ବୁର୍ଜ ଖଲିଫା, ଦୁବାଇ

ବୁର୍ଜ ଖଲିଫା (ଆରବିକରେ برج خليفة‎‎, ) ସଂଯୁକ୍ତ ଆରବ ଏମିରେଟର ଦୁବାଇରେ ଥିବା ଏକ ଆକାଶଚୁମ୍ବୀ ଅଟ୍ଟାଳିକା । ଏହା ପୃଥିବୀର ସର୍ବୋଚ୍ଚ ଅଟ୍ଟାଳିକା ( ୨,୭୨୨ ଫୁଟ ) ।
ବୁର୍ଜ ଖଲିଫା ( ପୂର୍ବରୁ ବୁର୍ଜ ଦୁବାଇ ନାମରେ ଜଣା) ମହଲର କାର୍ଯ୍ୟ ୨୦୦୪ରେ ଆରମ୍ଭ ହେଇ ଏହାର ବହିର୍ଭାଗ ୨୦୦୯ରେ ସମ୍ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ହେଇଥିଲା । ଇସ୍ପାତ  ଓ କଂକ୍ରିଟଦ୍ୱାରା ନିର୍ମିତ ଏହାର ବହିର୍ଭାଗ ହେଲା ପରେ ୨୦୧୦ରେ ଏହାର ଭିତର ନିର୍ମାଣ ପୂର୍ଣାଙ୍ଗ ହୋଇ ୨୦୧୦ ମସିହାରେ ଏହା ଉନ୍ମୋଚିତ ହେଇଥିଲା । ଦୁବାଇ ନଗରର ସହରତଳି ଅଞ୍ଚଳରେ ନୂତନ ବସ୍ତି ତଥା ବାଣିଜ୍ୟିକ ଅଞ୍ଚଳ ସୃଷ୍ଟି ପାଇଁ ହେଇଥିବା ଯୋଜନାର ମୁଖ୍ୟ ଆକର୍ଷଣ ଭାବେ ଏହି ଅଟ୍ଟାଳିକାର ନିର୍ମାଣ ହେଇଥିଲା । ସେହି ସମୟରେ ଏହା ପୃଥିବୀର ସର୍ବୋଚ୍ଚ ଅଟ୍ଟାଳିକାର ମାନ୍ୟତା ପାଇଲା । ଆବୁଧାବିର ଶାସକ ତଥା ଆରବ ଏମିଟରେର ରାଷ୍ଟ୍ରପତି ଖଲିଫା ବିନ ଜାଏଦ ଅଲ ନୟନଙ୍କ ସମ୍ମାନାର୍ଥେ ଏହାର ନାମକରଣ ବୁର୍ଜ ଖଲିଫାକୁ ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ କରାଯାଇଥିଲା । 

ନିର୍ମାଣ ତଥ୍ୟ

ବୁର୍ଜ ଖାଲିଫାର ଡିଜାଇନ ଆଡ୍ରିଆନ ସ୍ମିଥ ନାମକ ସ୍ଥାପତ୍ୟଙ୍କଦ୍ୱାରା କରାଯାଇ  Skidmore, Owings & Merrill (SOM) ନାମକ ପ୍ରଖ୍ୟାତ ପ୍ରତିଷ୍ଠାନଦ୍ୱାରା କାର୍ଯ୍ୟକାରୀ ହେଇଥିଲା । ସେମାନେ ଆଗରୁ willis center ତଥା one world trade center ପରି ବିଶାଳ ଅଟ୍ଟାଳିକା ନିର୍ମାଣ କରିଥିଲେ। ଏହାର ସ୍ଥାପତ୍ୟରେ ପୁରାତନ ସ୍ଲାମିକ ସ୍ଥାପତ୍ୟ କଳାର ମଧ୍ୟ ପ୍ରୟୋଗ କରା ଯାଇଥିବାର ଦେଖା ଯାଏ । ଦୁବାଇ ସହରର ଉତ୍ତାପକୁ ସମ୍ଭାଳିବା ପାଇଁ ଏହାର ଡିଜାଇନରେ ପର୍ଯ୍ୟାପ୍ତ ବ୍ୟବସ୍ଥା ରହିଛି । ଏହି ଉତ୍ଛ ମହଲକୁ ଯାତାୟତ ପାଇଁ ୫୭ଟି ଲିଫ୍ଟ ତଥା ୮ଟି ଏସ୍କେଲେଟର ଖଞ୍ଜା ଯାଇଛି । 

 ମୂଳ ଲକ୍ଷ୍ୟ 
ବୁର୍ଜ ଦୁବାଇରେ ୩୦,୦୦୦ ବାସଗୃହ , ୯ଟି ହୋଟେଲ , ୩ ହେକ୍ଟର ବିଶିଷ୍ଟ ପାର୍କ ,ବାଣିଜ୍ୟ କେନ୍ଦ୍ର , ଏକ କୁତ୍ରିମ ହ୍ରଦ ପାଇଁ ବ୍ୟବସ୍ଥା କରାଯାଇଛି । ଏହାକୁ ଏକ ପର୍ଯ୍ୟଟକ ସ୍ଥଳ ଭାବରେ ଦୁବାଇକୁ ଅଧିକ ଆକର୍ଷଣୀୟ କରିବାକୁ ବ୍ୟବହାର କରାଯାଉଛି । 
ଡାହାଣ|thumb|ସମାରାରେ ଥିବା ସ୍ପିରିଟ ମିନାର 
 Tallest existing structure:  (previously KVLY-TV mast – )
 Tallest structure ever built:  (previously Warsaw radio mast – )
 Tallest freestanding structure:  (previously CN Tower – )
 Tallest skyscraper (to top of spire):  (previously Taipei 101 – )
 Tallest skyscraper to top of antenna:  (previously the Willis (formerly Sears) Tower – )
 Building with most floors: 163 (previously World Trade Center – 110)
 Building with world's highest occupied floor: 
 World's highest elevator installation (situated inside a rod at the very top of the building)
 World's longest travel distance elevators: 504 m (1,654 ft)
 Highest vertical concrete pumping (for a building): 
  World's tallest structure that includes residential space
 World's highest observation deck: 148th floor at 
 World's highest outdoor observation deck: 124th floor at 
 World's highest installation of an aluminium and glass façade: 
 World's highest nightclub: 144th floor
 World's highest restaurant (At.mosphere): 122nd floor at  (previously 360, at a height of  in CN Tower)
 World's highest New Year display of fireworks.
 World's second highest swimming pool: 76th floor (world's highest swimming pool is located on 118th floor of Ritz-Carlton Hotel at International Commerce Centre, Hong Kong).

