Ishyaka FPR - Inkotanyi

Ishyska cya FPR - Inkotanyi , FPR  ni ishyaka rya politiki riri ku butegetsi mu Rwanda . Iyobowe na Perezida Paul Kagame, iryo shyaka ryayoboye igihugu kuva aho umutwe waryo witwaje intwaro watsinze ingabo za leta, utsinda intambara yo mu Rwanda mu 1994 .

Kuva muri 1994, ishyaka ryategetse u Rwanda hakoreshejwe amayeri yaranzwe n'ubutegetsi .   Amatora y'akoreshwa mu buryo butandukanye, burimo kubuza amashyaka atavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi, gufata cyangwa kwica abanegura, n’uburiganya bw’amatora . 

 Amateka 

 Ihuriro ry’u Rwanda ku bumwe bw’igihugu 
Nyuma y’ihirikwa rya Idi Amin muri 1979, abanyabwenge b’impunzi b’abatutsi muri Uganda bashinze umuryango wa mbere w’impunzi za politiki muri ako karere, Umuryango w’abanyarwanda uharanira ubumwe bw’igihugu ( RANU ), kugira ngo baganire ku kugaruka mu Rwanda. Nubwo ahanini ari ihuriro ry’ibiganiro by’ubwenge, ryabaye abarwanyi nyuma y’amatora ya Milton Obote yo muri 1980 bituma impunzi nyinshi z’abatutsi zifatanya na Yoweri Museveni mu ntambara yo muri Uganda . Mu gusubiza, Obote yamaganye ingabo z’igihugu zishinzwe kurwanya Museveni ( NRA ) zigizwe na Banyarwanda . Kugerageza guhatira impunzi zose z’abatutsi mu nkambi z’impunzi muri Gashyantare muri 1982 byatumye habaho isuku ryinshi, bituma impunzi 40.000 zisubira mu Rwanda. U Rwanda rwatangaje ko rwemera 4000 gusa muri bo nk'Abanyarwanda, mu gihe Uganda yatangaje ko bazasubiza 1000 . Abandi bagera 35000 basigaye basigaye mu gihirahiro cyemewe n’akarere k’umupaka kamaze imyaka, aho abasore benshi b’impunzi bagiye bajya muri NRA . Mahmood Mamdani (2002) When Victims Become Killers: Colonialism, Nativism, and the Genocide in Rwanda, Princeton University Press, pp168–169

Babiri mu barwanyi bagize uruhare mu gitero cy'a NRA mu 1981 cyabereye i Kabamba cyatangiye intambara ni impunzi z'abatutsi: Fred Rwigyema na Paul Kagame, bakuriye hamwe mu nkambi y'impunzi ya Kahunge kandi bombi bari abanyamuryango ba RANU. Igihe NRA yatsinze yinjira i Kampala muri 1986, hafi kimwe cya kane cy’abarwanyi bayo 16.000 bari Banyarwanda, naho Rwigeyema yari umuyobozi wungirije . Guverinoma ya Museveni imaze gushingwa, Rwigyema yagizwe minisitiri w’ingabo wungirije n’umuyobozi mukuru w’ingabo, aba uwa kabiri nyuma ya Museveni mu mutwe wa gisirikare uyobora igihugu. Kagame yagizwe umuyobozi w'agateganyo w'ubutasi bwa gisirikare. Impunzi z'abatutsi zagize umubare utagereranywa w'abasirikare ba NRA kubera ko bari barinjiye mu myigaragambyo hakiri kare bityo bakaba bariboneye uburambe. Mamdani, pp172–173

Ibyo abanyarwanda mu ntambara yahise imenyekana na guverinoma nshya. Amezi atandatu nyuma yo gufata ubutegetsi, Museveni yahinduye ubutegetsi bwemewe n’imyaka myinshi atangaza ko abanyarwanda bari batuye muri Uganda azahabwa ubwenegihugu nyuma y’imyaka 10. Ukuboza 1987, RANU yakoresheje kongere yayo ya karindwi i Kampala maze yiyita Front Patriotic Front ; FPR nshya, yiganjemo abahoze mu ntambara y'abanyarwanda, yari abarwanyi cyane kuruta RANU yambere. Mamdani, pp172–173

 Imbere yo gukunda igihugu 

 Intambara y'abanyagihugu 
Ku ya 1 Ukwakira 1990, FPR iyobowe na Jenerali Majoro Fred Gisa Rwigyema yinjiye mu Rwanda, itangiza intambara yo kubohora igihugu. Igitero cya FPR cyabanje gutsinda, nubwo Rwigema yapfuye azize amasasu ku ya 2 Ukwakira.  Icyakora, ingabo za FAR zahawe ubufasha n'Ububiligi, Ubufaransa na Zayire kandi mu gihe cy'ukwezi kumwe zongeye gufata ingamba, bituma FPR isubira muri Uganda . Aimable Twagilimana (2007) Historical Dictionary of Rwanda, Scarecrow Press, p204

