Ingaruka Zitabi

Kunywa itabi bigira ingaruka mbi cyane kubuzima bwabantu no guhangayikishwa ningaruka zubuzima bwitabi bifite amateka maremare. Ubushakashatsi bwibanze ahanini ku kunywa itabi .  Umwotsi w'itabi urimo imiti irenga 70 itera kanseri .  Itabi ririmo kandi nikotine, ikaba ari ibiyobyabwenge byangiza cyane psychoactive . Iyo itabi rinyweye, nikotine itera kwishingikiriza kumubiri no mubitekerezo. Itabi rigurishwa mu bihugu bitaratera imbere usanga rifite ibipimo byinshi, kandi ntibishobora kuyungurura, bikaba byongera ingaruka ziterwa n’itabi ry’indwara ziterwa n’itabi muri utwo turere.https://doi.org/10.1525%2Fmaq.1991.5.3.02a00040  Kunywa itabi nimwe mu mpamvu zikomeye zitera urupfu rushobora kwirindwa ku isi. https://web.archive.org/web/20080308173338/http://www.who.int/tobacco/mpower/mpower_report_full_2008.pdf Hafi ya kimwe cya kabiri cyabantu bakoresha itabi bapfa bazize ingorane zo gukoresha itabi.  Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (OMS) rivuga ko buri mwaka itabi ritera impfu zigera kuri miliyoni 6 (hafi 10% by'impfu zose) hamwe 600.000 muri zo zikaba ziboneka mu batanywa itabi kubera umwotsi w’itabi .   Bivugwa ko itabi ryahitanye abantu miliyoni 100 mu kinyejana cya 20.  Muri ubwo buryo, Ikigo cyo muri Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika gishinzwe kurwanya no gukumira indwara kivuga ko ikoreshwa ry’itabi ari "imwe mu ngaruka zikomeye zishobora kwirindwa ku buzima bw’abantu mu bihugu byateye imbere ndetse n’impamvu ikomeye y’urupfu rutaragera ku isi." "Nicotine: A Powerful Addiction ." Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Kugeza ubu, umubare w'abantu bapfa imburagihe muri Amerika bazize kunywa itabi ku mwaka uruta umubare w'abakozi bakoreshwa mu nganda z'itabi kuri 4 kugeza kuri 1.  Nk’uko byagaragajwe mu mwaka wa 2014 mu kinyamakuru cyitwa New England Journal of Medicine, itabi rizahitana abantu bagera kuri miliyari imwe mu kinyejana cya 21 niba ubu itabi rikomeje, kimwe cya kabiri cyabo mbere y’imyaka 70.https://semanticscholar.org/paper/83fbcac3e5d959923397aaa07317a14c852b4948

 Kumenyekanisha 
Mu 1953, abahanga bo mu kigo cya Sloan-Kettering mu mujyi wa New York berekanye ko itabi ry’itabi ryanditswe ku ruhu rw'imbeba ryateye kanseri yica. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merchants_of_Doubt Iki gikorwa cyashimishije cyane itangazamakuru; ikinyamakuru New York Times n'Ubuzima byombi byagaragaje ikibazo. Umusomyi Digest yasohoye ingingo yise "Kanseri na Carton".https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merchants_of_Doubt Ku ya 11 Mutarama 1964, Raporo y’Ubuvuzi Bukuru bwa Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika ku itabi n’ubuzima yashyizwe ahagaragara; ibi byatumye abantu babarirwa muri za miriyoni banywa itabi ryabanyamerika bareka, kubuza kwamamaza bimwe, hamwe nibisabwa kubirango biburira ibicuruzwa byitabi. Ibisubizo byemerwa bwa mbere mu buvuzi, kandi bitangazwa mu baturage muri rusange, hagati ya za 1960. https://web.archive.org/web/20181001070108/http://www.toxicology.usu.edu/endnote/doll-effects-of-smoking-smmr-7-87-1998.pdf Umuryango w’abaganga wanze igitekerezo kivuga ko itabi ryateje indwara ryatewe no kubogama kw’abaganga baterwa na nikotine, agashya k’imihindagurikire y’imihindagurikire y'ikirere ikenewe kugira ngo hakoreshwe uburyo bwa epidemiologi na heuristique ku ndwara zitandura, ndetse n’igitutu cy’inganda z’itabi.
Ingaruka zubuzima bwitabi zagize uruhare runini mugutezimbere siyanse ya epidemiologiya . Nkuko uburyo bwa kanseri butera radiomimetike cyangwa radiologiya, ingaruka zirakomeye. Ibisobanuro bisobanutse birashobora gutangwa gusa kubijyanye no kwiyongera cyangwa kugabanuka amahirwe yo kwandura indwara runaka. Ku muntu runaka, ntibishoboka kwerekana byimazeyo isano iri hagati yo guhura nuburozi bwa radiomimetike nkumwotsi w itabi na kanseri ikurikira; imvugo nkiyi irashobora gutangwa gusa kurwego rusange rwabaturage. Amasosiyete y’itabi yifashishije iyi myumvire ya filozofiya kandi akoresha ugushidikanya kw’abaganga batekereza ko ari abantu ku giti cyabo, ku isano iterwa no kwerekana uburozi nk’indwara nyirizina.https://archive.org/details/cigarettecentury00bran

Ubushinwa bufite abaturage benshi banywa itabi, bukurikirwa n'Ubuhinde . Ubuhinde bufite abaturage benshi bahekenya itabi ku isi. Abantu 154 bapfa buri saha mu Buhinde bazira itabi. https://www.factchecker.in/data-dive/data-dive-tobacco-kills-3700-people-every-day-causes-27-of-cancer-cases-820260 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Health_Organization

 Ingaruka zubuzima bwitabi 
Kunywa itabi bikunze gutera indwara zifata umutima n'ibihaha kandi bikunze kwibasira ahantu nk'amaboko cyangwa ibirenge. Ibimenyetso bya mbere by’ibibazo by’ubuzima bijyanye n’itabi bikunze kugaragara nko kunanirwa ku mpera, aho kunywa itabi ari byo bintu nyamukuru bitera indwara z'umutima, indwara zidakira zifata ibihaha (COPD), emphysema, na kanseri, cyane cyane kanseri y'ibihaha, kanseri yo mu muhogo na umunwa, na kanseri y'urwagashya .  Muri rusange icyizere cyo kubaho nacyo kigabanuka mubanywa itabi igihe kirekire, ugereranije ko kuva kumyaka 10 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2541142 kugeza 17.9  ugereranije nabatanywa itabi. https://doi.org/10.1093%2Foxfordjournals.aje.a009865 Hafi ya kimwe cya kabiri cyigihe kirekire cyitabi ryabagabo bazapfa bazize indwara kubera itabi. https://doi.org/10.1093%2Foxfordjournals.aje.a009865 Ihuriro ryitabi na kanseri yibihaha rirakomeye, haba mubitekerezo bya rubanda ndetse na etiologique. Mu banywi b'itabi b'abagabo, ibyago byo kubaho kwa kanseri y'ibihaha ni 17.2%; mu banywi b'itabi b'abagore, ibyago ni 11,6%. Izi ngaruka ziri hasi cyane kubatanywa itabi: 1,3% kubagabo na 1.4% kubagore. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7895211

 Referances 

Ikiciro:Health