Uburenganzira ku Buzima bw’Iganga mu Ikoranabuhanga (Right to Privacy in the Digital Age)

Uburenganzira ku Buzima bw’Iganga mu Ikoranabuhanga ni uburenganzira bw’umuntu bwo kugira amakuru ye bwite, uburyo asangirwa, n’uko akoreshwa n’abakoresha ikoranabuhanga ku isi yoseOffice of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) (2022). Privacy and Data Protection. OHCHR.

 Inkomoko y’Uburenganzira ku Buzima bw’Iganga 
Uburenganzira ku buzima bwite bw’umuntu (privacy) bufite inkomoko mu mategeko mpuzamahanga arengera uburenganzira bwa muntu, nk’UDHR Ingingo ya 12 n’ICESCR Ingingo ya 17United Nations (1948). Universal Declaration of Human Rights. UDHR Text. Mu gihe cy’ikoranabuhanga, ubu burenganzira bwiyongereye kubera:

 Gukusanywa kw’amakuru menshi ku baturage n’ibigo by’ikoranabuhanga.
 Kwandikwa n’ikoreshwa ry’amakuru ku murandasi (social media, apps, websites).
 Ihuriro ry’ibihugu n’imiryango mpuzamahanga rigamije kubungabunga privacyOffice of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) (2022). Privacy and Data Protection. OHCHR.

 Agaciro k’Uburenganzira ku Buzima bw’Iganga 
Uburenganzira ku buzima bwite mu ikoranabuhanga burimo:

 Kumenya no kugenzura amakuru yawe bwite.
 Guhitamo uburyo amakuru yawe asangirwa ku murandasi.
 Kurengerwa igihe amakuru yawe yakoreshejwe mu buryo butemewePrivacy International Privacy International.

 Imbonerahamwe: Ibyiciro by’Uburenganzira ku Buzima bw’Iganga mu Ikoranabuhanga 
IcyiciroIbisobanuroKwizera amakuruUburenganzira bwo kugenzura no kwemeza uburyo amakuru yawe yakirwa cyangwa asangirwaKwirinda ihohoterwaKurindwa guhererekanywa kw’amakuru mu buryo butemewe cyangwa gucishwa bugufiGuhindura amakuruUburenganzira bwo guhindura amakuru cyangwa gusaba ko bisibwe igihe bibangamiye ubuzima bwawe bwiteKubika amakuru nezaGukoresha uburyo bwizewe bwo kubika amakuru yawe bwite mu ikoranabuhanga

 Amategeko Mpuzamahanga arengera Uburenganzira ku Buzima bw’Iganga 
Uburenganzira ku buzima bwite (privacy) mu ikoranabuhanga burengerwa n’amategeko mpuzamahanga atandukanye, arimo:

 Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) 
-Ingingo ya 12: Ntihagomba guhonyorwa ubuzima bwite bw’umuntu, urugo rwe, amakuru ye bwite cyangwa ibaruwa ze. Uburenganzira bwo kurindwa gucibwa bugufi bwubahirizwa kandi bufatwa nk’ingenzi mu isi yoseUDHR Text UN].

 International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) 
Ingingo ya 17:Ntihagomba guhonyorwa ubuzima bwite cyangwa amakuru bwite y’umuntu. Buri gihugu gifite inshingano zo kubahiriza no kurengera ubuzima bwite bw’abaturage bacyo, harimo no mu ikoranabuhangaICCPR Text OHCHR].

 European General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) 
- Itegeko ry’Uburayi ryo kurengera amakuru y’abaturage ku murandasi, rikubiyemo uburenganzira bwo kumenya, kugenzura, no gusaba ko amakuru yawe bwite asibwa cyangwa ahindurweGeneral Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) (2018). GDPR Text.

 Imbonerahamwe: Amategeko n’Amabwiriza y’Isi Hose ku Buzima bw’Iganga 
Itegeko / AmasezeranoIgihugu / UmuryangoUburyo burengera ubuzima bwite mu ikoranabuhangaCitationUDHR, 1948UNKurengera ubuzima bwite bw’abantu ku rwego mpuzamahangaUDHR Text UNICCPR, 1966UNKurengera uburenganzira bwo kutavogerwa ku makuru bwite no mu bigo by’ikoranabuhangaICCPR Text OHCHRGDPR, 2018European UnionUburenganzira bwo kumenya, kugenzura, no gusaba ko amakuru yawe asibwa cyangwa ahindurweGDPR Text GDPR

 Ingero z’Isi Hose ku Buzima bw’Iganga mu Ikoranabuhanga 
Uburenganzira ku buzima bwite mu ikoranabuhanga burakurikiranwa mu bihugu bitandukanye, hifashishijwe amategeko n’inzego zishinzwe kurengera amakuru y’abaturage.

 Uburenganzira bwa Privacy muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika (USA) 
Mu USA, amategeko nka California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) arengera ubuzima bwite bw’abaturage, ndetse no kugenzura amakuru y’abakoresha urubuga. Abaturage bafite uburenganzira bwo kumenya, gusaba gusibanganya cyangwa guhindura amakuru yabo bwiteCalifornia Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) California State Government.

