لسٹ فراعین مصر

ایہ فہرست فراعنہ مصر (List of pharaohs) اے۔ فرعون دا لقب قدیم مصر دے بادشاہاں لئی  استعمال ہندا اےـ لغوی معنی "عظیم گھر" نیں جس توں مراد بادشاہ دا محل سی ۔ سمجھا جاندا  سی کہ سارے فرعون مصری دیوتےآں دی اولاد نیں ـThe Encyclopedia of World History. p. 30

 Legendary period 
In the texts of the Palermo، Turin and Manetho king lists, there are different versions of names of eight god kings that ruled Egypt in the beginning.

 Turin King list Manetho(Greek equivalent) Function پتاح Hephestus(پتاح) Craftsmen & Creation رع Helios(Apollo) Sun Shu Aelos or Agathosdaimon (perhaps Sothis?)(Shu) Air دیوتا گب Gaia(Demeter) Earth اوزیریس Hades Afterlife Set طائفون(Set) Chaos حورس Ares War تحوت ایتھنے Knowledge ماعت Order

These god kings are followed by differing sets of semi-divine rulers.

 Turin King List Length Manetho Length Second dynasty of gods unknown Dynasty of Halfgods unknown 3 Achu-Dynasties unknown 30 Kings from Memphis 1790 years Dynasty of Disciples of حورس unknown 10 Kings from تینیس 350 years

 Archaic period 
The Archaic period includes the Early Dynastic Period، when زیریں مصر and بالائی مصر were ruled as separate kingdoms.

 Early Dynastic: Lower Egypt 
زیریں مصر consisted of the northern دریائے نیل and the Nile Delta۔ The following list may not be complete:
 نام Comments Dates Hsekiu Only known from the Palermo stone ? Khayu Only known from the Palermo stone ? TiuBreasted (1909) p.36 Only known from the Palermo stone ? Thesh Only known from the Palermo stone ? Neheb Only known from the Palermo stone ? Wazner Only known from the Palermo stone c. 3100 BC? Mekh Only known from the Palermo stone ? (destroyed) Was only known from the Palermo stone ? Double Falcon Attested through finds from Sinai and Lower Egypt c. 3200 BC?

 Early Dynastic: Upper Egypt 
بالائی مصر consisted of the Nile Valley, south of the Delta. The following list may not be complete (there are many more of uncertain existence):
 Name Image Comments Dates Scorpion I Oldest tomb at Umm el-Qa'ab had scorpion insignia c. 3200 BC? Iry-Hor 110px Possibly the immediate predecessor of Ka. c. 3150 BC? KaRice (1999) p.86Wilkinson (1999) pp.57f. 110px Maybe read Sekhen rather than Ka. Possibly the immediate predecessor of Narmer.c. 3100 BC King Scorpion 110px Potentially read Serqet; possibly the same person as نارمر۔ c. 3150 BC نارمر 110px The king who combined Upper and Lower Egypt.Shaw (2000) p.196 c. 3150 BC

 First Dynasty 
The First Dynasty ruled from approximately 3150 to 2890 BC, by some chronological schemes. (There are no precise or agreed-upon year dates for any of the Old or Middle Kingdom periods, and reign estimates differ widely from one Egyptologist to the next.)
 Name Image Comments Dates نارمر 110px Believed to be the same person as Menes and to have unified Upper and Lower Egypt. c. 3150 BC Hor-Aha110px — c. 3050 BC Djer 110px — 41 years Djet 110px — 10 yearsWolfgang Helck: Untersuchungen zur Thinitenzeit (Agyptologische Abhandlungen)، ISBN 3-447-02677-4, O. Harrassowitz (1987)، p. 124 Merneith 110px Female Regent for Den, may have ruled as pharaoh in her own right — Den 110px First pharaoh depicted wearing the double crown of Egypt, first pharaoh with a golden Horus name. 42 years Anedjib 110px — 10 years Semerkhet 110px — 9 years Qa'a 110px — 2916?–2890 BC

In the interregnum between the first and second dynasties two short lived pharaohs may have reigned :
 Name Image Comments Dates Sneferka 110px Very short reign c. 2900 BC Horus Bird 110px Very short reign c. 2900 BC

 Second Dynasty 
The Second Dynasty ruled c. 2890–2686 BC.
 Name Image Comments Dates HotepsekhemwyWilkinson (1999) pp. 83–84 110px — 25–29 years RanebWilkinson (1999) p. 84 110px Name may be read Nebra rather than Raneb. Could be the same person as Weneg.Jochem Kahl: Ra is my Lord: Searching for the Rise of the Sun God at the Dawn of Egyptian History۔ Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 2007, ISBN 3-447-05540-5, page 12–14 & 74. 10–14 years NynetjerWilkinson (1999) p. 79 110px May have divided Egypt between his successors 43–45 years WenegWilkinson (1999) pp. 87–88 110px Could be an independent ruler or the same as Sekhemib-Perenmaat or Raneb SenedjPascal Vernus, Jean Yoyotte, The Book of the Pharaohs، Cornell University Press 2003, p.27 110px Possibly the same person as Seth Peribsen Jürgen von Beckerath: Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen.۔ Deutscher Kunstverlag, München/Berlin 1984, ISBN 3-422-00832-2, page 171. Seth-Peribsen  Seth-Peribsen 110px May have reigned over Upper Egypt only, could be the same person as Senedj or Sekhemib-Perenmaat. Sekhemib-Perenmaat 110px May have reigned over Upper Egypt only, could be the same person as Seth-Peribsen.Darell D. Baker: The Encyclopedia of the Pharaohs: Volume I – Predynastic to the Twentieth Dynasty 3300–1069 BC، Stacey International, ISBN 978-1-905299-37-9, 2008 Khasekhem(wy)  King Khasekhem  King Khasekhemwy 110px Reunified Egypt after a period of troubles ca. 2690 BC 17–18 years

 Old Kingdom 
The Old Kingdom is the period in the third millennium BC when Egypt attained its first continuous peak of civilisational complexity and achievement (the first of three so-called "Kingdom" periods which mark the high points of civilization in the Nile Valley)، spanning the period when Egypt was ruled by the Third Dynasty through the Sixth Dynasty (2686–2181 BC)۔ Many Egyptologists also include the Memphite Seventh and Eighth Dynasties in the Old Kingdom as a continuation of the administration centralised at Memphis۔ The Old Kingdom was followed by a period of disunity and relative cultural decline referred to by Egyptologists as the First Intermediate Period—or, as the Egyptians called it, the "first illness."

