Ibibazo by’ibidukikije muri Afurika yepfo (environmental issues in Southern Africa,)

Hariho ibibazo bitandukanye by’ibidukikije muri Afurika yepfo, nk’imihindagurikire y’ikirere, ubutaka, amazi, gutema amashyamba, iyangirika ry’ubutaka, n’umwanda . Agace ka Afurika yepfo ubwako, usibye Afurika yepfo, Rennkamp, Britta; Marquard, Andrew (2017-10-02). "South Africa's multiple faces in current climate clubs". South African Journal of International Affairs. 24 (4): 443–461. doi:10.1080/10220461.2017.1421479. ISSN 1022-0461. itanga imyuka ihumanya ikirere ariko ikakira ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere irangwa n’imihindagurikire y’imvura, ibihe by’ikirere bikabije n’ubushyuhe. Binyuze mu kugerageza kugendana n’ibihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere no kugerageza guhaza abaturage benshi biyongera, Afurika y'Epfo yarangije umutungo wayo mwinshi bituma byangiza ibidukikije. Igiti cya Afurika yepfo, n’ibicuruzwa nibyo shingiro ry’ubukungu bwabo, kandi aka karere kamaze gutungwa n’umutungo. Gukomeza kugabanuka no gufata nabi umutungo kamere byatumye Afurika yepfo igana muri leta aho bari.

 Amavu n'amavuko 
Afurika y'Epfo igizwe n'ibihugu nka: Angola, Botswana, Eswatini, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambike, Namibiya, Afurika y'Epfo, Zambiya, na Zimbabwe . Lesotho ikikijwe na Afrika yepfo (iri hagati ya Afrika yepfo).

Bimwe mu bibazo by’ibidukikije bigira ingaruka kuri Afurika yepfo ni: kwanduza amazi, guhumanya ikirere, kwangirika kw’ubutaka, kwanduza imyanda ikomeye, no gutema amashyamba . Kwangiza ibidukikije ntabwo bigira ingaruka ku buzima bw’abaturage gusa, ahubwo binagira ingaruka ku moko atuye muri ako karere, mu gihe binagira uruhare mu kibazo cy’imihindagurikire y’ikirere ku isi.

 Ibibazo by'amazi 
Kimwe mu bibazo bikomeye byo muri Afurika yepfo ni ukubura amazi meza . Nk’uko amasezerano y’umuryango w’abibumbye y’imihindagurikire y’ibihe muri Afurika yepfo mu 2000 abivuga, amazi akikije Afurika atagabanijwe ku buryo bungana, bivuze ko 60% y’amazi aherereye muri 20% gusa y’ubutaka.  Amazi atarenga 10% yubutaka bwa Afrika yepfo arashobora kuboneka  kandi bitewe nuko amazi menshi yubutaka bwabo yari munsi yubutare bunini, amazi yubutaka nayo aragoye kuyageraho.  Imihindagurikire y’ibihe n'ingaruka zayo ku bushyuhe n'imvura bishobora kugira izindi ngaruka.

banyafurika benshi bimukira mu cyaro, bikiyongera ku mazi asanzwe asabwa   kandi mugihe ibyifuzo bigenda byiyongera cyane, amazi meza akomeza kuba make. Hiyongereyeho ibyifuzo byinshi, urugomero rwa Durban rwaragabanutseho 20% kuva mu 2010, http://www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/kwazulu-natal/water-shortages-loom-for-durban-1.1036749#.UZ2uqWRr50s kandi kugeza 30% by'amazi yaba yaribwe cyangwa yatanzwe mu buryo butemewe binyuze mu bucuruzi mpuzamahanga.  Yakomeje agira ati: “Isuzuma ry’amazi yabonetse mu 1996 ryagereranije ko impuzandengo y’amazi yatemba buri mwaka yari metero kibe miliyoni 150, umusaruro ushobora gutangwa buri mwaka ni metero kibe miliyoni 33 290, naho amazi asabwa buri mwaka yari metero kibe miliyoni 20 045. Amazi akenewe ashobora kwiyongera hafi 50% mu 2030 (Ishami ry’amazi n’amashyamba, 2000). ” 

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