Paul Kagame, wakoraga amasomo ya gisirikare muri Amerika, yagarutse kuyobora FPR. Nyuma yaho, FPR yitabaje ibitero by'inyeshyamba, yibanda ku turere twa Byumba na Ruhengeri, Aimable Twagilimana (2007) Historical Dictionary of Rwanda, Scarecrow Press, p204 yigarurira igice kinini cy'amajyaruguru y'igihugu mu 1992 . Arthur S Banks, Thomas C Miller, William R Overstreet & Judith F Isacoff (2009) Political Handbook of the World 2009, CQ Press, p1125 Amaherezo imishyikirano hagati ya FPR na guverinoma yu Rwanda yatumye hasinywa amasezerano ya Arusha muri 1993, bituma abakozi ba FPR n’izindi mpunzi bemerewe gusubira mu gihugu. [10]

Imirwano yatangiye ku ya 6 Mata 1994 ubwo indege ya Perezida Juvénal Habyarimana yaraswaga hafi y’ikibuga cy’indege cya Kigali, ikamwica hamwe na Cyprien Ntaryamira, perezida w’Uburundi. Kugeza ubu ntiharamenyekana uwagabye icyo gitero ; FPR yashinje intagondwa z'Abahutu muri guverinoma y'u Rwanda, mu gihe guverinoma yavugaga ko FPR ari yo nyirabayazana w'icyo gitero. Hutus 'killed Rwanda President Juvenal Habyarimana' BBC News, 12 January 2010 Ihanurwa ry'indege ryabaye umusemburo wa jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu 1994, yatangiye mu masaha make. Mu gihe cy’iminsi igera ku 100, hishwe abatutsi bagera kuri miliyoni irenga 1.000.000, babitegetswe na guverinoma y’agateganyo yiyise iy'abatabazi iyobowe na Kambanda Jean.  

Intsinzi ya FPR yarangiye ubwo Kigali yafatwaga ku ya 4 Nyakanga ndetse n'igihugu cyose ku ya 18 Nyakanga. FPR yacitsemo ibice mu mutwe wa politiki wagumanye izina rya FPR, n'iy'abasirikare, bitwaga Ingabo z'igihugu zo mu Rwanda ( ubu ni ingabo z'u Rwanda ).

 Imiyoborere nyuma y'intambara mu Rwanda 
FPR imaze kwigarurira igihugu, mu 1994, yashyizeho guverinoma y’ubumwe bw’igihugu iyobowe na Perezida Bizimungu Pasteur aho Paul Kagame yabaye umukuru w'ingabo. 

Muri Gashyantare 1998 , Kagame yatorewe kuba perezida wa FPR , asimbuye Alexis Kanyarengwe, naho muri Werurwe 2000 aba perezida w’igihugu . Arthur S Banks, Thomas C Miller, William R Overstreet & Judith F Isacoff (2009) Political Handbook of the World 2009, CQ Press, p1125 Nyuma ya referendumu y’itegeko nshinga muri 2003 , Kagame yatorewe kuba perezida n'amajwi 95 % . FPR yashinze ihuriro n’amashyaka mato mato, yabonye amajwi 74 % mu matora y’abadepite yo muri 2003, yatsindiye imyanya 40 kuri 53 yatowe mu mutwe w’abadepite .  Ihuriro ryatsindiye imyanya 42 mu matora y’abadepite yo muri 2008, Kagame yongeye gutorerwa kuba perezida muri 2010 n'amajwi 93 % . Amatora y’abadepite 2013 yagaragaje ko ihuriro riyobowe na FPR ryatsindiye imyanya 41.

 Amateka y'amatora 

 Amatora ya Perezida 
Amatora Umukandida w'ishyaka Amajwi % Igisubizo 2003 Paul Kagame 3,544.777 95.06% Yatowe  2010 4,638.560 93.08% Yatowe 2017 6,675.472 98,80% Yatowe 

 Amatora y'Umutwe w'Abadepite 
Amatora Umuyobozi w'ishyaka Amajwi % Intebe + / − Guverinoma 2003 Paul Kagame 2.774.661 73,78% 33 leta ishyize hamwe 2008 3,655.956 78,76% 3 leta ishyize hamwe 2013 76.22% 1 leta ishyize hamwe 2018 4,926.366 73,95% 1 leta ishyize hamwe

 Reba 

 Ibindi gusoma 

 Ihuza ryo hanze 

 Urubuga rwemewe
Ikiciro:Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994
Ikiciro:Amashyaka ya politiki mu Rwanda
Ikiciro:Pages with unreviewed translations