The royal capital of Egypt during the Old Kingdom was located at Memphis، where Djoser established his court. The Old Kingdom is perhaps best known, however, for the large number of pyramids which were constructed at this time as pharaonic burial places. For this reason, the Old Kingdom is frequently referred to as "the Age of the Pyramids"۔

 Third Dynasty 
The Third Dynasty ruled from 2686 to 2613 BC.
 Name Image Comments Dates DjoserToby Wilkinson, Early Dynastic Egypt, Routledge, 1999, pp.83 & 95Toby Wilkinson, Royal Annals of Ancient Egypt, pp.79 & 258 100px Commissioned the first Pyramid in Egypt The Step Pyramid Constructed by Djosers' chief architect and scribe ImhotepVerner (2001) 19 or 28 years ca. 2670 BC; Radiocarbon dates start reign between 2691 and 2625Christopher Bronk Ramsey et al.، [url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1189395"]Radiocarbon-Based Chronology for Dynastic Egypt[/url]، [i]Science[/i] 18 جون 2010: Vol. 328. no. 5985, pp. 1554–1557 SekhemkhetClayton (1994) p.32 100px Imhotep participated in the construction of his unfinished step pyramid 2649–2643 Sanakhte 100px Could be the same as Nebka c. 2650 Khaba 100px Built an unfinished step pyramid 2643–2637 HuniClayton (1994) p.42 100px Could be the same as Qahedjet، may have started the Meidum pyramid 2637–2613

 Fourth Dynasty 
The Fourth Dynasty ruled from 2613 to 2498 BC and included the pharaohs who had the Great Pyramids built, Khufu (Cheops)، Khafra (Chephren) and منقرع (Mycerinus)۔
{| class="wikitable" width="100%"
|-
! width="15%" | Name
! width="15%" | Image
! width="50%" | Comments
! width="20%" | Dates
|-
|سنفرو || 100px || Built the Meidum Pyramid and the ہرم سنفرو (341 ft/103m from the base to the tip)، which is a pyramid built at a normal angle at the bottom but drastically changes at the top. He also built the first "true" pyramid, the سرخ ہرم۔ Some say that he was buried in the Red Pyramid, while others say that he was buried in the Bent Pyramid. Bones have been found at the Red Pyramid, but there is no evidence that this is Sneferu's body. || |2613–2589 BC
|-
|Khufu || 100px || Greek form: Cheops۔ Built the great pyramid of Giza۔ Note that Khufu is spoken of in early sources as being "third" of his family to rule, although there is no known record of a Pharaoh between Sneferu and Khufu. One supposition is that there might have been a very short reign of some elder brother of Khufu, whose inscriptions, names, and monuments have perished for one reason or another. || 2589–2566 BC 
|-
|جدفرع (Radjedef) || 100px || Believed to have created the Great Sphinx of Giza as a monument for his deceased father. He also created a pyramid at Abu Rawash. However, this pyramid is no longer intact as it is believed the Romans recycled the materials it was made from. Before being demolished by the Romans, according to a documentary aired by the History Channel, the pyramid may actually have been the highest ever built (about 20 meters taller than the Great Pyramid of Giza although this is due to its elevated location rather than the size from base to tip)۔ || 2566–2558 BC 
|-
|Khafre || 100px || Greek form: Chephren His pyramid is the second largest in Giza. Credited by some Egyptologists as the builder of the Great Sphinx of Giza۔' || 2558–2532 BC
|-
| — || – || Here some authorities insert Bikheris، following Manetho || —
|-
|منقرع || 100px || Greek form: Mycerinus۔ His pyramid is the third and smallest in Giza. || 2532–2503 BC
|-
|Shepseskaf || 100px || Broke with the tradition of pyramid building and instead had the Mastabat el-Fara'un made for himself || 2503–2498 BC
|-
|Djedefptah || – || Here some authorities insert Djedefptah a.k.a. Thampthis، following Manetho || —
|}

 Fifth Dynasty 
The Fifth Dynasty ruled from 2498 to 2345 BC.
 Name Image Comments Dates Userkaf 100px  Buried in a pyramid in Saqqara۔ Built the first solar temple at Abusir. 2498–2491 BC  Sahure 100px Moved the royal necropolis to Abusir، where he built his pyramid۔ 2490–2477 BC  Neferirkare Kakai 100px — 2477–2467 BC  Shepseskare 100px Reigned most likely after Neferefre and for only a few months.Miroslav Verner (2000): Who was Shepseskara, and when did he reign?، in: Miroslav Bárta, Jaromír Krejčí (editors): Abusir and Saqqara in the Year 2000، Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Oriental Institute, Prague, ISBN 80-85425-39-4, p. 581–602, available online۔ 2467–2460 BC  Neferefre 100px — 2460–2458 BC Nyuserre Ini 100px — 2445–2422 BC  Menkauhor Kaiu 100px — 2422–2414 BC  Djedkare Isesi 100px — 2414–2375 BC  Unas 100px His pyramid is inscribed with the earliest instance of the ہرمی ادب 2375–2345 BC

 Sixth Dynasty 
The Sixth Dynasty ruled from 2345 to 2181 BC.
 Name Image Comments Dates Teti 100px Was possibly murdered by his successor 2345–2333 BC Userkare 100px Reigned 1 to 5 years, may have usurped the throne at the expense of Teti 2333–2332 BC Meryre Pepi I 100px — 2332–2283 BC Merenre Nemtyemsaf I 100px — 2283–2278 BC Neferkare Pepi II 100px Possibly the longest reigning monarch of human history with 94 years on the throne. Alternatively, may have reign "only" 64 years. 2278–2184 BC Neferka Only mentioned in the Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt۔ Reigned during Pepi II; was possibly his son or co-ruler. 2200–2199 BC Merenre Nemtyemsaf IIDodson & Hilton (2004) p.73 100px Short lived pharaoh, possibly an aged son of Pepi II. 1 year and 1 month c. 2184 BC Neitiqerty Siptah 100px Identical with Netjerkare. This male king gave rise to the legendary queen Nitocris of هيرودوت and Manetho۔Ryholt & Bardrum (2000) pp.87–100. Sometimes classified as the first king of the combined 7th/8th Dynasties. Short reign: c. 2184 BC – 2181 BC

 First Intermediate Period 
The First Intermediate Period (2181–2060 BC) is the period between the end of the Old Kingdom and the advent of the Middle Kingdom۔

The Old Kingdom rapidly collapsed after the death of Pepi II۔ He had reigned for 94 years, longer than any monarch in history, and died aged 100. The latter years of his reign were marked by inefficiency because of his advanced age.

The Union of the Two Kingdoms fell apart and regional leaders had to cope with the resulting famine۔

Around 2160 BC, a new line of pharaohs tried to reunite زیریں مصر from their capital in Herakleopolis Magna۔ In the meantime, a rival line based at Thebes was reuniting بالائی مصر and a clash between the two rival dynasties was inevitable.

Around 2055 BC, Mentuhotep II، the son and successor of pharaoh Intef III defeated the Herakleopolitan pharaohs and reunited the Two Lands, thereby starting the Middle Kingdom.

 Seventh and Eighth Dynasties (combined) 
The Seventh and Eighth Dynasties ruled from c. 2181 to c. 2160 BC. They comprise numerous ephemeral rulers reigning from Memphis over a possibly divided Egypt.
This table is based on the Abydos King List dating to the reign of Seti I and taken from Jürgen von Beckerath's Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen''Jürgen von Beckerath: Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen، Münchner ägyptologische Studien, Heft 49, Mainz : P. von Zabern, 1999, ISBN 3-8053-2591-6, available online  as well as from Kim Ryholt's latest reconstruction of the Turin canon، another king list dating to the Ramesside Era۔Kim Ryholt: "The Late Old Kingdom in the Turin King-list and the Identity of Nitocris"، Zeitschrift für ägyptische, 127, 2000, p. 99

 Name Image Comments Dates Menkare 100px Neferkare II 100px Neferkare (III) Neby 100px Attested by inscriptions in the tomb of his mother Ankhesenpepi, started the construction of a pyramid in Saqqara. Djedkare Shemai 100px Neferkare (IV) Khendu 100px Merenhor 100px Some authorities place Merenhor here Neferkamin 100px Nikare 100px Possibly attested by a cylinder-seal. Neferkare (V) Tereru 100px Neferkahor 100px Attested by a cylinder seal. Neferkare (VI) Pepiseneb 100px Neferkamin Anu 100px Qakare Ibi 100px Built a pyramid at Saqqara inscribed with the last known instance of the ہرمی ادب 2169–2167 BC Neferkaure 100px Attested by one to three decrees from the temple of Min at Coptos۔ 2167–2163 BC Neferkauhor Khuwihapi 100px Attested by eight decrees from the temple of Min and an inscription in the tomb of Shemay۔ 2163–2161 BC Neferirkare 100px Possibly to be identified with horus Demedjibtawy, in which case he is attested by a decree from the temple of Min. 2161–2160 BC

 Ninth Dynasty 
The Ninth DynastyTurin Kinglist, Columns IV,18 to V,10، Ancient Egypt dot org۔ Accessed 10 فروری 2010. ruled from 2160 to 2130 BC. The Turin King List has 18 kings reigning in the Ninth and Tenth Dynasties. Of these, twelve names are missing and four are partial.

 Name Image Comments Dates Meryibre Khety I (Acthoes I) 100px Manetho states that Achthoes founded this dynasty. 2160–? — - ? Neferkare VII - ?Nebkaure Khety II (Acthoes II) 100px - ? Senenh— or Setut - ? — - ? Mery— - ? Shed— - ? H— - ?

 Tenth Dynasty 
The Tenth Dynasty was a local group that held sway over زیریں مصر that ruled from 2130 to 2040 BC.

 Name Image Comments Dates Meryhathor — 2130–? Neferkare VIII — ? Wahkare Khety (Acthoes III) — ? Merykare 100px — ?–2040

 Eleventh Dynasty 
The Eleventh Dynasty was a local group with roots in بالائی مصر that ruled from 2134 to 1991 BC. The 11th dynasty originated from a dynasty of Theban nomarchs serving kings of the 8th, 9th or 10th dynasty.

 Name Image Comments Dates Intef the Elder Iry-pat 100px Theban nomarch serving an unnamed king, later considered a founding figure of the 11th Dynasty. —

The successors of Intef the Elder، starting with Mentuhotep I، became independent from their northern overlords and eventually conquered Egypt under Mentuhotep II۔

 Name Image Comments Dates Mentuhotep I Tepy-a 100px Nominally a Theban nomarch but may have ruled independently. ?–2134 BC  Sehertawy Intef I 100px First member of the dynasty to claim a Horus name. 2134–2117 BC  Wahankh Intef II 100px Conquered Abydos and its nome. 2117–2069 BC Nakhtnebtepnefer Intef III 100px Conquered اسیوط and possibly moved further North up to the 17th nome.Margaret Bunson: Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt، Infobase Publishing, 2009, ISBN 978-1-4381-0997-8, available online, see p. 181  2069–2060 BC

 Middle Kingdom 
The Middle Kingdom (2060–1802 BC) is the period from the end of the First Intermediate Period to the beginning of the Second Intermediate Period۔ In addition to the Twelfth Dynasty، some scholars include the Eleventh، Thirteenth and Fourteenth Dynasties in the Middle Kingdom. The Middle Kingdom can be noted for the expansion of trade outside of the kingdom that occurred during this time. This opening of trade eventually led to the downfall of the Middle Kingdom, induced by an invasion from the Hyksos۔

 Eleventh Dynasty continued 
The second part of the Eleventh Dynasty is considered to be part of the Middle Kingdom of Egypt.

 Name Image Comments Dates Nebhetepre Mentuhotep IILabib Habachi: King Nebhepetre Menthuhotep: his monuments, place in history, deification and unusual representations in form of gods، in: Annales du Service des Antiquités de l'Égypte 19 (1963)، pp. 16–52 100px Gained all Egypt ca. 2015 BC, Middle Kingdom begins. 2060–2010 BC  Sankhkare Mentuhotep IIIWolfram Grajetzki (2006) pp. 23–25 100px Commanded the first expedition to Punt of the Middle Kingdom 2010–1998 BC Nebtawyre Mentuhotep IVWolfram Grajetzki (2006) pp. 25–26 100px Obscure pharaoh absent from later king lists; tomb unknown. May have been overthrown by his vizier and successor Amenemhat I۔ 1997–1991 BC

 Twelfth Dynasty 
The Twelfth Dynasty ruled from 1991 to 1802 BC, and is considered by later Egyptians to have been their greatest dynasty.
 Name Image Comments Dates Sehetepibre Amenemhat I  Amenemhat IWolfram Grajetzki (2006) pp. 28–35 100px Seized power after overthrowing Mentuhotep IV. Died assassinated. 1991–1962 BC Kheperkare Senusret IMurnane (1977) p.2 (Sesostris I) 100px Built the White Chapel 1971–1926 BC Nubkaure Amenemhat IIMurnane (1977) p.7 100px — 1929–1895 BC Khakheperre Senusret IIMurnane (1977) p.9 (Sesostris II) 100px — 1897–1878 BC Khakaure Senusret IIIJosef Wegner, The Nature and Chronology of the Senwosret III–Amenemhat III Regnal Succession: Some Considerations based on new evidence from the Mortuary Temple of Senwosret III at Abydos، JNES 55, Vol.4, (1996)، pp.251 (Sesostris III) 100px Most powerful of the Middle Kingdom pharaohs. 1878–1860 BC  Nimaatre Amenemhat IIIWolfram Grajetzki (2006) pp. 56–61 100px — 1860–1815 BC  Maakherure Amenemhat IV 100px Had a co-regency lasting at least 1 year based on an inscription at Konosso۔ 1815–1807 BC  Sobekkare SobekneferuGrajetzk (2006) pp.61-63 100px A rare female ruler. 1807–1802 BC 

 Second Intermediate Period 
The Second Intermediate Period (1802–1550 BC) is a period of disarray between the end of the Middle Kingdom، and the start of the New Kingdom۔ It is best known as when the Hyksos، whose reign comprised the Fifteenth، made their appearance in Egypt.

