Sammenligning av Linux-distribusjoner

En sammenligning av Linux-distribusjoner er en sammenligning som tar for seg forskjellig maskinvareutstyr og programvarepakker. Forskjellene i en organisasjons valgte distribusjon kan også motiveres av historiske årsaker. Andre kriterier inkluderer sikkerhet, hvor raskt sikkerhetsoppgraderinger er tilgjengelige, brukervennligheten til pakkesystemet og antall tilgjengelige programvarepakker.

Disse tabellene omfatter de siste versjonene av aktive og nevneverdige distribusjoner, men dekker ikke hvert operativsystems særpreg, betautgaver og testutgaver, og sammenligner heller ikke Linuxdistribusjoner med andre operativsystemer.

 Generelt 

Basic general information about the distributions: creator or producer, release date, the latest version, and such. References are not added here but can be found in respective articles.

Linux distributions endorsed by the Free Software Foundation are marked 100% Free under the System distribution commitment column.

 Distribusjon Grunnlegger Vedlikeholder Opprinnelig lansering Siste versjon Sikkerhetsoppdateringer Utgivelsesdato System distribution commitment Fork fra Målgruppe Kostnader Status Alpine Linux Alpine Linux Team Alpine Linux Team 2006 3.5.2  2017-03-02  – security, lightweight, general   ALT Linux ALT Linux Team ALT Linux Team, ALT Linux LLC 2001 7.0  2013-07-10  Mandriva Linux general, school   antiX Anticapitalista Anticapitalista 2007 15.1  2016-02-19  Debian - MEPIS old computers   ArchBang Willensky Aristide Stan McLaren  Rolling Rolling   Arch Linux general   Arch Linux Judd Vinet dev team  Rolling Rolling   – general   BLAG Brixton Linux Action Group Brixton Linux Action Group  140k   Fedora]] desktop   Bodhi Linux Bodhi Linux Team Bodhi Linux Team  4.2.0    Debian, Ubuntu desktop   Canaima CANTV / CNTI / CENTIDEL / Edelca / VIT / FUNDACITE / Free software community CANTV / CNTI / CENTIDEL / Edelca / VIT / FUNDACITE / Free software community  5.0    Debian, Ubuntu Government of Venezuela   CentOS CentOS Project CentOS Project  7.3-1611 10 years   Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) server, workstation   Chakra Linux Jan Mette and Arch Linux KDEmod developers The Chakra Project Team  Rolling Rolling   Arch Linux  desktop   Chromium OS   2009     Chrome OS web applications   ClearOS Peter Baldwin ClearFoundation  6.5.0    RHEL, CentOS server, gateway, network   CrunchBang Linux Philip Newborough Philip Newborough  11    Debian desktop   Damn Small Linux John Andrews dev team  4.4.10    Debian, Knoppix lightweight, portable   Debian Ian Murdock Debian Project  8.8 ~3 years   (main is 100% free, non-free packages are optional)  – general, server, desktop   Debian Edu  Debian Project  8.0+edu0 ~3 years   – schools   Dragora GNU/Linux-Libre Matias A. Fonzo Matias A. Fonzo  2.2    Independent, inspired from Slackware general   dyne:bolic Jaromil Jaromil  3.0.0    Debian multimedia   Elementary OS Daniel Foré elementary  0.4.0      – general   ELinOS SYSGO SYSGO       – embedded systems   Emdebian Grip Embedded Debian Project Embedded Debian Project  3.1 End-of-life   Debian embedded systems   Fedora Fedora Project Fedora Project  25    – general   Freespire Lindows.com, Inc. Linspire, Inc.  2.0.8    Debian desktop   Gentoo Linux Daniel Robbins Gentoo Foundation, Inc.  