Handicap mental

handicap mental ni ubumuga bwo mu mutwe ( rimwe na rimwe bwitwa kudindira mu mutwe mu mvugo isanzwe ) ni indwara rusange igaragara mbere yo gukura, irangwa no kubura no kutamenya neza imikorere byibuze ikora . Ubumuga bwo mu mutwe bwagiye busobanurwa nk'amanota y'ubwenge (IQ) amanota 70 . . Hafi ya byose bishingiye ku kumenya, ubusobanuro burimo imikorere y'imitekerereze y'umuntu nu bushobozi bw'imikorere ijyanye nibidukikije. Uyu munsi rero, umuntu ntashobora gufatwa nkufite ubumuga bwo mu mutwe gusa kubera ko afite igipimo cy'ubwenge kiri munsi ya 70.

 Ibisobanuro 
Ishami ry'umuryango w'abibumbye ryita ku Buzima ( OMS ), mu rwego mpuzamahanga rw’indwara (en) ICD-10), risobanura ko ubumuga  ari yataye muri yombi iterambere ryo mu mutwe cyangwa iterambere ryo mu mutwe rituzuye, ryaranzwe no kudahagije kw'amashami n'urwego rusange rw'ubwenge, cyane mu bijyanye n'imikorere yo kumenya, ururimi, ubumenyi bwa moteri n'imikorere myiza  ,  .

 Imvururu zijyanye n'ubumuga bwo mu mutwe (ID) 
Izindi mvururu nyinshi n'ibibazo by'ubuzima birashobora kuba bifitanye isano nindangamuntu; neurodevelopmentali, psycho patologike by'umwihariko Buntix, W., Cans, C., Colleaux, L., Courbois, Y., Debbané, M., Desportes, V., ... & Plaisance, E. (2016). Les déficiences intellectuelles, INSERM (voir P6/1157 pages) . Inshuro zibi by'iyongera hamwe nuburemere bw'indangamuntu kandi biratandukana ukurikije etiologiya y'indangamuntu: syndromes zimwe zirangwa nibibazo byihariye byubuvuzi, bisaba gukurikirana ubuvuzi buhagije  .

 Ibimenyetso n'ibimenyetso 
Ibimenyetso n'ibimenyetso byose biri ku rwego rw'imyitwarire. Umubare munini wa bantu bafite ubumuga bwo mu mutwe ntibagaragaza m'uburyo bw'ubwenge bwabo, cyane iyo gutinda guterwa n ibidukikije nk'imirire mibi cyangwa uburozi bwangiza .

Abana bafite ubumuga bwo mu mutwe bashobora kwiga guhagarara, gukurura, kugenda cyangwa kuvuga, no kurusha abandi bana  . Abana ndetse n'abantu bakuru bafite ubumuga bwo mu mutwe bashobora kwerekana byinshi mu bintu bikurikira bikurikira :

 reba 

Ikiciro:Ubu
Ikiciro:Rwanda

 Human rights and legal status 

Amategeko afata abantu bafite ubumuga bwo mu mutwe (intellectual disabilities) mu buryo butandukanye n’abatabufite. Uburenganzira bwa muntu n’ubwisanzure bwabo harimo uburenganzira bwo gutora, gukora ubucuruzi, gusinya amasezerano, gushyingirwa, no kubona uburezi  akenshi buragabanyirizwa cyangwa bukagenerwa imipaka.

Inkiko zimwe zemeje zimwe muri izo mbogamizi, ariko zanasanze hari izindi ziganisha ku ivangura.

Amasezerano y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ku burenganzira bw’abantu bafite ubumuga (UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities) ashyiraho amategeko fatizo agenga uburenganzira bwabo, kandi amaze kwemezwa n’ibihugu birenga 180.

Mu bihugu bimwe byo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika  ndetse no muri bimwe mu bihugu by’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi, abantu bafite ubumuga bwo mu mutwe babuzwa gutora.   

Urukiko rw’Uburayi rw’Uburenganzira bwa Muntu (European Court of Human Rights) mu rubanza Alajos Kiss v. Hungary (2010) rwafashe umwanzuro uvuga ko Hongiriya itemerewe kubuza abantu gutora ishingiye gusa ku kuba barashyizwe mu murage w’ubwishingizi (guardianship) kubera ubumuga bwo mu mitekerereze.