The Thirteenth Dynasty was much weaker than the Twelfth Dynasty، and was unable to hold onto the two lands of Egypt. Either at the start of the dynasty, c. 1805 BC or toward the middle of it in c. 1710 BC, the provincial ruling family in Xois، located in the marshes of the eastern Delta, broke away from the central authority to form the Canaanite Fourteenth Dynasty۔

The Hyksos made their first appearance during the reign of Sobekhotep IV، and around 1720 BC took control of the town of Avaris (the modern Tell el-Dab'a/Khata'na)، conquering the kingdom of the 14th dynasty.
Then, some time around 1650 BC the Hyksos, perhaps led by Salitis the founder of the Fifteenth Dynasty, conquered Memphis، thereby terminating the 13th dynasty. The power vacuum in Upper Egypt resulting from the collapse of the 13th dynasty allowed the 16th dynasty to declare its independence in Thebes، only to be overrun by the Hyksos kings shortly thereafter.

Subsequently, as the Hyksos withdrew from Upper Egypt, the native Egyptian ruling house in Thebes set itself up as the Seventeenth Dynasty۔ This dynasty eventually drove the Hyksos back into Asia under Seqenenre Tao, Kamose and finally Ahmose, first pharaoh of the New Kingdom.

 Thirteenth Dynasty 
The Thirteenth Dynasty (following the Turin King List) ruled from 1802 to around 1649 BC and lasted 153 or 154 years according to Manetho. This table should be contrasted with Known kings of the 13th Dynasty
 Name Image Comments Dates Sekhemre Khutawy Sobekhotep I 100px Founded the 13th Dynasty. His reign is well attested. Referred to as Sobekhotep I in dominant hypothesis, known as Sobekhotep II in older studies 1802–1800 BC Sonbef 100px Perhaps a brother of Sekhemre Khutawy Sobekhotep and son of Amenemhat IV 1800 BC – 1796 BC Nerikare 100px 1796 BC Sekhemkare Amenemhat V 100px 3 to 4 years 1796–1793 BC Ameny Qemau Buried in his pyramid in south دہشور 1795–1792 BC Hotepibre Qemau Siharnedjheritef 100px Also called Sehotepibre 1792–1790 BC Iufni Only attested on the Turin canon Very short reign, possibly c. 1790 – 1788 BC Seankhibre Amenemhet VI 100px — 1788–1785 BC Semenkare Nebnuni 100px — 1785–1783 BC or 1739 BCThomas Schneider: Lexikon der Pharaonen، Albatros, Düsseldorf 2002, ISBN 3-491-96053-3 Sehetepibre Sewesekhtawy 100px — 1783–1781 BC Sewadjkare Known only from the Turin canon Nedjemibre Known only from the Turin canon 7 months, 1780 BC or 1736 BC Khaankhre Sobekhotep 100px Referred to as Sobekhotep II in dominant hypothesis, known as Sobekhotep I in older studies Reigned c. 3 years, 1780–1777 BC Renseneb 4 months 1777 BC Awybre Hor I 100px Famous for his intact tomb treasure and Ka statue Reigned 1 year and 6 months, 1777–1775 BC Sekhemrekhutawy Khabaw 100px Possibly a son of Hor Awibre Estimated reign 3 years, 1775–1772 BC Djedkheperew 100px Possibly a son of Hor Awibre and brother of Khabaw, previously identified with Khendjer Estimated reign 2 years, 1772–1770 BC Sebkay 100px Possibly two kings, Seb and his son Kay. Sedjefakare 100px A well known king attested on numerous stelas and other documents. 5 to 7 years or 3 years, 1769–1766 BC Khutawyre Wegaf 100px Founder of the dynasty in old studies c. 1767 BC Khendjer 100px Possibly the first سامی قوم pharaoh, built a pyramid at Saqqara Minimum 4 years and 3 months c. 1765 BC Imyremeshaw 100px Attested by two colossal statues Reigned less than 10 years, starting 1759 BC or 1711 BC.Thomas Schneider: Lexikon der Pharaonen، Albatros, 2002 Sehetepkare Intef IV 100px — ? Seth Meribre — ? Sekhemresewadjtawy Sobekhotep III 100px 4 years and 2 months c. 1755–1751 BC Khasekhemre Neferhotep I 100px 11 years 1751–1740 BC Menwadjre Sihathor Ephemeral coregent with his brother Neferhotep I, may not have reigned independently. 1739 BC Khaneferre Sobekhotep IV 100px 10 or 11 years 1740–1730 BC Merhotepre Sobekhotep V 100px — c. 1730 BC Khahotepre Sobekhotep VI 100px 4 years 8 months and 29 days c. 1725 BC Wahibre Ibiau 100px 10 years and 8 months 1725–1714 BC or 1712–1701 BC Merneferre Ay I 100px Longest reigning king of the dynasty 23 years, 8 months and 18 days, 1701–1677 BC or 1714–1691 BC Merhotepre Ini 100px Possibly a son of his predecessor 2 Years 3 or 4 Months and 9 days, 1677–1675 BC or 1691–1689 BC Sankhenre Sewadjtu Attested only on the Turin canon 3 years and 2–4 months, 1675–1672 BC Mersekhemre Ined 100px May be the same person as Neferhotep II 3 years, 1672–1669 BC Sewadjkare Hori 5 years ? Merkawre Sobekhotep VII 2 years and 6 months K.S.B. Ryholt, The Political Situation in Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period, c.1800-1550 BC، Carsten Niebuhr Institute Publications, vol. 20. Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press, 1997 1664–1663 BC Seven kings Names lost in a lacuna of the Turin canon  1663 BC –? Mer[…]re — ? Merkheperre 100px — Some time between 1663 BC and 1649 BC  Merkare — Some time between 1663 BC and 1649 BC  Name lost — ? Sewadjare Mentuhotep V 100px — c. 1655 BC […]mosre — ? Ibi […]maatre — ? Hor[…] […]webenre — ? Se.۔۔kare ? ? Seheqenre Sankhptahi 100px May be the son of his predecessor ? ۔۔۔re ? ? Se.۔۔enre ? ?–1649 BC 

The position of the following kings is uncertain:

 Name Image Comments Dates Dedumose I 100px Possibly a king of the 16th dynasty c. 1654 Dedumose II 100px Possibly a king of the 16th dynasty ? Sewahenre Senebmiu 100px Late 13th dynasty. After 1660 BC. Snaaib 100px Possibly a king of the Abydos Dynasty ?

 Fourteenth Dynasty 
The Fourteenth Dynasty was a local group from the eastern Delta, based at Avaris، that ruled from either from 1805 BC or c. 1710 BC until around 1650 BC. The dynasty comprised many rulers with West Semitic names and is thus believed to have been Canaanite in origin.

