Obsessive Compulsive disorder

Matenda a muubongo ochititsa munthu kuchita zinthu mobwerezabwereza [Obsessive–compulsive disorder  (OCD)] ali m’gulu la matenda a maganizo amene amachititsa munthu kuchita zinthu zinazake mobwerezabwereza (kukhala ndi "khalidwe"), kapena munthuyo amakhala ndi maganizo enaake mobwerezabwereza ("chizolowezi"). Kwa nthawi yaitali ndithu, anthu omwe ali ndi vutoli amalephera kulamulira maganizo ndiponso zochita zawo.  Ambiri mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matendawa amakonda kusamba m’manja, kuwerenga zinthu, ndiponso kufufuza mobwerezabwereza kuti aone ngati chitseko chakhomedwa ndi loko. Ena amakhala ndi vuto lotaya zinthu.  Anthu osiyanasiyana amachita zinthuzi pa mlingo wosiyanasiyananso, ndipo moyo watsiku ndi tsiku wa anthuwo umasokonezeka.  Nthawi yomwe munthu yemwe ali ndi vutoli amawononga akuchita zinthu mobwerezabwereza ingakhale yambiri ndithu mpaka kuposa ola limodzi patsiku.  Anthu akuluakulu ambiri omwe ali ndi matendawa amazindikira ndithu kuti khalidwe lawo lochita zinthu mobwerezabwereza ndi lachilendo.  Anthu amene ali matendawa nthawi zina angakhalenso ndi mavuto ena monga kusuntha kapena kunjenjemera mosalamulirika kwa mbali zina za thupi lawo, kuda nkhawa kwambiri, ndiponso kukhala pachiopsezo chachikulu chofuna kudzipha.

Chomwe chimayambitsa matendawa sichikudziwika.  Koma zikuoneka kuti munthu angathe kuyamwira matendawa kuchokera kumtundu makamaka ngati ali mapasa ofanana koma mapasa omwe si ofanana sakhala pachiopsezo chachikulu choti angathe kuyamwira matendawa. Zina mwa zochitika pamoyo wa munthu zimene zingayambitse matendawa zingakhale kuchitiridwa nkhanza uli mwana, kapenanso kukumana ndi zoopsa pamoyo. Zikuonekanso kuti anthu ena amayamba kudwala matenda a OCD pambuyo poti anadwala matenda ena oyambitsidwa ndi tizilombo. Madokotala amatha kudziwa kuti munthu ali ndi matenda a OCD akaona zizindikiro zimene munthuyo akusonyeza zomwe ndi zosiyana ndi zamatenda ena kapena za zotsatirapo za mankhwala amene munthu akumwa.  Masikelo oyezera zinthu zosiyanasiyana, monga ya Yale–Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pofuna kudziwa kukula kwa matendawa. Matenda ena amene zizindikiro zake zingafanane ndi za OCD ndi matenda a nkhawa, matenda ovutika maganizo, matenda ovutika kudya, matenda ochititsa ziwala zina za thupi kusuntha kapena kunjenjemera mosalamulirika, ndiponso matenda ochititsa munthu kumasinthasintha khalidwe.

Thandizo lomwe lingathandize munthu wodwala OCD ndi monga uphungu, monga wothandiza munthu kusintha khalidwe (CBT), ndiponso nthawi zina mankhwala a antidepressants monga selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) kapenanso clomipramine. Wodwala amapatsidwa uphungu woti aziona kapena kukhala pafupi ndi zinthu zimene zimachititsa kuti OCD iyambe koma asamachite chilichonse.  Ngakhale kuti zikuoneka kuti mankhwala amathandiza kuti matendawa achepe, zikuonekanso kuti mankhwalawo amayambitsa mavuto ena aakulu, choncho wodwala angapatsidwe mankhwala pokhapokha ngati uphungu sukuthandiza.  Mwachitsanzo, mankhwala a Atypical antipsychotics angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuwonjezera pa mankhwala a SSRI ngati wodwalayo akuoneka kuti akuvutika kwambiri, ngakhale kuti wodwalayo angakumanenso ndi mavuto ena obwera chifukwa cha mankhwalawo.  Ngati munthu sangalandire thandizo, akhoza kukhala ndi matendawa kwa zaka zambiri. 

Padziko lonse, 2.3 peresenti ya anthu amadwala kapena anadwalapo matenda a OCD pa nthawi inayake pa moyo wawo.  Ndipo anthu odwala matendawa chaka chilichonse ndi 1.2 peresenti.  Sizichitika kawirikawiri kuti munthu amene wayamba kudwala matendawa atafika zaka 35 azisonyeza zizindikiro zake; hafu ya odwala amayamba kusonyeza zizindikiro asanakwanitse zaka 20.  Matendawa amagwira amuna ndi akazi mofanana.  M’zilankhulo zina, nthawi zina mawu akuti kuchita zinthu mobwerezabwereza angagwiritsidwe ntchito pofotokoza zinthu zina zosakhudzana ndi matenda a OCD; mwina ponena za munthu yemwe amakonda kuchita zinthu zinazake, mosamala kwambiri mosafuna kulakwitsa, ndi mtima wonse, komanso mosalola kudodometsedwa.

 References 

 External links 

National Institute Of Mental Health
American Psychiatric Association
APA Division 12 treatment page for obsessive-compulsive disorder


Category:Habit and impulse disorders
Category:Magical thinking
Category:Neurotic, stress-related and somatoform disorders
Category:Ritual
Category:Psychiatric diagnosis
Category:RTT
Category:Anxiety
Category:RTTNEURO