Ubumuga bwo kutumva

Ubumuga bwo kumva, bizwi kandi nko kutumva.  Umuntu utumva ufite ubumuga bwo kutumva. Kubura kumva bishobora kugaragara k'ugutwi kumwe cyangwa yombi. Mu bana, ibibazo byo kutumva bishobora kugira ingaruka kubushobozi bwo kwiga ururimi ruvugwa kandi mubantu bakuru bishobora guteza ingorane mubikorwa by'imibereho no kukazi. Kubura kumva bishobora kuba igihe gito cyangwa gihoraho. Kubura kumva bijyanye n'imyaka mu busanzwe bigira ingaruka kumatwi yombi kandi biterwa no gutakaza umusatsi wa cochlear. Mu bantu bamwe, cyane cyane abantu bakuze, kutumva bishobora kuvamo irungu.

Indwara yo kutumva ishobora guterwa n'impamvu nyinshi, zirimo: genetika, gusaza, guhura n'urusaku, indwara zimwe na zimwe, ingorane zavutse, ihahamuka ry'ugutwi, n'imiti imwe n'imwe cyangwa uburozi. Indwara isanzwe itera kutumva ni indwara zidakira. Indwara zimwe na zimwe mugihe utwite, nka cytomegalovirus, sifilis na rubella, nazo zishobora gutera umwana kutumva. Gutakaza kumva birasuzumwa mugihe ibizamini byo kumva bisanga umuntu ufite ubumuga bwo kutumva décibel 25 byibura ugutwi. Kwipimisha kutumva neza birasabwa kubana bavutse bose. Kubura kumva bishobora gushyirwa mubice byoroheje (25 kugeza 40 dB ), biringaniye (41 kugeza 55 dB), biringaniye bikabije (56 kugeza 70 dB), bikomeye (71 kugeza 90 dB), cyangwa byimbitse (birenze 90 dB). Hariho ubwoko butatu bwingenzi bwo kutumva: gutakaza kwumva, kubura kumva, no kutumva neza.

Hafi ya kimwe cya kabiri cyo kutumva kw'isi yose irashobora kwirindwa hifashishijwe ingamba z'ubuzima rusange. Ibikorwa nk'ibi birimo gukingira, kwita ku gutwita neza, kwirinda urusaku rwinshi, no kwirinda imiti imwe n'imwe. Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku buzima rirasaba ko urubyiruko rugabanya amajwi menshi ndetse no gukoresha amajwi bwite ku isaaha imwe ku munsi mu rwego rwo kugabanya urusaku. Kumenyekanisha hakiri kare no gushyigikirwa ni ngombwa cyane mubana. Kubikoresho byinshi byumva, ururimi rwamarenga, cochlear yatewe hamwe na subtitles ni ingirakamaro. Gusoma iminwa n'ubundi buhanga bwingirakamaro bamwe batezimbere. Kubona ibikoresho byumva, ariko, bigarukira mubice byinshi byisi.

Kugeza mu 2013 kutumva bigira ingaruka ku bantu bagera kuri miliyari 1,1 ku rugero runaka. Itera ubumuga ku bantu bagera kuri miliyoni 466 (5% by'abatuye isi), n'ubumuga buciriritse kandi bukabije ku bantu miliyoni 124. Mu bafite ubumuga buciriritse kandi bukabije miliyoni 108 baba mu bihugu byinjiza amafaranga make kandi yo hagati. Mu bafite ikibazo cyo kutumva, byatangiye mu bwana miliyoni 65. Abakoresha ururimi rw'amarenga kandi bagize umuco w'abatumva babona ko bafite itandukaniro aho kuba uburwayi. Benshi mu bagize ubumuga w’amatwi barwanya kugerageza gukiza ubumuga bwo kutumva   kandi bamwe muri bo muri uyu muryango babona ko hashyizweho cochlear bafite impungenge kuko bafite ubushobozi bwo gukuraho umuco wabo. Ijambo "kutumva" akenshi rifatwa nabi kuko ryibanda kubyo abantu badashobora gukora.

 Reba 

Category:Translated from MDWiki