Marariya

Malariya iterwa na  mikorobe ngengabuzima imwe yo mu itsinda rya  Plasmodium  '. ]  imibu.     Kurumwa n'umubu byinjiza parasite biva mu mibu amacandwe mu maraso y’umuntu. ]] aho bakura kandi bakororoka. P. & nbsp; falciparum]] , mu gihe   P. & nbsp; vivax ,   P. & nbsp; ovale , na   P. & nbsp; malariya  muri rusange itera ubwoko bworoheje bwa malariya.   Ubwoko   gake gitera indwara mu bantu. -bishingiye ikizamini cyihuse cyo gusuzuma s. ct ya parasite ADN yatejwe imbere, ariko ntabwo ikoreshwa cyane mubice bikunze kurwara malariya, bitewe nigiciro cyabyo kandi bigoye.   

Ibyago byindwara birashobora kugabanuka mukurinda inzitiramubu hakoreshejwe inzitiramubu cyangwa kurwanya udukoko cyangwa hamwe na  ingamba zo kurwanya imibu nko gutera [[umuti wica udukoko] ] no kuvoma amazi ahagaze. ingano yimiti ikomatanya sulfadoxine / pyrimethamine irasabwa impinja na nyuma yigihembwe cya mbere cyo gutwita mu bice bifite malariya nyinshi. urukingo]] byagaragaye ko bigabanya ibyago byo kurwara malariya hafi 40% in abana muri Afrika. .ninde = Kamena 2022}}    Imbaraga zo guteza imbere inkingo nziza ziracyakomeza.    Ubuvuzi busabwa kuvura malariya ni  guhuza ya imiti igabanya ubukana irimo [ [artemisinin]].         Imiti ya kabiri irashobora kuba mefloquine , lumefantrine, cyangwa sulfadoxine / pyrimethamine. 92-4-154792-5 | page = ix | integuro = Icya 2}} </ref> Quinine, hamwe na doxycycline, birashobora gukoreshwa niba artemisinin idahari. > Birasabwa ko mu turere dukunze kwibasirwa n’indwara, malariya yemezwa niba bishoboka mbere yuko imiti itangira kubera impungenge zo kwiyongera kurwanya ibiyobyabwenge. <Ref name = OMS 2014 / imiti; kurugero, [ urubuga | umutwe = Urupapuro rwukuri rwa Malariya N ° 94 | url = https: //www.wowe.int/mediacentre/ibikorwa/fs094/en/ | urubuga = Ninde | -url = https: //web.archive.org/web/20140903002027/http: // www.

Indwara ikwirakwira mu turere twa  tropique na subtropical ziri mu gace kagari gakikije ekwateri.     Ibi birimo byinshi Afurika yo munsi y'Ubutayu bwa Sahara, Aziya, na Amerika y'Epfo. miliyoni zanduye malariya ku isi hose hapfa abantu bagera ku 627.000. Hafi ya 95% by'imanza n'impfu byabereye muri Afurika yo munsi y'Ubutayu bwa Sahara. Ibipimo byindwara byagabanutse kuva 2010 kugeza 2014 ariko byiyongera kuva 2015 kugeza 2020. <ref name = "who2020">  </ ref > Malariya isanzwe ifitanye isano n'ubukene kandi igira ingaruka zikomeye ku iterambere ry'ubukungu. ; miliyari ku mwaka kubera ubuvuzi bwiyongeraibiciro, gutakaza ubushobozi bwo gukora, n'ingaruka mbi mubukerarugendo. 
[

 Ibimenyetso nibibazo 
 igikumwe | kigororotse = 1.15 | Ibimenyetso nyamukuru bya malariya 
Abakuze barwaye malariya bakunda kugira ubukonje n'umuriro - mubisanzwe mugihe cyigihe  ubukana bukabije kimara amasaha atandatu, gikurikirwa nigihe cyo kubira ibyuya no kugabanya umuriro - kimwe no kubabara umutwe, umunaniro, kubura inda, na  ububabare bwimitsi.    Abana bakunda kugira ibimenyetso rusange: umuriro, inkorora, kuruka, no gucibwamo. 

Kugaragara kwa mbere kwindwara-ihuriweho nubwoko bwose bwa malariya-isa na  ibimenyetso bisa n’ibicurane,  kandi irashobora kumera nkibindi bihe nka sepsis, [ [gastroenteritis]], na indwara ya virusi s.  Ikiganiro gishobora kuba kirimo kubabara umutwe, umuriro, guhinda umushyitsi, ububabare bw'ingingo]], kuruka, anemia anemia, jaundice, [ s. 

Ikimenyetso cya mbere cya malariya ni  paroxysm - ibintu byikurikiranya byubukonje butunguranye bikurikirwa no guhinda umushyitsi hanyuma umuriro no kubira ibyuya, bibaho buri minsi ibiri ([[Umuriro # Ubwoko | . & nbsp; vivax  na  P. & nbsp; ovale  kwandura, kandi buri minsi itatu ([[Umuriro # Ubwoko Indwara ya  P.

Ibimenyetso mubisanzwe bitangira nyuma yiminsi 10-15 nyuma yo kurumwa kwinzitiramubu, ariko birashobora kubaho mugihe cyamezi menshi nyuma yo kwandura bamwe  P. vivax  ihangayikishije.

