ਸਾਹਿਤ ਦਾ ਨੋਬਲ ਇਨਾਮ ਜੇਤੂ

ਸਾਹਿਤ ਦਾ ਨੋਬਲ ਇਨਾਮ (ਸਵੀਡਨੀ: Nobelpriset i litteratur) ਸਾਹਿਤ ਦੇ ਖੇਤਰ ਵਿੱਚ ਸ਼ਾਨਦਾਰ ਯੋਗਦਾਨ ਲਈ ਲੇਖਕਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਸਵੀਡਿਸ਼ ਅਕੈਡਮੀ ਦੁਆਰਾ ਸਲਾਨਾ ਪੁਰਸਕਾਰ ਦਿੱਤਾ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ। ਇਹ ਐਲਫਰੈਡ ਨੋਬੇਲ ਦੀ 1895 ਦੀ ਵਸੀਅਤ ਨਾਲ ਸਥਾਪਿਤ ਪੰਜ ਨੋਬਲ ਪੁਰਸਕਾਰਾਂ ਵਿਚੋਂ ਇੱਕ ਹੈ, ਜੋ ਕਿ ਕੈਮਿਸਟਰੀ, ਫਿਜ਼ਿਕਸ, ਸਾਹਿਤ, ਸ਼ਾਂਤੀ, ਅਤੇ ਫਿਜ਼ੀਓਲੋਜੀ ਜਾਂ ਦਵਾਈਆਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਸ਼ਾਨਦਾਰ ਯੋਗਦਾਨ ਲਈ ਦਿੱਤੇ ਜਾਂਦੇ ਹਨ।  ਨੋਬਲ ਦੀ ਵਸੀਅਤ ਦੇ ਆਦੇਸ਼ ਅਨੁਸਾਰ ਇਸ ਪੁਰਸਕਾਰ ਦਾ ਇੰਤਜ਼ਾਮ ਨੋਬਲ ਫਾਊਂਡੇਸ਼ਨ ਚਲਾਉਂਦੀ, ਹੈ ਅਤੇ ਸਵੀਡਿਸ਼ ਅਕੈਡਮੀ ਦੁਆਰਾ ਚੁਣੀ ਇੱਕ ਪੰਜ ਮੈਂਬਰੀ ਕਮੇਟੀ ਸਨਮਾਨ ਦਿੰਦੀ ਹੈ।  ਸਾਹਿਤ ਵਿੱਚ ਪਹਿਲਾ ਨੋਬਲ ਪੁਰਸਕਾਰ 1901 ਵਿੱਚ ਫਰਾਂਸ ਦੇ ਸੁੱਲੀ ਪਰੁਧੋਮ ਨੂੰ ਦਿੱਤਾ ਗਿਆ ਸੀ।  ਹਰੇਕ ਪ੍ਰਾਪਤਕਰਤਾ ਨੂੰ ਇੱਕ ਤਮਗਾ, ਇੱਕ ਡਿਪਲੋਮਾ ਅਤੇ ਇੱਕ ਮੁਦਰਾ-ਰਾਸੀ ਐਵਾਰਡ ਪੁਰਸਕਾਰ ਪ੍ਰਾਪਤ ਹੁੰਦਾ ਹੈ ਜੋ ਕਿ ਸਮੇਂ ਸਮੇਂ ਭਿੰਨ ਰਹੀ ਹੈ। 1901 ਵਿੱਚ, ਪ੍ਰੌਧਮ ਨੂੰ 150,782 ਸੇਕ ਪ੍ਰਾਪਤ ਹੋਇਆ, ਜੋ ਕਿ ਜਨਵਰੀ 2018 ਵਿੱਚ 8,823,637.78 ਸੇਕ ਦੇ ਬਰਾਬਰ ਹੈ। ਇਹ ਪੁਰਸਕਾਰ 10 ਦਸੰਬਰ ਨੂੰ ਨੋਬਲ ਦੀ ਮੌਤ ਦੀ ਬਰਸੀ ਮੌਕੇ ਇੱਕ ਸਾਲਾਨਾ ਸਮਾਗਮ ਵਿੱਚ ਸਟਾਕਹੋਮ ਵਿੱਚ ਦਿੱਤਾ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ। 

2017 ਦੇ ਅਨੁਸਾਰ, ਸਾਹਿਤ ਵਿੱਚ ਨੋਬਲ ਪੁਰਸਕਾਰ 114 ਵਿਅਕਤੀਆਂ ਨੂੰ ਦਿੱਤਾ ਗਿਆ ਹੈ। 1958 ਵਿੱਚ ਰੂਸ-ਜਨਮੇ ਬੋਰਿਸ ਪਾਸਤਰਨਾਕ ਨੂੰ ਸੋਵੀਅਤ ਯੂਨੀਅਨ ਦੀ ਸਰਕਾਰ ਦੇ ਦਬਾਅ ਹੇਠ ਅਵਾਰਡ ਨੂੰ ਰੱਦ ਕਰਨ ਲਈ ਮਜ਼ਬੂਰ ਕੀਤਾ ਗਿਆ ਸੀ। 1964 ਵਿੱਚ, ਯਾਂ-ਪਾਲ ਸਾਰਤਰ ਨੇ ਕਿਹਾ ਸੀ ਕਿ ਉਹ ਨੋਬਲ ਪੁਰਸਕਾਰ ਨਹੀਂ ਲੈਣਾ ਚਾਹੁੰਦਾ, ਕਿਉਂਕਿ ਉਸਨੇ ਪਿਛਲੇ ਲਗਾਤਾਰ ਸਾਰੇ ਸਰਕਾਰੀ ਸਨਮਾਨਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਰੱਦ ਕਰ ਦਿੱਤਾ ਸੀ।  ਹਾਲਾਂਕਿ ਨੋਬਲ ਕਮੇਟੀ ਇਨਕਾਰਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਸਵੀਕਾਰ ਨਹੀਂ ਕਰਦੀ, ਅਤੇ ਪਾਸ਼ਤਰਨਾਕ ਅਤੇ ਸਾਰਤਰ ਨੂੰ ਨੋਬਲ ਪੁਰਸਕਾਰ ਲੈਣ ਵਾਲਿਆਂ ਦੀ ਸੂਚੀ ਵਿੱਚ ਸ਼ਾਮਲ ਰੱਖਿਆ ਹੋਇਆ ਹੈ।

ਚੌਦਾਂ ਔਰਤਾਂ ਨੇ ਸਾਹਿਤ ਵਿੱਚ ਨੋਬਲ ਪੁਰਸਕਾਰ ਜਿੱਤਿਆ ਹੈ, ਜੋ ਨੋਬਲ ਸ਼ਾਂਤੀ ਪੁਰਸਕਾਰ ਨੂੰ ਛੱਡ ਕੇ ਕਿਸੇ ਹੋਰ ਨੋਬਲ ਪੁਰਸਕਾਰ ਨਾਲੋਂ ਜ਼ਿਆਦਾ ਹੈ। . ਸਾਰੇ ਸਾਲਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਸਾਹਿਤ ਵਿੱਚ ਨੋਬਲ ਪੁਰਸਕਾਰ ਦਿੱਤਾ ਗਿਆ ਹੈ, ਸਿਰਫ਼ ਚਾਰ ਵਾਰ ਅਜਿਹੇ ਮੌਕੇ ਆਏ ਹਨ ਜਿਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਦੋ ਵਿਅਕਤੀਆਂ (1904, 1917, 1966, 1974) ਨੂੰ ਪੁਰਸਕਾਰ ਦਿੱਤਾ ਗਿਆ ਸੀ। ਸੱਤ ਸਾਲ ਅਜਿਹੇ ਹਨ, ਜਿਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਸਾਹਿਤ ਦਾ ਨੋਬਲ ਪੁਰਸਕਾਰ (1914, 1918, 1935, 1940-1943) ਨਹੀਂ ਦਿੱਤਾ ਗਿਆ ਸੀ।   ਸਾਹਿਤ ਵਿੱਚ ਨੋਬਲ ਪੁਰਸਕਾਰ ਦੇ ਸਭ ਤੋਂ ਵੱਧ ਪ੍ਰਾਪਤ ਕਰਨ ਵਾਲੇ ਫਰਾਂਸ ਤੋਂ ਰਹੇ ਹਨ, ਜਿਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਦੀ, ਕੁੱਲ ਗਿਣਤੀ 16 ਹੈ, ਇਸ ਤੋਂ ਬਾਅਦ ਸੰਯੁਕਤ ਰਾਜ ਅਮਰੀਕਾ ਅਤੇ ਸੰਯੁਕਤ ਬਾਦਸ਼ਾਹੀ ਦੇ ਗਿਆਰਾਂ ਗਿਆਰਾਂ ਹਨ। 

 ਨੋਬਲ 
ਸਾਲਤਸਵੀਰਜੇਤੂਦੇਸ਼ਭਾਸ਼ਾ(ਵਾਂ)ਹਵਾਲਾGenre(s)1901106x106pxਸੁੱਲੀ ਪਰੁਧੋਮlink=|alt=|border|23x23pxFrance French"in special recognition of his poetic composition, which gives evidence of lofty idealism, artistic perfection and a rare combination of the qualities of both heart and intellect"poetry, essay1902105x105pxਥੀਓਡੋਆ ਮਮਸੇਨlink=|alt=|border|23x23pxGermanyGerman"the greatest living master of the art of historical writing, with special reference to his monumental work, A History of Rome"history, law1903106x106pxਬਿਓਰਨਸਟਰਨ ਬਿਓਰਨਸਨlink=|alt=|border|19x19pxNorwayNorwegian"as a tribute to his noble, magnificent and versatile poetry, which has always been distinguished by both the freshness of its inspiration and the rare purity of its spirit"poetry, novel, drama1904103x103px ਫਰੇਦੇਰਿਕ ਮਿਸਤਰਾਲlink=|alt=|border|23x23pxFranceProvençal"in recognition of the fresh originality and true inspiration of his poetic production, which faithfully reflects the natural scenery and native spirit of his people, and, in addition, his significant work as a Provençal philologist"poetry, philology105x105pxਖੋਸੇ ਏਚੇਗਰਾਏlink=|alt=|border|23x23pxSpainSpanish"in recognition of the numerous and brilliant compositions which, in an individual and original manner, have revived the great traditions of the Spanish drama"drama1905102x102pxਹੈਨਰਿਕ ਸੈਂਕੀਏਵਿੱਚlink=|alt=|border|23x23pxPoland
