Kubungabunga ibidukikije

Kurengera ibidukikije nigikorwa cyo kurengera ibidukikije kubantu, imiryango na leta.  

ubwiyongere bwabaturage n’ikoranabuhanga, ibidukikije bigenda byangirika, rimwe na rimwe burundu. Ibi byaramenyekanye, kandi guverinoma zatangiye gushyiraho imipaka ku bikorwa byangiza ibidukikije . Kuva mu myaka ya za 1960, ibikorwa by’ibidukikije byatumye abantu bamenya ibibazo byinshi by’ibidukikije . 

 Uburyo bwo kurengera ibidukikije 

 Amasezerano y’ibidukikije ku bushake 
Mu bihugu by’inganda, amasezerano y’ibidukikije ku bushake akenshi atanga urubuga ku masosiyete  Urugero, mu Buhinde, Ikigo gishinzwe guteza imbere ibidukikije (EIT) cyakoraga mu kurengera ibidukikije n’amashyamba kuva mu 1998. Karamanos, P., Voluntary Environmental Agreements: Evolution and Definition of a New Environmental Policy Approach. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 2001. 44(1): p. 67-67-84. Mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere, nka Amerika y'Epfo, aya masezerano akoreshwa cyane mu gukemura urwego rukomeye rwo kutubahiriza amabwiriza ateganijwe.

 Ibinyabuzima byegereye 
Byaba byiza, inzira yo gufata ibyemezo muri ubwo buryo yaba inzira yo gufatanya mugutegura no gufata ibyemezo birimo uruhare runini rwabafatanyabikorwa mu nzego zose za leta zibishinzwe, ndetse n’abahagarariye inganda, amatsinda y’ibidukikije, n’abaturage. Ubu buryo bushyigikira cyane guhanahana amakuru, guteza imbere ingamba zo gukemura amakimbirane no kubungabunga ibidukikije mu karere. Amadini nayo agira uruhare runini mu kubungabunga ibidukikije. 

 Amasezerano mpuzamahanga y’ibidukikije 
Impamvu, ibihugu byinshi bigerageza gukora amasezerano asinywa na guverinoma nyinshi zo gukumira ibyangiritse cyangwa gucunga ingaruka z’ibikorwa by’abantu ku mutungo kamere. Ibi birashobora kuba bikubiyemo amasezerano agira ingaruka nkikirere, inyanja, inzuzi n’umwanda . Aya masezerano mpuzamahanga y’ibidukikije rimwe na rimwe ni itegeko ryubahiriza amategeko rifite aho rihurira n’amategeko iyo ridakurikijwe, kandi mu bindi bihe. Aya masezerano afite amateka maremare hamwe n’amasezerano mpuzamahanga yashyizweho kuva mu 1910 mu Burayi, Amerika na Afurika . Mitchell, R.B., International Environmental Agreements: A Survey of Their Features, Formation, and Effects. Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 2003. 28(1543-5938, 1543-5938): p. 429-429-461.

Ku ya 8 Ukwakira 2021, Akanama k'umuryango w’abibumbye gashinzwe uburenganzira bwa muntu. Mu cyemezo 48/13, Inama Njyanama yahamagariye ibihugu byo ku isi gukorera hamwe, hamwe n’abandi bafatanyabikorwa, gushyira mu bikorwa uburenganzira bushya bwemewe. 

 Guverinoma 

 Tanzaniya 
Amategeko shingiro menshi yemera ko Tanzaniya ifite bimwe mu binyabuzima binini by’ibihugu byose bya Afurika. Hafi 40% yubutaka bwashyizweho murusobe rwibice bikingiwe, harimo na parike nyinshi zigihugu.  Impungenge z’ibidukikije zirimo kwangiza urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima no gutakaza aho gutura biturutse ku bwiyongere bw’abaturage, kwagura ubuhinzi butunzwe n’umwanda, 


