Cyrene, Libiya

Cyrene, yiswe Kyrene, yari ubukoloni bwa kera bw'Abagereki n'umujyi w'Abaroma hafi ya Shahhat y'ubu mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba bwa Libiya muri Afurika y'Amajyaruguru . Wari igice cya Pentapolis, itsinda ry'ingenzi ry'imijyi itanu yo mukarere, kandi ryahaye ako gace izina rya kera na kera rya Cyrenaica .

Cyrene iryamye k'umusozi wa Jebel Akhdar. Ibisigazwa by'ubucukuzi bwa hegitari nyinshi kandi birimo insengero nyinshi zubatswe, stoas, theatre, ubwiherero, amatorero, hamwe n’amazu ya palasitike. Umujyi ukikijwe na Necropolis ya Cyrene. Kuva mu 1982, ni Umurage w’isi wa UNESCO . Icyambu cy'umujyi cyari Apolloniya (Marsa Sousa), giherereye nko mu  mu majyaruguru.

Uyu mujyi witiriwe Apollo na etymom  w'icyamamare, Cyrene n'Abagereki ubwabo ariko birashoboka ko byakoronijwe n'abimukira baturutse I Thera mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya karindwi mbere ya Yesu. Mu mizo ya mbere yategekwaga n'ingoma y'abami yitwa Battiads, bakize kandi bakomeye bitewe n'imivumba yagiye ikurikirana y'abinjira n'abasohoka no kohereza amafarashi na silifium, n'ibihingwa by’imiti. Mu kinyejana cya gatanu mbere ya Yesu, bari bamaze kwagura indi mijyi ya Cyrenaica. Yabaye icyicaro cya cyrenaics, ishuri rya filozofiya mu kinyejana cya kane mbere ya Yesu, ryashinzwe na Aristippus, umwigishwa wa Sokalate . Mu gihe cy'Abagiriki, umujyi wasimburanaga hagati yo kuba mu Misiri ya Ptolémée n'umurwa mukuru w'ubwami bwigenga. Wari kandi ihuriro rikomeye ry'Abayahudi . Mu mwaka wa  96 mbere ya Yesu, yanyuze muri repubulika y'abaroma ihinduka igice cy'intara ya kirete na cyrenaica. Umujyi washenywe n’abarwanyi b'Abayahudi mu mwaka wa 115 nyuma ya Yesu mu gihe cyo kwigomeka kw'abadiaspola, kandi wubatswe buhoro mu kinyejana cyakurikiyeho. Umutingito wabaye mu 262 na 365 washenye umujyi, ariko gutura bimwe byakomeje mu gihe cya mbere cya Byzantine ndetse n’abayisilamu bigarurira Maghreb mu 642, nyuma y’aho hantu haratereranwa kugeza hashyizweho ikigo cya gisirikare cy’Ubutaliyani kuri icyo kibanza mu 1913. Ubucukuzi burakomeje kuva icyo gihe.https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/galleries/21-World-Heritage-Sites-you-have-probably-never-heard-of/

 Amateka 
Abantu babaye muri Cyrenaica kuva muri Palaeolithic. hariho ibimenyetso bimwe byo gutura mu buvumo buri munsi ya Acropolis ishobora kubanziriza gutura mu Bugereki. Birashoboka koabanya Mino na Mycenaeans basuye Cyrene mu gihe cya Bronze, kubera ko iri mu nzira yoroshye yo mu nyanja iva muri Aegean yerekeza muri Egiputa, ariko ibimenyetso byonyine bya kera byerekana ko ibyo ari ibintu bitandukanye byavumbuwe ku gicaniro gito cya Minoan hamwe n'ikidodo cya Minoan, gishobora kuba cyarazanywe nyuma. 

 Urufatiro 
Umugani w'Abagereki wanditswe bwa mbere na Pindar mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya gatanu mbere ya Yesu uvuga ko imana Apollo yakunze umuhigi Cyrene ikamuzana muri Libiya, ari naho yabyariye umuhungu Aristaeus.Imigenzo y’amateka y’Abagereki, yavuzwe mu mateka ya Herodote no mu kinyejana cya kane mbere ya Yesu yabonetse I Cyrene, ivuga ko itsinda ry’Abagereki ba Cretan, birukanwe muri Sparta maze batura ku kirwa cya Thera, bashinze Cyrene mu mwaka wa 631 mbere ya Yesu, bayobowe na Battus wa mbere, babisabwe na Oracle ya Delphi. Imigenzo imwe n'imwe ivuga ko abimukira bavuye IThera kubera inzara, abandi kubera intambara y'abenegihugu. benshi bavuga ko abakoloni babanje gutura ku kirwa cya Aziris (iburasirazuba bwa Derna ) mbere yo kwimukira I Cyrene.Amateka y'izi nkuru ntashidikanywaho,  cyane igitekerezo cy'uko Thera yari "umujyi wa nyina wa Cyrene" wenyine. Umubano n'indi mijyi, nka Sparta na Samos,uvugwa mu nkuru zifatizo, nturamenyekana. 

Ibimenyetso by'ubucukuzi bwakuwe muri icyo kibanza, cyane cyane ibisigazwa by’ubutaka, byemeza ko gutura mu Bugereki byatangiye hagati mu kinyejana cya karindwi mbere ya Yesu. Ububumbyi bwa mbere bukomoka kuri Thera, Sparta, na Samos, ariko na Rhodes . Agace ka mbere ko guturamo kari umusozi urambuye iburasirazuba kuva Acropolis kugera Agora, ariko umujyi wagutse vuba mu burasirazuba. Ubuturo bwera bwa Apollo mu majyaruguru ya Acropolis, I Demeter mu majyepfo, na Zewusi mu burasirazuba byose bisubira mu cya karindwi cyangwa icya gatandatu mbere ya Yesu. Ubucukuzi bw'ibyataburuwe mu matongo bwerekana ko ahandi hantu henshi muri Cyrenaica, nka Apolloniya, Euesperides, na Taucheira  byatuwe icyarimwe na Cyrene.

 Amashakiro 

 https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/galleries/21-World-Heritage-Sites-you-have-probably-never-heard-of/