Reading machine

Imashini yo gusoma y'abafite ubumuga n'igice cya tekinoroji ifasha ituma abafite ubumuga babona ibikoresho byandika. Isikana inyandiko, ihindura ishusho mu myandiko ikoresheje uburyo bwo kumenya imiterere ya optique kandi ikoresha synthesizer yo kuvuga kugira ngo isome ibyo yabonye.

 Iterambere 
Porotipi ya mbere y'imashini yo gusoma, yitwa optophone, yakozwe na Dr. Edmund Edward Fournier d'Albe wo muri kaminuza ya Birmingham mu mwaka 1913. Fotodetekeri eshanu zahagaritswe zikoreshwa mu gusikana umurongo winyandiko zacapwe. Buri selile yabyaye amajwi atandukanye (G, C, D, E, G8) mu gihe habonetse icapiro ryirabura, ku buryo buri nyuguti yahujwe n'igihe cyihariye gitandukanya amajwi. Hamwe n'imyitozo imwe, abakoresha abafite ubumuga bwo kutabona bashoboye gusobanura aya majwi nk'ubutumwa bufite ireme. Nyamara, umuvuduko wo gusoma wiki gikoresho watinze cyane (hafi ijambo rimwe k'umunota).  

Kuva mu mwaka 1944 kugeza mu myaka ya za 70, hakozwe prototypes nshya y'imashini yo gusoma muri Laboratoire ya Haskins ku masezerano yatanzwe n’ubuyobozi bw’abasirikare . Umushinga w'ubushakashatsi wakozwe na Caryl Parker Haskins, Franklin S. Cooper na Alvin Liberman . Kugerageza kwabo kwa mbere kunoza optophone byose byarangiye binaniwe cyangwa bitsinzwe, Cooper, FS; Gaitenby, JH; Nye, PW (May 1984). "Evolution of reading machines for the blind: Haskins Laboratories' research as a case history". Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development. 21 (1): 51–87. PMID 6396402. kandi abakoresha ntibashoboye gusoma amagambo arenga 5 k'umunota ugereranije, nubwo nyuma y'imyitozo ndende. Shankweiler, D; Fowler, CA (February 2015). "Seeking a reading machine for the blind and discovering the speech code" (PDF). History of Psychology. 18 (1): 78–99. doi:10.1037/a0038299. PMID 25528275. S2CID 2347141. Iri genzura ryatumye Liberman atekereza ko imipaka yari iy'ubwenge aho kuba tekiniki, no gushyiraho igitekerezo cye cya moteri yo kumva imvugo . Yatahuye ko ikimenyetso cy'ijambo kitigeze cyumvikana nk "" inyuguti "cyangwa" cipher "acoustic, ariko ahubwo byari" code "yerekana ibimenyetso bigaragaza imvugo, kubera guhuza ibitekerezo . Kubw'ibyo, imashini yo gusoma ntishobora guhindura gusa inyuguti zacapwe muruhererekane rw'amajwi avangitiranye, ahubwo ishobora kumenya inyuguti no gutanga amajwi y'imvugo nk'ibisohoka ukoresheje cyangwa ugaragaje imvugo ikomatanya .

Imashini ya mbere yo gusoma y'ubucuruzi bw'abafite ubumuga bwo kutabona yakozwe na (Kurzweil Computer Productsnyuma yaguzwe na Xerox Corporation) mu mwaka 1975. Walter Cronkite yakoresheje iyi mashini kugira ngo yumve umukono we, "Kandi uko ni ko bimeze, ku ya 13 Mutarama mu mwaka 1976." 

Mu myaka ya za 1960 rwagati, Francis F. Lee yinjiye mu itsinda rya Dr. Samuel Jefferson Mason 'Cognitive Information Processing Group' muri Laboratoire y’ubushakashatsi ya Electronics mu kigo cy’ikoranabuhanga cya Massachusetts kugira ngo bakore imashini isoma y'abafite ubumuga bwo kutabo, sisitemu ya mbere yari gusikana inyandiko kandi utange imvugo y'ikomezo. RLE Timeline 1960-1979 Retrieved 3 January 2015 Imashini zo gusoma neza zari zishingiye kumeza kandi ari ndende, wasangaga mu bitabo, mu mashuri, no mu bitaro cyangwa ugasanga byari bifite abakire. Mu mwaka 2009, terefone igendanwa ikoresha Kurzweil Ihuriro ry’igihugu ry’abafite ubumuga bwo kutabona ni sofutiweya ikora nk'imashini yo gusoma. 

 Amashakiro