ᱚᱱᱤᱥ ᱡᱚᱝ

ᱚᱱᱤᱥ ᱡᱚᱝ (ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱦᱟᱭᱫᱽᱨᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱑᱙᱔᱔NCERT Text Book English Edition) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟ. ᱚᱱᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟ.,ᱡᱚᱨᱱᱟᱞᱤᱥᱴ, ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱜᱚᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱤᱡ ᱚᱱᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟ. ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱟ.ᱢᱤ ᱟᱜᱩᱭᱮᱫᱟ । ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱟ.ᱢᱤ ᱫᱚ, ᱚᱱᱵᱷᱮᱞᱤᱝ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ (᱑᱙᱘᱗) ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱥᱞᱤᱢ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟ. ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱪᱷᱟᱯᱟ ᱞᱮᱜᱻᱟ ᱾ 

ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ
ᱨᱟᱣᱩᱨᱠᱮᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱚᱱᱤᱥ,Unveiling India, Penguin Books, 1987. . page 1 ᱦᱟᱭᱫᱽᱨᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱤᱥᱟ.ᱬ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ । ᱟᱡ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱱᱚᱣᱟᱵᱽ ᱦᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱝᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱟᱥᱮᱨ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱝ ᱦᱚᱲ, ᱚᱱᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟ. ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱭᱫᱽᱨᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱩᱪᱟ.ᱫ ᱱᱤᱡᱟᱢᱤᱡ ᱫᱤᱥᱟ. ᱜᱮᱭᱟᱱ ᱩᱫᱩᱜᱼᱤᱡ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ।Anees Jung  Penguin India. ᱟᱡ ᱟᱭᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱚᱠᱚᱛᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱩᱨᱫᱩ ᱚᱱᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟ. ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱠᱤᱱ ।Anees Jung  Oxford Bookstore. ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟ.ᱜᱟᱲ ᱟᱨ ᱳᱥᱢᱟᱬᱤᱭᱟ ᱞᱟᱯᱷᱟᱝ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟ.ᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫᱻᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱱᱩᱭ ᱭᱩᱠᱛᱚᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱪᱤᱜᱟᱱ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟ.ᱜᱟᱲ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫᱚᱜ ᱞᱟ.ᱜᱤᱱ ᱥᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱰᱮ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱞᱚᱜ ᱥᱚᱭᱲᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ।Seven sisters: among the women of South Asia. Penguin Books, 1994. p. i

ᱟᱥᱩᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱟ.ᱢᱤ
ᱱᱩᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱴᱟᱭᱤᱢᱥ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱭᱩᱛᱷ ᱴᱟᱭᱤᱢᱥ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱷᱚᱵ ᱠᱮᱭᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱙᱗᱖ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱙᱗᱙ ᱦᱟ.ᱵᱤᱡ ᱡᱚᱨᱱᱟᱞᱤᱥᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱠᱨᱮᱴᱟᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱟ.ᱢᱤ ᱞᱮᱭᱟ । ᱡᱚᱝᱜ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱷᱨᱤᱥᱴᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱱᱥ ᱢᱚᱱᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱱᱴᱚᱨᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱦᱮᱨᱟᱞᱰ ᱴᱨᱤᱵᱽᱭᱩᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟ.ᱢᱤ ᱞᱮᱜᱻᱟ ।Anees Jung  writersfestival.org ᱚᱱᱤᱥ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱝ ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ।

