Ubwikorezi bwa Gari ya moshi mu Rwanda

Hariho inzira nyinshi za gari ya moshi ziteganijwe mu Rwanda, harimo n'umuyoboro ugana muri Tanzaniya .   Mu mateka hari Gari ya moshi y'amateka aho hari inganda eshatu zikora gari ya moshi .

 Politiki imwe yo mu Bushinwa 
Umuryango Belt and Road Initiative, washyizwe ahagaragara na Xi Jinping mu mpera z'umwaka wo muri 2013, hanyuma uzamurwa mu ntera na Minisitiri w’intebe wi Li Keqiang ubwo yasuraga leta muri Aziya n’Uburayi. Hazashyirwaho umuhanda wa gari ya moshi uhuza Kigali, umurwa mukuru w'u Rwanda, n'icyambu cya Mombasa muri Kenya.

 Amateka 
U Rwanda rwigeze kugira batatu 600 mm nka gari ya moshi ntoya, Nta n'umwe muri ho bigeze batanga serivisi zitwara abagenzi muri gale ya Moshi.

Gari ya moshi z'inganda zakozwe mbere na:

 Société Minière de Muhinga et de Kigali, mu birombe bya (SOMUKI) Muhinga na Kigali kuva muri 1924,
 Société des mines d'etain du Ruanda-Urundi (Minétain), mu kirombe cya Katumba kuva muri 1928,
 Société des Mines de Rwanda (SOMIRWA), mu ruganda rutunganya amabati rwa Karuruma kuva muri 1982.

Kugeza muri 1988, ubwo bucuruzi ko ari butatu bwunze ubumwe nka Régie d'Exploitation et de Développement des Mines (RÉDEMI), nayo yakoraga gari ya moshi eshatu. Icyakora, mu myaka 20 yakurikiyeho gari ya moshi yangiritse cyane kubera intambara y'abenegihugu yo muri Rwanda na jenoside yo mu Rwanda . Birashoboka ko batagikora.

 Ibyifuzo 
Kuva mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cyo muri 21, hari ibyifuzo byinshi byerekeranye na gari ya moshi ihuza u Rwanda n'ibihugu duturanye. Imiyoboro ya gari ya moshi isanzwe iri hafi ya Uganda, Kenya na Tanzaniya ikoresha nka 1,000 mm 

Nko mu myaka ya za muri 1980, Umuryango w’ibibaya bya Kagera wakoze ubushakashatsi bushoboka bw’ubukungu muri gahunda ya gari ya moshi ya KBO ihuza u Burundi, u Rwanda na DRC, ariko ubwo buryo bwateganijwe ntabwo bwigeze busohora. 

Muri 2000, Isoko Rusange rya Afurika y'Iburasirazuba n'Amajyepfo (COMESA) ryatangije umushinga wa gari ya moshi wo mu biyaga bigari birimo ubwikorezi bwa gari ya moshi n'amazi ku biyaga bya Tanganyika, Kivu, na Edward bihuza u Burundi, DRC, u Rwanda, Uganda, na Zambiya . Intego yuwo mushinga kwari ukunoza umubano hagati yibiyaga bigari nu majyepfo ya Afrika 3 hamwe 6 mu miyoboro ya gari ya moshi.   COMESA yahaye komisiyo ishinzwe ubwubatsi muri Afurika yepfo, Makhosi Holdings, gukora ubushakashatsi bushoboka mu nzira nyabagendwa za gari ya moshi zo mu biyaga bigari byemeranijwe n’abanyamuryango ba COMESA. 

Icyarimwe, irindi tsinda ryaba injeniyeri bo muri Afrika yepfo ryasezeranijwe na COMESA gukora ubushakashatsi bushoboka bwo guhuza indi gari ya moshi mu Rwanda, ikora  mu majyepfo yuburasirazuba kuva Kigali kugera Isaka, aho yaba yarahujwe na metero isanzwe ya gari ya moshi ya Tanzaniya.  Kimwe na sisitemu ya gari ya moshi ya KBO, ariko, ibyifuzo bya COMESA ntabwo byashyizwe mubikorwa.

Kugeza muri 2004, ikigo gishya gishinzwe guhuza no gutwara abantu n'ibintu mu majyaruguru, gifite icyicaro i Mombasa, muri Kenya, cyateje imbere umushinga wo guhuza Kisangani na Mombasa ukoresheje umurongo mushya uva Kasese ugana Kisangani, hamwe n'imirongo yo kugaburira ihuza Kasese na Goma hanyuma ikanyura Bukavu kugera Kigali na Bujumbura.    Nyuma y'imyaka ibiri, mu nama yabereye muri Kanama 2006 n’abanyamuryango b’Urwanda rwo gukunda igihugu cy’u Rwanda, Guanzheng, wo mu ishyaka rya gikomunisiti ry’Ubushinwa, yemeje ko Repubulika y’Ubushinwa ishaka gutera inkunga ubushakashatsi ku bishoboka ko hubakwa gari ya moshi ihuza umuhanda wa gari ya moshi wa Tanzaniya ahitwa Isaka, unyura muri Kigali mu Rwanda unyura mu Burundi. 

 Gahunda ya gari ya moshi yo mu Burundi nu Rwanda yo mu 2000 
Muri 2000, u Burundi n'u Rwanda byatangaje gahunda yo kubaka umuhanda wa gari ya moshi uhuza ibihugu byabo n'umuyoboro wa gari ya moshi wa Tanzaniya, bityo ukajya ku cyambu cya Dar es Salaam cyo muri nyanja y'Abahinde .

