᱮ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱯᱟᱛᱞᱟ ᱯᱟᱨᱵᱷᱚᱥᱟᱠ ᱥᱷᱟᱞᱠ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱦᱟ ᱥᱟᱲᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱥᱮᱴᱮᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱩᱱᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱨᱤᱯᱩᱥᱯᱟᱠ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱦᱟ ᱨᱟᱥᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱮᱨᱮᱡᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱦᱟᱭ ᱯᱩᱥᱯᱠᱣᱟᱪ ᱥᱮ ᱟᱸᱛᱟᱦ ᱯᱩᱥᱯᱠᱣᱟᱪ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱟᱵᱟᱣ ᱯᱟᱲᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱦᱟ ᱥᱟᱲᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱚᱢᱚᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱭ ᱯᱚᱨᱟᱜᱟᱬ ᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱝ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟᱨᱟᱬ (seed coat),ᱥᱮ ᱵᱤᱡᱠᱣᱟᱪ (Testa), ᱵᱟᱦᱟᱠᱣᱟᱪ (fruit coat) ᱡᱚᱣᱟᱟᱨᱬ(pericarp) ᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱴᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱᱟ᱾ᱛᱟᱥᱟᱫ ᱫᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱥᱚᱠᱚᱛᱚ ᱢᱟᱛᱨᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱨᱤᱡᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱫᱤᱱ  ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱡᱤᱣᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱞᱣᱟᱭᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱫᱟᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱣᱤᱣᱤᱠᱟᱨᱟᱬ (dispersal)ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱣᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱟᱥᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱭ,ᱫᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱱᱣᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾

 ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱥᱟᱫ 
ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱟᱱᱟᱡ ᱣᱟᱱᱟᱥᱯᱚᱛᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱠᱤᱱ ᱟᱹᱠᱤᱱ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱺᱦᱤᱨ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱫᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱱᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱛᱟᱥᱟᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱲᱛᱤ ᱡᱟᱯᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱴᱟᱜ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱥᱟᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱥᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ  ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ (grass lands) ᱫᱚ  ᱵᱨᱮᱰ ᱵᱟᱥᱠᱮᱴᱥ (Bread Baskets) ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ  ᱥᱚᱸᱭᱩᱠᱛ ᱨᱟᱡᱭᱟ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ   ᱯᱨᱮᱨᱤᱡ(prairies), ᱟᱨᱡᱮᱸᱴᱤᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱸᱯᱟᱡ (pampas), ᱟᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱨᱮᱤᱱ ᱵᱮᱞᱴ (Grain belt)  ᱟᱨ ᱭᱩᱨᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱯᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ, ᱟᱥᱚᱞᱛᱮ  ᱭᱩᱠᱨᱮᱱ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱱᱮᱛᱟᱨ ᱫᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱥᱚᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱨᱮᱰ ᱵᱟᱥᱠᱮᱴᱥ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

 ᱢᱟᱹᱱ 
ᱟᱹᱱᱠᱟᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱛᱟᱥᱟᱫ ᱠᱚ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱴᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ (propagation), ᱣᱤᱨᱚᱣᱟᱦᱟᱠ (stolon) ᱟᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱠᱚᱸᱫ (rhizone) ᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ  ᱟᱹᱰᱤᱥᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱚᱢᱚᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾  (Preserver of nations) ᱟᱨ 'ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱰᱷᱟᱞ'('Shieldof India)ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱛᱟᱥᱟᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱪᱤ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱲᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱵᱚᱦᱮᱞ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱚᱪᱚᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱛ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱᱨᱮ ᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱣᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱮᱫ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱚᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱮᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱮᱥᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱛᱮᱜ ᱚᱛ ᱥᱟᱸᱪᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱥᱟᱫ ᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ 

ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱥᱟᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱥᱟᱭ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱡᱤᱣᱟᱬᱩ  ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ  ᱱᱟᱭᱤᱴᱨᱚᱡᱮᱱ ᱥᱟᱸᱪᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮᱜ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ  ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱨᱣᱟᱨᱟ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱵᱟᱲᱛᱤ ᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱣᱤᱱᱭᱟᱥ  (Texture) ᱵᱟᱲᱛᱤ ᱧᱟᱢᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱠᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱥᱟᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱚᱛ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱲᱛᱤ ᱟᱨᱡᱟᱣ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱟᱰᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱨᱚᱢ ᱵᱷᱤᱰᱤ , ᱥᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱪᱟᱨᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ

 "Planting and care of Lawns" from the UNT Govt. Documents Dept.
 Integrated Pest Management Program: website & search-engine
 Lawn Care University at Michigan State University
 "EPA Management of Polluted Runoff: Nonpoint Source Pollution"  (includes mismanagement of lawns problems.)

 ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ

ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