ᱯᱚᱛᱚᱵᱽ
᱑᱙᱘᱗ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱱᱵᱷᱮᱞᱤᱝ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱪᱷᱟᱯᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ, ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟ. ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱝ ᱨᱚᱯᱚᱲ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱟᱬᱟᱱ ᱠᱟ.ᱦᱱᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ । ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟ. ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱤᱱᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜᱻᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱤᱫᱤᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱯᱚᱛᱚᱵ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱭᱟ, ᱡᱮᱢᱚᱱ: ᱱᱟᱭᱤᱴᱥ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱫᱤ ᱱᱭᱩ ᱢᱩᱱ: ᱮᱱᱠᱟᱣᱩᱱᱴᱚᱨᱥ ᱣᱤᱛᱷ ᱢᱩᱥᱞᱤᱢ ᱣᱤᱢᱮᱱ ᱤᱱ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ (᱑᱙᱙᱓), ᱥᱮᱵᱷᱮᱱ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱚᱨᱥ: ᱮᱢᱚᱝᱜ ᱫᱤ ᱣᱤᱢᱮᱱ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱥᱟᱣᱩᱛᱷ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ (᱑᱙᱙᱔) । ᱵᱽᱨᱮᱠᱤᱝ ᱫᱤ ᱥᱟᱭᱞᱮᱱᱥ: ᱵᱷᱚᱭᱮᱥᱮᱥ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱣᱤᱢᱮᱱ ᱯᱷᱨᱚᱢ ᱮᱨᱟᱣᱩᱸᱰ ᱫᱤ ᱣᱟᱞᱰ (᱑᱙᱙᱗) ᱯᱚᱛᱚᱵ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟ. ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱟᱵᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ । ᱚᱱᱵᱷᱮᱞᱤᱝ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱷᱟᱯᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱨᱚᱯᱚᱲ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟ. ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱨ-ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨ ᱤᱫᱤᱛᱮ ᱒᱐᱐᱓ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱭᱚᱸᱰ ᱫᱤ ᱠᱳᱴᱭᱟᱨᱰ: ᱮ ᱥᱤᱠᱣᱮᱞ ᱴᱳ ᱚᱱᱵᱷᱮᱞᱤᱝ ᱳᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱯᱚᱛᱚᱵ ᱪᱷᱟᱯᱟ ᱞᱮᱭᱟ ।

᱒᱐᱐᱕ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱷᱟᱯᱟ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱞᱚᱥᱴ ᱥᱯᱨᱤᱝ: ᱥᱴᱳᱨᱤᱡᱽ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱥᱴᱳᱞᱮᱱ ᱪᱟᱭᱤᱞᱰᱦᱩᱰ ᱯᱚᱛᱚᱵ ᱨᱮ, ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟ. ᱠᱚ ᱤᱫᱤᱛᱮ ᱪᱷᱟᱯᱟ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱤᱰᱨᱤᱡ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱞᱚᱠ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟ. ᱠᱚ ᱠᱩᱢᱵᱽᱲᱩ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱨᱡᱟᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱤᱜᱲᱤ ᱠᱟ.ᱨᱠᱷᱟᱱᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱟ.ᱠᱷᱨᱤᱧ ᱞᱮᱫᱮ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱪᱷᱟᱯᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱠᱩᱫ ᱫᱚ, ᱧᱩ ᱵᱩᱞ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱟᱞ ᱛᱚᱞ ᱦᱚᱪᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱵᱟᱞᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ-ᱡᱟᱶᱟᱭᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱩᱣᱟ.ᱱ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱠᱟ.ᱢᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱥᱟ.ᱨᱤᱭᱟ. ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ,Jung exposes national shame Hindustan Times, 1 January 2001. 
ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱵᱤᱫᱟ.ᱞ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩᱜᱟᱱ ᱴᱨᱚᱥᱴ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱥᱟ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱯᱚᱛᱚᱵ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱠᱟ.ᱦᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣᱭᱮᱫᱽ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾  ᱡᱚᱝᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟ.ᱜᱤᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱪᱟᱢᱯᱷᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱟ ।

ᱱᱩᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱛᱚᱵ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ, ᱦᱣᱮᱱ ᱮ ᱯᱞᱮᱥ ᱵᱤᱠᱚᱢ ᱮ ᱯᱚᱨᱥᱚᱱ (᱑᱙᱗᱗) ᱟᱨ ᱫᱤ ᱥᱚᱝ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ (᱑᱙᱙᱐) ।

ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱯᱚᱛᱚᱵ ᱛᱟ.ᱞᱠᱟ.
 ᱦᱣᱮᱱ ᱮ ᱯᱞᱮᱥ ᱵᱤᱠᱚᱢ ᱮ ᱯᱚᱨᱥᱚᱱ ᱵᱤᱠᱟᱥ ᱯᱚᱵᱽᱞᱤᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱ,᱑᱙᱗᱗ 
 ᱯᱷᱞᱟᱥ ᱯᱚᱭᱮᱸᱴᱥ: ᱯᱳᱭᱮᱢᱥ ᱤᱱ ᱯᱨᱳᱡᱽ ᱛᱚᱨᱚᱝ ᱯᱮᱯᱚᱨᱵᱽᱭᱟᱠᱥ,᱑᱙᱘᱑ 
 ᱚᱱᱵᱷᱮᱞᱤᱝ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ, ᱯᱮᱝᱜᱩᱭᱤᱱ ᱵᱩᱠᱥ,᱑᱙᱘᱗ 
 ᱫᱤ ᱥᱚᱝ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱦᱤᱢᱟᱞᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱵᱩᱠᱥ,᱑᱙᱙᱐ 
 ᱱᱟᱭᱤᱴᱥ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱫᱤ ᱱᱭᱩ ᱢᱩᱱ: ᱮᱱᱠᱟᱣᱩᱱᱴᱚᱨᱥ ᱣᱤᱛᱷ ᱢᱩᱥᱞᱤᱢ ᱣᱤᱢᱮᱱ ᱤᱱ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱯᱮᱝᱜᱩᱭᱤᱱ ᱵᱩᱠᱥ,᱑᱙᱙᱓ 
 ᱥᱮᱵᱷᱮᱱ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱚᱨᱥ: ᱮᱢᱚᱝᱜ ᱫᱤ ᱣᱤᱢᱮᱱ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱥᱟᱣᱩᱛᱷ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱯᱮᱝᱜᱩᱭᱤᱱ ᱵᱩᱠᱥ,᱑᱙᱙᱔
 ᱵᱽᱨᱮᱠᱤᱝ ᱫᱤ ᱥᱟᱭᱞᱮᱱᱥ: ᱵᱷᱚᱭᱮᱥᱮᱥ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱣᱤᱢᱮᱱ ᱯᱷᱨᱚᱢ ᱮᱨᱟᱣᱩᱸᱰ ᱫᱤ ᱣᱟᱞᱰ ᱯᱮᱝᱜᱩᱭᱤᱱ ᱵᱩᱠᱥ,᱑᱙᱙᱗ 
 ᱚᱞᱤᱵᱷᱚᱥ ᱯᱷᱨᱚᱢ ᱡᱮᱨᱤᱪᱳ: ᱯᱤᱥ ᱳᱱ ᱣᱤᱱᱴᱚᱱ ᱜᱟᱨᱰᱮᱱᱥ ᱭᱩᱱᱮᱥᱠᱳ, ᱑᱙᱙᱙ .
 ᱵᱮᱭᱚᱸᱰ ᱫᱤ ᱠᱳᱴᱭᱟᱨᱰ: ᱮ ᱥᱤᱠᱣᱮᱞ ᱴᱳ ᱚᱱᱵᱷᱮᱞᱤᱝ ᱳᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱵᱷᱟᱭᱠᱤᱝ, ᱒᱐᱐᱓
 ᱞᱚᱥᱴ ᱥᱯᱨᱤᱝ: ᱥᱴᱳᱨᱤᱡᱽ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱥᱴᱳᱞᱮᱱ ᱪᱟᱭᱤᱞᱰᱦᱩᱰ ᱯᱮᱝᱜᱩᱭᱤᱱ ᱵᱩᱠᱥ, ᱒᱐᱐᱕ .
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ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ

ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱚᱱᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