Cleopatra

I Cleopatra VII Thea Philopator  70/69 BC-10 Augost 30 BC) Reina né ning Kayarian a Ptolemaico ning Minunang Ehipto manibat anyang 51 anggang 30 BC, ampó ing kayang tawling activong mig-árî.<ref">Métung yá múring diplomatico, naval commander, linguista, ampóng talasúlat king medicina and .</ref> Kayanib ya king Ptolemaic dynasty, at palipi ne ning mitatag kaniti, i Ptolemy I Soter, metung a heneral a Macedniong Griego a kayabe nang  Alexander the Great. writes about Ptolemy I Soter: "The Ptolemaic dynasty, of which Cleopatra was the last representative, was founded at the end of the fourth century BC. The Ptolemies were not of Egyptian extraction, but stemmed from Ptolemy Soter, a Macedonian Greek in the entourage of Alexander the Great."For additional sources that describe the Ptolemaic dynasty as "Macedonian Greek", please see , , ,  and . Alternatively,  describes them as a "Macedonian, Greek-speaking" dynasty. Other sources such as  and  describe the Ptolemies as "Greco-Macedonian", or rather Macedonians who possessed a Greek culture, as in . Kamaté nang Cleopatra, mégí yang provincia ning Imperio Romano, at méyárí ya ing tauling estadong Helenistica ampó ing panaun ning kasalésáyan a migumpisa king pángamaté nang Alejandrong Mapia. king Mediterraneo. Ing Griegong Koine ing múmúná nang amánung Cleopatra, at yá kabud karéng ménibalang Ptolemaicong mébyása king amánung Egipcio. notes that the Hellenistic period, beginning with the reign of Alexander the Great, came to an end with the death of Cleopatra in 30 BC. Michael Grant stresses that the Hellenistic Greeks were viewed by contemporary Romans as having declined and diminished in greatness since the age of Classical Greece, an attitude that has continued even into the works of modern historiography. Regarding Hellenistic Egypt, Grant argues, "Cleopatra VII, looking back upon all that her ancestors had done during that time, was not likely to make the same mistake. But she and her contemporaries of the first century BC had another, peculiar, problem of their own. Could the 'Hellenistic Age' (which we ourselves often regard as coming to an end in about her time) still be said to exist at all, could any Greek age, now that the Romans were the dominant power? This was a question never far from Cleopatra's mind. But it is quite certain that she considered the Greek epoch to be by no means finished, and intended to do everything in her power to ensure its perpetuation." Her first language was Koine Greek and she is the only known Ptolemaic ruler to learn the Egyptian language.