ᱡᱮᱦᱟᱱᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ

ᱡᱮᱦᱟᱱᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹᱥᱟᱲᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱦᱟᱱᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ "Bihar Tourism: Retrospect and Prospect," Udai Prakash Sinha and Swargesh Kumar, Concept Publishing Company, 2012, ISBN 9788180697999"Revenue Administration in India: A Case Study of Bihar," G. P. Singh, Mittal Publications, 1993, ISBN 9788170993810 

ᱡᱮᱦᱟᱱᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱮᱜᱮᱞ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱮᱦᱟᱱᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱤᱠ ᱢᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹᱥᱟᱲᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱮᱦᱟᱱᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱚᱜᱚᱫᱷ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲ ᱯᱟᱴᱱᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱔᱕ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱥᱟᱺᱜᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱚᱭᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱔᱓ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱥᱟᱺᱜᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱾ 

ᱡᱮᱦᱟᱱᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱚᱨᱫᱷᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱢᱩᱱᱟᱭᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱤᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱞᱚᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱚᱜᱚᱫᱷ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱨᱴᱞᱮᱸᱰ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱛᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱚᱜᱟᱦᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ 

 ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ 
ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱘᱗᱒ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱭᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱮᱦᱟᱱᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱥᱚᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱑ ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱑᱙᱘᱖ ᱥᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱵᱚᱨ ᱜᱚᱸᱜᱷᱚᱨ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱦᱟᱱᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱚᱠ-ᱠᱟᱴ ᱜᱚᱸᱜᱷᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱢᱚᱣᱨᱚ ᱱᱟᱝ (᱓᱓᱒-᱑᱘᱕ BCE) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱝ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱥᱳᱠᱟᱜ ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ ᱚᱞ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱷᱩᱢᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤᱠ (ᱡᱩᱢᱤᱫᱟᱨ) ᱵᱟᱵᱽᱬᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱫᱚᱵᱽ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱢᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱰᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱠᱤᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱢᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱾ ᱡᱮᱦᱟᱱᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱵᱷᱩᱢᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱵᱽᱬᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱠᱥᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱵᱟᱹᱫᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱰᱷᱟᱹᱭ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱤᱠᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱷᱟᱣ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱛᱷᱤᱛᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱰ ᱠᱳᱨᱤᱰᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾  

 ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ 
ᱡᱮᱦᱟᱱᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱙᱓᱒ ᱥᱠᱚᱭᱟᱨ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (932 sq mi) ᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱢᱮᱠᱥᱤᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ Isla Ángel de la Guarda ᱥᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱵᱟᱹᱨᱤᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ 

ᱚᱱᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱹᱞ, ᱪᱟᱣᱞᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱟᱥᱵᱟᱥ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱮ ᱟᱨᱡᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱥᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱚᱦᱚᱲ ᱾

 ᱟᱨᱡᱟᱣ 
ᱚᱱᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱟᱥᱵᱟᱥ ᱜᱮ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱠᱟᱢᱠᱟᱡᱽ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

 ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ 
ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱜᱮ ᱥᱚᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱮᱦᱟᱱᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱭᱟᱭ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱢᱩᱞᱩᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱺ ᱡᱮᱦᱟᱱᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ, ᱠᱟᱠᱚ, ᱢᱚᱜᱚᱱᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ, ᱜᱷᱳᱥᱤ, ᱦᱩᱞᱟᱥᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ, ᱢᱟᱠᱷᱫᱩᱢᱯᱩᱨ, ᱟᱨ ᱨᱚᱛᱱᱤ ᱯᱷᱚᱨᱤᱫᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱾

 ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ 
ᱡᱮᱦᱟᱱᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤᱜᱟᱱ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱠᱚᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱵᱷᱮᱴ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱤᱜᱽᱵᱷᱟᱜᱽ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱜᱚᱨᱚᱡᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱮᱢ ᱜᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟ ᱺ ᱥᱣᱟᱢᱤ ᱥᱚᱦᱟᱡᱚᱱᱚᱸᱫᱽ ᱯᱚᱵᱽᱞᱤᱠ ᱤᱥᱠᱩᱞ, ᱥᱟᱭᱤ ᱥᱮᱱᱴᱨᱟᱞ ᱯᱚᱵᱽᱞᱤᱠ ᱤᱥᱠᱩᱞ ᱥᱩᱞᱛᱟᱱᱤ ᱯᱚᱱᱰᱩᱭᱤ, ᱯᱚᱨᱯᱚᱞ ᱴᱟᱣᱩᱱ ᱮᱠᱟᱰᱮᱢᱤ, ᱡᱮ.ᱮᱱ.ᱵᱷᱤ., ᱰᱤ.ᱮ.ᱵᱷᱤ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ, ᱵᱤ.ᱵᱷᱤ.ᱮᱱ., ᱯᱤ.ᱯᱤ.ᱮᱥ., ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱥ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ, ᱠᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱤᱭᱚ ᱵᱤᱫᱽᱭᱟᱞᱚᱭᱚ, ᱥᱣᱟᱢᱤ ᱵᱤᱵᱮᱠᱟᱱᱚᱱᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱛᱮᱦᱴᱟ ᱾  

 ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞᱮᱞ 

ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱮᱦᱟᱱᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱑,᱑᱒᱔,᱑᱗᱖ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱚᱴᱟᱢᱚᱴᱤ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱭᱯᱨᱚᱥ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱵᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾

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