ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ (ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ)

ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱝ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱪᱷᱟᱢᱰᱟ ᱠᱱᱟᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱦᱟ ᱴᱟ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱫᱟᱹᱞ ᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱮᱯᱮᱢ-ᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧᱠᱚᱜ ᱟᱹᱠᱷᱨᱤᱧᱡ ᱴᱷᱮᱫ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ ᱵᱤᱫᱟᱹᱞ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱯᱮᱢ -ᱟ ᱾  ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱚᱱ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱫᱟᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱨ ᱰᱟᱢ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹᱜ-ᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱴᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱷᱚᱲ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱦᱟᱹᱯᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱵᱮᱚᱥᱛᱟᱭ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ-ᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱮ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜ-ᱟ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱨ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ-ᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱱ ᱮ ᱛᱩᱱᱩᱢ-ᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱥᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱟᱡ ᱟᱡᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫᱚᱜ-ᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ  ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱦᱟᱜ ᱮᱯᱮᱢ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱟᱛᱮᱫ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱯᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱛᱩᱞᱩᱡ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫᱚᱜ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱮ ᱜᱚᱦᱚᱲ ᱛᱟᱨᱟᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱲᱟ ᱦᱮᱯᱨᱟᱣ ᱫᱚᱨ ᱰᱟᱢ , ᱟᱹᱠᱷᱤᱨᱧᱚᱜ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ (ᱥᱩᱨᱴᱦᱟᱶ ᱟᱨᱡᱟᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱫᱟ ᱧᱩᱢᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ) ᱠᱚ ᱤᱫᱤᱭᱟᱛᱮᱫ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ, ᱨᱟᱭ ᱨᱤᱛ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱛᱤᱸᱜᱩᱱ-ᱟ ᱾
ᱟᱨᱡᱟᱣᱟ-ᱜ ( ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱱ , ᱥᱮᱵᱟ) ᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱥᱟᱣ-ᱟ(ᱠᱷᱟᱴᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱩᱸᱡᱤ), ᱟᱨᱡᱟᱣ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱮᱛᱮᱫ , ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱴᱦᱟᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱯᱮᱢ ᱪᱟᱹᱞᱩ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧᱠᱩᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱩᱥ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱜᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ, ᱟᱹᱠᱡᱨᱤᱧ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ, ᱥᱚᱨᱟᱠᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱱᱟᱹᱨᱤ, ᱠᱷᱟᱡᱽᱱᱟ, ᱥᱚᱵᱥᱤᱰᱤ, ᱠᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱩᱲᱟᱹᱭ, ᱥᱚᱨᱥᱟᱢ ᱥᱟᱹᱲᱤᱢ, ᱮᱯᱮᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱤᱱ, ᱞᱮᱜᱮᱢ, ᱚᱱᱢᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱩᱨ,ᱟᱠᱟᱨ, ᱢᱤᱫᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ, ᱚᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱮᱯᱮᱢ, ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱫᱚᱨ ᱫᱟᱢ, ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞᱚᱜ, ᱚᱛᱚᱱᱚᱜᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱛᱤᱧ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱦᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱹᱰᱤᱜᱮ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱫᱟᱹᱭᱠᱟᱹᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱟᱠᱟᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜ-ᱟ, ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱛᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ  ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜ-ᱟ, ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱣᱴᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜ-ᱟ, ᱡᱮᱡᱟᱹᱴᱤᱭᱟᱹᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜ-ᱟ ᱾
ᱢᱩᱲᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ,  ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱱᱠᱟᱱ ᱜᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱟᱹᱠᱷᱨᱤᱧ ᱠᱩᱜ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱱ , ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱮᱣᱨᱟ ᱮᱯᱮᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱫᱟᱣ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱤᱱ ᱴᱟᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱯᱮᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱨᱵᱟᱨ (transaction) ᱵᱚᱱ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾"Transaction" , Oxford Dictionaries. Retrieved 25 October 2014.
ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱟᱹᱠᱷᱨᱤᱧᱠᱩᱜ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱠᱚ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱨ ᱫᱟᱢ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ-ᱟ , ᱱᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱥᱟᱢᱮᱥ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱟᱲᱟᱦᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱡᱚᱜᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱡ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱛᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱩᱰᱩᱠ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱮᱦᱮᱧ ᱜᱟᱞᱚᱪ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱬᱟ ᱥᱟᱴᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱵᱚᱱ ᱢᱮᱛᱟ ᱦᱟᱜ-ᱟ , ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ-ᱟ ᱦᱟᱴ ᱯᱟᱛ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱨᱟᱲᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ 
ᱮᱞᱠᱷᱟ ᱢᱚᱰᱮᱞ

ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ

 Grocery store
 Knowledge market
 Market economy
 Market engineering
 Market information systems
 Market microstructure
 Market town
 Shopper marketing

ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ

ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣᱢᱮ

 Pindyck, Robert S. and Daniel L. Rubinfeld, Microeconomics, Prentice Hall 2012.
 Frank, Robert H., Microeconomics and Behavior, 6th ed., McGraw-Hill/Irwin 2006.
 Kotler, P. and Keller, K.L., Marketing Management, Prentice Hall 2011.
 Baker, Michael J. and Michael Saren, Marketing Theory: A Student Text, Sage 2010. online.
 Aspers, Patrik, Markets, Polity Press 2011. online.
 Bauer, Leonard and Herbert Matis (1988) From moral to political economy: The Genesis of social sciences, History of European Ideas 9 (2), 125–143.
 Nathaus, Klaus and David Gilgen (Eds.), Change of Markets and Market Societies: Concepts and Case Studies. Historical Social Research 36 (3), Special Issue, 2011.
ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