Togo

I-Togo (ngesiFulentshi: Togo [tɔˈgo]), ngokusemthethweni yi-Togolese Republic (ngesiFulentshi: République togolaise [ʁe.py.bˈlik tɔgoˈlɛz]), lilizwe eliseTjingalanga ye-Afrika, elinomngcele we-Ghana ngeTjingalanga, i-Benin ngepumalanga, kanye ne-Burkina Faso ngetlhagwini. Ngaseningizimu, inarha ine-coastline encani e-Gulf of Guinea, lapho inhlokodolobha yenarha, i-Lomé, itholakala khona .

 Indatjana 
Kuncani okwaziwako ngomlando we-Togo wakade. Iindaba ezitholwe babantu abavubukuliweko zitjengisa bona iintjhaba zekadeni bezikwazi ukwenza izinto zokubumba nokusebenza ngensimbi. Phakathi nekhulu le-15, amaPutukezi afika, asungula ukurhweba ngeengqila. Ngasekupheleni kwekhulu leminyaka ye-18, idorobha le-Lomé lasungulwa endaweni yendawo yokuhlala yama-Ewe. Ngo-1884, u-Gustav Nachtigal watlikitla isivumelwano nabadosiphambili bendawo abanengi abasungula umbuso we-German Empire phezu kwe-Togo, kanye nengcenye yendawo ye-Ghana yanamhlanjesi. Imingcele yayo yaqunywa ngemva kobana amabutho we-German athumbe ingaphakathi lenarha begodu enza iimvumelwano ne-France ne-Great Britain. Ngomhlana ali-1 kuTjhirhweni 1905, indawo ye-Togo yanamhlanjesi yamenyezelwa njengekoloni ye-German ye-Togoland.

Ngesikhathi sePi yePhasi yoku-1, i-Togoland yathathwa yi-Great Britain ne-France, begodu kwamenyezelwa i-Anglo-French Condominium. NgoNobayeni mhlana ali-7, 1916, indlu yokuhlala yahlakazeka, yahlukaniswa yaba ziindawo ze-Britain ne-France. Mhlana amalanga ama-20 kuNtaka 1922, i-Great Britain yathola igunya le-League of Nations lokulawula i-Togo engeTjingalanga, bese kuthi i-France ibuse ipumalanga. Ngo-1945, inarha yathola ilungelo lokuthumela abajameli abathathu ephalamende ye-France. Ngemva kwePi yesi-II yePhasi, kwasungulwa umbuso we-UN, i-Great Britain ne-France zigcina ukulawula. Mhlana amalanga ama-28 kuSewula wee-1956, ngemva kwereferendamu, i-Togo yathola ubujamo obusemthethweni njengeriphabliki ezijameleko ngaphakathi kwe-France. NgoNhlolanja 1958, i-France yanikela i-Togo ubujamo be-republican, yagcina ilawulo phezu kwezokuvikela, ubudlelwano bangaphandle, kanye nezezimali. Ngenyanga kaRhoboyi wee-1958, ihlangano ye-Togolese Unity Committee yathumba amakhetho we-Chamber of Deputies. U-Sylvanus Olympio bekadosa phambili urhulumende omutjha.

Mhlana amalanga ama-27 kuMrhayili wee-1960, i-Togo yamemezela ikululeko. U-Sylvanus Olympio wanqoba ukhetho lukamongameli wango-1961, wathola ama-99% wamavoti. Ibandla eliphikisako laduba ukhetho. Mhlana amalanga ali-9 kuMrhayili wee-1961, umThethosisekelo we-Togoese Republic wamukelwa, wasungula i-National Assembly njengehlangano ephakemeko ye-Togo. Ngenyanga kaNobayeni 1961, abarholi beenhlangano eziphikisako babotjhwa, basolwa ngokwenza itulo lokulwisana norhulumende, begodu kwakhutjhwa umthetho ozokuqeda iinhlangano eziphikisako. Ngomhlana ali-13 kuTjhirhweni 1963, kwenzeka ukuvukela umbuso kwebutho, lapho u-Sylvanus Olympio abulawa khona. Kwamenyezelwa ubujamo obuphuthumako enarheni le. Ibutho lanikela amandla kurhulumende wesikhatjhana oholwa ngu-Nicolas Grunitzky. NgoMeyi 1963, u-Grunitzky wakhethwa njengoMongameli weRiphabhulikhi, begodu uburholi obutjha balandela umthethomgomo wokuthuthukisa ubudlelwano ne-France.