 2006 gutinda 
Nkuko ibiro ntaramakuru by'u Rwanda bibitangaza ngo Banki Nyafurika itsura amajyambere niyo yagize uruhare mu gutinda muri 2006 kugenzura inzira y'umuhanda wa gari ya moshi iva Isaka unyura mu murwa mukuru w'u Rwanda Kigali ugana Bujumbura .  Ubushakashatsi bwambere bushoboka bwagombaga gutwara miliyoni 2.7 Nk’uko ibiro ntaramakuru by'u Rwanda bibitangaza ngo Banki Nyafurika itsura amajyambere yagombaga kuguriza 90% by'igiciro cya gari ya moshi, asigaye ikishyurwa na Tanzaniya n'u Rwanda.

Ibiro ntaramakuru by'u Rwanda byatangaje ko biteganijwe ko isosiyete y'Abahinde yitwa RITES izatwara amasezerano yo gucunga umurongo wa Isaka. 

Intumwa zaturutse muri gari ya moshi zo muri Amerika BNSF nazo zabonanye na Perezida Paul Kagame kugira ngo baganire ku nzira iva Kigali yerekeza Isaka kandi muri icyo gihe guverinoma yatangaje ko yahisemo isosiyete ikora ubujyanama mu Budage kugira ngo ikore imirimo y’icyitegererezo ku murongo w’iposita. 

 Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe n'abashinwa muri 2007 
Ubushinwa bwagize uruhare runini mu kubaka TAZARA igice cya gari ya moshi ya Tanzaniya, maze muri 2007 bukora ubushakashatsi bwo kwagura umuyoboro i Rwanda.

 Gahunda yo muri 2008 
Ku ya 26 Mutarama 2008, Perezida w'u Rwanda yatangaje gahunda ya Gari ya moshi ya BNSF yo kubaka umuhanda uva mu murwa mukuru w'u Rwanda Kigali n'umuhanda wa gari ya moshi wa Tanzaniya muri Isaka Tanzania.   Raporo zimwe zivuga ko umurongo mushya uzaba igipimo gito, kimwe n’ibindi bikorwa bya gari ya moshi ya Tanzaniya. Andi makuru avuga ko Tanzaniya yamaze gufata icyemezo cyo kuzamura umurongo wa Isaka kugera ku gipimo gisanzwe, kandi ko Isaki Kigali ihuza nayo yaba igipimo gisanzwe. Nyamara andi makuru avuga ko ukuguru kwa Isaka Rwanda kwaba kugipimo gisanzwe kandi ko imizigo ijyanwa mu bubiko butandukanye muri Isaka.

Nkuko ibiro ntaramakuru bya Reuters bibitangaza ngo imidugararo ya politiki mu baturanyi ba Kenya yahungabanije ubwizerwe bwa serivisi z’imihanda na gari ya moshi zinyura muri Kenya. Kandi umurongo w’u Rwanda watuma ubwikorezi bwa gari ya moshi bwambukiranya Kenya mu gihe ubwikorezi bwa gari ya moshi bwahungabanywa mu gihe kiri imbere. 

Biteganijwe ko gahunda iteganijwe kuzarangira muri 2013. Amafaranga ateganijwe ntaramenyekana. 

 Gahunda yo muri 2013 
Harategurwa izindi gahunda zo guhuza Uganda . http://www.railwaysafrica.com/blog/2013/10/new-railway-from-rwanda-to-uganda/

Umuhango wo gufungura muri Gushyingo 2013 umuhanda wa gari ya moshi usanzwe uva Mombasa, Kenya unyuze i Nairobi na Kampala ugana muri Rwanda n'Uburundi .  http://www.railwaysafrica.com/blog/2011/07/07/african-development-bank-grants-for-study/

 Harimo kubakwa 

 (Umuhango wo gufungura igipimo gisanzwe muri Ugushyingo 2013) Sitasiyo nshya igomba kuza nyuma yo kuzuza gari ya moshi isanzwe  
 Mombassa - icyambu
 Emali - ibitotsi bya beto 
 Nairobi - umurwa mukuru wa Kenya
 Kampala - umurwa mukuru wa Uganda
 Kigali - umurwa mukuru w'u Rwanda
 Bujumbura - uwahoze ari umurwa mukuru w'u Burundi

 Ingamba za tekinike zo kunesha igipimo 
Ku ya 31 Gicurasi 2008, hari icyifuzo cyo guhuza gari ya moshi zo mu Misiri, hari nka 1,435 mm 

 Umuhanda wa gari ya moshi n'ibihugu byegeranye 

 Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo - 1,067 mm   
 Burundi - nta gari ya moshi
 Uganda - 1,000 mm 

 Reba kandi 


 Igishushanyo mbonera cya Gari ya moshi yo muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba
 Rwanda
 Ubwikorezi mu Rwanda

 Ikarita 

 Ikarita ya Loni

 Reba 

 Inyandiko 

 Ibindi gusoma 



 Ihuza ryo hanze 

 Ikarita ya Loni y'u Rwanda
 Ikarita y’umuryango w’abibumbye
 Gariyamoshi yo muri Afrika yepfo
 Amakuru yu Rwanda kurubuga rwa gari ya moshi
Ikiciro:Ubucuruzi
Ikiciro:Ingendo
Ikiciro:Pages with unreviewed translations