Indangagaciro y’Umuco n’Uburenganzira bwo Kwiyumva mu Itsinda

Indangagaciro y’Umuco n’Uburenganzira bwo Kwiyumva mu Itsinda ni inyandiko isesengura uburyo umuco w’abantu, indangagaciro zabo, n’imiryango bifitanye isano n’uburenganzira bwo kwiyumvamo agace cyangwa itsinda, kandi igahabwa agaciro n’amategeko mpuzamahangaUNESCO: Cultural Diversity UNESCO, Cultural Diversity].

 Inkomoko y’Indangagaciro y’Umuco 
Umuco ni uburyo abantu bahurira ku myemerere, imigenzo, amateka, ubuvanganzo, n’imyitwarire. Kwiyumva mu itsinda ni kimwe mu by’ingenzi byo kubaka umuryango w’abantu ndetse n’iterambere ryaboUN: Human Rights and Cultural Identity United Nations].

Abahanga mu by’ubumenyi bw’umuco bavuga ko indangagaciro y’umuco igira uruhare mu:

 Kurengera ubutaka n’umuco gakondo.
 Gushyigikira uburenganzira bwo kwiyumvamo agace cyangwa umuryango.
 Kurwanya ivangura, gusebanya cyangwa guhonyora abantu bitewe n’umuco waboOHCHR: Cultural Rights OHCHR].

 Agaciro k’Uburenganzira bwo Kwiyumva mu Itsinda 
Uburenganzira bwo kwiyumva mu itsinda cyangwa mu muco wihariye burengera:

 Kwitabira imihango, imigenzo n’imyemerere y’itsinda.
 Guhabwa uburenganzira bwo kwerekana imyambaro, indirimbo, imbyino n’ubugeni by’umuco.
 Guhabwa uburenganzira bwo kwishyira hamwe mu matsinda cyangwa imiryango y’umucoCultural Policies: Cultural Rights Cultural Policies].

 Imbonerahamwe: Ibyiciro by’Uburenganzira bwo Kwiyumva mu Itsinda 
Igice cy’UburenganziraIbisobanuroKwiyumvamo umuryangoKwemererwa guhurira n’abagize umuryango, itsinda cyangwa agace k’umucoKwitabira imigenzoKwemererwa gukora cyangwa kwitabira imihango y’umuco n’imigenzo y’abakurambereKugaragaza umucoKwemererwa kugaragaza imyambaro, indirimbo, imbyino, n’ubugeni bw’umucoKwishyira hamweKwemererwa kwishyira hamwe mu matsinda y’umuco cyangwa imiryango y’abemera umuco umwe

 Amategeko Mpuzamahanga arengera Umuco 
Uburenganzira bwo kwiyumva mu itsinda bufitanye isano n’amategeko mpuzamahanga arengera indangagaciro z’umuco. Aya mategeko agenga uburenganzira bwo kubaho no kugaragaza umuco, kandi akurikirana ko abantu bose bashobora kwishyira hamwe mu matsinda y’umuco n’imiryango yaboUN: Human Rights United Nations].

 Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) 
Ingingo ya 27: Umuntu wese afite uburenganzira bwo kwitabira ubuzima bw’umuco w’abantu, kuryoherwa n’ubuhanzi, no kugira uruhare mu bikorwa by’ubumenyi n’ubuhanzi by’umucoUDHR Text UN].

 International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) 
Ingingo ya 15: Abaturage bose bafite uburenganzira bwo kugaragaza no kubungabunga umuco wabo, gufata gahunda z’uburezi zishingiye ku muco, no gukoresha ururimi kavukire mu myigire yaboICESCR Text OHCHR].

 UNESCO Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions (2005) 
- Intego nyamukuru ni ugushyigikira uburenganzira bwo kugaragaza umuco n’ubuhanzi, kurengera umwihariko w’ibihugu n’imiryango, no guteza imbere imiryango y’umucoUNESCO Convention 2005 UNESCO].