(born in Russian empire)Polish"because of his outstanding merits as an epic writer"novel190698x98pxGiosuè Carduccilink=|alt=|border|23x23pxItalyItalian"not only in consideration of his deep learning and critical research, but above all as a tribute to the creative energy, freshness of style, and lyrical force which characterize his poetic masterpieces"poetry190790x90pxਰੁਡੂਆਰਡ ਕਿਪਲਿੰਗlink=|alt=|border|23x23pxUnited KingdomEnglish"in consideration of the power of observation, originality of imagination, virility of ideas and remarkable talent for narration that characterize the creations of this world-famous author"novel, short story, poetry1908107x107pxਰੁਡੋਲਫ਼ ਕ੍ਰਿਸਟੋਫ਼ ਯੂਕੇਨlink=|alt=|border|23x23pxGermanyGerman"in recognition of his earnest search for truth, his penetrating power of thought, his wide range of vision, and the warmth and strength in presentation with which in his numerous works he has vindicated and developed an idealistic philosophy of life"philosophy1909106x106pxਸੇਲਮਾ ਲਾਗੇਰਲੋਫ਼ link=|alt=|border|23x23pxSwedenSwedish"in appreciation of the lofty idealism, vivid imagination and spiritual perception that characterize her writings"novel, short story191096x96pxਪਾਲ ਹਾਇਜ਼link=|alt=|border|23x23pxGermanyGerman"as a tribute to the consummate artistry, permeated with idealism, which he has demonstrated during his long productive career as a lyric poet, dramatist, novelist and writer of world-renowned short stories"poetry, drama, novel, short story1911118x118pxਮੋਹਿਜ਼ ਮੈਤਿਆਲਿੰਕlink=|alt=|border|23x23pxBelgiumFrench"in appreciation of his many-sided literary activities, and especially of his dramatic works, which are distinguished by a wealth of imagination and by a poetic fancy, which reveals, sometimes in the guise of a fairy tale, a deep inspiration, while in a mysterious way they appeal to the readers' own feelings and stimulate their imaginations"drama, poetry, essay1912106x106pxਗੇਰਹਾਰਟ ਹੌਪਟਮਾਨlink=|alt=|border|23x23pxGermanyGerman"primarily in recognition of his fruitful, varied and outstanding production in the realm of dramatic art"drama, novel1913106x106pxਰਬਿੰਦਰਨਾਥ ਟੈਗੋਰ link=|alt=|border|23x23pxIndia (formerly British Raj)Bengali and English"because of his profoundly sensitive, fresh and beautiful verse, by which, with consummate skill, he has made his poetic thought, expressed in his own English words, a part of the literature of the West"poetry, novel, drama, short story, music1914Not awarded1915106x106pxਰੋਮਾਂ ਰੋਲਾਂ link=|alt=|border|23x23pxFranceFrench"as a tribute to the lofty idealism of his literary production and to the sympathy and love of truth with which he has described different types of human beings"novel1916104x104px ਵਰਨਰ ਫ਼ਾਨ ਹਾਈਡੇਨਸਟੈਮlink=|alt=|border|23x23pxSwedenSwedish"in recognition of his significance as the leading representative of a new era in our literature"poetry, novel191787x87pxਕਾਰਲ ਐਡੌਲਫ ਗੇਲੇਰੋਪlink=|alt=|border|20x20pxDenmarkDanish"for his varied and rich poetry, which is inspired by lofty ideals"poetry106x106pxਹੈਨਰਿਕ ਪੋਂਟੋਪਿਦਨlink=|alt=|border|20x20pxDenmarkDanish"for his authentic descriptions of present-day life in Denmark"novel1918Not awarded1919106x106pxਕਾਰਲ ਸਪਿੱਟਲਰlink=|alt=|border|16x16pxSwitzerlandGerman"in special appreciation of his epic, Olympian Spring"poetry192098x98pxKnut Hamsunlink=|alt=|border|21x21pxNorwayNorwegian"for his monumental work, Growth of the Soil"novel1921106x106pxਅਨਾਤੋਲੇ ਫ਼ਰਾਂਸ link=|alt=|border|23x23pxFranceFrench"in recognition of his brilliant literary achievements, characterized as they are by a nobility of style, a profound human sympathy, grace, and a true Gallic temperament"novel, poetry1922101x101pxਖਾਸਿੰਤੋ ਬਿਨਾਵੇਂਤੇlink=|alt=|border|23x23pxSpainSpanish"for the happy manner in which he has continued the illustrious traditions of the Spanish drama"drama1923107x107pxਵਿਲੀਅਮ ਬਟਲਰ ਯੇਟਸlink=|alt=|border|23x23pxIrelandEnglish"for his always inspired poetry, which in a highly artistic form gives expression to the spirit of a whole nation"poetry1924107x107pxਵਲਾਦੀਸਲਾਵ ਰੇਮੌਂਤlink=|alt=|border|23x23pxPolandPolish"for his great national epic, The Peasants"novel1925105x105pxਜਾਰਜ ਬਰਨਾਰਡ ਸ਼ਾਅlink=|alt=|border|23x23pxIrelandEnglish"for his work which is marked by both idealism and humanity, its stimulating satire often being infused with a singular poetic beauty"drama, literary criticism1926106x106pxਗਰਾਸੀਆ ਦੇਲੇਦਾlink=|alt=|border|23x23pxItalyItalian"for her idealistically inspired writings, which with plastic clarity picture the life on her native island and with depth and sympathy deal with human problems in general"poetry, novel1927105x105pxਹੈਨਰੀ ਬਰਗਸਨlink=|alt=|border|23x23pxFranceFrench"in recognition of his rich and vitalizing ideas and the brilliant skill with which they have been presented"philosophy1928119x119px ਸਿਗਰੀਡ ਅੰਡਸਟlink=|alt=|border|21x21pxNorway
(Born in Denmark)Norwegian"principally for her powerful descriptions of Northern life during the Middle Ages"novel192995x95pxਥਾਮਸ ਮਾਨlink=|alt=|border|23x23pxGermanyGerman"principally for his great novel, Buddenbrooks, which has won steadily increased recognition as one of the classic works of contemporary literature"novel, short story, essay1930105x105pxਸਿਨਕਲੇਅਰ ਲੁਈਸlink=|alt=|border|23x23pxEnglish"for his vigorous and graphic art of description and his ability to create, with wit and humour, new types of characters"novel, short story, drama193194x94pxਏਰਿਕ ਐਕਸਲ ਕਾਰਲਫੈਲਡਟlink=|alt=|border|23x23pxSwedenSwedish"The poetry of Erik Axel Karlfeldt"poetry1932101x101pxਜੌਹਨ ਗਾਲਜਵਰਦੀ link=|alt=|border|23x23pxEnglish"for his distinguished art of narration, which takes its highest form in The Forsyte Saga"novel193394x94pxਇਵਾਨ ਬੂਨਿਨlink=|alt=|border|23x23pxFrance
(Born in Russian Empire)Russian"for the strict artistry with which he has carried on the classical Russian traditions in prose writing"short story, poetry, novel193490x90pxਲੂਈਜੀ ਪਿਰਾਂਦੈਲੋlink=|alt=|border|23x23pxItalyItalian"for his bold and ingenious revival of dramatic and scenic art"drama, novel, short story1935Not awarded1936106x106pxਯੂਜੀਨ ਓਨੀਲlink=|alt=|border|23x23pxEnglish"for the power, honesty and deep-felt emotions of his dramatic works, which embody an original concept of tragedy"drama1937106x106px ਰੋਜ਼ੇ ਮਾਰਟਿਨ ਡੂ ਗਾਰlink=|alt=|border|23x23pxFranceFrench"for the artistic power and truth with which he has depicted human conflict as well as some fundamental aspects of contemporary life in his novel cycle Les Thibault"novel1938106x106pxਪਰਲ ਐੱਸ ਬੱਕlink=|alt=|border|23x23pxEnglish"for her rich and truly epic descriptions of peasant life in China and for her biographical masterpieces"novel, biography1939104x104pxਫ਼ਰੰਸ ਏਮੀਲ ਸਿਲੰਪਾlink=|alt=|border|23x23pxFinlandFinnish"for his deep understanding of his country's peasantry and the exquisite art with which he has portrayed their way of life and their relationship with Nature"novel1940Not awarded1941Not awarded1942Not awarded1943Not awarded1944106x106pxਜੋਹਾਨਸ ਵਿਲਹੈਲਮ ਜੇਨਸਨlink=|alt=|border|20x20pxDenmarkDanish"for the rare strength and fertility of his poetic imagination with which is combined an intellectual curiosity of wide scope and a bold, freshly creative style"poetry194581x81pxਗਾਬਰੀਏਲਾ ਮਿਸਤਰਾਲlink=|alt=|border|23x23pxChileSpanish"for her lyric poetry, which inspired by powerful emotions, has made her name a symbol of the idealistic aspirations of the entire Latin American world"poetry1946106x106pxਹਰਮਨ ਹੈੱਸlink=|alt=|border|16x16pxSwitzerland
(Born in Germany)German"for his inspired writings, which while growing in boldness and penetration, exemplify the classical humanitarian ideals and high qualities of style"novel, poetry194780x80pxਆਂਦਰੇ ਯੀਦlink=|alt=|border|23x23pxFranceFrench"for his comprehensive and artistically significant writings, in which human problems and conditions have been presented with a fearless love of truth and keen psychological insight"novel, essay194887x87pxਟੀ ਐਸ ਈਲੀਅਟlink=|alt=|border|23x23px
(Born in the United States)English"for his outstanding, pioneer contribution to present-day poetry"poetry1949105x105pxਵਿਲੀਅਮ ਫ਼ਾਕਨਰlink=|alt=|border|23x23pxEnglish"for his powerful and artistically unique contribution to the modern American novel"novel, short story1950111x111pxਬਰਟਰੈਂਡ ਰਸਲlink=|alt=|border|23x23pxEnglish"in recognition of his varied and significant writings in which he champions humanitarian ideals and freedom of thought"philosophy1951106x106pxਪਾਰ ਲਾਗੇਰਕਵਿਸਟlink=|alt=|border|23x23pxSwedenSwedish"for the artistic vigour and true independence of mind with which he endeavours in his poetry to find answers to the eternal questions confronting mankind"poetry, novel, short story, drama195297x97pxਫ੍ਰਾਂਸੋਆ ਮੌਰਿਆਕlink=|alt=|border|23x23pxFranceFrench"for the deep spiritual insight and the artistic intensity with which he has in his novels penetrated the drama of human life"novel, short story195389x89pxਵਿੰਸਟਨ ਚਰਚਿਲlink=|alt=|border|23x23pxEnglish"for his mastery of historical and biographical description as well as for brilliant oratory in defending exalted human values"history, essay, memoirs195494x94pxਅਰਨੈਸਟ ਹੈਮਿੰਗਵੇlink=|alt=|border|23x23pxEnglish"for his mastery of the art of narrative, most recently demonstrated in The Old Man and the Sea, and for the influence that he has exerted on contemporary style"novel, short story, screenplay1955106x106pxਹਲਡੋਰ ਲੈਕਸਨਸlink=|alt=|border|21x21pxIcelandIcelandic"for his vivid epic power, which has renewed the great narrative art of Iceland"novel, short story, drama, poetry195695x95pxਖ਼ਵਨ ਰਮਨ ਹਿਮੇਨੇਜ਼link=|alt=|border|23x23pxSpainSpanish"for his lyrical poetry, which in Spanish language constitutes an example of high spirit and artistical purity"poetry195790x90pxਅਲਬੇਰ ਕਾਮੂ link=|alt=|border|23x23pxFrance
