Amakhotho wethu

Amakhotho wethu 

 Isingeniso 
Emhlabeni lo esiphila kiwo, siphila nabantu ababuya eendaweni ezahlukeneko begodu abasebenza ngeendlela ezahlukeneko. Kodwana, ukuze woke umuntu aphile ngokuthula, ukuhloniphana nokusebenzisana kufanele kube nemithetho nemigomo leyo ezokulandelwa. Imithetho nemigomo leyo itjhetjwa makhotho bonyana ilandelwe kuhle na. Eenhlokwaneni ezilandelako zizokutjheja bonyana kuyini ikhotho begodu nemihlobo yamakhotho.

 Kuyini ikhotho na? 
Ngokuya kuka-Meyerson (2019)Meyerson, D. 2019. What is a Court of Law? UNSW Law Journal, 42(1):60-90. asekelwa yi-Find Law (2025)Find Law. 2024. What is a court? Litholaka ku:< https://www.findlaw.com/litigation/legal-system/what-is-a-court.html>. Lifunyenwe [ngomhlaka 7 kuTjhirhweni 2025].  ikhotho kuliziko lombuso langakomthetho lelo eliqalelene nemithetho. I-Wikipedia (2025)Wikipedia. 2025. Court. Litholakala ku:< https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Court>.  Lifunyenwe [ngomhlaka 7 kuTjhirhweni 2025]. ingezelele yathi ikhotho liziko lombuso lelo eligunyazwe begodu elinamandla wokulamula iiindaba eziphathelene nomthetho hlangana kweenhlangahlangano, abantu, amabubululo nombuso imbala. Ngamanye amagama, ikhokho kusigungu leso esilamula imiraro yomphakathi ngokusebenzi imithetho yenarha. 

Ikhotho kanengi, ingasi soke isikhathi, yakhiwe ngamajaji, abatjhutjhisi, abajameli nabanye abasebenzi abasekeli bekambiso yekhotho (Wikipedia, 2025). Boke abantu ababalwe ngehla laba, ngibo ebenza isiqiniseko sokuthi yoke into ekhotho ikhamba kuhle ngokulandela imigomo nekambiso yayo. Esihlokwaneni esilandelako sizokutjheja imihlobo yamakhotho.

 Imihlobo yamakhotho 
Nasitjheja ngenarheni yethu, iSewula Afrika, sinemihlobo embalwa yamakhotho begodu nemisebenzi yayo iyahluka. Umhlobo wokuthoma ngilo:

 Ikhotho yomthethosisekelo 
Ikhotho yomthethosisekelo yikhotho ekulu kunazo zoke eSewula Afrika begodu kanengi itjheja iindaba eziphathelele nomthethosisekelo, imithethomlingwa nepalamende (Judiciary of South Africa, 2025Judiciary of South Africa. 2025. The South African Judicial System. Litholakala ku:< https://www.judiciary.org.za/index.php/the-south-african-judicial-system>.   Lifunyenwe [ngomhlaka 7 kuTjhirhweni 2025].). Ikhotho le ukuze iragele phambili nokulalelwa kweqala, kufanele kube namajaji abunane (8) ubuncani. Kodwana amajaji la nakhapheleleko alitjhumi nanye (11) [Judiciary of South Africa, 2025]. Ikhotho le isebenza njengekhotho yeenghongoyilo begodu ayilaleli ubufakazi nanyana ihlome ufakazi ngemibuzo; kodwana isebenzisa ufufakazi lobu obalalelwa ekhetho yangaphambilini ngaphambi kokuthi iqala lilethwe kuyo (Judiciary of South Africa, 2025).

 Ikhotho ekulu yeenghonghoyilo 
Ikhotho ekulu yeenghonghoyilo khotho ekulu kunazo zoke ngaphandle kwekhotho yomthethosisekelo (Judiciary of South Africa, 2025). Ikhotho le iqalana namaqala lawo abuya ekhotho ephakemeko, begodu itjheja woke amaqala ngaphandle kwamaqala aphathelene nezemisebenzi kanye nephaliswano (Judiciary of South Africa, 2025). Ayikho ikhotho engatjhugulula isiqunto sayo, ngaphandle kwekhotho yomthethosisekelo (Judiciary of South Africa, 2025). Ikhotho le kufanele ibe namajaji amathathu ukuya kwamahlanu ukuze ikghone ukulalela iqala (Judiciary of South Africa, 2025).

 Ikhotho ephakemeko 
Ikhotho ephakemeko yikhotho esebenza ngokuqintelwa nanyana ngokuya kwendawo nanyana isifunda la inzize khona (Judiciary of South Africa, 2025). Ngamanye amagama iqala elibuya ekhotho kamarhastrada weMalahleni (eMpumalanga) angeze ladluliselwa ekhotho ephakemeko yeTlhagwini Kapa. ESewula Afrika sinamakhotho aphakemeko ali-13. Isifunda seMpumalanga sisengakabi nekhotho ephakemeko esebenzako, kanti isifunda seGauteng nesaKwaZulu Natal zinamakhotho amabili ngesifunda ngasinye, ekubeni ezinye iimfunda zinekhotho ephakemeko ngayinye ngesifunda (Judiciary of South Africa, 2025).

Nanyana kunjalo, kukhona amakhotho ekhethekileko lawo aqala namaqala ekhethikileko kwaphela. Amakhotho lawo ngila (Judiciary of South Africa, 2025):

-         Ikhotho yezemisebenzise neenghonghoyilo zemisebenzi, leyo eqalana namaqala wezemisebenzi kanye neenghonghoyilo zawo.

-         Ikhotho yeembawo zenarha, leyo eqala neendaba eziphathelene nenarha.

-         Ikhotho yeenghonghoyilo zephaliswano, leyo eqalelene namaqala abuya kusigungu sephaliswano.

-         Ikhotho yamakhetho leyo eqalelene namaqala wamakhetho kwaphela.

-         Ikhotho yomthelo, leyo eqalelene namaqala aphathelene nomthelo.

 Ikhotho kamarhastrada 
Ikhotho kamarhastrada yikhotho leyo eba seemphakahthini nanyana endaweni zemakhaya begodu ihlukaniswe Kabili. Kukhona ikhotho yesiyingi nekhotho ejwayelekileko nanyana yesifunda. Ikhotho yesiyingi, kuyikhotho leyo eqalana namaqala wobulelesi, bese kuthi ikhotho yesifunda nanyana ejwayelekileko iqalane namaqala wobugebengu nomphakathi (Center for Court Innovation, 2011Center for Court Innovation. 2011. What is a Community Court? Bureau of Justice Assistance: U.S Department of Justice.).

 Isiphetho 
Amakhotho ziindawo eziqakathekileko lezo ezenza bonyana sibabantu siphililsane ngokuthula. Nanyana kunjalo, kuyenzeka bonyana ezinye iinqunto zitjharaganise izinto ukuya phambili ngebanga lemithetho nokurhumutjha izehlakalo zamaqala alethwe kibo. Ngehla sitjheje woke amakhotho esinawo eSewula Afrika ngaphandle kwamakhotho wabadosiphambili bendabuko. Kodwana, esikhathi esizako sizokutjheja amakhotho wendabuko awodwa ngebanga lokukhetheka kwawo kunamakhotho la wesikhuwa.

 Umthombolwazi