Ihuriro Rwibidukikije(Environmental movement)

Ihuriro ry’ibidukikije (rimwe na rimwe ryitwa ko ryita ku bidukikije ), harimo no kubungabunga ibidukikije na politiki y’icyatsi, ni umuryango utandukanye wa filozofiya, imibereho, na politiki yo gukemura ibibazo by’ibidukikije . Abashinzwe ibidukikije bashyigikira imicungire iboneye kandi irambye y’umutungo no kwita ku bidukikije binyuze mu guhindura politiki rusange n’imyitwarire ya buri muntu. Mu kwemeza ko ikiremwamuntu kigira uruhare mu (atari umwanzi w’ibinyabuzima ), uyu mutwe wibanze ku bidukikije, ubuzima, n’uburenganzira bwa muntu .

huriro ry’ibidukikije ni umuryango mpuzamahanga, uhagarariwe n’imiryango itandukanye, kuva mu nganda kugera mu nzego z'ibanze kandi bitandukanye mu bihugu. Bitewe nabanyamuryango benshi, imyizerere itandukanye kandi ikomeye, ndetse rimwe na rimwe imiterere yibitekerezo, ibidukikije bidahwema guhuza intego zabyo. Uru rugendo kandi rukubiyemo izindi ngendo zimwe na zimwe zibanze cyane, nk’imihindagurikire y’ikirere . Muri rusange, uyu mutwe urimo abikorera ku giti cyabo, abanyamwuga, abihaye Imana, abanyapolitiki, abahanga, imiryango idaharanira inyungu, ndetse n'ababunganira ku giti cyabo.

 Amateka 

 Ibyowamenya Mbere 
kwita ku bidukikije hakiri kare byaranze urujya n'uruza rw'Abaroma mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 19. Umusizi William Wordsworth yari yarazengurutse cyane mu Karere k'Ikiyaga cy'Ubwongereza maze yandika ko ari "ubwoko bw'igihugu aho buri muntu afite uburenganzira n'inyungu bifite ijisho ryo kumva n'umutima wo kwishimira". https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Wordsworth 

nkomoko y’ibidukikije byatewe no kwiyongera kw’umwanda uhumanya ikirere mu gihe cya Revolution Revolution . Kuba havutse inganda zikomeye no kwiyongera gukabije mu gukoresha amakara byatumye habaho urugero rutigeze rubaho rw’umwanda uhumanya ikirere mu nganda; nyuma ya 1900 ingano nini y’inganda ziva mu nganda ziyongereye ku mutwaro wiyongera w’imyanda y’abantu itavuwe.  Kubera igitutu cya politiki cyiyongereye kuva mu mijyi yo hagati yo mu mijyi, amategeko ya mbere manini manini y’ibidukikije agezweho yaje mu buryo bw’ibikorwa bya Alkali byo mu Bwongereza, byemejwe mu 1863, kugira ngo agenzure ihumana ry’ikirere ( aside hydrochloric acide ) ryatanzwe na gahunda ya Leblanc ., ikoreshwa mu gukora ivu rya soda . 

 Urugendo rwo kubungabunga 
Ibikorwa bigamije kubungabunga ibidukikije bigaragaye bwa mbere mu mashyamba yo mu Buhinde, hifashishijwe amahame yo kubungabunga siyansi. Imyitwarire yo kubungabunga ibidukikije yatangiye guhinduka harimo amahame atatu y’ibanze: ko ibikorwa by’umuntu byangije ibidukikije, ko hari inshingano z’abaturage zo kubungabunga ibidukikije mu bihe bizaza, kandi ko hagomba gukoreshwa uburyo bwa siyansi, bushingiye ku bumenyi kugira ngo iyi nshingano ikorwe; hanze. James Ranald Martin yari icyamamare mu guteza imbere iyi ngengabitekerezo, asohora raporo nyinshi z’ubuvuzi-bw’imiterere y’ubuvuzi yerekanaga urugero rw’ibyangiritse byatewe no gutema amashyamba manini no gutema ibiti, ndetse no guharanira ko hashyirwaho ibikorwa byo kubungabunga amashyamba mu Buhinde bw’Ubwongereza hifashishijwe ishami ry’amashyamba. . https://books.google.com/books?id=9cAHAQAAIAAJ 

 Referances