 Name Image Comments Dates Yakbim Sekhaenre 100px Chronological position uncertain, here given as per Ryholt 1805–1780 BC Ya'ammu Nubwoserre 100px Chronological position uncertain, here given as per Ryholt 1780–1770 BC Qareh Khawoserre 100px Chronological position uncertain, here given as per Ryholt 1770–1760 BC 'Ammu Ahotepre 100px Chronological position uncertain, here given as per Ryholt 1760–1745 BC SheshiKings of the 2nd Intermediate Period  100px Chronological position uncertain, here given as per Ryholt.K.S.B. Ryholt: The Political Situation in Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period، c.1800-1550 BC, Carsten Niebuhr Institute Publications, vol. 20. Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press, 1997 1745–1705 BC Nehesy 100px Short reign, perhaps a son of Sheshi  c. 1705 سخاوی خاندان - ? سخاوی خاندان - c. 1704 Sehebre Possibly identifiable with Wazad or Sheneh - Merdjefare 100px Possibly identifiable with Wazad or Sheneh c. 1699 Sewadjkare III - ? Nebdjefare - c. 1694 Webenre - ? — - ? Djefare? - ? Webenre c. 1690 Sekheperenre Attested by a single scarab seal 2 months, some time between 1690 BC and 1649 BC Anati Djedkare Only known from the Turin canon Bebnum Only known from the Turin canon 'Apepi Possibly attested as a king's son by 5 scarabs-seals

The position and identity of the following pharaohs is uncertain:

 Name Image Comments Dates Nuya Attested by a scarab-seal Wazad 100px May be identifiable with Sehebre or Merdjefare c. 1700 BC ? Sheneh 100px May be identifiable with Sehebre or Merdjefare Shenshek Attested by a scarab-seal Khamure 100px Yakareb 100px Yaqub-Har 100px May belong to the 14th dynasty، the 15th dynasty or be a vassal of the Hyksos. 17th–16th centuries BCE

The Turin King List provides additional names, none of which are attested beyond the list.

 Fifteenth Dynasty 
The Fifteenth Dynasty arose from among the Hyksos people who emerged from the زرخیز ہلال to establish a short-lived governance over much of the Nile region, and ruled from 1674 to 1535 BC.

 Name Image Comments Dates Semqen 100px Chronological position uncertain. 1649 BC – ? 'Aper-'Anat 100px Chronological position uncertain. Sakir-Har - ? Khyan 100px Apex of the Hyksos' power, conquered Thebes toward the end of his reign 30–40 years Apepi 100px - 40 years or more Khamudi 100px - 1555–1544

 Abydos Dynasty 
The Second Intermediate Period may include an independent dynasty reigning over Abydos from c. 1650 BC until 1600 BC.Detlef Franke: Zur Chronologie des Mittleren Reiches. Teil II: Die sogenannte Zweite Zwischenzeit Altägyptens، In Orientalia 57 (1988)، p. 259 Four attested kings may be tentatively attributed to the Abydos Dynasty, and they are given here without regard for their (unknown) chronological order:
 Name Image Comments Dates Sekhemraneferkhau Wepwawetemsaf 100px May belong to the late 16th DynastyMarcel Marée: A sculpture workshop at Abydos from the late Sixteenth or early Seventeenth Dynasty، in: Marcel Marée (editor): The Second Intermediate period (Thirteenth-Seventeenth Dynasties)، Current Research, Future Prospects، Leuven, Paris, Walpole, MA. 2010 ISBN 978-90-429-2228-0. p. 247, 268 Sekhemrekhutawy Pantjeny 100px May belong to the late 16th Dynasty Menkhaure Snaaib 100px May belong to the late 13th Dynasty۔Jürgen von Beckerath: Untersuchungen zur politischen Geschichte der Zweiten Zwischenzeit in Ägypten، Glückstadt, 1964Jürgen von Beckerath: Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen، Münchner ägyptologische Studien 49, Mainz 1999. Woseribre Senebkay 100px Tomb discovered in 2014. Perhaps identifiable with a Woser[…]re of the Turin canon.

 Sixteenth Dynasty 
The Sixteenth Dynasty was a native Theban dynasty emerging from the collapse of the Memphis-based 13 th dynasty c. 1650 BC and finally conquered by the Hyksos 15th dynasty c. 1580 BC. The 16th dynasty held sway over Upper-Egypt only.

 Name Image Comments Dates— Name of the first king is lost here in the Turin King List، and cannot be recoveredDjehuti Sekhemresementawy – 3 years Sobekhotep VIII Sekhemreseusertawy 100px – 16 yearsNeferhotep III Sekhemresankhtawy – 1 year Mentuhotepi Seankhenre May be a king of the 17th Dynasty 1 yearNebiryraw I Sewadjenre 100px – 26 yearsNebiriau II –Semenre –Bebiankh Seuserenre 100px –12 yearsDedumose I Djedhotepre 100px May be a king of the 13th DynastyDedumose II Djedneferre 100px –Montuemsaf Djedankhre 100px –Merankhre Mentuhotep VI 100px –Senusret IV Seneferibre 100px –Sekhemre Shedwast –
The 16th Dynasty may also have comprised the reigns of pharaohs Sneferankhre Pepi IIIWolfgang Helck, Eberhard Otto, Wolfhart Westendorf, Stele – Zypresse: Volume 6 of Lexikon der Ägyptologie, Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, 1986, Page 1383 and Nebmaatre۔ Their chronological position is uncertain.Jürgen von Beckerath: Chronologie des pharaonischen Ägyptens، Münchner Ägyptologische Studien 46. Mainz am Rhein, 1997

 Seventeenth Dynasty 
The Seventeenth Dynasty was based in بالائی مصر and ruled from 1650 to 1550 BC:
 Name Image Comments Dates Sekhemrewahkhaw Rahotep 100px - c. 1620 BC Sekhemre Wadjkhaw Sobekemsaf I 100px Reigned at least 7 years - Sekhemre Shedtawy Sobekemsaf II 100px His tomb was robbed and burned during the reign of Ramses IX - Sekhemre-Wepmaat Intef V 100px - - Nubkheperre Intef VI 100px Reigned more than 3 years - Sekhemre-Heruhirmaat Intef VII 100px - - Senakhtenre Ahmose - - c. 1558 BC Seqenenre Tao 100px Died in battle against the Hyksos.  1558–1554 BC Kamose 100px  1554–1549 BC

The early 17th Dynasty may also have comprised the reign of a pharaoh Nebmaatre، whose chronological position is uncertain.