(Born in French Algeria)French"for his important literary production, which with clear-sighted earnestness illuminates the problems of the human conscience in our times"novel, short story, drama, philosophy, essay195897x97pxਬੋਰਿਸ ਪਾਸਤਰਨਾਕlink=|alt=|border|23x23pxRussian"for his important achievement both in contemporary lyrical poetry and in the field of the great Russian epic tradition"novel, poetry, translation1959106x106pxਸਾਲਵਾਤੋਰੇ ਕੁਆਸੀਮੋਦੋlink=|alt=|border|23x23pxItalyItalian"for his lyrical poetry, which with classical fire expresses the tragic experience of life in our own times"poetry1960106x106pxਸੇਂਟ-ਜੌਹਨ ਪਰਸlink=|alt=|border|23x23px
(Born in Guadeloupe)French"for the soaring flight and the evocative imagery of his poetry, which in a visionary fashion reflects the conditions of our time"poetry196194x94pxਈਵੋ ਆਂਦਰਿਚlink=|alt=|border|23x23pxYugoslavia
(Born in Austria-Hungary)Serbo-Croatian"for the epic force with which he has traced themes and depicted human destinies drawn from the history of his country"novel, short story1962101x101pxਜੌਨ ਸਟਾਈਨਬੈਕlink=|alt=|border|23x23pxEnglish"for his realistic and imaginative writings, combining as they do sympathetic humour and keen social perception"novel, short story, screenplay1963106x106pxਜੋਰਗੋਸ ਸੇਫ਼ੇਰਿਸlink=|alt=|border|23x23pxGreece
(Born in the Ottoman Empire)Greek"for his eminent lyrical writing, inspired by a deep feeling for the Hellenic world of culture"poetry, essay, memoirs196475x75pxਯਾਂ ਪਾਲ ਸਾਰਤਰlink=|alt=|border|23x23pxFrench"for his work, which rich in ideas and filled with the spirit of freedom and the quest for truth, has exerted a far-reaching influence on our age"novel, philosophy, drama, literary criticism, screenplay1965102x102pxਮਿਖਾਇਲ ਸ਼ੋਲੋਖੋਵlink=|alt=|border|23x23pxRussian"for the artistic power and integrity with which, in his epic of the Don, he has given expression to a historic phase in the life of the Russian people"novel1966 ਸ਼ਮੂਏਲ ਯੋਸਫ਼ ਅਗਨੋਨlink=|alt=|border|21x21pxIsrael
(Born in Austria-Hungary)Hebrew"for his profoundly characteristic narrative art with motifs from the life of the Jewish people"novel, short story106x106pxਨੈਲੀ ਸਾਕਸlink=|alt=|border|23x23pxSweden
(Born in Germany)German"for her outstanding lyrical and dramatic writing, which interprets Israel's destiny with touching strength"poetry, drama1967101x101pxਮਿਗੂਏਲ ਐਂਜਲ ਅਸਤੂਰੀਅਸlink=|alt=|border|23x23pxGuatemalaSpanish"for his vivid literary achievement, deep-rooted in the national traits and traditions of Indian peoples of Latin America"novel, poetry196879x79pxਯਾਸੂਨਾਰੀ ਕਾਵਾਬਾਤਾlink=|alt=|border|23x23pxJapanJapanese"for his narrative mastery, which with great sensibility expresses the essence of the Japanese mind"novel, short story196987x87pxਸੈਮੂਅਲ ਬੈਕਟlink=|alt=|border|23x23pxIrelandEnglish and French"for his writing, which - in new forms for the novel and drama - in the destitution of modern man acquires its elevation"novel, drama, poetry197094x94pxਅਲੈਗਜ਼ੈਂਡਰ ਸੋਲਜ਼ੇਨਿਤਸਿਨlink=|alt=|border|23x23pxRussian"for the ethical force with which he has pursued the indispensable traditions of Russian literature"novel1971100x100pxਪਾਬਲੋ ਨੇਰੂਦਾlink=|alt=|border|23x23pxChileSpanish"for a poetry that with the action of an elemental force brings alive a continent's destiny and dreams"poetry197292x92pxਹਾਈਨਰਿਸ਼ ਬਲlink=|alt=|border|23x23pxWest GermanyGerman"for his writing, which through its combination of a broad perspective on his time and a sensitive skill in characterization has contributed to a renewal of German literature"novel, short story197383x83pxਪੈਟਰਿਕ ਵਾਈਟlink=|alt=|border|23x23pxAustralia
