Charles Barbier

Charles Barbier de la Serre (  ; 18 Gicurasi 1767 - 22 Mata 1841) nibwo yaje guhimba inyandiko ya bafaransa uburyo butandukanye bwo kwandika no gukoresha ubundi buryo bwo kwandika, bumwe muri bwo bukaba bwarahumekeye Braille .

 Kwandika ingingo 

 Amahame 
Yasabye uburyo bworoshye bwo kwandika bushingiye kuri gride kandi bwakorohera n'ababana n'ubumuga, yariho muburyo bubiri. Iya mbere ni inyuguti zisanzwe muri gride ya 5x5 (icyo gihe, inyuguti ya W yakoreshwaga gake mu rurimi rwigifaransa).
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Hariho na verisiyo ya fonetike, yavugurwagaho amajwi y'ururimi rw'igifaransa. Mu gitabo cya 1815, hari amajwi 30 muri gride y'imirongo itanu n'inkingi esheshatu, ariko Barbier yaje kwagura umubare kugeza kuri 36, muri gride ifite imirongo itandatu n'inkingi esheshatu. Barbier yahisemo verisiyo ya fonetike, avuga ko kwiga amategeko yimyandikire byatanze indi mbogamizi kubatazi gusoma no kwandika. 
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Nyuma yimyaka, Barbier na Braille bombi bapfuye, Alexandre René Pignier yanditse ubuzima bugufi bwa Louis Braille.  Muri yo, yasabye ko Braille, akiri muto cyane, yerekanye inenge za sisitemu ya Barbier. Nyuma abanditsi bashushanyije kuriyi nkuru kugirango basobanure guhura kwangwa hagati ya Barbier na Braille akiri muto cyane. Mubyukuri, bombi ntibabonanye kugeza mu 1833, igihe Braille yari mukuru kandi hashize imyaka ine asohoye sisitemu ye. Barbier na Braille babaye inshuti.  Amabaruwa hagati yabo bombi yari meza. Mellor arimo imwe mu mabaruwa yanditse mu gitabo cye kivuga kuri Louis Braille. 

Barbier yamaze ubuzima bwe bwose agerageza kumenyekanisha ibitekerezo bye kuburezi rusange.  Yanditse ibindi bitabo byinshi kandi agerageza kwinjiza mubantu ibyubu uburyo bwe bwo kwandika kandi bworoshye bwo kwandika arinako abushira mu mumashuri y'incuke, ariko ntibyagerwaho. Ariko, Braille yahinduye sisitemu nibikoresho bya Barbier yabaye sisitemu ikoreshwa kwisi yose muri iki gihe.

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