 New Kingdom 

The New Kingdom (1550–1077 BC) is the period covering the Eighteenth، Nineteenth، and Twentieth dynasty of Egypt، from the 16th to the 11th century BC, between the Second Intermediate Period، and the Third Intermediate Period۔

Through military dominance abroad, the New Kingdom saw Egypt's greatest territorial extent. It expanded far into Nubia in the south, and held wide territories in the مشرق قریب۔ Egyptian armies fought with Hittite armies for control of modern-day شام۔

Two of the best known pharaohs of the New Kingdom are Akhenaten، also known as Amenhotep IV, whose exclusive worship of the آتون is often interpreted as the first instance of monotheism، and رمسيس ثانی، who attempted to recover the territories in modern Israel/Palestine، لبنان and شام that had been held in the Eighteenth Dynasty. His reconquest led to the Battle of Qadesh، where he led the Egyptian armies against the army of the Hittite king Muwatalli II۔

 Eighteenth Dynasty 
The Eighteenth Dynasty ruled from c. 1550 to 1292 BC:
 Name Image Comments Dates Nebpehtire Ahmose I، Ahmosis I 100px Brother and successor to Kamose, conquered north of Egypt from the Hyksos. c. 1550–1525 BCE; Radiocarbon date range for the start of his reign is 1570–1544 BCE, the mean point of which is 1557 BCEChristopher Bronk Ramsey et al.، Radiocarbon-Based Chronology for Dynastic Egypt، Science 18 جون 2010: Vol. 328. no. 5985, pp. 1554–1557. Djeserkare Amenhotep I 100px - 1541–1520 Aakheperkare Thutmose I 100px - 1520–1492 Aakheperenre Thutmose II 100px - 1492–1479 Maatkare Hatshepsut 100px The second known female ruler, though quite possibly the seventh (the reigns of five other women are likely, but disputed)۔ Recent evidence suggests she died of bone cancer.Tooth clinches identification of Egyptian queen1479–1458 Menkheperre Thutmose III 100px Often called the "نپولین of Egypt." Dominated early in his reign by his stepmother Hatshepsut; after she died, he began expanding Egyptian rule into the سرزمین شام۔ 1479–1425 Aakheperrure Amenhotep II 100px - 1425–1400 Menkheperure Thutmose IV 100px - 1400–1390 Nebmaatre Amenhotep III The Magnificent King 100px Ruled Egypt at the peak of its power, surpassed all pharaohs in numbers of monuments built and statues erected. His mortuary temple was the largest ever built, only to be destroyed by Rameses II. Recent DNA testing proved he was the grandfather of Tutankhamun. 1390–1352 Neferkheperure-waenre Amenhotep IV/Akhenaten 100px Founder of brief period of a solar-centered religion (Atenism)۔ His original name means "آمون is pleased." 1352–1334 Ankhkheperure Smenkhkare 100px Co-regent and successor of Akhenaten. The identity of this individual is uncertain and disputed. Usually believed to be either a son or son-in-law of Akhenaten but sometimes identified as Akhenaten's wife Nefertiti۔ Other scholars distinguish two individuals between Akhenaten and Tutankhamun, namely Smenkhkare, who is then seen as male, and a female ruler, who is then most often identified as Akhenaten's eldest daughter Meritaten 1334–1333 Nebkheperure Tutankhaten/توتخ آمون 100px Commonly believed to be the son of Akhenaten, probably reinstated the polytheistic religion and the name change reflects the change in primary deity from Aten to Amun. He is also known as the boy king. 1333–1324 Kheperkheperure Ay 100px Close advisor to two and perhaps three of the pharaohs who ruled before him and was said to be the power behind the throne during Tutankhamun's reign. 1324–1320 Djeserkheperure-setpenre Horemheb 100px Former General and advisor to توتخ آمون۔ Obliterated images of the Amarna queens and kings (all except Amenhotep III and Tiye)۔ 1320–1292

 Nineteenth Dynasty 
The Nineteenth Dynasty ruled from 1292 to 1186 BC and includes one of the greatest pharaohs: رمسيس ثانی the Great:

 Name Image Comments Dates Menpehtire Ramesses I 100px - 1292–1290 Menmaatre Seti I 100px - 1290–1279 Usermaatre-setpenre Ramesses II the Great 100px The ruler usually associated with موسیٰ علیہ السلام; he reached a stalemate with the Hittites at the Battle of Kadesh in 1275 BC, after which a peace treaty was signed in 1258 BC 1279–1213 Banenre Merenptah 100px A stele describing campaigns in لیبیا and کنعان contains the only extant reference to "Israel" in Ancient Egyptian records. 1213–1203 Menmire-setpenre Amenmesse 100px - 1203–1200 Userkheperure Seti II 100px - 1203–1197 Sekhaenre/Akhenre Merenptah Siptah 100px - 1197–1191 Satre-merenamun Tausret 100px A rare female ruler also known as Tawosret in some places, she was probably the wife of Seti II. 1191–1190

 Twentieth Dynasty 
The Twentieth Dynasty ruled from 1190 to 1077 BC:

 Name Image Comments Dates Userkhaure Setnakht 100px - 1190–1186 Usermaatre-meryamun Ramesses III 100px Fought the Sea Peoples in 1175 BC. Died assassinated in a harem plot. 1186–1155 User/Heqamaatre-setpenamun Ramesses IV 100px - 1155–1149 Usermaatre-sekheperenre Ramesses V 100px - 1149–1145 Nebmaatre-meryamun Ramesses VI 100px - 1145–1137 Usermaatre-setpenre-meryamun Ramesses VII 100px - 1137–1130 Usermaatre-akhenamun Ramesses VIII 100px - 1130–1129 Neferkare-setpenre Ramesses IX 100px - 1129–1111 Khepermaatre-setpenptah Ramesses XGrimal (1992) p.291 100px - 1111–1107 Menmaatre-setpenptah Ramesses XI 100px Ended rule sharing power with High Priest of Amun Herihor ruling in the south and Smendes I ruling in the north, a period known as wehem mesut۔ 1107–1077

 Third Intermediate Period 
The Third Intermediate Period (1077–732 BC) marked the end of the New Kingdom after the collapse of the Egyptian empire. A number of dynasties of لیبیاn origin ruled, giving this period its alternative name of the Libyan Period.

 Twenty-First Dynasty 
The Twenty-First Dynasty was based at Tanis and was a relatively weak group. Theoretically, they were rulers of all Egypt, but in practice their influence was limited to Lower Egypt. They ruled from 1069 to 943 BC

 Name Image Comments Dates Hedjkheperre-setpenre NesbanebdjedCerny p.645 100px Also known as Smendes I 1077–1051 Neferkare Heqawaset Amenemnisu 100px - 1051–1047 Aakheperre Pasebakhenniut I (Psusennes I) 100px Also known as the Silver Pharaoh 1047–1001 Usermaatre Amenemope 100px - 1001–992 Aakheperre Setepenre Osorkon (Osorkon the Elder) 100px - * (Osochor ) 992–986 Netjerikheperre-setpenamun Siamun-meryamun 100px - 986–967 Titkheperure Pasebakhenniut II (Psusennes II) 100px - 967–943

 Twenty-Second Dynasty 
The pharaohs of the Twenty-Second Dynasty were لیبیاns, ruling from around 943 to 728 BC:
 Name Image Comments Dates Hedjkheperre-setepenre Shoshenq I 100px 943–922 Sekhemkheperre Osorkon I 100px - 922–887 Heqakheperre Shoshenq II 100px - 887–885 Takelot I 100px - 885–872 Hedjkheperre Harsiese 100px A rebel, at Thebes 880–860 Usermaatre-setepenamun Osorkon II 100px - 872–837 Usermaatre-setepenre Shoshenq III 100px - 837–798 Shoshenq IV - 798–785 Usermaatre-setepenre Pami 100px - 785–778 Aakheperre Shoshenq V 100px - 778–740 Aakheperre-setepenamun Osorkon IV 100px - 740–720