(Born in the United Kingdom)English"for an epic and psychological narrative art, which has introduced a new continent into literature"novel, short story, drama1974112x112pxEyvind Johnsonlink=|alt=|border|23x23pxSwedenSwedish"for a narrative art, farseeing in lands and ages, in the service of freedom"novel102x102pxHarry Martinsonlink=|alt=|border|23x23pxSwedenSwedish"for writings that catch the dewdrop and reflect the cosmos"poetry, novel, drama1975108x108pxEugenio Montalelink=|alt=|border|23x23pxItalyItalian"for his distinctive poetry, which, with great artistic sensitivity, has interpreted human values under the sign of an outlook on life with no illusions"poetry197677x77pxSaul Bellowlink=|alt=|border|23x23px
(Born in Canada)English"for the human understanding and subtle analysis of contemporary culture that are combined in his work"novel, short story1977112x112pxVicente Aleixandrelink=|alt=|border|23x23pxSpainSpanish"for a creative poetic writing, which illuminates man's condition in the cosmos and in present-day society, at the same time representing the great renewal of the traditions of Spanish poetry between the wars"poetry1978 Isaac Bashevis Singerlink=|alt=|border|23x23px
(Born in Poland)Yiddish"for his impassioned narrative art which, with roots in a Polish-Jewish cultural tradition, brings universal human conditions to life"novel, short story, memoirs197975x75pxOdysseas Elytislink=|alt=|border|23x23pxGreeceGreek"for his poetry, which, against the background of Greek tradition, depicts with sensuous strength and intellectual clear-sightedness modern man's struggle for freedom and creativeness"poetry, essay1980 Czesław Miłoszlink=|alt=|border|23x23pxPoland (born in Lithuania)Polish"who with uncompromising clear-sightedness voices man's exposed condition in a world of severe conflicts"poetry, essay198182x82pxElias Canettilink=|alt=|border|23x23px
(Born in Bulgaria)German"for writings marked by a broad outlook, a wealth of ideas and artistic power"novel, drama, memoirs, essay1982112x112pxGabriel García Márquezlink=|alt=|border|23x23pxColombiaSpanish"for his novels and short stories, in which the fantastic and the realistic are combined in a richly composed world of imagination, reflecting a continent's life and conflicts"novel, short story, screenplay1983101x101pxWilliam Goldinglink=|alt=|border|23x23pxEnglish"for his novels, which with the perspicuity of realistic narrative art and the diversity and universality of myth, illuminate the human condition in the world of today"novel, poetry, drama198475x75pxJaroslav Seifertlink=|alt=|border|23x23pxCzechoslovakia
(Born in Austria-Hungary)Czech"for his poetry, which endowed with freshness, and rich inventiveness provides a liberating image of the indomitable spirit and versatility of man"poetry1985107x107pxClaude Simonlink=|alt=|border|23x23px