 ଉତ୍ଛ ନିର୍ମାଣ ସବୁର ଇତିହାସ 

 Architecture and design 
ଡାହାଣ|thumb|600x600_ପିକସେଲ|Cross-section comparisons of various towers. From top to bottom: Burj Khalifa, Taipei 101, Willis Tower, World Trade Center.
ଡାହାଣ|thumb|The spiral minaret at the Great Mosque of Samarra

 Features 

 The Dubai Fountain 

 Observation deck 
 Floors Use100%
Dimetric projection with floors colour-coded by function 160–163Mechanical 156–159Communication and broadcast 155Mechanical 149–154Corporate suites 148The New Deck observatory 139–147Corporate suites 136–138Mechanical 125–135Corporate suites 124At the Top observatory 123Sky lobby 122At.mosphere restaurant 111–121Corporate suites 109–110Mechanical 77–108Residential 76Sky lobby 73–75Mechanical 44–72Residential 43Sky lobby 40–42Mechanical 38–39Armani Hotel suites 19–37Residential 17–18Mechanical 9–16Armani Residences 1–8Armani Hotel GroundArmani Hotel ConcourseArmani Hotel B1–B2Parking, mechanical

 Construction 
ଡାହାଣ|thumb|thumbtime=0:23

 Milestones 
 January 2004: Excavation commences.
 February 2004: Piling starts.
 21 September 2004: Emaar contractors begin construction.
 March 2005: Structure of Burj Khalifa starts rising.
 June 2006: Level 50 is reached.
 February 2007: Surpasses the Sears Tower as the building with the most floors.
 13 May 2007: Sets record for vertical concrete pumping on any building at 452 m (1,483 ft), surpassing the 449.2 m (1,474 ft) to which concrete was pumped during the construction of Taipei 101, while Burj Khalifa reached the 130th floor.
 21 July 2007: Surpasses Taipei 101, whose height of 509.2 m (1,671 ft) made it the world's tallest building, and level 141 reached.
 12 August 2007: Surpasses the Sears Tower antenna, which stands 527 m (1,729 ft).
 12 September 2007: At 555.3 m (1,822 ft), becomes the world's tallest freestanding structure, surpassing the CN Tower in Toronto, and level 150 reached.
 7 April 2008: At 629 m (2,064 ft), surpasses the KVLY-TV Mast to become the tallest man-made structure, level 160 reached.
 17 June 2008: Emaar announces that Burj Khalifa's height is over 636 m (2,087 ft) and that its final height will not be given until it is completed in September 2009.
 1 September 2008: Height tops 688 m (2,257 ft), making it the tallest man-made structure ever built, surpassing the previous record-holder, the Warsaw Radio Mast in Konstantynów, Poland.
 17 January 2009: Topped out at 829.8 m (2,722 ft).
 1 October 2009: Emaar announces that the exterior of the building is completed.
 4 January 2010: Burj Khalifa's official launch ceremony is held and Burj Khalifa is opened. Burj Dubai renamed Burj Khalifa in honour of the President of the UAE and ruler of Abu Dhabi, Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed al Nahyan.
 10 March 2010 Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat (CTBUH) certifies Burj Khalifa as world's tallest building.

 ପୁରସ୍କାର 
ଜୁନ ୨୦୧୦ରେ ବୁର୍ଜ ଖାଲିଫ " ମଧ୍ୟ ପ୍ରାଚ୍ୟ ଓ ଆଫ୍ରିକାର ସର୍ବୋକୃଷ୍ଟ ଉଟ୍ଚ ମହଲ' ହିସାବ ରେସିଟିବିଇଉଏଚଦ୍ୱାରା ପୁରସ୍କୃତ ହେଇଥିଲା 

 ବାହ୍ୟ ଆଧାର 
 Official website  Category:Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia
 Building the Burj Khalifa 
 360 degree view from the world's tallest building in Dubai by the Daily Telegraph
 World's Tallest Building (By Far)  – slideshow by Life magazine
 The Burj Dubai Tower Wind Engineering  PDF (597 KB); Wind Tunnel Testing  PDF (620 KB) (Irwin et al., Structure magazine, June and November 2006)
 Wind and Other Studies  performed by RWDI
 BBC reports: Burj Khalifa opening, with video and links; Maintaining the world's tallest building
 World's Tallest Tower Opens  – slideshow by The First Post
 A 45 Gigapixel zoom and pannable photo from Gigapan 
 4K video, JetMen flying around Khalifa  with Yves Rossy and Vince Reffet
 3D View of Burj Khalifa