 Twenty-Third Dynasty 
The Twenty-Third Dynasty was a local group, again of لیبیاn origin, based at Herakleopolis and Thebes that ruled from 837 to c. 735 BC:
 Name Image Comments Dates Hedjkheperre-setpenre Takelot II 100px Previously thought to be a 22nd Dynasty pharaoh, he is now known to be the founder of the 23rd 837–813 Usermaatre-setepenamun Pedubast 100px A rebel—seized Thebes from Takelot II 826–801 Usermaatre-setepenamun Iuput I Co-regent with Pedubast 812–811 Usermaatre Shoshenq VI Successor to Pedubast 801–795 Usermaatre-setepenamun Osorkon III 100px Son of Takelot II; recovered Thebes, then proclaimed himself king 795–767 Usermaatre-setpenamun Takelot III 100px Co-reign with his father Osorkon III for the first five years of his reign. 773–765 Usermaatre-setpenamun Rudamun 100px Younger son of Osorkon III and brother of Takelot III. 765–762

Rudamun was succeeded in Thebes by a local ruler:
 Name Image Comments Dates Menkheperre Ini 100px Reigned at Thebes only 762-?

 The Libu 
Not recognised as a dynasty as such, the Libu were yet another group of western nomads (لیبیاns) who occupied the western Delta from 805 to 732 BC.

 Name Image Comments Dates Inamunnifnebu 805–795 ? - 795–780 Niumateped - 780–755 Titaru - 763–755 Ker - 755–750 Rudamon - 750–745 Ankhor - 745–736 Tefnakht - 736–732

 Twenty-Fourth Dynasty 
The Twenty-fourth Dynasty was a short-lived rival dynasty located in the western Delta (Sais)، with only two Pharaoh ruling from 732 to 720 BC.

 Name Image Comments Dates Shepsesre Tefnakhte 100px - 732–725 Wahkare Bakenrenef (Bocchoris) 100px - 725–720

 Late period 
The Late Period runs from 732 BC to Egypt becoming a province of Rome 30 ق م میں، and includes periods of rule by Nubians, Persians، and مقدونیہ (قدیم مملکت)ians.

 Twenty-fifth Dynasty 
Nubians invaded Lower Egypt and took the throne of Egypt under Piye although they already controlled Thebes and Upper Egypt in the early years of Piye's reign. Piye's conquest of Lower Egypt established the Twenty-fifth Dynasty which ruled until 656 BC.
 Name Image Comments Dates Usermaatre Piye 100px King of Nubia; conquered Egypt in 20th year; full reign at least 24 years, possibly 30+ years 752–721 according to Dan'el Kahn Neferkare Shabaka 100px - 721–707/706 according to Rolf Krauss/David WarburtonR. Krauss and D.A. Warburton، "Chronological Table for the Dynastic Period" in Erik Hornung، Rolf Krauss & David Warburton (editors)، Ancient Egyptian Chronology (Handbook of Oriental Studies)، Brill, 2006. p.494 Djedkaure Shebitku 100px - 707/706–690 according to Dan'el KahnDan'el Kahn, "The Inscription of Sargon II at Tang-i Var and the Chronology of Dynasty 25," Orientalia 70 (2001)، pp.1-18 Khuinefertemre Taharqa 100px - 690–664 Bakare Tantamani 100px lost control of Upper Egypt in 656 BC when Psamtik I extended his authority into Thebes in that year. 664–653

They were ultimately driven back into Nubia, where they established a kingdom at Napata (656–590)، and, later, at مرواہ (590 BC – 4th century AD)۔

 Twenty-sixth Dynasty 
The Twenty-sixth Dynasty ruled from around 672 to 525 BC.

 Name Image Comments Dates Menkheperre Nekau I (Necho I) 100px Was killed by an invading مملکت کوش force in 664 BC under Tantamani۔ Father of Psamtik I۔ 672 – 664 BC Wahibre Psamtik I (Psammetichus I) 100px Reunified Egypt. Son of Necho I and father of نکوہ دوم۔ 664 – 610 BC Wehemibre Necho II (Necho II) 100px Most likely the pharaoh mentioned in several books of the کتاب مقدس۔ Son of Psamtik I and father of Psamtik II۔ 610 – 595 BC Neferibre Psamtik II (Psammetichus II) 100px Son of نکوہ دوم and father of Apries۔ 595 – 589 BC Haaibre Wahibre (Apries) 100px Fled Egypt after Amasis II (who was a general at the time) declared himself pharaoh following a civil war. Son of Psamtik II۔ 589 – 570 BC Khnemibre Ahmose II (Amasis II) 100px He was the last great ruler of Egypt before the Persian conquest. According to the Greek historian هيرودوت، he was of common origins. Father of Psamtik III۔ 570 – 526 BC Ankhkaenre Psamtik III (Psammetichus III) 100px Son of Amasis II۔ Ruled for about six months before being defeated by the Persians in the Battle of Pelusium and subsequently executed. 526 – 525 BC

 Twenty-seventh Dynasty 
Egypt was conquered by the Persian Empire in 525 BC and annexed by the Persians until 404 BC. The Achaemenid shahs were acknowledged as pharaohs in this era, forming a "Twenty-seventh" Dynasty:

 Name Image Comments Dates Metsuire Cambyses (Cambyses II) 100px Defeated Psamtik III at the Battle of Pelusium at 525 BC 525 – 521 BC Petubastis III 100px A native Egyptian rebel in the Delta 522/21 – 520 BC Smerdis (Bardiya) Son of کورش اعظم 522 – 521 BC Setutre Darius I the Great 100px - 521 – 486 BC Xerxes I the Great 100px - 486 – 465 BC Artabanus the Hyrcanian - 465 – 464 BC اردشیراول Longhand 100px - 464 – 424 BC Xerxes II claimant 424 – 423 BC Sogdianus claimant 424 – 423 BC Darius II 100px 424 – 404 BC

 Twenty-eighth Dynasty 
The Twenty-eighth Dynasty lasted only 6 years, from 404 to 398 BC, with one Pharaoh:
 Name Image Comments Dates Amyrtaeus Descendant of the Saite pharaohs of the Twenty-sixth Dynasty; led a successful revolt against the Persians. 404 – 398 BC

 Twenty-ninth Dynasty 
The Twenty-ninth Dynasty ruled from 398 to 380 BC:
 Name Image Comments Dates Baenre Nefaarud I 100px Also known as Nepherites. Defeated Amyrtaeus in open battle and had him executed. 398 – 393 BC Psammuthes 100px - 393 BC Khenemmaatre Hakor (Achoris) 100px Overthrew his predecessor Psammuthes. Father of Nefaarud II. 393 – 380 BC Nefaarud II Was deposed and likely killed by Nectanebo I after ruling for only 4 months. Son of Hakor. 380 BC