Rolling Rolling   – general   Guix System Distribution Ludovic Courtès Ludovic Courtès, Ricardo Wurmus, the Guix community  0.13.0 Rolling   – general   gNewSense Brian Brazil and Paul O'Malley Sam Geeraerts with sponsorship from the FSF  4.0 (Ucclia)    Debian general, server   gnuLinEx Regional Government of Extremadura dev team      Debian desktop   Grml Michael Prokop The Grml Team      Debian live, maintenance, security, network, forensic, accessibility   Instant WebKiosk Marco Buratto Binary Emotions  14.0    Debian web kiosks, digital signage, personal web navigation   Kali Linux Max Moser, Mati Aharoni, Martin J. Muench Remote-Exploit  2.0    Debian auditing, forensic, security, network   Knoppix Klaus Knopper dev team  7.6.0    Debian live   Kodibuntu The XBMC Project Team Kodi      Debian, Ubuntu multimedia   Korora Chris Smart Dev Team  20    Fedora desktop   LibreCMC LibreCMC team LibreCMC team  1.3    Merged from LibreWRT embedded systems   Linspire Linspire, Inc. Linspire, Inc.      Ubuntu    Linux Mint Clement Lefebvre dev team  18 ~3 years (LMDE); 5 years (main editions)   Debian, Ubuntu desktop   Mageia Mageia Community mageia.org  5.1 1   Mandriva Linux general   Mandriva Linux Mandrakesoft S.A. Mandriva S.A.  2011    Red Hat Linux general   Manjaro Linux Roland Singer dev team  Rolling Rolling   Arch Linux general   MEPIS Warren Woodford MEPIS LLC      Debian desktop, server   Musix GNU+Linux Musix team Musix team  3.0.1    Debian multimedia   Netrunner Blue Systems dev team      Debian, Ubuntu, Kubuntu desktop   Novell Open Enterprise Server Novell Novell, Inc. dev team      SUSE Linux Enterprise Server server   OpenELEC Stephan Raue, OpenELEC Team OpenELEC Team      – multimedia   openSUSE SUSE Linux, Novell openSUSE Project  42.2 3 years   – general, desktop   OpenWrt  OpenWrt team      – embedded systems   Oracle Linux Oracle Corporation Oracle Corporation  2012  2014  Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) server   Parabola GNU/Linux-libre Parabola Hackers Parabola Hackers  Rolling Rolling   Arch Linux general   Pardus Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TÜBİTAK) TÜBİTAK      – general   Parsix Alan Baghumian Parsix Project      Debian desktop   PCLinuxOS Bill Reynolds dev team  2017.04 Semi-rolling   PCLinuxOS desktop   Pentoo Michael Zanetta, Rick Farina, Jens Pranaitis Pentoo  2015.0 RC4.6    Gentoo Linux auditing, security   Porteus Fanthom Porteus      Slackware lightweight, portable   Puppy Linux Barry Kauler Puppy Foundation  6.3    – lightweight, portable   Qubes OS Joanna Rutkowska Invisible Things Lab  3.2     Xen and Fedora Security by Compartmentalization, desktop   Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) Red Hat Red Hat  7.3  2016-11-03  Red Hat Linux, Fedora server, workstation   Red Hat Linux Red Hat Red Hat  9  2003-03-31  – server, workstation   Rocks Cluster Distribution UCSD Supercomputing Center, Clustercorp UCSD Supercomputing Center, Clustercorp  6.2  2015-05-12  Red Hat Linux server, workstation   Sabayon Linux Fabio Erculiani dev team  16.02  2016-01-29  Gentoo Linux general   Salix OS Cyrille Pontvieux, George Vlahavas, Pierrick Le Brun, Thorsten Mühlfelder Salix team      Slackware general   Scientific Linux CERN, Fermilab dev team  7.2  2016-02-05  Red Hat Linux, Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) server, workstation    Slackware Patrick Volkerding dev team  14.2  2016-06-30  Softlanding Linux System (SLS) general   Slax Tomas Matejicek Tomas Matejicek  7.0.8  2013-03-16  Slackware live   SliTaz GNU/Linux Christophe Lincoln dev team  2.6.37    – portable   SolydXK Arjen Balfoort dev team      Debian desktop   Source Mage Ryan Abrams, Eric Schabell dev team      Sorcerer general   SteamOS Valve Corporation       Debian video games   SUSE Linux Enterprise Server SUSE,  Microfocus  12SP2  2016-11-16  Slackware, Jurix workstation, server   Tails  Tails Development Team  2.12 – 2017-04-19  Debian security-focused aimed for anonymity and privacy   Tiny Core Linux Robert Shingledecker Team Tiny Core      Tiny Core Linux portable   Tor-ramdisk Anthony G. Basile dev team  20151215    Gentoo Linux Embedded, uClibc Tor server   Trisquel Rubén Rodríguez Pérez (quidam) Rubén Rodríguez Pérez (quidam)  7.0 5 years   Ubuntu LTS desktop   TurnKey GNU/Linux Alon Swartz, Liraz Siri TurnKey GNU/Linux Team  14.1 Debian packages as per Debian; TurnKey packages for life of current major version (plus backports per request)    Debian server based software appliance library aiming to balance security and ease of use   Ubuntu og derivativer Canonical Ltd. Canonical Ltd.  17.04 Standard releases 9 months, LTS releases 5 years. Flavor LTS releases 3 or 5 years.   Debian general, server, desktop   Univention Corporate Server Univention GmbH Univention GmbH  3.2-2    Debian (small business) server   Ututo Diego Saravia, Daniel Olivera UTUTO dev team  XS 2012    Ututo XS: Gentoo Linux, Ututo UL: Ubuntu general   VectorLinux Robert S. Lange dev team  7.1  2015-06-27  Slackware desktop   Void Linux Juan Romero Pardines dev team  Rolling    – general   Webconverger Kai Hendry Webconverger Limited 2007 34.0  2016-02-20  Debian Kiosk software, digital signage   Xandros Xandros Incorporated Xandros Incorporated      Corel Linux    Zentyal eBox Technologies eBox Technologies 2005     Debian, Ubuntu Small Business Server   Zenwalk Linux Jean-Philippe Guillemin dev team 2004 8.0  2016-07-02  Slackware general   Distribution Founder Maintainer Initial release year Current stable version Security updates (years) Release date System distribution commitment Forked from Target audience Cost Status

