Umwuzure

Umwuzure ni amazi menshi arengera ubutaka.

Mu buryo bw "amazi atemba", ijambo rishobora no gukoreshwa mugutemba kwamazi. Umwuzure uhangayikishijwe cyane n’ubuhinzi, ubwubatsi n’ubuzima rusange. Guhindura abantu kubidukikije akenshi byongera ubukana ninshuro zumwuzure. Ingero zimpinduka zabantu nimpinduka zikoreshwa mubutaka nko gutema amashyamba no gukuraho ibishanga, impinduka mumihanda y'amazi cyangwa kurwanya imyuzure nka leve. Ibibazo by’ibidukikije ku isi na byo bigira ingaruka ku bitera umwuzure, ni ukuvuga imihindagurikire y’ikirere itera kwiyongera kw’amazi n’izamuka ry’inyanja. Ibi biganisha ku myuzure ikabije no kongera ibyago by’umwuzure.

Ubwoko bw'umwuzure burimo umwuzure wo mu karere, umwuzure w’inzuzi, umwuzure wo ku nkombe n’umwuzure wo mu mijyi. Hariho kandi umwuzure nkana wubutaka ubundi bwakomeza kwuma. Ibi birashobora kubaho mubikorwa byubuhinzi, igisirikare, cyangwa imigezi. Kurugero, umwuzure wubuhinzi urashobora kugaragara mugutegura imirima yumuceri kugirango uhinge umuceri wamazi yo mumazi mubihugu byinshi.

Umwuzure urashobora kubaho nk'amazi menshi atemba ava mumazi, nk'uruzi, ikiyaga, cyangwa inyanja. Muri ibi bihe, amazi arenga cyangwa agasenya imigezi, bigatuma amwe muri ayo mazi ava mu mbago zayo zisanzwe. Umwuzure urashobora kandi kubaho kubera kwegeranya amazi yimvura kubutaka bwuzuye. Ibi byitwa umwuzure. Ingano yikiyaga cyangwa undi mubiri wamazi mubisanzwe biratandukana nimpinduka zigihe cyimvura nimvura ishonga. Izo mpinduka mubunini ariko ntizifatwa nkumwuzure keretse zuzuye imitungo cyangwa inyamaswa zo mu rugo zirohama.

Umwuzure urashobora kandi kugaragara mu nzuzi mugihe umuvuduko utemba urenze ubushobozi bwumugezi winzuzi, cyane cyane kumugezi cyangwa kugendagenda mumazi. Umwuzure ukunze kwangiza amazu nubucuruzi niba izi nyubako ziri mubibaya bisanzwe byinzuzi. Abantu barashobora kwirinda kwangirika kwinzuzi bimuka bava mumigezi. Nyamara, abantu mubihugu byinshi basanzwe babayeho kandi bakora ninzuzi kuko ubusanzwe ubutaka buringaniye kandi burumbuka. Nanone, inzuzi zitanga ingendo zoroshye no kubona ubucuruzi ninganda.

Umwuzure urashobora kwangiza umutungo kandi biganisha no ku ngaruka za kabiri. Ibi birimo mugihe gito kwiyongera kwindwara zandurira mumazi hamwe nindwara ya  urugero izo ndwara zanduzwa numubu. Umwuzure urashobora kandi gutuma abaturage bimurwa igihe kirekire. Umwuzure nigice cyo kwiga

 Ingaruka mbi 
Umwuzure urashobora kandi kuba imbaraga nini zo gusenya. Iyo amazi atemba, iba ifite ubushobozi bwo gusenya inyubako zose nibintu byose, nkikiraro, inyubako, amazu, ibiti, nimodoka. Ibyangijwe n’ubukungu, imibereho myiza n’ibidukikije ni ibintu bisanzwe byibasirwa n’imyuzure n’ingaruka imyuzure igira kuri utwo turere irashobora kuba mbi. Habayeho kwibasirwa n’umwuzure ku isi hose byangije ibikorwa remezo, ibidukikije ndetse n’ubuzima bwa muntu

Ibyago byumwuzure birashobora gusobanurwa nkibyago umwuzure utera abantu, imitungo hamwe nubutaka nyaburanga bushingiye ku byago n’intege nke. Ingano y’imyuzure irashobora guhindura ubwoko bwingamba zo kugabanya ibicuruzwa bikenewe kandi bigashyirwa mubikorwa

 Ingaruka mu bukungu 
Ingaruka zibanze zumwuzure zirimo gutakaza ubuzima no kwangiza inyubako nizindi nyubako, harimo ibiraro,

sisitemu yimyanda, umuhanda, numuyoboro. Ingaruka zubukungu zatewe numwuzure zirashobora kuba mbi.