Malariya ikabije iterwa na  P. & nbsp; falciparum  (bakunze kwita malariya ya falciparum). Ibimenyetso bya malariya ya falciparum bivuka nyuma yiminsi 9-30 nyuma yo kwandura. ], conjugate gaze palsy (kunanirwa kw'amaso guhurira hamwe mu cyerekezo kimwe), [ "/>

 Ingorane 
Malariya ifite byinshi bikomeye  ingorane. Muri ibyo harimo iterambere rya ibibazo by'ubuhumekero, bibaho ku bantu bagera kuri 25% bakuze na 40% by'abana bafite malariya ikabije  P. & nbsp; falciparum  malariya. Impamvu zishobora kubaho zirimo indishyi z'ubuhumekero za aside metabolike acide, noncardiogenic pulmonary edema, ihuza umusonga, hamwe na anemia. Nubwo bidakunze kugaragara ku bana bato bafite malariya ikabije, syndrome de acute respiratory distress iboneka ku bantu 5-25% bakuze ndetse n’abagore batwite bagera kuri 29%.  Coinfection ya VIH hamwe na malariya byongera impfu.  [ kumeneka mu nkari. 

Kwandura  P. & nbsp; falciparum  bishobora kuviramo malariya yo mu bwonko, uburyo bwa malariya ikabije irimo encephalopathie. Bifitanye isano no kwera kwa retina, bishobora kuba ikimenyetso cyamavuriro mugutandukanya malariya nizindi mpamvu zitera umuriro.  An  spleen nini] ] cyangwa  byombi, kubabara umutwe cyane,  isukari nke mu maraso, na [ "Bartoloni 2012" /> Ingorane zirashobora kuba zirimo kuva amaraso bidatinze, coagulopathie, na [[gutembera kw'amaraso

 Malariya ku bagore batwite ni impamvu ikomeye itera kubyara, [ "Hartman 2010" /> cyane cyane muri  P. & nbsp; falciparum , ariko kandi hamwe na  P. & nbsp; vivax . 

 Impamvu 
Malariya iterwa no kwandura parasite s mu bwoko  Plasmodium .na | itariki = 2022-03-22 | umutwe = CDC - Malariya - Ibyerekeye Malariya - Indwara | url = https: //www.cdc.gov/malaria/about/disease.html | kwinjira-itariki = 2022-04-28 | urubuga = www.cdc.gov | ururimi = en-us}} </ref> Mu bantu, malariya iterwa n'ubwoko butandatu  Plasmodium :   P. & nbsp; falciparum ' ',' ' P. & nbsp; malariya' ',' ' ovale wallikeri]] ,   P. & nbsp; vivax  na   P. & nbsp; knowlesi . ikinyamakuru | abanditsi = Ashley EA, Pyae Phyo A, Woodrow CJ | umutwe = Malariya | ikinyamakuru = Lancet | umuzingo = 391 | ikibazo = 10130 | impapuro = 1608–1621 | itariki = Mata 2018 | pmid = 29631781 | doi = 10.1016 / S0140 -6736 (18) 30324-6 | s2cid = 208791451}} </ref> Mu banduye,  P. & nbsp; falciparum  ni ubwoko bukunze kugaragara (~ 75%) bukurikirwa na  P. & nbsp; vivax  (~ 20%).  Nubwo  P. & nbsp; falciparum  gakondo izwi ts kubantu benshi bapfa,  ibimenyetso biheruka kwerekana ko  P. & nbsp; vivax  malariya ifitanye isano nubuzima bushobora guhitana ubuzima nkigihe cyose hamwe no gusuzuma  P . kwandura falciparum . ya  Plasmodium  kuva kuri  inguge zo hejuru; icyakora, usibye  P. & nbsp; knowlesi  - ubwoko bwa  zoonotic butera malariya muri macaques  - ibi ahanini bifite ubuzima buke bwabaturage akamaro. 

[ Sporozoite itangizwa no kurumwa n'umubu. Bimukira mu mwijima, aho bagwira mu bihumbi bya merozoite. Merozoite yanduza selile yamaraso itukura kandi irigana, yanduza selile nyinshi zitukura. Udukoko tumwe na tumwe dukora gametocytes, ifatwa n'umubu, ikomeza ubuzima.

Ubusanzwe parasite itangizwa no kurumwa n  Anopheles  'umubu. Icyo izo parasite zatewe, zitwa "sporozoite s", zikora mu ruhu na lymphatique, neza na neza, ntikiramenyekana neza.    Ariko, ijanisha rya sporozoite rikurikira amaraso kugera kuri umwijima, aho bateye hepatocyte s.    Bakura kandi bagabana mu mwijima iminsi 2-10, buri hepatocyte yanduye amaherezo ibamo parasite zigera ku 40.000. uburyo butera bwa  Plasmodium  selile, bita "merozoite s" mumaraso. Mu maraso, merozoite yibasiye byihuse umuntu selile yamaraso itukura, yigana amasaha arenga 24-72 kugirango habeho merozoite nshya 16-32.  <! - Cowman ref ati "amasaha 48 . umubare wa parasite kumuntu wanduye.  Nyamara, ibyinshi muri  P. vivax  yigana biomass ya merozoite ubu (kuva 2021) izwiho kwihisha mu gihimba no mu magufa (ahari nahandi hose), bityo igashyigikira abashishoza, bamaze igihe kirekire (kuva 2011) ariko mbere birengagijwe ko inyigisho zidakwirakwizwa na merozoite ari inkomoko benshi  P. vivax  malariya yongeye kugaruka (reba igice cya "Malariya Yisubiramo" hepfo). <ref>  < igitsina gore "gametocyte s". Iyi gametocytes ikura mu igufwa ry'amagufa mu gihe cy'iminsi 11, hanyuma igasubira mu maraso kugira ngo itegereze gufatwa no kurumwa n'indi mibu.  Onc