 Ubushinwa 
kubunga bunga ibidukikije mugihugu cy'ubushinwa byatewe inkunga bwa mbere n’inama y’umuryango w’abibumbye y’ibidukikije ku 1972 yabereye i Stockholm, muri Suwede.Inama y’igihugu yatangaje ko kurengera ibidukikije bizaba imwe muri politiki y’ibanze y’Ubushinwa maze mu 1984 hashyirwaho ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe kurengera ibidukikije (NEPA). Nyuma y’umwuzure ukabije w’ikibaya cy’uruzi rwa Yangtze mu 1998, NEPA yazamuwe mu kigo cya Leta gishinzwe kurengera ibidukikije (SEPA) bivuze ko kurengera ibidukikije ubu byashyizwe mu bikorwa ku rwego rwa minisitiri. Muri 2008, SEPA yamenyekanye ku izina ryayo rya Minisiteri ishinzwe kurengera ibidukikije muri Repubulika y’Ubushinwa (MEP). 

 Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’i Burayi 
Kurengera ibidukikije byabaye umurimo w'ingenzi ku bigo by’Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi nyuma y’amasezerano ya Maastricht yo kwemeza Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi n’ibihugu byose bigize uyu muryango. Umuryango w'ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi ukora cyane mu bijyanye na politiki y’ibidukikije.

 Irilande 
(EPA)ni ikigo gishinzwe kurengera ibidukikije mur Irilande gifite imirimo myinshi yo kurengera ibidukikije, hamwe n’inshingano z’ibanze zirimo: 

 Uburasirazuba bwo hagati 
Ibihugu byo mu burasirazuba bwo hagati bihinduka mu bikorwa bihuriweho n’ibidukikije bya kisilamu, byatangijwe mu 2002,ibihugu bigize uyu muryango byinjira mu nama y’abaminisitiri b’ibidukikije bya kisilamu mu myaka ibiri, byibanda ku kamaro ko kurengera ibidukikije n’iterambere rirambye. 

 Uburusiya 
Mu Burusiya, kurengera ibidukikije ni bimwe mubigize umutekano w'igihugu. Minisiteri y’umutungo kamere n’ibidukikije n’urwego rwa Leta rwemewe rushinzwe gucunga ibidukikije. Icyakora, mu Burusiya hari ibibazo byinshi by’ibidukikije .

 Amerika y'Epfo 
Umuryango w'abibumbye(UNEP) yagaragaje ibihugu 17 bitandukanye . Urutonde rurimo ibihugu bitandatu byo muri Amerika y'Epfo: Burezili, Kolombiya, Ecuador, Mexico, Peru na Venezuwela . Mexico na Berezile . Ibi bihugu byerekana impungenge zikomeye zo kurengera ibidukikije kuko bifite umuvuduko mwinshi wo gutema amashyamba, gutakaza urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima, umwanda, no kwiyongera kwabaturage.

 Australiya 
guhera mu mwaka wa 2008, hari ha 98.487.116 z'ubuso burinzwe ku isi, bingana na 12.8% by'ubutaka bwa Ositaraliya .  Imibare yo mu 2002 ingana na 10.1% by'ubutaka ku isi na 64,615.554 z'ubutaka bwo mu nyanja zirinzwe  byagaragaye ko bidahagije hafi kimwe cya kabiri cya bioregioni 85 za Ositaraliya. 

 Nouvelle-Zélande 
Minisiteri y’ibidukikije ishinzwe politiki y’ibidukikije rikemura ibibazo byo kubungabunga ibidukikije . Ku rwego rw'akarere njyanama z'akarere ziyobora amategeko kandi zigakemura ibibazo by'ibidukikije byo mu karere.

 Busuwisi 
Kurengera ibidukikije mu Busuwisi bishingiye ahanini ku ngamba zafatwa mu rwego rwo kurwanya ubushyuhe bw’isi. Umwanda mu Busuwisi ahanini ni umwanda uterwa n’imodoka hamwe n’imyanda ikorwa na ba mukerarugendo. 

 Ubuhinde 
Ubuhinde bufite ingingo nyinshi zerekana inshingano za guverinoma yo hagati na Leta mu kurengera ibidukikije.Ibihugu bihatira kurengera no guteza imbere ibidukikije no kubungabunga amashyamba n’ibinyabuzima by’igihug

 Reba