پښتو ابېڅي

پښتو ابېڅې، لکه د پارسي او د اردو ژبې د ابېڅو په شان د عربي ژبې نه اشتقاق شوې ابېڅې دي چې د هغو غږونو او ځليزو ښکارندويي وکړي کوم چې يوازې په پښتو ژبه کې دي او په عربي ژبه کې نه موندل کېږي. دا هغه ابېڅې دي چې د ځينو تورو، ټکو او يا نښو په ځانگړي کېدو سره د څانگړو غږونو لپاره کارېږي.
 پښتو ابېڅې 
په پښتو ابېڅو کې داسې توري شته چې په عربي او يا هم د پارسي ژبې په ابېڅو کې نشته. د ساري په توگه، هغه توري representing the retroflex consonants  and  are written like the standard Arabic te, dāl, re and nun with a "", "" or also called "" attached underneath, which looks like a small circle:  , ,, and , respectively. It also has the letters  and  (representing voiceless and voiced retroflex fricatives), which look like a sin and reh respectively with a dot above and beneath:  and . The letters representing the Voiceless alveolar affricate  and Voiced alveolar affricate look like a  with three dots above and an hamza () above;  and , and are also specific to Pashto, although  was also used in the related extinct language of Khwarezmian to represent both  and . Pashto has  , ,, and  for additional vowels and diphthongs as well.

په پښتو ابېڅو کې د عربي ژبې ۲۸ پور شوي توري او د پارسي ژبې ۳ پور شوي توري ( ,, او ) شامل دي، پاتې ۱۲ توري د پښتو ابېڅو خپل ځانگړي توري دي.

 توري 
دلته لاندې په پښتو ژبه کې کارېدلي ۴۴ توري راغونډ شوي. د ابداليانو گړدود د (A) په توري، د غلزيانو گړدود د (G) او د يوسفزو گړدود د (Y) په تورو ښکاره شوي.
متني بڼه نوم Transliteration ALA-LC رومي بڼه.IPA يونيکوډ (Hex)اصلي بڼهد کلمې په پای کېد کلمې په مينځ کېد کلمې په پيل کېآ ,اـﺎ        /  U+0627, U+0622بـﺐ  ـﺒـبـ     U+0628پـﭗ ـﭙـپـ     U+067Eتـﺖ ـﺘـتـ     U+062Aټـټـټـټـ   (or 'tt')   U+067Cثـﺚـﺜـثـ     U+062Bجـﺞـﺠـجـ     U+062Cځـځـځـځـ   (or 'dz') /    (A, G) /  (Y) U+0681چـﭻـﭽـچـ     U+0686څـڅـڅـڅـ  (tsim)  (or 'ts')   (A, G) /  (Y) U+0685حـﺢـﺤـحـ     /  U+062Dخـﺦـﺨـخـ      U+062Eدـﺪ     U+062Fډـډ    (or 'dd')   U+0689ﺫـﺬ     U+0630ﺭـﺮ     U+0631ړـړ   (or 'rr')  ,  U+0693ﺯـﺰ     U+0623ژـﮋ     (A, G) /  (Y) U+0698ږـږ  (A) /  (G) /  (Y)  (A) /  (G) /  (Y)  (A) /  (G) /  (Y)  (A) /  (G) /  (Y) U+0696سـﺲـﺴـسـ     U+0633شـﺶـﺸـشـ      U+0634ښـښـښـښـ  (A) /  (G) /  (Y)  (A) /  (G) /  (Y)  (A) /  (G) /  (Y)  (A) /  (G) /  (Y) U+069Aصـﺺـﺼـصـ     U+0635ضـﺾـﻀـضـ     U+0636طـﻂـﻄـطـ     U+0637ظـﻆـﻈـظـ     U+0638عـﻊـﻌـعـ      U+0639غـﻎـﻐـغـ     U+063Aفـﻒـﻔـفـ     /  U+0641قـﻖـﻘـقـ      /  U+0642كـكـكـكـ     U+0643گـگـگـگـ     U+06ABلـﻞـﻠـلـ     U+0644مـﻢـﻤـمـ     U+0645نـﻦـﻨـنـ     U+0646ڼـڼـڼـڼـ   (or 'nn')   U+06BCوـﻮ  , ,  , ,  , ,  U+0648هـﻪـﻬـهـ round he , , / , ,  /, ,  U+0647ۀـﮥ  (يا '')  (or '')   U+06C0يـﻲـﻴـيـ hard ye ,  ,  ,  U+064Aېـﯥـﯧـېـ soft ye      U+06D0ىـى masculine ye ,  ,  ,  U+0649ۍـۍ feminine ye  (or '')     U+06CD

  In the beginning of a word, آ (alif with madda) represents the long vowel  (eg. آس - , "horse"), and ا (alif) represents the consonant  (eg. اسلام -  or , "Islam"). In the middle or end of a word, ا represents the long vowel  preceded by a consonant (eg. كال - , "year"; and نيا - , "grandmother").
  The pronunciations of ږ and ښ depend on the dialect - eg. KandaharMichael M.T. Henderson, Four Varieties of Pashto:  and ; Quetta:  and ; southern Wazirwola:  and Rozi Khan Burki, Dying Languages; Special Focus on Ormuri; Wardak:  and ; Yusufzai:  and . 
  The pronunciation of the letter ځ merges with  in northern and eastern dialects, and څ merges with  in eastern dialects.
  The letter ړ represents  if it is not at the final position of a syllable; if it is final, it represents .
  ف tends to be pronounced as پ.
  The letter ۀ representing  is not used in many texts; instead ه is used which can also represent .
  ى represents  if preceded by a consonant (eg. لرگى - , "wood"), and represents  if preceded by a vowel (eg. دوى - , "they").
  Ten of the alphabets, ق ف ع ظ ط ض ص ح ﺫ ث, appear only in loanwords which are mostly of Arabic origin. Eight of them, ع ظ ط ض ص ح ﺫ ث, represent no additional phonemes of Pashto, and their pronunciation merges with other phonemes.

In the earliest known Pashto manuscript written in 1651 CE, ڊ (dāl with subscript dot) was used for  and , which was still used in the Diwan of Mirza written in 1690 CE, but this sign was soon replaced by څ which was first attested in 1696-7 CE. څ is now used for only .

 Diacritic marks 
The four diacritic marks are:
 Diacritic Name Translit. IPA ــَ    a   ــِ    i   ــُ    u   ــٌ    ə (or ë)  

  The diacritic marks are not considered separate letters. Their use is optional and are usually not written; they are primarily used to distinguish between two words which appear similar.

 "ی" گانې 
 توری نوم سپوڼ موقف څرگندونه بېلگه ي    ,   هر ځای هېڅ يم  ('I am') ې      د لغت په منځ يا پای کې   هېڅ ډېوه  ('lamp') ىif preceded by a consonant      د لغت په پای کې  the word is masculine singular in direct case  ستورى   ىif preceded by a vowel      end of the word  none  دوى  ('they') ۍif in a name      end of the word   the name is feminine  نجلۍ  ('girl') ۍif in a verb      end of the word   the verb is in second person plural form  كوۍ  ('you (plur.) do')

  It is also common to use  (ye with an hamza above) at the end of a second-person plural verb, for example كوئ - , "you (plur.) do".

 سرچينې 
 Awde & Sarwan (2002). "Pashto dictionary & phrasebook", page 24.

 باندنۍ تړنې 

وېشنيزه:پښتو ژبه