 Imbonerahamwe: Amasezerano Mpuzamahanga arengera Uburenganzira bwo Kwiyumva mu Itsinda 
Itegeko / AmasezeranoIngingo y’ingenziUburyo burengera indangagaciro z’umucoUDHR, 1948Ingingo 27Uburenganzira bwo kwitabira ubuzima bw’umuco no kugira uruhare mu bikorwa by’ubuhanzi n’ubumenyiICESCR, 1966Ingingo 15Kurengera umuco, ururimi kavukire, uburezi bushingiye ku mucoUNESCO Convention, 2005Article 1–12Gushyigikira no kurengera uburenganzira bwo kugaragaza umuco n’ubuhanzi

 Ingero z’Isi Hose ku Burenganzira bwo Kwiyumva mu Itsinda n’Umuco 
Uburenganzira bwo kwiyumva mu itsinda bugenda buterwa imbere mu bihugu bitandukanye, hakurikijwe amategeko mpuzamahanga, ubuyobozi bw’imbere mu gihugu, n’imiryango yigenga.

 Uburenganzira bwo Kwiyumva mu Itsinda muri Canada 
Canada ifite amategeko arengera indangagaciro z’abo mu bihugu byabo kavukire n’abimukira. Itegeko ry’Uburinganire n’Uburenganzira bwa muntu ryemerera buri wese kwiyumva mu itsinda ry’umuco we, kwitabira imihango, no gukoresha ururimi kavukireCanadian Heritage: Cultural Policies Government of Canada].

 Uburenganzira bwo Kwiyumva mu Itsinda muri Nouvelle-Zélande (Aotearoa) 
Itegeko rya Waitangi rifasha abanya-Māori kubungabunga umuco wabo, indimi zabo, n’imigenzo y’umuco. Abaturage bose bafite uburenganzira bwo kugaragaza indangagaciro z’umuco wabo mu mashuri, ibikorwa by’ubuhanzi, n’imihangoWaitangi Tribunal Waitangi Tribunal].

 Uburenganzira bwo Kwiyumva mu Itsinda muri Afurika y’Epfo 
Itegeko nshinga rya Afurika y’Epfo rishyiraho uburyo bwo kurengera indangagaciro z’amoko atandukanye. Abaturage bafite uburenganzira bwo kugaragaza imyemerere yabo, kwambara imyambaro y’umuco, no gutanga uburezi bushingiye ku muco waboConstitution of South Africa Government of South Africa].

 Imbonerahamwe: Ibihugu n’Ubwirinzi bw’Uburenganzira bwo Kwiyumva mu Itsinda 
IgihuguItegeko / AmasezeranoUburyo bwo Kurengera UmucoCanadaCanadian Heritage: Cultural PoliciesKwemerera abimukira n’abaturage kavukire kwiyumvamo umuco wabo, kwitabira imihango, no gukoresha indimi zaboNouvelle-ZélandeWaitangi TreatyKurengera umuco w’abanya-Māori, indimi zabo, imyemerere, n’ubuhanziAfurika y’EpfoConstitution, 1996Kurengera uburenganzira bw’amoko, imyambaro, imyemerere, uburezi bushingiye ku mucoPeruLey de CulturaKurengera indangagaciro z’abaturage kavukire, ibikorwa by’umuco n’ubuhanziNoruvejiCultural Heritage ActKurengera imiryango y’umuco, ibikorwa by’ubuhanzi n’imigenzo gakondo

 Imbogamizi n’Ihohoterwa ku Bumenyi bw’Umuco 
N’ubwo hari amategeko mpuzamahanga n’imbere mu bihugu arengera indangagaciro z’umuco, hari ibibazo byinshi bikigaragara mu isi yose. Izi mbogamizi zirimo:

 Ihohoterwa rishingiye ku moko, ururimi, n’imyemerere y’umucoUNESCO: Cultural Diversity UNESCO].
 Kutubahiriza amategeko y’umuco mu mashuri no mu nzego z’ubureziOHCHR: Cultural Rights OHCHR].
 Imyitwarire y’ubutegetsi itubahiriza uburenganzira bwo kwiyumva mu itsindaHuman Rights Watch: World Report 2023 HRW].