 Tekniske detaljer 
The table below shows the default file system, but many Linux distributions support some or all of ext2, ext3, ext4, Btrfs, ReiserFS, Reiser4, JFS, XFS, GFS2, OCFS2, and NILFS. It is possible to install Linux onto most of these file systems. The ext file systems, namely ext2, ext3, and ext4 are based on the original Linux file system.

File systems have been developed by companies to meet their specific needs, by hobbyists, or adapted from Unix, Microsoft Windows, and other operating systems. Linux has full support for XFS and JFS, FAT (the DOS file system), and HFS, the main file system for the Macintosh. Support for Microsoft Windows NT's NTFS file system has been developed and is now comparable with other native Unix file systems. CDs, DVDs, and Blu-ray discs' ISO 9660 and Universal Disk Format (UDF) are supported.

Unlike other operating systems, Linux and Unix allow any file system regardless of the medium it is stored on, whether that medium is a magnetic disk, an optical disk (CD, DVD, etc.), a USB flash memory key, or even contained within a file located on another file system. Similarly, many C compilers (mainly GNU Compiler Collection (GCC)), init systems (mainly sysvinit), desktop environments and window managers are widely supported.

 Distribution Default Linux kernel Default file system Default init system Install-time desktop environment or window manager selection Alpine Linux  ext4 openrc  none ALT Linux  ext3 systemd, KDE Plasma Workspaces, Xfce Arch Linux https://www.gnu.org/distros/common-distros.en.html none systemd  none BLAG  ext3 sysvinit GNOME Bodhi Linux  ext4 sysvinit Moksha (Enlightenment fork) Canaima    Cinnamon and MATE CentOS  xfs systemd GNOME Chakra  ext4 systemd KDE Plasma Workspaces ClearOS  ext3  GNOME CoreOS  ext4 systemd None CrunchBang Linux  ext4 sysvinit Openbox Damn Small Linux  ext3 sysvinit JWM Debian  Built with Linux-Libre tools. ext4 systemd GNOME, KDE, Xfce, LXDE Dragora GNU/Linux-Libre  ext4 runit Xfce dyne:bolic     Fedora  ext4 systemd GNOME (default Workstation Edition), Spins for: KDE Plasma Workspaces, Xfce, LXDE, MATE (with Compiz), Cinnamon, Sugar on a Stick Funtoo  none openrc None Gentoo  none openrc Awesome, Enlightenment, Fluxbox, GNOME, KDE, LXDE-Meta, Openbox, XBMC and Xfce (live DVD) gNewSense http://bzr.savannah.gnu.org/lh/gnewsense/packages-parkes/linux-2.6/view/head:/debian/README.gNewSense ext3  GNOME gnuLinEx  ext2  GNOME GuixSD  btrfs, ext4 GNU Shepherd GNOME, Xfce, i3, ratpoison, xmonad Instant WebKiosk  SquashFS  Has no DE. It's a browser-only interface Kali Linux  ext3 sysvinit GNOME Knoppix  xfs microknoppix LXDE LibreCMC   ext4 busybox-init  none Linux Mint  ext4 upstart MATE, Cinnamon, KDE 4, XFCE Mageia  ext4 systemd KDE Plasma Workspaces, GNOME Mandriva Linux  ext4 systemd KDE Plasma Workspaces Manjaro Linux  none openrc or systemd Xfce, KDE  MEPIS  ext3, ext4 sysvinit KDE Plasma Workspaces Musix GNU+Linux   ext4 initscripts LXDE OpenELEC  SquashFS shell script XBMC Media Center openSUSE  btrfs systemd KDE Plasma Workspaces, GNOME, Xfce OpenWrt  overlayfs+SquashFS/JFFS2 procd  none Parabola GNU/Linux-libre  none systemd  none Pardus  ext4  KDE Plasma Workspaces Parsix  ext4 systemd GNOME PCLinuxOS  none sysvinit KDE Plasma Workspaces, GNOME, LXDE, Xfce, Enlightenment, Openbox Pentoo  SquashFS openrc Enlightenment Porteus  Squashfs, ext2, ext3, ext4, FAT32, reiser, xfs sysvinit KDE, LXDE, Xfce, Openbox, Razor-qt Puppy Linux  SquashFS containing ext2 busybox-init JWM Red Hat Enterprise Linux  xfs systemd GNOME Rxart Desktop  ext3  KDE Plasma Workspaces Sabayon Linux  ext4 systemd KDE Plasma Workspaces, GNOME Scientific Linux  ext4sysvinit, systemdPrior to v7.0, Scientific Linux used sysvinit. Since v7.0, it uses systemd.  GNOME Slackware  ext4 BSD init scripts KDE Plasma Workspaces, Xfce, Fluxbox, Blackbox, twm Slax  SquashFS sysvinit KDE Plasma Workspaces SliTaz GNU/Linux  ext3 busybox-init Openbox Source Mage GNU/Linux  ext2 simpleinit-msb  none SteamOS     SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop  ext3 systemd GNOME Tails    GNOME Tor-ramdisk  ext2   none Trisquel  ext4, xfs upstart GNOME, LXDE TurnKey GNU/Linux  ext4 systemd none - headless server by design; provides Webmin for administration Ubuntu/Edubuntu  ext4 systemd Unity Ubuntu GNOME  ext4 systemd GNOME 3 Ubuntu MATE  ext4 systemd MATE Kubuntu  ext4 systemd KDE Plasma Workspaces Xubuntu  ext4 systemd Xfce Lubuntu  ext4 systemd LXDE Ututo  ext3  GNOME VectorLinux  ReiserFS sysvinit KDE, Openbox, Fluxbox, IceWM, Xfce Void Linux  none runit  none Webconverger  gitfs sysvinit dwm enforcing a Browser-only interface XBMC Live  ext3 upstart XBMC Media Center Zentyal  ext4  LXDE Zenwalk  ext4 sysvinit Xfce Distribution Default Linux kernel Default file system Default init system Install-time desktop environment or window manager selection

