Paraluman

Ing paraluman (compass o mariner's compass king Ingles) metung yang kasangkapan king pamaglayag (navigational instrument) bang abalu ing nangan o direksiun king Yatu. Atin yang pánurung (pointer) magnetized o mebatubalani a timawang tumulid king magnetic field ning Yatu, at maragul yang saup king pamaglayag. Keraklan, makamarka la king lupa ning paraluman deng mamuntukan a nangan (cardinal directions o cardinal points) ning pangulu, mauli, aslagan ampong albugan. Maragul ing paniulung a miliari king kalakal king kadayatmalatan uli ning paraluman, uling meging mas ligtas ampong mas malagua ing pamaglakbe. Maliari yang gamitan ing paraluman ba yang carculan ing heading o direksiun/nangan a pupuntalan. Nung gamitan yang kayabe ya ing metung a sextant, maliari neng ibie ing latitude, at nung maki marine chronometer, ing longitude. Uli na niti, minasensu ing pamaglayag, dapot ngening bayu-bayu pamu, miyalilan ne kareng makabayung kasangkapan, anti ing gyrocompass ampo ing Global Positioning System (GPS). 

 Lon la murin deti 
 w:Absolute bearing
 w:Azimuth
 w:Beam compass
 w:Boxing the compass
 w:Brunton compass
 w:Compass direction using a watch
 w:Compass rose
 w:Coordinates
 w:Earth Inductor Compass
 w:Fluxgate compass
 Global positioning system (GPS)
 w:Gyrocompass
 w:Hand compass
 w:Inertial navigation system
 w:Marching line
 Pelorus
 w:Protractor compass
 w:Radio compass
 w:Radio direction finder
 w:Relative bearing
 w:Surveyor's compass
 w:Thumb compass
 w:Wrist compass

 Notes 

 Dalerayan 
 Admiralty, Great Britain (1915) Admiralty manual of navigation, 1914, Chapter XXV: "The Magnetic Compass (continued): the analysis and correction of the deviation", London : HMSO, 525 p.
 Aczel, Amir D. (2001) The Riddle of the Compass: The Invention that Changed the World, 1st Ed., New York : Harcourt, ISBN 0-15-600753-3
 Carlson, John B. (1975) "Lodestone Compass: Chinese or Olmec Primacy?: Multidisciplinary analysis of an Olmec hematite artifact from San Lorenzo, Veracruz, Mexico”, Science, 189 (4205 : 5 September),  p. 753-760, DOI 10.1126/science.189.4205.753
 Gies, Frances and Gies, Joseph (1994) Cathedral, Forge, and Waterwheel: Technology and Invention in the Middle Age, New York : HarperCollins, ISBN 0-06-016590-1
 Gurney, Alan (2004) Compass: A Story of Exploration and Innovation, London : Norton, ISBN 0-393-32713-2

 Kreutz, Barbara M. (1973) "Mediterranean Contributions to the Medieval Mariner's Compass", Technology and Culture, 14 (3: July), p. 367–383
 Lane, Frederic C. (1963) "The Economic Meaning of the Invention of the Compass", The American Historical Review, 68 (3: April), p. 605–617
 Li Shu-hua (1954) "Origine de la Boussole 11. Aimant et Boussole", Isis, 45 (2: July), p. 175–196
 Ludwig, Karl-Heinz and Schmidtchen, Volker (1997) Metalle und Macht: 1000 bis 1600, Propyläen Technikgeschichte, Berlin : Propyläen-Verl., ISBN 3-549-05633-8
 Ma, Huan (1997) Ying-yai sheng-lan [The overall survey of the ocean's shores (1433)], Feng, Ch'eng-chün (ed.) and Mills, J.V.G. (transl.), Bangkok : White Lotus Press, ISBN 974-8496-78-3 
 Needham, Joseph (1986) Science and civilisation in China, Vol. 4: "Physics and physical technology", Pt. 1: "Physics", Taipei: Caves Books, originally publ. by Cambridge University Press (1962), ISBN 0-521-05802-3
 Needham, Joseph and Ronan, Colin A. (1986) The shorter Science and civilisation in China : an abridgement of Joseph Needham's original text, Vol. 3, Chapter 1: "Magnetism and Electricity", Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-25272-5
 Taylor, E.G.R. (1951) "The South-Pointing Needle", Imago Mundi, 8, p. 1–7
 Temple, Robert. (1986). The Genius of China: 3,000 Years of Science, Discovery, and Invention. With a forward by Joseph Needham. New York: Simon and Schuster, Inc. ISBN 0-671-62028-2.
 Williams, J.E.D. (1992) From Sails to Satellites: the origin and development of navigational science, Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-856387-6
 Zhou, Daguan (2007) The customs of Cambodia, translated into English from the French version by Paul Pelliot of Zhou's Chinese original by J. Gilman d'Arcy Paul, Phnom Penh : Indochina Books, prev publ. by Bangkok : Siam Society (1993), ISBN 974-8298-25-6

 Suglung palual 

 USGS Geomagnetism Program
 Science Friday, "The Riddle of the Compass " (interview with Amir Aczel, first broadcast on NPR on May 31, 2002).
 Paul J. Gans, The Medieval Technology Pages: Compass 
 The Tides By Sir William Thomson (Lord Kelvin)
 Evening Lecture To The British Association At The Southampton Meeting on Friday, August 25, 1882 . Refers to compass correction by Fourier series.
 Arrick Robots. Robotics.com Example implementation for digital solid-state compass. ARobot Digital Compass App Note 
 How a tilt sensor works. David Pheifer 
 The Gear Junkie  - review of two orienteering thumb compasses
 The good compass video  - A video about important abilities a compass should have
 The Internet Compass Museum gives comprehensive information about all sorts of compasses and how to use them.
 Beware: The Brief History of the Bezard compass (1852 – 1971) on the Knowfuture  site is a hoax. There is no such village in France. A Jewish family Bézard never existed. The Bezard compass was created by Johann von Bézard, an Austrian Colonel of French Huguenot origin and built by the LUFFT company in Germany whose factory was in Stuttgart. The BASF chemical company is situated on the river Rhine in Ludwigshafen. The whole story is beautiful but unfortunately untrue. Reliable information can be found on the following private sites:
 Der Bézard-Kompaß  (German)
 La Original Bezard... .
 Compass collector : rare old compasses (Bézard)!
 The virtual compass museum - the greatest collection of compasses 
 Geography fieldwork
 Travel Island

Category:Navigational equipment
Category:Hiking equipment
Category:Orienteering
Category:Orientation
Category:Travel gear
Category:Traditional Chinese objects