ᱨᱳᱦᱛᱟᱥ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ

ᱨᱳᱦᱛᱟᱥ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹᱥᱟᱲᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱨᱟᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ "Bihar Tourism: Retrospect and Prospect," Udai Prakash Sinha and Swargesh Kumar, Concept Publishing Company, 2012, ISBN 9788180697999"Revenue Administration in India: A Case Study of Bihar," G. P. Singh, Mittal Publications, 1993, ISBN 9788170993810

 ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹᱱ 
ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱥᱚᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ , ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱰᱮᱦᱨᱤ ᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱱ, ᱵᱤᱠᱨᱚᱢᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱨᱟᱢ ᱾

ᱨᱳᱦᱛᱟᱥ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱠᱨᱚᱢᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱮᱵᱤ ᱚᱥᱠᱟᱢᱤᱱᱤ ᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱫᱽᱨᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱾ ᱨᱳᱦᱛᱟᱥ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱨᱳᱦᱛᱟᱥᱜᱚᱰ ᱠᱤᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢᱮᱛ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱠᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱨᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱨ ᱥᱟᱦ ᱥᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱴᱚᱢᱵᱽ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱨ ᱥᱟᱦ ᱥᱩᱨᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱥᱴᱟᱞ-ᱴᱮᱞᱮᱜᱽᱨᱟᱯᱷ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱫᱚᱭ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱥ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱱᱚᱰᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱢᱟᱡᱤᱥᱴᱨᱮᱴ ᱟᱹᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱨᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ, ᱤᱠᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱯᱩᱞᱤᱥ ᱢᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹᱥᱟᱲᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱮᱦᱨᱤ ᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱱᱟᱭᱤᱠ ᱟᱹᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱨᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱠᱨᱚᱢᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱤᱠᱨᱚᱢᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱫᱮᱵᱤ ᱠᱟᱲᱤ ᱢᱩᱫᱽᱨᱤ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱜᱮ ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱩᱫᱽᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱢᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱾ 

ᱨᱳᱦᱛᱟᱥ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱴᱱᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱓᱗᱕᱐ ᱥᱠᱚᱭᱟᱨ ᱠᱤᱞᱚ ᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱚᱡᱽᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱤᱠ ᱢᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹᱥᱟᱲᱟ, ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱨᱟᱢ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢᱮᱛ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱜᱚᱨᱚᱵᱽ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱳᱱ ᱯᱩᱞ, ᱥᱳᱱ ᱱᱟᱹᱭ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱯᱚᱞᱚ, ᱥᱚᱲᱚᱠ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱞᱦᱚᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱚᱲᱚᱠ ᱯᱚᱞᱚ ᱫᱚ (ᱡᱚᱵᱟᱦᱚᱨ ᱥᱮᱛᱩ ᱑᱙᱗᱓ ᱗᱕ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱮᱭᱢᱚᱱ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ) ᱥᱳᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱜᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ (᱓᱘᱗᱑ ‌‍ᱢᱤ) ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱛᱤᱱ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱟᱴᱱᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱹᱭ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱛᱢᱟ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ ᱥᱮᱛᱩ (᱕᱔᱗᱕ ᱢᱤ) ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱨᱚᱢ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱯᱚᱞᱚ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡᱟᱜ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱯᱚᱞᱚ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

 ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ 
ᱨᱳᱦᱛᱟᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱛᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱟ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨᱡᱚ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱷᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱚᱛ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱥᱩᱨᱭᱚ ᱵᱚᱝᱥᱤ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱥᱚᱛᱭᱚ ᱦᱚᱨᱤᱥᱪᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚ ᱭᱤᱡ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱨᱳᱦᱤᱛᱟᱠᱥ  ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱨᱳᱦᱛᱟᱢᱜᱚᱰ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱪᱷᱟᱹᱴᱭᱟᱹᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱳᱦᱛᱟᱥ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱨᱱᱚᱞ ᱴᱟᱸᱰ ᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱳᱦᱛᱟᱥ ᱠᱤᱞᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱩᱥᱵᱚᱝᱥᱤ  (ᱠᱩᱥᱵᱟᱦᱟ) ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱦᱚᱪᱚ ᱞᱮᱫ-ᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱘᱕᱒ ᱥᱟᱞᱮᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱢᱩᱜᱚᱞ ᱵᱟᱫᱽᱥᱟᱦ ᱟᱠᱵᱚᱨ ᱟᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱳᱦᱛᱟᱥ, ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱨᱟᱢ, ᱪᱮᱱᱯᱩᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱳᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱩᱠᱷᱤᱱ-ᱯᱩᱨᱩᱵᱷ ᱵᱷᱟᱜᱽ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱨᱜᱟᱱᱟ-ᱡᱚᱯᱞᱟ, ᱵᱮᱞᱚᱸᱡᱟ, ᱥᱤᱨᱤᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱩᱴᱩᱢᱵᱟ ᱥᱟᱢᱤᱞ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱗᱘᱔ ᱥᱟᱞᱮᱨᱮ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ- ᱨᱳᱦᱛᱟᱥ, ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱨᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱮᱱᱯᱩᱨ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱨᱳᱦᱛᱟᱥ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱑᱗᱘᱗ ᱥᱟᱞᱮᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱦᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱝᱥᱚ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱐ ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱑᱙᱗᱒ ᱨᱮ  ᱥᱟᱦᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱨᱳᱦᱛᱟᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ 

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