Datamaskinarkitekturer
Distributionx86x86-64ia64ppc ppc64sparc32sparc64armhppaloongsonmipsshs390s390xalpham68k Alpine Linux Arch Linux (>=i686) (To be discontinued 2017-11-01)Unofficial BackTrack BLAG Bodhi Linux BOSS Linux CentOS Chakra CRUX Debian Dragora GNU/Linux-Libre dyne:bolic Fedora Finnix Gentoo gNewSense GuixSD Kali Linux LibreCMC XBurst Manjaro LinuxUnofficial  MEPIS Musix GNU+Linux OpenELEC openSUSEno longer listed at site OpenWrt Oracle Linux Parabola GNU/Linux-libre Red Flag Linux   Red Hat Linux Red Hat Enterprise Linux3+3+3+3+ Sabayon Linux Scientific Linux SHR Slackware Source Mage GNU/Linux SUSE Linux Enterprise Server Tor-ramdisk   Trisquel GNU/Linux TurnKey GNU/Linux Ubuntu/Kubuntu/Xubuntu/Lubuntu, including 64-bit ARMv8-A Ututo Void Linux XBMCbuntu Yellow Dog LinuxDistributionx86x86-64ia64ppcppc64sparc32sparc64armhppaloongsonmipsshs390s390xalpham68k

Pakkehåndtering og installasjon
Information on features in the distributions. Package numbers are only approximate (some distributions like Ubuntu tend to separate tools into different packages (usually stable release, development release, documentation and debug).

 Distribution Free software repositories Approximate number of pre-compiled packages Approximate number of source packages Default package management tool(s) Package format Default installer Graphical installation process Netinstall Netboot Alpine Linux   apk .apk setup-alpine    ALT Linux   APT (APT-RPM), RPM RPM    Arch Linux     from ABS and AUR  Pacman .pkg.tar.xz None (install scripts only)    BLAG    RPM, yum, APT RPM    Bodhi Linux   APT .dpkg  Ubiquity    CentOS   RPM, yum/up2date RPMAnaconda    Chakra      Pacman (will be replaced by Akabei in future) .pkg.tar.xz    ClearOS   RPM, yum RPM    CrunchBang Linux   APT .deb    Damn Small Linux   myDSL, APT .dsl, .tar.gz, .uci, .unc, .deb    Debian    APT .deb Debian-Installer    Dragora GNU/Linux-Libre  484  pkgsystem .tlz     dyne:bolic    APT .deb Debian-Installer    Fedora    DNF, yum, PackageKit RPM Anaconda    Gentoo    Portage .ebuild, .tbz2    gNewSense    APT .deb Debian-Installer    gnuLinEx   APT .deb    GuixSD    Guix .scm, .go guix system init    Knoppix   APT .deb    LibreCMC  826        Linux Mint   APT .deb Ubiquity    Mageia   (i586),  (x86-64)   urpmi, rpmdrake RPM DrakX    Mandriva Linux   urpmi, rpmdrake RPM DrakX    Manjaro Linux    from AUR Pacman .pkg.tar.xz None (install scripts only)    MEPIS   APT .deb MEPIS Install    Musix GNU+Linux  1819  APT .deb Debian-Installer    OpenELEC    XBMCbuntu addon manager, own and 3rd party addons .zip    openSUSE   Stats for openSUSE_(Factory|Tumleweed) for Jan 12, 2016, using the script http://inai.de/files/dist/countpkg-suse3 -r 'openSUSE_(Factory|Tumbleweed)', which inspects the project list from the openSUSE.org Build Service instance and discounts non-SUSE and home projects. Numbers for 13.2: 63438 bin, 32707 src; for 42.1: 43401 bin, 17428 src. YaST, Zypper RPM YaST    OpenWrt   opkg .ipk -    Parabola GNU/Linux-libre    Pacman .pkg.tar.xz None (install scripts only)    Pardus   PiSi .pisi YALI    Parsix    APT .deb    PCLinuxOS   APT, RPM RPM    Puppy   PupGet, DotPup.pup, .pet    Red Hat Enterprise Linux   (plus  from EPEL) RPM, yum RPMAnaconda    Rxart   APT .deb    Sabayon Linux  > Portage, Entropy ebuild, .tbz2 Calamares    Scientific  APT/yum RPM    Slackware   installpkg, upgradepkg tgz, .txz, .tlz, .tbz    Slax   none .lzm   SliTaz GNU/Linux   Tazpkg .tazpkg tazinst    Source Mage GNU/Linux    Sorcery Package Manager src    SUSE Linux    YaST, Zypper RPM YaST    Tiny Core Linux   ab, tce-load tcz tc-install, core2usb    Tiny SliTaz   Web site tazpkg    Tor-ramdisk   none none    Trisquel     APT .deb Ubiquity    TurnKey GNU/Linux  As per Debian + ~30 custom packages As per Debian (currently TurnKey only supplies source code for custom packages) APT .deb DI-Live (custom fork of Debian Installer)    Ubuntu, Kubuntu, Xubuntu    APT .deb Ubiquity    Ututo    UTUTO Package Manager ebuild     Vector Linux  slapt-get, gslapt, installpkg tgz    Void Linux  6,000 6,719 xbps .xbps     XBMC Live  APT .deb    Zentyal  APT .deb dpkg    Zenwalk   netpkg, installpkg, upgradepkg tgz, txz    Distribution Free software repositories Approximate number of pre-compiled packages Approximate number of source packages Default package management tools Package format Default installer Graphical installation process Netinstall Netboot