 Uburenganzira bwa Privacy mu Burayi 
Itegeko rya GDPR ryo mu Burayi ritanga uburenganzira ku makuru bwite, rituma abaturage bamenya neza amakuru abacisha bugufi, uburyo akoreshwa, n’uburenganzira bwo kuyasiba cyangwa kuyahinduraGDPR Text GDPR].

 Uburenganzira bwa Privacy muri Koreya y’Epfo 
Koreya y’Epfo ifite amategeko akomeye yo kurengera amakuru y’abaturage ku murandasi (Personal Information Protection Act, PIPA). Abaturage bafite uburenganzira bwo kumenya uburyo amakuru yabo akoreshwa, kandi ibigo bigomba gukurikiza amabwiriza akomeye yo kubika amakuruPIPA – Personal Information Protection Commission PIPC Korea].

 Imbonerahamwe: Ibihugu n’Uburenganzira bwa Privacy mu Ikoranabuhanga 
IgihuguItegeko / AmabwirizaUburyo burengera ubuzima bwiteCitationUSACalifornia Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA)Abaturage bashobora kumenya, gusaba gusibanganya, no guhindura amakuru yabo bwiteCalifornia Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) California State GovernmentEuropean UnionGeneral Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)Abaturage bamenya amakuru yabo, bashobora gusaba ko asibwa cyangwa ahindurweGDPR Text GDPRSouth KoreaPersonal Information Protection Act (PIPA)Abaturage bamenya uburyo amakuru yabo akoreshwa kandi barindwa ihohoterwaPIPA – Personal Information Protection Commission PIPC KoreaBrazilGeneral Data Protection Law (LGPD)Kurengera amakuru bwite y’abaturage ku murandasiLGPD Brazil Government of Brazil

 Imbogamizi n’Inzitizi mu Kurengera Uburenganzira ku Buzima bw’Iganga 
N’ubwo hari amategeko arengera ubuzima bwite mu bihugu byinshi, hari ibibazo bikomeye bikigaragara mu isi yose:

 Ihohoterwa ry’amakuru n’ukwiba amakuru (data breaches) ku bigo by’ikoranabuhangaCNET (2023). Biggest Data Breaches of All Time. CNET.
 Gukusanywa kw’amakuru ataboneye (surveillance) n’ibihugu n’ibigo byigengaEFF: Privacy Electronic Frontier Foundation.
 Kutagira amategeko akomeye mu bihugu bimwe bituma uburenganzira bwa privacy butubahirizwaPrivacy International Privacy International.

 Imbonerahamwe: Ibihugu n’Inzitizi ku Buzima bw’Iganga mu Ikoranabuhanga 
IgihuguIcyo kibazoIngaruka ku baturageCitationUSAData breaches nyinshi ku bigo by’ikoranabuhangaAmakuru y’abantu menshi yahohoterwa kandi yakoreshejwe nabiCNET: Biggest Data BreachesChinaSurveillance nyinshi n’ukwivanga mu buzima bwiteAbaturage babuzwa ubwisanzure mu gutanga amakuru bwiteHRW China 2023IndiaKutagira amategeko akomeye ya privacyAbaturage bashobora guhura n’ihohoterwa ry’amakuru ku murandasiPrivacy International: IndiaBrazilImikorere y’amategeko ituzuye (LGPD itarakurikizwa neza)Kutubahirizwa ku buryo bwuzuye k’uburenganzira bwa privacyLGPD Brazil Government of Brazil

 Uruhare rw’Imiryango Mpuzamahanga mu Kurengera Uburenganzira bwa Privacy 
Imiryango mpuzamahanga nka OHCHR, UNESCO, na Internet Governance Forum (IGF) ifite uruhare rukomeye mu gukurikirana no gushyigikira uburenganzira ku buzima bwite mu ikoranabuhanga. Iyi miryango ishyiraho amategeko, raporo, n’ingamba zo kurengera amakuru y’abantu ku isi yoseOHCHR: Privacy and Data Protection OHCHR.

 Imbonerahamwe: Imiryango Mpuzamahanga n’Ibikorwa byayo mu Kurengera Privacy 
UmuryangoIbikorwaIngaruka ku burenganzira bwa PrivacyCitationOHCHRRaporo ku burenganzira bwa privacy, amabwiriza ku mategeko mpuzamahangaGukurikirana no kurengera uburenganzira bw’abantu ku murandasiOHCHR: Privacy and Data ProtectionUNESCOGahunda z’uburezi ku burenganzira bwa privacy, gahunda z’ikoranabuhangaAbaturage bamenya uburenganzira bwabo ku murandasiUNESCO: Ethics of TechnologyInternet Governance Forum (IGF)Ihuriro rihuza ibihugu, sosiyete sivile, n’abikorera ku bijyanye na privacyKunoza politiki n’amategeko arengera uburenganzira bwa privacyInternet Governance ForumElectronic Frontier Foundation (EFF)Ubukangurambaga n’ubushakashatsi ku burenganzira bw’ikoranabuhangaKumenyekanisha ibyago byo guhohoterwa kw’amakuru y’abantuEFF: Privacy

 References 

 Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF). Privacy. EFF
 CNET (2023). Biggest Data Breaches of All Time. CNET
 UNESCO (2023). Ethics of Science and Technology. UNESCO
 Internet Governance Forum (IGF). IGF
 Human Rights Watch (2023). China Country Report. HRW China 2023