Ubuhinzi bw'urutoki

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Ubuhinzi bw’urutoki bumwinjiriza asaga igice kirenga  cya miliyoni mu kwezi. Dufite ibitoki biribwa, ibyengwamo imitobe n'inzoga, ibyikuzwa n'imishabi. Amoko y'insina zihingwa arimo aya gakondo atanga umusaruro muke, n'amoko ya kijyambere atanga umusaruro mwiza kandi akihanganira indwara n'ibyonnyi.https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuhinzi/ubuhinzi/Yatejwe-imbere-n-ubuhinzi-bw-urutokihttp://197.243.22.137/nozubu/fileadmin/user_upload/TUBURA/urutoki_-_production.pdf 

1. Amoko y'insina za kijyambere

2.  Amoko ya gakondo

 Gutegura umurima w'ibitoki 

 Gushyiraho uburyo bwo kurwanya isuri
 Kurima bwa mbere bakuramo ibyatsi bibi;
 Guhinga bwa kabiri baringaniza ubutaka ngo bwakire imibyare.

 Gutegura umwobo wo guteramo: Umwobo wo guteramo wagombye kugira nibura m 0.6 z'ubujyakuzimu na  m 0.9 z'umurambararo. Ubutaka bwiza bwo hejuru busubizwa mu mwobo bukavangwa n'ifumbire y'imborera.

 Guhitamo imibyare : 

 Gutegura umwobo wo guteramo nk'uko byavuzwe haruguru 

 Guhitamo imibyare: imibyare myiza ni ifite uburebure kuva kuri m 1.8 kugeza kuri m 2.1 kandi inanutse, amababi asongoye nk'inkota, n'ubwo imibyare mito cyane ari yo yakabaye myiza niba nyina ifite ubuzima bwiza.
 Igihe umubyare ugifashe kuri nyina, bawukuraho bakase n'imbaraga  bajyana hasi bakoresheje igitiyo gisukuye. Barandurana n'igice gihagije cy'ubutaka bwo munsi n'imizi ifashe ku mubyare.
 Inguri idafite imibyare igaragara bashobora kuyikatamo uduce. Buri gace gafite umumero karashyira kakavamo umubyare ariko ibi bitwara igihe kinini, icyiza ni ugukoresha umubyare.
 Gukata ibice by'umubyare byapfuye, ibyariwe n'udukoko, ibyaboze n'ibyahinduye ibara

Niba umubyare warononekaye hafi ya wose, ushyirwa kure y'indi hanyuma bagashaka ibindi bikoresho by'ubuhinzi.

 Gusukura insina yo gutera no kuyitera: 

 Gushyushya amazi akagera kuri dogere 50oC
 Nyuma y'ibyo, kuzimya umuriro no gushyira inguri muri ya mazi mu gihe cy'iminota  20

Kuzuza ubutaka bwiza mu mwobo. Gusiga umwanya wa sentimetero nkeya hejuru kugira ngo amazi yinjiremo.

 Ubusharire bwiza mu butaka bwakira insina ni uburi hagati ya  5.5 na 7.  Ubusharire bugeze kuri 7.5 cyangwa hejuru yaho bishobora kwangiza insina.
 Gushyira umubyare mu butaka bushya uhagaze.  Wagombye guterwa rwagati mu mwobo mu burebure bwa sentimetero 20.

 Kwita ku gihingwa cy'ibitoki 

 Kubagara: 
Gukuramo ibimera cyangwa ibindi byatsi bibi byimejeje mu murima, kureba neza niba ifumbire  yakoreshejwe ku gihingwa yaragize umumaro , kurwanya ibisambo n'indwara.

 Gusasira (kongeraho ubutaka) nabyo birinda umurima kurumba n`uburwayi.https://umuryango.rw/amakuru/mu-rwanda/ubukungu/article/gisagara-rwagasana-yinjiza-ibihumbi-300-buri-kwezi-abikesha-urutoki

 Kwicira: 
Gukuraho amakoma yapfuye n'insina zapfuye,  kubicamo uduce bigakikizwa ku bihingwa bizima. Ibindi bisigazwa byo mu murima n'ivu ry`ibiti nabyo bishobora kongerwaho bikongerera ubutaka uburumbuke.

 Mu gihe insina imaze gukura ikaba ifite imibyare myinshi, yikureho yose usigaze   umwe kugira ngo umusaruro utubuke n'ubuzima bw'insina bube bwiza.
 Gukata byose hagasigara umubyare uringaniye  n'ubutaka no  gutwikira ubutaka ku mubyare. Gusubiramo icyo gikorwa ukata cyane mu bujyakuzimu mu gihe byongeye kumera.
 Umubyare urokotse ni wo usimbura nyina iyo umaze gutanga umusaruro w'igitoki.
 Hari ubwo habaho irengayobora insina zifite ubuzima bwiza zikagira abana babiri.https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/uko-mukanka-yaretse-ubwarimu-agahinga-urutoki-asaruramo-toni-enye-mu-kwezi/

 Gufumbira urutoki 
Gukoresha inyongeramusaruro, ikimoteri, imborera cyangwa imvange yibi byose. Kongeramo inyongeramusaruro ako kanya nyuma yo gutera ku muzenguruko umwe w` igihingwa cy'insina icyo gikorwa kigasubirwamo buri kwezi.

