Ibhoduluko

Ibhoduluko. 
Ibhodoluko ngezinye zezinto eziqakathekileko ephasini. Ngaphandle kwebhodulo ipilo bengeze yabakhona. Ibhoduluko ifumbethe ipilo yeenlwani ezinengi. Ezinye zeenlwana ziyaphila kanti ezinye zona aziphili. Eenhlokwaneni ezilandelako sizokutjheja kobana kuyini ibhodulo begodu ibhoduluko lihlukene njani.

 Kuyini ibholuko? 
Ngokuya kukaSadiku, u-Ashaolu, u-Ajayi-Majebi no-Musa (2020Sadiku, M. O., Ashaoulu, T. J., Ajayi-Majebi, A. & Musa, S. M. 2020. Environmental Studies: An Introduction. International Journal of Scientific Advances, 1(3):54-57.) ibhoduluko iphathelene nakho koke ekusemanzini, emoyeni, enarheni nehlabathini. Ukungezelela, ibhoduluko ngikho koke okutholakala ephasini, ekuphilako nokungaphili ekufaka hlangana izengiwa, iinlwani eziphilako nezingaphili umumoya kanye nokusesibhakabhageni (Maelzer 1964Maelzer, D. A. 1964. A Discussion of Components of Environment in Ecology. J. Theoret. Biol, 8:141-162.). Ngamanye amagama, koke lokhu ukuthola ephasini nohlangana nakho mihla namalanga kungaba yingcenye nanyana kuyingcenye yebhoduluko.

Ibhoduluko lihlukaniswe ngcenye ezilandelako (Glazovsky 2009Glazovsky, N. 2009. Environmental Structure and Function: Earth System. Earth System History and Natural Variability, 7:1-16.):

1.      Umoya

2.      Ihlabathi

3.      Amanzi

4.      Isibhakabhaka

Ihlathululo engehla iyasivezela bonyana ibhoduluko liyini begodu liqakatheke kangangani. Eenhlokwaneni ezilandelako sizokutjheja bonyana sitjho ukuthi ngokuthi umoya, ihlabathi, amanzi nesibhakabhaka.

 1.      Umoya 
Ingabe sitjho ukuthi nasikhuluma ngomoya ngaphasi kwebhoduluko na? Umoya ngaphasi kwebhoduluko utjho umoya esiwuthola ngaphandle begodu lowo esiwuphefumulako (Glazovsky 2009; ne-Wikipedia 2024Wikipedia. 2024. Natural Environment. Litholakala ku:<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_environment>. Lifunyenwe ngomhlaka [20 kuRhoboyi 2024].). Ngaphasi komoya siqala izinga lekhwalithi womaya, ubumbi Nobuhle (Glazovsky 2009).

 2.      Ihlabathi 
Ngaphasi kwehlabathi siqale koke okuphilako nokungaphiliko eokutholakala ehlabathini, ekufaka hlangana izenjiwa namanzi atholakala ehlabathini (Glazovsky 2009; ne-Wikipedia 2024). Izinga lekhwalithi lehlabathi nalo liqakathekile.

 3.      Amanzi 
Amanzi ngaphasi kwebhoduluko kutjhejwe zoke izinto ezitholakala emanzini eziphilako nezingaphiliko kanye nezinga lekhwalithi yemanzi, ubuhle nobumbi balo (Glazovsky 2009; ne-Wikipedia 2024).

 4.      Isibhakabhaka 
Iisbhakabhaka sitjho iphezulu, koke okukhamba nokutholakala esibhakabhakeni (Glazovsky 2009). Ekungezelela, kutjhejwe nangendlela ibhodululo liphathwa ngalo kanye nizinto esisipha sona (Glazovsky 2009).

 Isiphetho 
Isibhoduloko liqakatheke khulu njengepilo yayo yoke into. Izinto ukuze ziphile, zenze imisebenzi yayo zifunjethwe begodu zinakekelwa libhoduluko. Ngphandle kwebhoduluko ezinye zezinto bezingeze zabakhona.

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