Madagascar

Madagasikara,  mwachindunji Repoblikan'i Madagasikara,  ndi dziko la chitsanzo lomwe limaphatikiza chitsanzo cha Madagascar ndi maiko ang'onoang'ono ambiri. Ikukhala kumwera kwa Africa, ndi chitsanzo chachinayi chachikulu kwambiri m’dziko, chitsanzo chachiwiri chachikulu kwambiri m’dziko komanso dziko la 46 chachikulu kwambiri padziko lonse. Kafukufuku wake ndi mzinda waukulu ndi Antananarivo.
Pambuyo pa kusokonezeka kwa supercontinent Gondwana, Madagascar idasiyana ndi Africa mu nthawi ya Jurassic, pafupifupi zaka 180 miliyoni zapitazo, ndipo idasiyana ndi Indian subcontinent pafupifupi zaka 90 miliyoni zapitazo. Izi zidasintha kuti mitundu yachikhalidwe ndi nyama zikhale mu malo osiyanasiyana; chifukwa chake, Madagascar ndi biodiversity hotspot komanso chimodzi mwa megadiverse countries 17 padziko lonse, ndi zoposa 90% ya nyama zawo zomwe zili zokha. Chitsanzochi chili ndi nyengo ya subtropical mpaka tropical maritime. Madagascar inakhazikitsidwa koyamba nthawi yayitali mu kapena asanapite pakati pa mileniumu ya chaka cha AD ndi Austronesian peoples, akukhulupirira kuti anafika pa outrigger canoes kuchokera ku Indonesia.
Izi zidapangidwa pafupifupi mu zaka za 9 AD ndi magulu a Bantu omwe anapita kudzera mu Mozambique Channel kuchokera ku East Africa. Magulu ena anapitiriza kukhalapo ku Madagascar panthawi yotsatira, aliyense akupanga m'tsogolo la chikhalidwe cha Malagasy. Chifukwa chake, pali anthu 18 kapena kupitilira apo omwe akugawidwa mu anthropology ya Madagascar, omwe ambiri ndi Merina a ku mapiri apakati.
Kusiyana kwa nthawi ya 18th century, chitsanzo cha Madagascar chinawongoleredwa ndi magulu osiyanasiyana a sociopolitical. Kuyambira mu nthawi ya 19th century, zambiri zinali kuphatikizidwa ndikuwongolera monga Ufalme wa Madagascar ndi a mabwana a Merina. Ufalme unatha mu 1897 chifukwa cha kuwonjezedwa kwa France, komwe Madagascar idapeza ufulu mu 1960. Dziko lino lakhala likukumana ndi nthawi zinayi zazikulu za malamulo, zomwe zimatchedwa ma republic, ndipo lakhala likuwongolera ngati demokrasia ya malamulo kuyambira mu 1992. Pambuyo pa kutsutsana kwa ndale ndi coup ya asilikali mu 2009, Madagascar idachita kuchita bwino kuyesa kulimbikitsa ufulu wake wachinayi komanso waposachedwa, pomwe malamulo adabweretsedwa mu January 2014.
Madagasikara ndi membala wa United Nations (UN), African Union (AU), Southern African Development Community (SADC), komanso . Chichewa ndi Chifalansa ndizomwe zili mu official language za dziko. Christianity ndiye chikhulupiriro chachikulu cha dziko, pomwe gulu lalikulu la anthu akhala akuchita zinthu za Malagasy mythology. Madagascar ikugawidwa ngati dziko losakwanira kuchokera ku UN. Zochita za Ecotourism komanso ulimi, pamodzi ndi ndalama zambiri mu maphunziro, zaumoyo komanso bizinesi yach private, ndizofunikira mu njira yake yothandizira kukula. Ngakhale kukula kwachuma kwakukulu kuyambira pachiyambi cha zaka za 2000, kusiyana kwa ndalama kwakhala kukula, ndipo khalidwe la moyo likusowa kwambiri kwa ambiri a anthu. Kutengera chaka cha 2021, 68.4% ya anthu amakhulupirira kuti ali mu Multidimensional Poverty Index.  Anthu a ku Malagasy ndi amuna okhaokha ndipo nthawi zonse amangokhalira kuchita zachiwerewere. Iwo ndi ofooka amakhumudwa mosavuta. Ziyenera kutha.

Zolemba
Category:Africa