Ostrich

OSTRICH cyangwa se OTRICHE iri mu bwoko bw'inyoni ariko zitaguruka Hariho amoko abiri ya ostrich: imbuni isanzwe, ikomoka mu bice binini byo muri Afurika yo munsi y'Ubutayu bwa Sahara na ostrich yo muri Somaliya, ikomoka mu ihembe rya Afurika .  Imbuni isanzwe nayo yakomokaga mu mateka y’Abarabu, kandi imbuni zari zihari muri Aziya kugera mu burasirazuba bwa Mongoliya mu gihe cya Late Pleistocene ndetse bikaba bishoboka ko na Holocene . Batera amagi manini yinyamaswa nzima. Nubushobozi bwo kwiruka kuri 70 km / h (43.5 mph), ni inyoni zihuta ku butaka. Bahingwa ku isi hose, cyane cyane ku mababa yabo kuko akoreshwa nk'imitako hamwe n'umukungugu w'amababa. Uruhu rwabo rukoreshwa no mubicuruzwa byuruhu. Ninyoni nzima ziremereye.

 amateka 
Ubwoko bwa Struthio bwasobanuwe bwa mbere na Carl Linnaeus mu 1758. Ubwoko bwakoreshejwe na Linnaeus hamwe nabandi bashinzwe imisoro yo hambere kugirango bashyiremo emu, rhea, na cassowary, kugeza igihe buri wese yashyizwe muri genera ye. Gray, George Robert (1855). Catalogue of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds contained in the British Museum. London, UK: Taylor and Francis. p. 109. Imbuni yo muri Somaliya ( Struthio molybdophanes ) iherutse kumenyekana nk'ubwoko butandukanye n'abayobozi benshi, mu gihe abandi bakomeje gusuzuma ibimenyetso.  

 Ubwihindurize 
Itsinda ry’inyoni za paleognath zagaragaye bwa mbere mu gihe cya mbere ya Eocène, kandi rikubiyemo uburyo butandukanye bwagaragaye hirya no hino mu gice cy’amajyaruguru. Abavandimwe ba hafi ba Struthionidae muri Struthioniformes ni Ergilornithidae, izwi kuva nyakwigendera Eocene kugeza Pliocene yo muri Aziya. Birashoboka cyane rero ko Struthionidae yakomotse muri Aziya. 

ubushakashatsi bugaragaza ko ubusanzwe Ostrich ikomoka muri afrika. Hagati ya Miocene hagati (5–13 mya) bari bakwirakwiriye kandi bakwira hose muri Aziya.  Nubwo isano iri hagati y’ibinyabuzima byo muri Afurika bigereranijwe neza, amoko menshi yo muri Aziya ya ostrich yavuzwe mu bisigazwa by’ibice, kandi imikoranire yabo n’uburyo bifitanye isano n’inyoni nyafurika biteye urujijo. Mu Buhinde, Mongoliya n'Ubushinwa, imbuni zizwiho kuba zarazimye gusa, cyangwa na nyuma yazo , igihe cy'imvura iheruka ; amashusho ya ostriche yabonetse kera mububumbyi bwabashinwa na petroglyphs .  

 Ikwirakwizwa n'aho ziba 
Muri iki gihe, imbuni ziboneka gusa mu gasozi muri Afurika.  Imbuni yo muri Somaliya iboneka mu ihembe rya Afurika, imaze guhinduka itandukanijwe na ostrich isanzwe hamwe n'inzitizi zishingiye ku turere. Mu turere tumwe na tumwe, ubwoko bwa ostrich busanzwe bwa Masai buboneka hamwe na ostrich yo muri Somaliya, ariko ntibirinda kuvangwa n’imyitwarire itandukanye n’ibidukikije.  Inkongoro z'Abarabu muri Aziya Ntoya na Arabiya zahigwaga kugira ngo zirimbuke hagati mu kinyejana cya 20, kandi muri Isiraheli bagerageza kwinjiza imbuni zo muri Afurika y'Amajyaruguru kugira ngo zuzuze uruhare rw’ibidukikije byarananiranye.  Guhunga imbuni isanzwe muri Ositaraliya yashyizeho abaturage.   

 Ubwoko 
Muri 2008 ubwoko bwa Orientornis .  Amoko atatu y’inyongera, S. pannonicus, S. dmanisensis, na S. transcaucasicus, yimuriwe mu bwoko bwa Pachystruthio mu 2019.  Ibindi binyabuzima byinshi byiyongera ni ichnotaxa. kandi guhuza kwabo n’ibivugwa mu magufa atandukanye birahari kandi bikeneye gusubirwamo mu gihe hagitegerejwe ibintu byiza byinshi. 

 Kera
 Bar Struthio barbarus Arambourg 1979
 † Struthio brachydactylus Burchak-Abramovich 1939 (Pliocene wo muri Ukraine)
 R Struthio chersonensis (Brandt 1873) Lambrecht 1921 (Pliocene yo mu Burayi bwa SE kugeza WC Aziya) - oospecies
 † Struthio coppensi Mourer-Chauviré n'abandi. 1996 (Miocene yo hambere ya Elizabethfeld, Namibiya)
 † Struthio daberasensis Pickford, Senut & Dauphin 1995 (Kera - Hagati ya Pliocene yo muri Namibiya) - oospecies
 Struthio kakesiensis Harrison & Msuya 2005 (Pliocene Yambere ya Laetoli, Tanzaniya) - oospecies
 † Struthio karingarabensis Senut, Dauphin & Pickford 1998 (Late Miocene - Pliocene yo hambere ya SW na CE Afrika) - oospecies (? )
 † Struthio orlovi Kuročkin & Lungo 1970 (Late Miocene wa Moldaviya)thumb|Oudtshoorn Ostrich Farm thumb|Struthio camelus camelus† Struthio wimani Lowe 1931 (Pliocene yo hambere y'Ubushinwa na Mongoliya)
 Late Pleistocene – Holocene
 † Struthio asiaticus Brodkorb 1863, imbuni yo muri Aziya (Pliocene Yambere - Holocene Yambere yo muri Aziya yo Hagati kugeza mu Bushinwa? Na Maroc)
 Ingamiya ya Struthio, imbuni isanzwe
 Struthio camelus camelus, imbuni yo muri Afrika ya ruguru
 Struthio camelus massaicus, Masai ostrich
 Struthio camelus australis, imbuni yo muri Afrika yepfo
 † Struthio camelus syriacus, imbuni y'Abarabu
 Struthio molybdophanes, ostrich yo muri Somaliya