Nkhondo Yoyamba Yapachiweniweni Yachingerezi

Nkhondo Yoyamba Yapachiweniweni Yachingerezi idamenyedwa ku England ndi Wales kuyambira pafupifupi Ogasiti 1642 mpaka Juni 1646 ndipo ndi gawo la 1639 mpaka 1651 Wars of the Three Kingdoms. Mikangano ina yokhudzana ndi izi ndi monga Nkhondo za Bishops, Irish Confederate Wars, Second English Civil War, nkhondo ya Anglo-Scottish (1650-1652) ndi kugonjetsa kwa Cromwellian ku Ireland. Kutengera kuyerekezera kwamakono, 15% mpaka 20% ya amuna onse akuluakulu ku England ndi Wales adagwira ntchito yankhondo pakati pa 1639 mpaka 1651 ndipo pafupifupi 4% ya anthu onse adamwalira chifukwa cha nkhondo, poyerekeza ndi 2.23% mu Nkhondo Yadziko I. Ziwerengerozi zikuwonetsa momwe mikangano imakhudzira anthu ambiri komanso mkwiyo womwe umayambitsa.

Mkangano wandale pakati pa Charles Woyamba ndi Nyumba Yamalamulo kuyambira koyambirira kwa ulamuliro wake ndipo udafika pachimake pakukhazikitsidwa kwa Ulamuliro Wamunthu mu 1629. Pambuyo pa Nkhondo za Bishopu za 1639 mpaka 1640, Charles adakumbukira Nyumba Yamalamulo mu Novembala 1640 akuyembekeza kupeza ndalama zomwe zingamuthandize. kuti asinthe kugonjetsedwa kwake ndi a Scots Covenants koma pobwezera adafuna kuvomereza kwakukulu pandale. Pamene kuli kwakuti ochuluka anachirikiza kukhazikitsidwa kwa ufumu wa monarchy, iwo sanagwirizane ponena za amene ali ndi ulamuliro womalizira; A Royalists nthawi zambiri amatsutsa kuti Nyumba yamalamulo inali pansi pa mfumu, pomwe ambiri omwe amawatsutsa a Nyumba Yamalamulo amatsatira ulamuliro wachifumu. Komabe, izi zimathandizira chowonadi chovuta kwambiri; ambiri poyamba sanaloŵerere kapena kupita kunkhondo monyinyirika kwambiri ndipo kusankha mbali kaŵirikaŵiri kunabwera chifukwa cha kukhulupirika kwawo.

Pamene mkanganowo unayamba mu August 1642, mbali zonse ziwiri zinkayembekezera kuti nkhondoyo idzathetsedwa, koma posakhalitsa zinaonekeratu kuti sizinali choncho. Kupambana kwa Royalist mu 1643 kudapangitsa kuti pakhale mgwirizano pakati pa Nyumba yamalamulo ndi aku Scots omwe adapambana nkhondo zingapo mu 1644, chofunikira kwambiri chinali Nkhondo ya Marston Moor. Kumayambiriro kwa 1645, Nyumba Yamalamulo inavomereza kupangidwa kwa New Model Army, gulu loyamba lankhondo laukatswiri ku England, ndipo kupambana kwawo ku Naseby mu June 1645 kunatsimikizika. Nkhondoyo inatha ndi kupambana kwa mgwirizano wa Nyumba Yamalamulo mu June 1646 ndipo Charles ali m'ndende, koma kukana kwake kukambirana ndi magawano pakati pa adani ake kunayambitsa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya Chingelezi mu 1648.