ᱡᱩᱠᱛᱤ

ᱡᱩᱠᱛᱤ ᱵᱟᱝᱢᱟ ᱛᱚᱨᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱝᱨᱟᱡᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱞᱚᱡᱤᱠ (Logic, from the Ancient Greek: λογική, translit. logikḗ) ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ E.g., Kline (1972, p. 53) wrote "A major achievement of Aristotle was the founding of the science of logic".  ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟᱱ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱱᱩᱜ-ᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱩᱠᱛᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙ ᱥᱟᱭᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱨᱥᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱞᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱶᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱮᱛᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱩᱴᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ , ᱢᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ ᱟᱨ  ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ  ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ

ᱤᱭᱩᱨᱚᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱩᱠᱛᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ  ᱮᱨᱤᱥᱴᱚᱴᱚᱞ ᱮ ᱥᱮᱬᱟ ᱞᱮᱜ-ᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱨᱤᱥᱴᱚᱴᱚᱞᱟᱜ ᱡᱩᱠᱛᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙ ᱥᱟᱭᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱞᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱜᱮ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱶ ᱟᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱥᱚᱱᱤᱠ ᱠᱚᱶᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱚᱠᱚᱥ ᱡᱩᱠᱛᱤ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱚᱡᱤᱠ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮᱫᱷᱟᱛᱤᱛᱤ ᱜᱚᱶᱛᱚᱢ ᱮ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱜ-ᱟ (c. 6th century BCE) ᱾ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱩᱠᱛᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱟᱪᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱚᱨ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱠᱚᱶᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱩᱠᱛᱤ  ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱠᱚᱠᱚ ᱠᱩᱥᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱶᱟᱫ ᱟ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ- ᱪᱟᱨᱞᱥ ᱵᱟᱵᱮᱡᱽ (Charles Babbage), ᱚᱜᱟᱥᱴᱟᱥ ᱰᱤ ᱢᱚᱨᱜᱟᱱ ( Augustus De Morgan) ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱨᱡᱽ ᱵᱩᱞᱮ ( George Boole) ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱾

ᱯᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ
ᱮᱞᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱩᱠᱛᱤ
ᱫᱚᱨᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱩᱠᱛᱤ
ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱩᱴᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱩᱠᱛᱤ

ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ

 An Outline for Verbal Logic
 Introductions and tutorials
 An Introduction to Philosophical Logic , by Paul Newall, aimed at beginners.
 forall x: an introduction to formal logic, by P.D. Magnus, covers sentential and quantified logic.
 Logic Self-Taught: A Workbook  (originally prepared for on-line logic instruction).
 Nicholas Rescher. (1964). Introduction to Logic, St. Martin's Press.
 Essays
 "Symbolic Logic" and "The Game of Logic", Lewis Carroll, 1896.
 Math & Logic: The history of formal mathematical, logical, linguistic and methodological ideas.  In The Dictionary of the History of Ideas.
 Online Tools
  Interactive Syllogistic Machine  A web based syllogistic machine for exploring fallacies, figures, terms, and modes of syllogisms.
 Reference material
 Translation Tips , by Peter Suber, for translating from English into logical notation.
 Ontology and History of Logic. An Introduction with an annotated bibliography.
 Reading lists
 The London Philosophy Study Guide  offers many suggestions on what to read, depending on the student's familiarity with the subject:
 Logic & Metaphysics 
 Set Theory and Further Logic 
 Mathematical Logic 

ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logic

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