Reformat Novial

Li reformat novial es un novialide kreat de Vicente Costalago in 2022. Lu bli basa in Reformad Novial, e lu ha kelki influes de Novlingue.

 Gramatike 
Li finales del vordes es:
 substantives fina in -e
 adjektives fina in -i
 verbes fina in -a
 adverbies fina in -im

 Alfabete 
letreAFIA aB bC cD dE e o F fletreAFIG gH hI iJ j o K kL lletreAFIM mN nO o o P pR r o S s  o  letreAFIT t U uV vX x

 Artikles 
Li reformat novial ha du artikles:
 artikle definid: li.
 artikle nondefinid: un.

Li artikle definid pova es junktad a kelki prepositiones:
 a + li = al.
 de + li = del.
 da + li = dal.

 Substantives 
Les fini in -e.

Li plural bli forma adant -s.

Li nomine del lingues fina in -um: valensium, spanum, fransum.

Li nomine del landes e regiones fina par -e, ma li urbes no besona ha disi fine: Spanie, Katalunie, Madrid.

Por chanja a feminine on ada -in: hunde, hundine.

 Adjektives 
Les fini in -i.

Les no akorda kon li substantives: li hause gelbi, li hauses gelbi.

Les pova es devan o detra li substantive kel les modifika: li hause gelbi, li gelbi hause.

 Verbes 
Les fini in -a in li presente e in li infinitive.

Li soli ekseptione es li verbe es.

Por konjuga li verbes, nus usa partikles:

 Presente: Me parla
 Preterite: Me did parla
 Future: Me va parla
 Konditionale: Me vud parla
 Partisipe: parlat
 Gerunde: parlant
 Pasive: Me bli parla. 
 Present continuous Me nun parla
 Future continuous Me va nun parla
 Past continuous Me did nun parla

Passive:
 Infinitive: to be protected > bli protekta
 Present:  I am protected > me bli protekta
 Present Perfect: I have been protected > me ha bli protekta
 Simple Past: I was protected > me did bli protekta
 Past Perfect: I had been protected > me had bli protekta
 Future: I will be protected > me va bli protekta
 Conditional: I would be protected > me vud bli protekta

There are several auxiliary verbs that are monosyllabic: 
dev (should), did, es, haThe verb “to have” is “ha”, which is also used as an auxiliary verb., had, let, mej (may), mus (must), pov (can), va, vol
(want), vud (would).

 Pronomes 
 Singulare Plurale I me we nus you vu you vus he, she, person general, neuter lo, la, le, lu they les

 Singulare Plurale my, mine men we, us nusen you, your, yours vun you, your, yours vusen his, her, hers, its lon, lan, len, lun they lesen

 Adverbies 
Les fini in -im.

Nus pova krea li adverbies adant -m al adjektives.

 Questions 
 Yes/no questions 
For yes/no questions, we add the word ob at the beginning of the sentence:
 Ob vus parla Novlingue? - Do you speak Novlingue?
 Ob vus konosa lu? – Do you know them?

 Question words 
We add a question word at the beginning of the sentence and this doesn’t change the word order (as it occurs in English).
 Ku vu vola? – What do you want?
 Ki-tem vu va vena? - When will you come?

 Answering questions 
Positive answer is yes and negative answer is no.
 Ob vu drinka kafe?
 Jes, me drinka kafe.
 No, me no drinka kafe.

 Prepositiones 
 A: to (of place and time): de London a Paris; for the indirect object: dona 10 dollars a e povre; also: me ama a e home; te invidia a e altre, etc. 
 Avan: before (time or place), in front of, ahead of (for space)
 De: of, by. It usually covers the genitive, but it also expresses relation. from me es der de du semanes
 Dum: during (the whole period of) 
 Eset: except
 Eks: outside
 In: in, inside
 Inter: between, among
 Kontra: against
 Kon: with
 Long: according to, in accordance with, along
 Malgre: in spite of, despite
 Por: for, in favour of, in view of: vota por X (the opposite of kontra)
 Pos: after, behind
 Pri: concerning, about, of 
 Retro: behind
 Sin: without 
 Sub: under, below.
 Sur: over, above (with or without contact). 
 Til: to, up, to, till, of space and time, emphasizing that some point has been reached.
 Tra: through, across: tra London.
 Vers: towards, in the direction of; also of time.

 Conjunctions 
 an: even, an si even if
 ank: lso, too
 ankor: yet, still
 apen: hardly, scarcely
 bald: soon
 dunk: consequently, therefore.
 e: and
 ja: already
 jus: just now, a moment ago
 kar: because
 ke: that, conjunction: me dikta ke ti es veri
 kom: as
 ma: but
 ni ... ni: neither... nor
 no: no
 nun: now
 nur: only
 o: or
 o... o: either ... or
 plu, min: plus, minus
 presk: nearly, almost.
 sat: enough
 si: if; si non if not, unless; si nur if only.
 tamen: yet, however, notwithstanding
 tre: very
 tro: too much
 jes: yes

 Affixes 
 Prefixes 
 avan
 kontra
 no
 re
 retro
 mi
 eks
 pos

 Suffixes 
 Substantive 
 se
 ere
 iste
 isme
 loke
 aje (me in Novlingue)
 are (gre in Novlingue)
 um

 Verbal 
 isa

 Adjectival 
 ali
 bli

 Numeral 
 esmi
 ime

 Adverbial 
tem, foj, lok, kas, grad, man, m

 Correlatives 
  question  demonstration  indefinite  universality  negation person  ke  te  kelke  omne  nule thing       ku  tu  kelku  omnu  nulu quality       ki  ti  kelki  omni   nuli place         kilok tilok  kelkilok  omnilok  nulilok time          kitem  titem  kelkitem  omnitem  nulitem amount        kisum  tisum   kelkisum  omnisum  nulisum method        kiman  timan  kelkiman  omniman  nuliman reason        kires  tires  kelkires  omnires  nulires ownership     ken/kun  ten/tun  kelken/kelkun  omnen/omnun  nulen/nulun

 Referes 

Category:Reformat Novial