Live media
 Distribution Size of media (MB) RAM use (MB) Boots from CD Boots from DVD Installable live CD/DVD Installable from USB Arch Linux      AUSTRUMI      BLAG Linux and GNU      Bodhi Linux       CentOS  (Minimal)  (DVD)     Chakra      Debian       Dragora GNU/Linux-Libre       dyne:bolic       Fedora   to      Gentoo  (Minimal)  (Live DVD) up to      gNewSense       Grml   to      Guix System Distribution       Knoppix CD   to     Knoppix DVD   to    LibreCMC       Mandriva Linux One   to      Manjaro Linux  to     to      MEPIS  to   to      MCNLive    Musix GNU+Linux       Nanolinux        openGEU   to    openSUSE (Not 42.1)   to      OpenWrt       Oralux     Parabola       Pardus  to   to      PCLinuxOS  to   to      Pentoo  and   to    Pentoo Development Website      Puppy Linux (Slacko)   to      Puredyne      Sabayon Linux Live CD      Sabayon Linux Live DVD      Scientific Linux  to        Slax   to     SystemRescueCD      SliTaz GNU/Linux   to      Tails       (when run from DVD) Tiny Core Linux       Tiny SliTaz       Tor-ramdisk   or >      Trinity Rescue Kit    Trisquel       TurnKey GNU/Linux Core (base) appliance ISO       Ubuntu       Ututo       Edubuntu      Kubuntu       XBMC Live   to      Zentyal       Xubuntu       Distribution Size of media (MB) RAM use (MB) Boots from CD Boots from DVD Installable live CD/DVD Installable from USB

Sikkerhet
 Distribution Compile time buffer checks Mandatory access control Software executable space protection grsecurity RSBAC BLAG      Alpine Linux       Debian/Ubuntu    optional   Dragora GNU/Linux-Libre      dyne:bolic      Fedora        Gentoo    optional   gNewSense      Guix System Distribution      LibreCMC      Mandriva      Musix GNU+Linux      Parabola GNU/Linux-libre      SUSE Linux      Tor-ramdisk      Trisquel      Ututo     

Se også
 Comparison of netbook-oriented Linux distributions
 Comparison of operating systems
 DistroWatch
 List of Linux distributions

Referanser

Eksterne lenker
 LWN.net Linux Distribution List
 Linux free distros (Free Software Foundation)