(Born in French Madagascar)French"who in his novel combines the poet's and the painter's creativeness with a deepened awareness of time in the depiction of the human condition"novel1986106x106pxWole Soyinkalink=|alt=|border|23x23pxNigeriaEnglish"who in a wide cultural perspective and with poetic overtones fashions the drama of existence"drama, novel, poetry1987105x105pxJoseph Brodskylink=|alt=|border|23x23px
(Born in the Soviet Union)Russian and English"for an all-embracing authorship, imbued with clarity of thought and poetic intensity"poetry, essay1988108x108pxNaguib Mahfouzlink=|alt=|border|23x23pxEgyptArabic"who, through works rich in nuance - now clear-sightedly realistic, now evocatively ambiguous - has formed an Arabian narrative art that applies to all mankind"novel198999x99pxCamilo José Celalink=|alt=|border|23x23pxSpainSpanish"for a rich and intensive prose, which with restrained compassion forms a challenging vision of man's vulnerability"novel, short story1990103x103pxOctavio Pazlink=|alt=|border|23x23pxMexicoSpanish"for impassioned writing with wide horizons, characterized by sensuous intelligence and humanistic integrity"poetry, essay1991100x100pxNadine Gordimerlink=|alt=|border|23x23pxSouth AfricaEnglish"who through her magnificent epic writing has - in the words of Alfred Nobel - been of very great benefit to humanity"novel, short story, essay1992113x113pxDerek Walcottlink=|alt=|border|23x23pxSaint LuciaEnglish"for a poetic oeuvre of great luminosity, sustained by a historical vision, the outcome of a multicultural commitment"poetry, drama199375x75pxToni Morrisonlink=|alt=|border|23x23pxEnglish"who in novels characterized by visionary force and poetic import, gives life to an essential aspect of American reality"novel199494x94pxKenzaburō Ōelink=|alt=|border|23x23pxJapanJapanese"who with poetic force creates an imagined world, where life and myth condense to form a disconcerting picture of the human predicament today"novel, short story1995106x106pxSeamus Heaneylink=|alt=|border|23x23pxIreland
(Born in Northern Ireland)English"for works of lyrical beauty and ethical depth, which exalt everyday miracles and the living past"poetry1996142x142pxWisława Szymborskalink=|alt=|border|23x23pxPolandPolish"for poetry that with ironic precision allows the historical and biological context to come to light in fragments of human reality"poetry199794x94pxDario Folink=|alt=|border|23x23pxItalyItalian"who emulates the jesters of the Middle Ages in scourging authority and upholding the dignity of the downtrodden"drama199875x75pxJosé Saramagolink=|alt=|border|23x23pxPortugalPortuguese"who with parables sustained by imagination, compassion and irony continually enables us once again to apprehend an elusory reality"novel, drama, poetry1999112x112pxGünter Grasslink=|alt=|border|23x23pxGermanyGerman"whose frolicsome black fables portray the forgotten face of history"novel, drama, poetry200081x81pxGao Xingjianlink=|alt=|border|23x23px (since 1998)
link=|alt=|border|23x23pxChina (1940–1998)Chinese"for an oeuvre of universal validity, bitter insights and linguistic ingenuity, which has opened new paths for the Chinese novel and drama"novel, drama, literary criticism200175x75pxV. S. Naipaullink=|alt=|border|23x23px