 Ubusanzwe  ifumbire mvaruganda igaragazwa n'ikimenyetso cy'inyuguti 3 (N-P-K) cyerekana ingano y'imyunyungugu ya Azote, Potasiyumu na Fosifore irimo. Insina zisaba urugero ruri hejuru rwa Potasiyumu ariko indi myunyu na yo ifite akamaro. Ushobora gukoresha ifumbire ifite imyunyu igereranyije ( uko ari itatu ku rugero rwenda kungana) cyangwa ugakoresha ifumbire iziba icyuho kiri mu butaka bwawe.
 Nta gukoresha ifumbire yakozwe mu byumweru bike bishize kuko ubushyuhe buturuka ku kubora bushobora kwangiza insina.
 Mu gihe udafire imborera wakoresha amakoma y'insina cyangwa ibindi byatsi bishobora kubora vuba.https://kiny.taarifa.rw/kirehe-bamenye-uburyo-bwiza-bwo-guhinga-urutoki/

 Kuhira: 

 Kuhira kenshi ariko ukirinda gukabya
 Kubura amazi ni impamvu rusange ituma insina zipfa ariko gukabya kuvomerera bishobora gutera kubora kw'imizi.
 Iyo insina zitewe mu gihe nta mvura igwa, ushobora kovomerera buri munsi ariko mu gihe igice cy`ubutaka cyo hejuru kingana na cm 1.5 – 3 cyumagaye.
 Gabanya urugero rw'amazi wakoreshaga uko uvomereye mu gihe igihingwa kimaze igihe kinini mu mazi ( ibyo bishobora gutuma imizi ibora).
 Mu gihe kiza, mu gihe insina ari bwo zikimera, ushobora gukenera kuvomerera rimwe mu cyumweru cyangwa mu byumweru bibiri. Ibuka gucunga ko ubutaka butota.
Amakoma afasha kurwanya gutota bikabije ni yo mpamvu ugomba kwitonda ntutose igihingwa kikiri gito kitarazana amakoma.https://www.igihe.com/ubukungu/iterambere/ibanga-ryo-gufata-neza-urutoki-no-kweza-binini

 Gusasira: 
Gusasira ni ugukoresha ibikoresho byumutse mu gutwikira ubutaka. Bifasha kugumisha  ububobere mu butaka, bikagabanya isuri y'ubutaka, bigakuraho kumera kw'ibyatsi bibi bikanazanira ubutaka ifumbire igihe bimaze kubora.

 Ibyiza byo gusasira ni ibihe? 

 Gusasira bituma ubutaka bwo munsi bumara igihe kinini buhehereye kuruta iyo ubutaka budatwikiriye.
 Bifasha guhangana n'isuri bigabanya ubukana bw'ibitonyanga by'imvura bikanatuma amazi atemba agenda gahoro.
 Bikuraho kumera kw'ibyatsi bibi bibyumisha

 Ibibi byo gusasira? 

 Bisaba umukozi uhoraho ukora ako kazi 

 Bishobora kuzanira ubutaka ibyomyi n'indwara
 Ibikoresho byo gusasira bishobora kubura bityo bigatuma ubutaka bwuma.

 Uko bikorwa: 

 Kujyana mu murima ibikoresho ushaka gukoresha nk'isaso
 Kubisanza ku butaka ukoresheje intoki cyangwa igikoresho cyo mu buhinzi gifite amenyo menshi magufi bita rato (rateau). Gushyiraho isaso ireshya na cm 7-15 uvuye ku butaka cyangwa izengurutse insina.
 Nta gushyiraho isaso nyinshi irenga ku nsina cyangwa ituma zitagaragara neza.
 Gukoresha ibishishwa byumye bitabora vuba

 Gukuraho umwanana: 

 Bikorwa ryari 

 Igihe amabere y'igitoki yamaze kuza hanze yose, bakuraho umwanana. 

 Kubera iki 

 Gukuraho umwanana birinda insina indwara ya kirabiranya y'urutoki (BXW)
 Igitoki gikura neza iyo umwanana wakuweho.http://radiotv10.rw/bugesera-umuhinzi-yeza-urutoki-ariko-umusaruro-we-akanga-kuwugurisha-ukaborera-mu-murima/https://web.archive.org/web/20230226172326/https://ibicu.com/rutsiro-abagizi-ba-nabi-bitwikiriye-ijoro-batema-urutoki-rwumuturage/

 REBA 
Ikiciro:Urutoki
Ikiciro:Ubuhinzi

Ikiciro:Ibidukikije
Ikiciro:Ibiti
Ikiciro:Ibiribwa