Hepatitis A

Hepataitisi A (matenda omwe poyamba ankatchedwa matenda opatsirana a hepataitisi) ndi matenda opatsirana omwe amagwira  chiwindi ndipo amayambitsidwa ndi vailasi yotchedwa hepataitisi A (HAV). Ambiri mwa anthu amene ali ndi mavailasi amenewa, makamaka ana, amasonyeza zizindikiro zochepa kapena sasonyeza n'komwe zizindikiro za matendawa. Kwa anthu amene akusonyeza zizindikiro za matendawa, pamatenga milungu iwiri mpaka milungu 6 kuchokera pamene tizilomboti tinalowa m'thupi kuti zizindikiro ziyambe kuonekera. Nthawi zambiri zizindikiro za matendawa zimaonekera kwa milungu 8 ndipo zina mwa zizindikirozo ndi: nseru, kusanza, kutsegula m'mimba, khungu kuchita chikasu, fkutentha thupi, komanso kumva kupweteka m'mimba. Pafupifupi anthu 10 mpaka 15 pa 100 aliwonse amene asonyeza zizindikiro za matendawa, zizindikirozo zimayambiranso pakatipa miyezi 6 kuchokera pamene tizilombo ta matendawa tinalowa m'thupi. Matendawa amatha kulepheretsa chiwindi kugwira bwino nthcito yake ndipo izi zimachitika makamaka kwa achikulire.

Kawirikawiri matendawa amafalikira ngati munthu wadya chakudya kapena kumwa madzi omwe akhudzidwa ndi nyansi za kuchimbudzi zomwe zili ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa. Nkhanu komanso ndiwo zina za m'gulu la nkhanu zomwe sizinaphikidwe mokwanira zimathanso kufalitsa tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa. Matendawa amatha kufalanso ngati munthu yemwe ali ndi matendawa akukhudzana kwambiri ndi anthu ena. Ngakhale kuti ana omwe ali ndi tizolombo toyambitsa matendawa sasonyeza zizindikiro zake, komabe anawo amatha kupatsira anthu ena matendawa. Matendawa akalowa m'thupi la munthu koyamba munthuyo n'kuchira, munthuwo sangadwalenso matendawa kwa moyo wake wonse ngakhale tizilombo tochuluka titalowa m'thupi mwake. Zizindikiro za hepataitisi A n'zofanana ndi zizindikiro za matenda ena ambiri choncho pamafunika kuyeza magazi kuti madokotala atsimikizire ngati munthu ali ndi matendawa. Matenda a hepataitisi alipo mitundu yosiyanasiyana yokwanira 5 motengera mtundu wa vailasi umene umawayambitsa, monga: A, B, C, D, ndi E.

Katemera wa hepataitisi A amathandiza kwambiri kupewa matendawa. Mayiko ena amalimbikitsa kuti ana onse azilandira katemera wa matendawa nthawi ndi nthawi makamaka ngati ali m'madera amene matendawa ndi ofala kwambiri. Zikuoneka kuti munthu akangolandira katemerayu kamodzi, amagwira ntchito m'thupi mwake kwa moyo wake wonse. Matendawa angapewedwe mosavuta potsatira njira zaukhondo monga kusamba m'manja komanso kuphika zakudya m'njira yabwino. Matendawa alibe mankhwala, koma wodwala amapatsidwa mankhwala oti athane ndi zizindikiro za matendawa monga nseru kapena kutsegula m'mimba. Nthawi zambiri munthu yemwe ali ndi tizolombo toyambitsa matendawa amakhala bwinobwino popanda vuto lililonse la chiwindi. Koma ngati matendawa achititsa kut chiwindi chiwonongeke n'kumalephera kugwira bwino ntchito, pangafunike opaleshoni yochotsa chiwindicho n'kuika china.

Padziko lonse, anthu 1.5 miliyoni amasonyeza zizindikiro za matendawa chaka chilichonse ndipo zikuoneka kuti anthu mamiliyoni ambirimbiri amatenga tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa. Matendawa ndi ofala kwambiri m'madera amene ukhondo ndi wovuta komanso madzi aukhondo ndi osowa. M'mayiko amene akukwera kumene, pafupifupi ana 90 pa 100 aliwonse amakhala atatenga tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa akamafika pokwanitsa zaka 10 zakubadwa, choncho sangadwale matendawa akafika pa msinkhu wauchikulire. M'mayiko amene ndi olemera ndithu, nthawi zambiri matendawa amafika pokhala mliri chifukwa ana m'mayiko oterewa salandira katemera wa matendawa komanso matupi awo amakhala asanazolowere tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa. Mu 2010, matenda a hepataitisi A anapha anthu okwana 102,000 padziko lonse. Choncho panakhazikitsidwa Tsiku Lokumbukira Matenda a Hepataitisi Padziko Lonse lomwe ndi pa July 28 chaka chilichonse ndipo cholinga chake ndi kuthandiza anthu kuti adziwe za kuopsa kwa matenda a hepataitisi.

Malifalensi