Buri mwaka umwuzure utera ibihugu miliyari y'amadolari y’ibyangiritse byangiza imibereho yabantu
Kubera iyo mpamvu, hari n’ingaruka zikomeye z’imibereho n’ubukungu ku baturage batishoboye ku isi hose kubera umwuzure. Urugero, muri Bangaladeshi mu 2007, umwuzure wagize uruhare mu gusenya amazu arenga miliyoni. Kandi buri mwaka muri Amerika, imyuzure itera ibyangiritse birenga miliyari 7 z'amadolari

Amazi y'umwuzure ubusanzwe yuzuza ubutaka bwo guhinga, bigatuma ubutaka budakora kandi bukabuza ibihingwa guhingwa cyangwa gusarurwa, ibyo bikaba bishobora gutuma habaho kubura ibiryo haba ku bantu ndetse no ku matungo y’ubuhinzi. Ibisarurwa byose ku gihugu birashobora gutakara mugihe cyumwuzure ukabije. Ubwoko bumwebumwe bwibiti ntibushobora kubaho igihe kirekire cyumwuzure wimikorere yabyo.

 Ingaruka nziza (inyungu) 
Umwuzure (cyane cyane imyuzure ikunze kugaragara cyangwa ntoya) irashobora kandi kuzana inyungu nyinshi, nko gutuma ubutaka burumbuka no kongera intungamubiri mubutaka bumwe. Amazi y'umwuzure atanga umutungo ukenewe cyane mu turere twumutse kandi twumutse aho imvura ishobora gukwirakwizwa mu mwaka wose kandi ikica udukoko mu butaka bwo guhinga. Umwuzure w’amazi meza ugira uruhare runini mukubungabunga urusobe rwibinyabuzima muri koridoro yinzuzi kandi ni ikintu cyingenzi mu kubungabunga urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima by’imyuzure. Umwuzure urashobora gukwirakwiza intungamubiri mu biyaga no mu nzuzi, ibyo bikaba bishobora gutuma biyomasi yiyongera ndetse n'uburobyi bukaba bwiza mu myaka mike.

Ku moko amwe n'amwe y’amafi, umwuzure wuzuye urashobora kuba ahantu heza cyane ho gutera intanga hamwe n’inyamaswa nke kandi byongera intungamubiri cyangwa ibiryo. Amafi, nk'amafi yo mu kirere, akoresha imyuzure kugira ngo agere aho atuye. Umubare w’inyoni urashobora kandi kungukirwa no kongera umusaruro wibiribwa biterwa numwuzure.

Umwuzure urashobora kuzana inyungu, nko gutuma ubutaka burumbuka no kuyiha intungamubiri nyinshi. Kubera iyo mpamvu, umwuzure wabaye ingenzi mu mibereho myiza y’abaturage ba kera ku ruzi rwa Tigiri-Efurate, uruzi rwa Nili, uruzi rwa Indus, Ganges n’umugezi w’umuhondo n’abandi.
Ubushobozi bw'amashanyarazi, isoko y’ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa, nabwo buri hejuru mu turere dukunze kwibasirwa n’umwuzure.

amashakiro

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flood

MSN Encarta Dictionary, Flood Archived 2011-02-04 at the Wayback Machine, Retrieved on 2006-12-28, on 2009-10-31

Seneviratne, S.I., X. Zhang, M. Adnan, W. Badi, C. Dereczynski, A. Di Luca, S. Ghosh, I. Iskandar, J. Kossin, S. Lewis, F.  Otto, I.  Pinto, M. Satoh, S.M. Vicente-Serrano, M. Wehner, and B. Zhou, 2021: Chapter 11: Weather and Climate Extreme Events in a Changing Climate. In Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I  to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, A. Pirani, S.L. Connors, C. Péan, S. Berger, N. Caud, Y. Chen, L. Goldfarb, M.I. Gomis, M. Huang, K. Leitzell, E. Lonnoy, J.B.R.  Matthews, T.K. Maycock, T. Waterfield, O. Yelekçi, R. Yu, and B. Zhou (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, pp. 1513–1766, doi:10.1017/9781009157896.013.

"WHO | Flooding and communicable diseases fact sheet". WHO. Archived from the original on December 31, 2004. Retrieved 2021-03-28.