(Born in Trinidad & Tobago)English "for having united perceptive narrative and incorruptible scrutiny in works that compel us to see the presence of suppressed histories"novel, essay200275x75pxImre Kertészlink=|alt=|border|23x23pxHungaryHungarian"for writing that upholds the fragile experience of the individual against the barbaric arbitrariness of history"novel2003100x100pxJ. M. Coetzeelink=|alt=|border|23x23pxAustralia (Born in South Africa)English"who in innumerable guises portrays the surprising involvement of the outsider"novel, essay, translation200475x75pxElfriede Jelineklink=|alt=|border|23x23pxAustriaGerman"for her musical flow of voices and counter-voices in novels and plays that with extraordinary linguistic zeal reveal the absurdity of society's clichés and their subjugating power"novel, drama200588x88pxHarold Pinterlink=|alt=|border|23x23pxEnglish"who in his plays uncovers the precipice under everyday prattle and forces entry into oppression's closed rooms"drama, screenplay200694x94pxOrhan Pamuklink=|alt=|border|23x23pxTurkey Turkish"who in the quest for the melancholic soul of his native city has discovered new symbols for the clash and interlacing of cultures"novel, screenplay, essay200775x75pxDoris Lessinglink=|alt=|border|23x23px
(Born in Iran)English"that epicist of the female experience, who with scepticism, fire and visionary power has subjected a divided civilisation to scrutiny"novel, drama, poetry, short story, memoirs2008103x103pxJ. M. G. Le Cléziolink=|alt=|border|23x23px
link=|alt=|border|23x23pxMauritiusFrench"author of new departures, poetic adventure and sensual ecstasy, explorer of a humanity beyond and below the reigning civilization"novel, short story, essay, translation200987x87pxHerta Müllerlink=|alt=|border|23x23pxGermany
(Born in Romania)German"who, with the concentration of poetry and the frankness of prose, depicts the landscape of the dispossessed"novel, poetry2010100x100pxMario Vargas Llosalink=|alt=|border|23x23pxPeru
link=|alt=|border|23x23pxSpainSpanish"for his cartography of structures of power and his trenchant images of the individual's resistance, revolt, and defeat"novel, short story, essay, drama, memoirs 201180x80pxTomas Tranströmerlink=|alt=|border|23x23pxSwedenSwedish"because, through his condensed, translucent images, he gives us fresh access to reality"poetry, translation201293x93pxMo Yanlink=|alt=|border|23x23pxChinaChinese"who with hallucinatory realism merges folk tales, history and the contemporary"novel, short story201391x91pxAlice Munrolink=|alt=|border|23x23pxCanadaEnglish"master of the contemporary short story"short story201493x93pxPatrick Modianolink=|alt=|border|23x23pxFrench"for the art of memory with which he has evoked the most ungraspable human destinies and uncovered the life-world of the occupation"novel201575x75pxSvetlana Alexievichlink=|alt=|border|23x23pxBelarus
(Born in the Soviet Union)Russian"for her polyphonic writings, a monument to suffering and courage in our time"history, essay2016100x100px Bob Dylanlink=|alt=|border|23x23pxEnglish"for having created new poetic expressions within the great American song tradition"poetry, songwriting201792x92px Kazuo Ishigurolink=|alt=|border|23x23px (born in Japan)English"who, in novels of great emotional force, has uncovered the abyss beneath our illusory sense of connection with the world"novel

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ਸ਼੍ਰੇਣੀ:ਨੋਬਲ ਜੇਤੂ ਸਾਹਿਤਕਾਰ