 Imbonerahamwe: Ibihugu n’Imbogamizi z’Uburenganzira bwo Kwiyumva mu Itsinda 
IgihuguIcyo kibazoIngaruka ku baturageCitationMyanmarIhonyora ry’umuco w’amoko atandukanyeAbaturage bamwe babuzwa kwiga ururimi kavukire no kwiyumvamo umucoHRW Myanmar 2023FranceGukumira imyambaro y’umuco mu mashuriAbanyeshuri bamwe batemererwa kwambara imyambaro y’umucoBBC News: France cultural dress banChinaKugenzura ibikorwa by’umuco w’Abatibeti na UighurIhohoterwa ku myemerere, indimi n’imihango gakondoHRW China 2023USAKutubahiriza amategeko y’indangagaciro z’abimukiraAbimukira bamwe ntibemererwa kugaragaza imigenzo n’indangagaciro zaboUSCIS: Cultural Rights

 Uruhare rw’Imiryango Mpuzamahanga n’Amabwiriza ya ONU 
Imiryango mpuzamahanga nka UNESCO, OHCHR, na UNDP ifite uruhare rukomeye mu kurengera indangagaciro z’umuco no gushyigikira uburenganzira bwo kwiyumva mu itsinda. Iyi miryango ishyiraho gahunda, raporo, n’ingamba zo gukurikirana ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’uburenganzira bw’umuco ku isi yoseUNESCO: Cultural Diversity UNESCO].

 Imbonerahamwe: Imiryango Mpuzamahanga n’Ibikorwa byayo 
UmuryangoIbikorwaIngaruka ku burenganzira bwo kwiyumva mu itsindaCitationUNESCOGushyiraho amategeko n’amasezerano arengera umuco, gukurikirana ibikorwa by’ubuhanzi n’imyemerereAbaturage babasha kwitabira ibikorwa by’umuco no kugaragaza indangagaciro zaboUNESCO: Convention on Cultural DiversityOHCHRRaporo ku burenganzira bw’umuco, inama ku mategeko mpuzamahangaGukurikirana ko abantu bose bashobora kwiyumva mu itsinda ry’umuco waboOHCHR: Cultural RightsUNDPGahunda z’uburezi n’ubukangurambaga ku burenganzira bw’umucoGushyigikira iterambere ry’abaturage hashingiwe ku ndangagaciro zaboUNDP Human Rights ReportsInternational Labour Organization (ILO)Gahunda z’uburenganzira bwo kubaho mu matsinda y’umucoAbakozi bemererwa kugaragaza imyemerere n’indangagaciro zaboILO Labour Rights

 Inama n’Recommendations ku Kurengera Uburenganzira bwo Kwiyumva mu Itsinda 
Mu rwego rwo guteza imbere uburenganzira bwo kwiyumva mu itsinda no kurengera indangagaciro z’umuco, inama zikurikira zirakenewe:

 Gushyiraho amategeko arengera umuco n’uburenganzira bwo kwiyumva mu itsinda — Ibihugu byose bikwiye gushyiraho amategeko arengera abantu kuburenganzira bwo kwiyumva mu matsinda y’umuco waboUNESCO: Cultural Diversity UNESCO].
 Gukoresha ikoranabuhanga mu gukurikirana ibikorwa by’umuco — Gahunda z’ikoranabuhanga zifasha gukurikirana amateka n’ibikorwa by’umuco, ndetse no gukumira ihohoterwa rishingiye ku mucoOHCHR: Cultural Rights OHCHR].
 Gutoza n’amahugurwa — Abakozi b’inzego za leta, imiryango yigenga, n’abarimu bagomba guhabwa amahugurwa ku burenganzira bwo kwiyumva mu itsinda n’indangagaciro z’umucoUNESCO: Education for Cultural Diversity UNESCO].
 Gukomeza ubufatanye n’imiryango mpuzamahanga — Ibi bizafasha gukurikirana ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’amasezerano mpuzamahanga, raporo n’ibikorwa by’umucoUNDP Human Rights Reports UNDP].

 Imbonerahamwe: Intambwe z’Isi Yose zatewe mu Kurengera Uburenganzira bwo Kwiyumva mu Itsinda 
UmwakaIgikorwaIgihugu / UmuryangoIngarukaCitation1948Kwemeza Universal Declaration of Human RightsUNUburenganzira bwo kwitabira ubuzima bw’umuco bwemewe ku isi hoseUDHR Text UN1966Kwemeza ICESCRUNKurengera uburenganzira bwo kugaragaza umuco n’ururimi kavukireICESCR Text OHCHR2005Kwemeza UNESCO Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural ExpressionsUNESCOGushyigikira kugaragaza umuco n’ubuhanzi ku isi hoseUNESCO Convention 2005 UNESCO2023Gushyiraho raporo n’ubushakashatsi ku burenganzira bwo kwiyumva mu itsindaOHCHR / UNDPGukurikirana ibikorwa byose by’umuco no kurengera uburenganzira bw’abantuUNDP Reports UNDP

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