Eva Mitochondrial

Muri genetics yabantu, Eva ya Mitochondrial (nayo mt-Eva, mt-MRCA) ni matrilineal ba sogokuruza baheruka (MRCA) mubantu bose bazima. Mu yandi magambo, asobanurwa 
nkumugore uheruka kuva abantu bose bazima bakomoka kumurongo utavunitse binyuze muri ba nyina no kuri ba nyina b'abo babyeyi, kugeza igihe imirongo yose ihurira kumugore umwe.

Kubijyanye na mitochondrial haplogroups, mt-MRCA iherereye mugutandukana kwa macro-haplogroup L muri L0 na L1–6. Kugeza mu mwaka wa 2013, ibigereranyo ku myaka yo gutandukana kwabaye nko mu myaka 150.000 ishize, [ingingo ya 3] ijyanye n'itariki nyuma yo kuvugwa na Homo sapiens ariko hakiri kare ugereranyije no muri Afurika iherutse gutatanya. [4] [1] ] [5]
Ikigereranyo cy'abagabo na "Eva ya Mitochondrial" ni "Y-chromosomal Adam" (cyangwa Y-MRCA), umuntu abantu bose bazima bakomokamo. Nkuko umwirondoro wa matrilineal na patrilineal MRCAs ushingiye kumateka y'ibisekuruza (gusenyuka kw'ibisekuru), ntibakeneye kubaho mugihe kimwe. Kugeza mu mwaka wa 2013, ibigereranyo byimyaka Y-MRCA birashidikanywaho cyane, hamwe ninshuro zitandukanye kuva mumyaka 180.000 kugeza 580.000 ishize [6] [7] [8] (ufite imyaka iri hagati ya 120.000 na 156.000 ishize , hafi ya byose bigereranijwe na mt-MRCA.). [2] [9]

Izina "Eva Mitochondrial Eva" ryerekeza kuri Eva wo muri Bibiliya, ibyo bikaba byaratumye abantu bavuga nabi cyangwa imyumvire itari yo mu nkuru z’abanyamakuru kuri iyo ngingo. Ibyamamare bya siyansi bizwi cyane mubiganiro byerekana imyumvire itari yo ishobora gushimangira ko umwanya wa mt-MRCA utagenwe mugihe (kuko umwanya wa mt-MRCA ugenda utera imbere mugihe imirongo ya ADN ya mitochondial (mtDNA) iba yazimye) , nta nubwo bivuga "umugore wa mbere", cyangwa umugore wenyine muzima wo mu gihe cye, cyangwa umunyamuryango wa mbere w "ubwoko bushya".