Sukuma wiki

Iriburiro 
Sukuma wiki ni imboga zizwi zo mu muryango w’amashu  (Brassica oleracea).

Sukuma wiki ni izina ryahawe izo mboga risobanura ko “ zisunika iminsi”, zigatuma abantu baramuka kuko ziboneka kandi zidahenze ku badafite amafaranga menshi. Ni imboga ziboneka cyane cyane mu guhugu cya Kenya na Tanzaniya. Sukumawiki zikize ku ntungamubirikandi zikungahaye kuri Vitamini ( A, B6, C na K), imyunyungugu nka Kalisiyumu, Manganeze, Umuringa, Potasiyumu na Manyeziyumu. Sukumawiki zifitemo ibinure bike cyane ariko igice kinini cyabyo ni icyitwa Omega-3 bifitiye umubiri akamaro kanini.https://www.africanbites.com/sukuma-wiki/https://keeshaskitchen.com/kenyan-sukuma-wiki/

 Amoko ya sukumawuki 
Habaho amoko menshi ya Sukumawiki. Amababi yazo ashobora kugira ibara ry’icyatsi kibisi cyangwa idoma, akaba arambuye cyangwa yihinahinnye ku mpande. Ubwoko bumenyerewe cyane ni  ni ubufite amababi yihinahinnye ku mpande bwitwa Scots Kale ( Soma “Sikotsi Kale”) zifite amababi y’icyatsi kibisi yihinahinnye ku mpande. n’igihimba gikomeye, Sukumawiki yo mu bwoko bwa Sikotsi.https://healthiersteps.com/recipe/sukuma-wiki/

 Guhumbika 
Umurima ugomba guhingwa bwa mbere bageza hasi kugira ngo imizi izabashe gukura neza igere hasi. Ibyatsi bibi byimeza mu murima bigomba kuvanwamo. Gutegura umurima mbere ni byiza kugira ngo ibyonnyi byaba birimo byanikwe ku zuba cyangwa inyoni zibirye. Umurima ugomba kuba wumutse kugira ngo ubutaka budahinduka icyondo. Gutaba ibisigazwa by’ibihingwa byongera uburumbuke. Bongeramo ifumbire y’imborera ingana na Toni 10-30/ha mu gihe cyo gusanza ( guhinga bwa kabiri).https://lowcarbafrica.com/sukuma-wiki-kenyan-collard-greens/https://murukali.com/products/sukuma-wiki-bunch

 Guhumbika umurama 

 Humbika mu butaka bukamuye neza kandi bufite ubusharire bwa 6.5.
 Koresha Garama 45 – 50 kuri ari cyangwa ibiro 4.5 – 5 kuri hegitari
 Tera umwayi kuri cm 1.2 z’ubujyakuzimu
 Iyo umaze gutera umurama uwutwikiriza ibyatsi byumye hanyuma ukavomerera.
 Iyo ingemwe zimaze kumera barazitwikurura ariko bagakomeza kuzivomerera.https://eatwellabi.com/sukuma-wiki-east-african-braised-collard-greens/

 Gutera ingemwe mu murima 

 Gutera imbuto 

 Gemura ingemwe zifite ambabi 3 cyangwa 4
 Ingemwe ziterwa mu murima urambuye cyangwa imitabo ya m 1-1.2 z. ubugari.
 Intera isigara hagati y’ingemwe ni cm 45-60 naho hagati y’imirongo ni cm 60- 80.https://www.worldathletics.org/personal-best/lifestyle/sukuma-wiki-recipe-kenya-greens-healthy

 Kwita ku gihingwa cya Sukuma wiki 

 Ifumbire n’inyongeramusaruro 
Mu buhinzi bwa Sukumawiki, hakoreshwa ifumbire y’imborera (Toni 10-30/Ha), ishyirwamo mu gihe cyo guhinga bwa kabiri, na 130 /ha za  Ire izifasha gukura neza. Ire yagombye gushyirwamo nyuma y’iminsi 30 hashyizwemo inyongeramusaruro ku nshuro ya mbere.

 Kubagara no gusasira 
Kubagara Sukumawiki bigomba gukorwa mu buryo buhoraho kugira ngo umurima utazamo ibyatsi bibi bityo igihingwa ntigicuranwe n’ibyo byatsi bibi ibigitunga, urumuri n’amazi.

Gusasira Sukumawiki ni ngombwa mu rwego rwo kurwanya isuri, gufasha  ubutaka kugira igipimo kidahinduka cy’ubushyuhe no kugumana ubuhehere mu butaka. Gusukira byagombye gukorwa nyuma y’ibyumweru 2-3 nyuma yo kugemura. Gusukira binafasha mu gukuramo ibyatsi bibi.

