د ریاضي د سمبولونو لړلیک

This is a list of symbols found within all branches of mathematics to express a formula or to represent a constant.

When reading the list, it is important to recognize that a mathematical concept is independent of the symbol chosen to represent it. For many of the symbols below, the symbol is usually synonymous with the corresponding concept (ultimately an arbitrary choice made as a result of the cumulative history of mathematics), but in some situations a different convention may be used. For example, depending on context, the triple bar "≡" may represent congruence or a definition. Further, in mathematical logic, numerical equality is sometimes represented by "≡" instead of "=", with the latter representing equality of well-formed formulas. In short, convention dictates the meaning.

Each symbol is shown both in HTML, whose display depends on the browser's access to an appropriate font installed on the particular device, and in TeX, as an image.

Basic symbols
Symbolin HTMLSymbolin TeXNameExplanationExamples Read asCategory

Symbols based on equality sign
Symbolin HTMLSymbolin TeXNameExplanationExamples Read asCategory

Symbols that point left or right
Symbolin HTMLSymbolin TeXNameExplanationExamples Read asCategory

Brackets
Symbolin HTMLSymbolin TeXNameExplanationExamples Read asCategory

Other non-letter symbols
{| class="wikitable" style="margin:auto; width:100%; border:1px"
! rowspan="3" style="font-size:130%;" |Symbolin HTML
! rowspan="3" style="font-size:130%;" |Symbolin TeX
! style="text-align:left;" |Name
! rowspan="3" style="font-size:130%;" |Explanation
! rowspan="3" style="font-size:130%;" |Examples
|-
! Read as
|-
! style="text-align:right;" |Category

{{row of table of mathematical symbols
 | name =direct sum
 | readas =direct sum of
 | category =abstract algebra
 | explain =The direct sum is a special way of combining several objects into one general object.(The bun symbol ⊕, or the coproduct symbol , is used;  is only for logic.)
 | examples =Most commonly, for vector spaces U, V, and W, the following consequence is used:U = V ⊕ W ⇔ (U = V + W) ∧ (V ∩ W = {0})
}}

|}

Letter-based symbolsIncludes upside-down letters.''

Letter modifiers
Symbolin HTMLSymbolin TeXNameExplanationExamples Read asCategory

Symbols based on Latin letters
Symbolin HTMLSymbolin TeXNameExplanationExamples Read asCategory

.
}}

}}

Symbols based on Hebrew or Greek letters
Symbolin HTMLSymbolin TeXNameExplanationExamples Read asCategory

Variations
In mathematics written in Arabic, some symbols may be reversed to make right-to-left writing and reading easier.M. Benatia, A. Lazrik, and K. Sami, "Arabic mathematical symbols in Unicode ", 27th Internationalization and Unicode Conference, 2005.

See also
 Greek letters used in mathematics, science, and engineering
 ISO 31-11 (Mathematical signs and symbols for use in physical sciences and technology)
 Latin letters used in mathematics
 List of mathematical abbreviations
 List of mathematical symbols by subject
 Mathematical alphanumeric symbols
 Mathematical constants and functions
 Mathematical notation
 Mathematical operators and symbols in Unicode
 Notation in probability and statistics
 Physical constants
 Table of logic symbols
 Table of mathematical symbols by introduction date
 Typographical conventions in mathematical formulae

References

External links
 The complete set of mathematics Unicode characters 
 Jeff Miller: Earliest Uses of Various Mathematical Symbols
 Numericana: Scientific Symbols and Icons
 GIF and PNG Images for Math Symbols
 Mathematical Symbols in Unicode 
 Using Greek and special characters from Symbol font in HTML
 Unicode Math Symbols  - a quick form for using unicode math symbols.
 DeTeXify handwritten symbol recognition — doodle a symbol in the box, and the program will tell you what its name is
Some Unicode charts of mathematical operators:
 Index of Unicode symbols
 Range 2100–214F: Unicode Letterlike Symbols
 Range 2190–21FF: Unicode Arrows
 Range 2200–22FF: Unicode Mathematical Operators
 Range 27C0–27EF: Unicode Miscellaneous Mathematical Symbols–A
 Range 2980–29FF: Unicode Miscellaneous Mathematical Symbols–B
 Range 2A00–2AFF: Unicode Supplementary Mathematical Operators

Some Unicode cross-references:
 Short list of commonly used LaTeX symbols and Comprehensive LaTeX Symbol List 
 MathML Characters - sorts out Unicode, HTML and MathML/TeX names on one page
 Unicode values and MathML names
 Unicode values and Postscript names  from the source code for Ghostscript

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Mathematics