 Thirtieth Dynasty 
The Thirtieth Dynasty ruled from 380 until Egypt once more came under Persian rule in 343 BC:
 Name Image Comments Dates Kheperkare Nekhtnebef (Nectanebo I) 100px Also known as Nekhtnebef. Deposed and likely killed Nefaarud II, starting the last dynasty of native Egyptians. Father of Teos. 380 – 362 BC Irimaatenre Djedher (Teos) 100px Co-regent with his father Nectanebo I from about 365 BC. Was overthrown by Nectanebo II with the aid of Agesilaus II of Sparta. 362 – 360 BC Senedjemibre Nakhthorhebyt (Nectanebo II) 100px Last native ruler of ancient Egypt 360 – 343 BC

 Thirty-first Dynasty 
Egypt again came under the control of the Achaemenid Persians. After the practice of Manetho، the Persian rulers from 343 to 332 BC are occasionally designated as the Thirty-first Dynasty:
 Name Image Comments Dates Artaxerxes III 100px Egypt came under Persian rule for the second time 343–338 BC Artaxerxes IV Arses Only reigned in Lower Egypt 338–336 BC Khababash 100px Rebel pharaoh who led an invasion in Nubia 338–335 BC Darius III 100px Upper Egypt returned to Persian control in 335 BC 336–332 BC

Argead Dynasty
The مقدونیہ (قدیم مملکت)ians under سکندر اعظم ushered in the Hellenistic period with his conquest of Persia and Egypt. The Argeads ruled from 332 to 309 BC:

 Name Image Comments Dates Setepenre-meryamun Alexander III (Alexander the Great) 100px مقدونیہ (قدیم مملکت) conquered Persia and Egypt 332–323 BC Philip III Arrhidaeus 100px Feeble-minded half-brother of Alexander III the Great 323–317 BC Haaibre Alexander IV 100px Son of Alexander III the Great and Roxana 317–309 BC

 Ptolemaic Dynasty 

The second Hellenistic dynasty, the Ptolemies، ruled Egypt from 305 BC until Egypt became a province of Rome in 30 BC (whenever two dates overlap, that means there was a co-regency)۔ The most famous member of this dynasty was قلوپطرہ، who in modern times is known simply as قلوپطرہ who was successively the consort of جولیس سیزر and after Caesar's death, of مارک انتھونی، and had children with both of them. Cleopatra strove to create a dynastic and political union between Egypt and Rome but the assassination of Caesar and the defeat of Mark Antony doomed her plans. Caesarion (Ptolemy XV Philopator Philometor Caesar) was the last king of the Ptolemaic dynasty of Egypt, he reigned jointly with his mother Cleopatra VII of Egypt, from ستمبر 2, 47 BC. He was the eldest son of Cleopatra VII, and possibly the only son of جولیس سیزر، after whom he was named. Between the alleged death of Cleopatra, on اگست 12, 30 BC, up to his own alleged death on اگست 23, 30 BC, he was nominally the sole pharaoh. It is tradition that he was hunted down and killed on the orders of Octavian, who would become the رومی شہنشاہ آگسٹس، but the historical evidence does not exist.

 Name Image Comments Dates Setepenre-meryamun Ptolemy I Soter 100px Abdicated in 285 BC; died in 283 BC 305–285 BC Berenice I 100px Wife of Ptolemy I ?–285 BC Weserkare-meryamun Ptolemy II Philadelphos 100px - 288–246 BC Arsinoe I 100px Wife of Ptolemy II 284/281-c. 274 BC Arsinoe II 100px Wife of Ptolemy II 277–270 BC Ptolemy III Euergetes I 100px - 246–222 BC Berenice II100px Wife of Ptolemy III 244/243–222 BC Ptolemy IV Philopator100px - 222–204 BC Arsinoe III 100px Wife of Ptolemy IV 220–204 BC Hugronaphor Revolutionary Pharaoh in the South 205–199 BC Ankhmakis Revolutionary Pharaoh in the South 199–185 BC Ptolemy V Epiphanes 100px Upper Egypt in revolt 207–186 BC 204–180 BC Cleopatra I 100px Wife of Ptolemy V, co-regent with Ptolemy VI during his minority 193–176 BC Ptolemy VI Philometor 100px Died 145 BC 180–164 BC Cleopatra II 100px Wife of Ptolemy VI 175–164 BC Ptolemy VIII Euergetes II 100px Proclaimed king by اسکندریہns in 170 BC; ruled jointly with Ptolemy VI Philometor and Cleopatra II from 169 to 164 BC. Died 116 BC 171–163 BC Ptolemy VI Philometor 100px Egypt under the control of Ptolemy VIII 164 BC–163 BC; Ptolemy VI restored 163 BC 163–145 BC Cleopatra II 100px Married Ptolemy VIII; led revolt against him in 131 BC and became sole ruler of Egypt. 163–127 BC Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator Proclaimed co-ruler by father; later ruled under regency of his mother Cleopatra II 145–144 BC Ptolemy VIII Euergetes II 100px Restored 145–131 BC Cleopatra III 100px Second wife of Ptolemy VIII 142–131 BC Ptolemy Memphitis Proclaimed King by Cleopatra II; soon killed by Ptolemy VIII 131 BC Ptolemy VIII Euergetes II 100px Restored 127–116 BC Cleopatra III 100px Restored with Ptolemy VIII; later co-regent with Ptolemy IX and X. 127–107 BC Cleopatra II 100px Reconciled with Ptolemy VIII; co-ruled with Cleopatra III and Ptolemy until 116. 124–116 BC Ptolemy IX Soter II 100px Died 80 BC 116–110 BC Cleopatra IV Shortly married to Ptolemy IX, but was pushed out by Cleopatra III 116–115 BC Ptolemy X Alexander I 100px Died 88 BC 110–109 BC Berenice III Forced to marry Ptolemy XI; murdered on his orders 19 days later 81–80 BC Ptolemy XI Alexander II Young son of Ptolemy X Alexander; installed by Sulla; ruled for 80 days before being lynched by citizens for killing Berenice III 80 BC Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos (Auletes) 100px Son of Ptolemy IX; died 51 BC 80– 58 BC Cleopatra V Tryphaena Wife of Ptolemy XII, mother of Berenice IV 79–68 BC Cleopatra VI Daughter of Ptolemy XII 58–57 BC Berenice IV Daughter of Ptolemy XII; forced to marry Seleucus Kybiosaktes, but has him strangled. Joint rule with Cleopatra VI until 57 BC. 58–55 BC Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos 100px Restored; reigned briefly with his daughter Cleopatra VII before his death 55–51 BC قلوپطرہ 100px Jointly with her father Ptolemy XII, her brother Ptolemy XIII, her brother-husband Ptolemy XIV, and her son Ptolemy XV; also known simply as Cleopatra 51–30 BC Ptolemy XIII Brother of Cleopatra VII 51–47 BC Arsinoe IV In opposition to Cleopatra VII 48–47 BC Ptolemy XIV 100px Younger brother of Cleopatra VII and Ptolemy XIII 47–44 BC Ptolemy XV 100px Infant son of Cleopatra VII; aged 3 when proclaimed co-ruler with Cleopatra. Last known ruler of ancient Egypt when Rome took over. 44–30 BC

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