 Kuhira 
Ni ngombwa cyane kuhira Sukumawiki. Kuhira ukarenza urugero cyangwa kuhiriza utuzi duke cyane byombi bishobora kwangiza Sukumawiki. Ni yo mpamvu ari ngombwa cyane ko kuvomerera bikorwa mu bihe byabugenewe. Kuvomerera kenshi n’amazi atari menshi bikenewe mu butaka bw’urusenyi. Naho kuvomerera n’amazi menshi mu bihe bitandukanyijwe n’intera nini bikenerwa mu butaka burimo ibumba.https://afrifoodnetwork.com/recipes/sukuma-wiki/

Mu gihe hategurwa gahunda yo kuvomerera ni ngombwa kumenya uko imizi ingana bikagenderwaho.  Muri rusange ingano y’imizi igereranywa n’imikurire y’igihingwa kigaragara hejuru. Imizi yinjira mu butaka ku rugero rumwe igihingwa gikura kijya ejuru.

 Ruyongobezamimero (Rhizoctonia solani) 
Ni indwara iterwa n’agahumyo ko mu butaka. Iyi ndwara ifata imbuto n’ingemwe. Imbuto zishobora kurwara mbere yo kuterwa cyangwa zageze mu butaka. Akenshi ingemwe ziba ikigina hanyuma zikuma. Uduhumyo dushobora kugaragara ku butaka hujeru dusa n’ikigina. Ibigundu byanduye bishobora kwanduza ibindi.

 Ibimenyetso by’indwara ya Ruyongobezamimero ku rugemwe rwa Sukumawiki 

 Kuyirwanya 
Randura ibigundu byamaze kwandura. Irinde ko ibisigazwa bya Sukumawiki cyangwa imboga zo mu bwoko bumwe bisigara mu murima. Simburanya ibihingwa buri myaka 4. Ubutaka bugomba guhora bukamuwemo amazi kandi bukanyuramo akayaga.https://web.archive.org/web/20230226163224/https://www.farmtofeedkenya.com/product-page/sukuma-wiki

  Ububore bw'umukara Xanthomonas campestris pv. Campestris) 
Ububore bw’umukara ni indwara ikomeye ifata amashu mu gihe cy’imvura nyinshi n’ikime. Udukoko twa bagiteri dutera ububore bw’umukara dushobora kurenza igihembwe cy’ihinga twihishe mu mbuto, mu byatsi bibi bigira indabo byimeza mu mirima y’amashu n’ibindi bihingwa byo mu muryango umwe cyangwa se mu bihingwa byafashwe bitabye mu butaka. Iyi ndwara ikunda gukara mu gihe hatose n’ubushyihe bwinshi.https://www.kenyandiasporamarket.com/product/sukuma-wiki/

 Ibimenyetso: 

 Amabara y’umuhondo, ikigina n’umukara afite ishusho ry’inyuguti ya V agaragara ku mababi.

 Ibimenyetso bya Bagiteri bigaragara ku mpande z’amababi yafashwe

 Kuyirwanya: 

 Gutera ingemwe zitarwaye;
 Kurandura ingemwe zose zafashwe n’ibisigazwa by’ibihingwa mu murima no kubitwika;

 Gutera umuti urwanya udukoko urimo umuringa ku ngemwe nzima zasigaye (urugero: Copper-oxychloride: g 250/ muri litiro 250 kuri Ha) kugira ngo urwanye ko ubwandu bwakomeza gukwira.https://www.internationalcuisine.com/kenyan-sukuma-wiki/

 Gusarura suKuma wiki 

 Sarura igihe ubona ibibabi bingana n’ikiganza cyawe.
 Hitamo ibibabi byo hagati uvuye hejuru.
 Hitamo ibibabi byoroshye.
 Umusaruro ungana na  Kg 120-140 /Ari, cyangwa Toni 12-14 / Ha.

Sarura Sukumawiki mu gitondo kare hakiriho amafu. Iyo ubushyuhe buzamutse biba bisaba ko imboga

Sukumawiki zishyirwa mu mifuka ya pulasitiki hanyuma zikabikwa mu byuma bikonjesha mu gihe cy’ icyumweru cyose.

 Gupakira 
Iyo umusaruro wa Sukumawiki upakiwe neza bifasha kuwufata neza, kuwurinda no kongera igihe umara utangiritse kandi bikawufasha kugumana ubwiza bwawo. Sukumawiki zigomba gupakirwa neza zitsindagiye mu kintu gishashemo isashi ya pulasitiki kugira ngo zigumane ubuhehere, ntizitakaze amazi menshi ngo zirabe, bityo bikazifasha kugumana ubwiza bwazo.https://web.archive.org/web/20230226163225/http://www.ehinga.org/kin/crops/kales

 Amashakiro 
Ikiciro:Imboga
Ikiciro:Ibidukikije
Ikiciro:Ibiti
Ikiciro:Imbuto