Solfuglar

Solfuglar er ein biologisk familie, Nectariniidae, av små sporvefuglar. Det finst ca. 140 artar i 15 slekter spreidd over Afrika, Sør-Asia og nordlege Australia. Hovudføda for solfuglar er nektar, men dei vil også ta insekt, spesielt når dei fôrar ungar. Frukt er også ein del av kosthaldet for nokre artar. Flyginga er kjapp og direkte på korte venger. 

Det finst to fuglefamiliar som har likskap med solfuglar, men med svært fjernt slektskap: kolibriar i Amerika og honningetarar i Australia. Likskapen mellom desse tre gruppene kjem av konvergerande evolusjon som reflekterer liknande levemåte basert på diett av nektar. Somme solfuglar kan ta nektar mens dei stillar i lufta som ein kolibri, men det vanlege er at dei sit på ei grein eller liknande når dei et.

 Bilete av solfuglar 

 Artsliste 
Solfuglar i rekkjefølgje etter EBird/Clements Checklist v2018 med norske namn etter Norske navn på verdens fugler:
Slekt Chalcoparia
 Raudkinnsolfugl, Chalcoparia singalensis, Ruby-cheeked Sunbird, Gmelin, JF, 1789, (LC)

Slekt Deleornis
 Skarlaksdusksolfugl, Deleornis fraseri, Fraser's Sunbird, Jardine & Selby, 1843, (LC)
 Gråhovudsolfugl, Deleornis axillaris, Gray-headed Sunbird, Reichenow, 1893, (LC)

Slekt Anthreptes
 Smekkesolfugl, Anthreptes reichenowi, Plain-backed Sunbird, Gunning, 1909, (NT)
 Palettsolfugl, Anthreptes anchietae, Anchieta's Sunbird, Barboza du Bocage, 1878, (LC)
 Glanspannesolfugl, Anthreptes simplex, Plain Sunbird, Müller, S, 1843, (LC)
 Malaysolfugl, Anthreptes malacensis, Plain-throated Sunbird, Scopoli, 1786, (LC)
 Rosenstrupesolfugl, Anthreptes rhodolaemus, Red-throated Sunbird, Shelley, 1878, (NT)
 Brunsolfugl, Anthreptes gabonicus, Mouse-brown Sunbird, Hartlaub, 1861, (LC)
 Fiolettryggsolfugl, Anthreptes longuemarei, Western Violet-backed Sunbird, Lesson, R, 1831, (LC)
 Tornsolfugl, Anthreptes orientalis, Eastern Violet-backed Sunbird, Hartlaub, 1880, (LC)
 Swahilisolfugl, Anthreptes neglectus, Uluguru Violet-backed Sunbird, Neumann, 1922, (LC)
 Fioletthalesolfugl, Anthreptes aurantius, Violet-tailed Sunbird, Verreaux, J & Verreaux, E, 1851, (LC)
 Grønsolfugl, Anthreptes seimundi, Little Green Sunbird, Ogilvie-Grant, 1908, (LC)
 Smaragdsolfugl, Anthreptes rectirostris, Green Sunbird, Shaw, 1812, (LC)
 Raudbandsolfugl, Anthreptes rubritorques, Banded Sunbird, Reichenow, 1905, (VU)

Slekt Hedydipna
 Smykkesolfugl, Hedydipna collaris, Collared Sunbird, Vieillot, 1819, (LC)
 Vimpelsolfugl, Hedydipna platura, Pygmy Sunbird, Vieillot, 1819, (LC)
 Nilsolfugl, Hedydipna metallica, Nile Valley Sunbird, Lichtenstein, MHK, 1823, (LC)
 Kvitbuksolfugl, Hedydipna pallidigaster, Amani Sunbird, Sclater, WL & Moreau, 1935, (EN)

Slekt Anabathmis
 Skjelryggsolfugl, Anabathmis reichenbachii, Reichenbach's Sunbird, Hartlaub, 1857, (LC)
 Principesolfugl, Anabathmis hartlaubii, Principe Sunbird, Hartlaub, 1857, (LC)
 Saotomesolfugl, Anabathmis newtonii, Newton's Sunbird, Barboza du Bocage, 1887, (LC)

Slekt Dreptes
 Kjempesolfugl, Dreptes thomensis, Sao Tome Sunbird, Barboza du Bocage, 1889, (VU)

Slekt Anthobaphes
 Fynbossolfugl, Anthobaphes violacea, Orange-breasted Sunbird, Linné, 1766, (LC)

Slekt Cyanomitra
 Grønhovudsolfugl, Cyanomitra verticalis, Green-headed Sunbird, Latham, 1790, (LC)
 Beryllhovudsolfugl, Cyanomitra bannermani, Bannerman's Sunbird, Grant, CHB & Mackworth-Praed, 1943, (LC)
 Blåstrupesolfugl, Cyanomitra cyanolaema, Blue-throated Brown Sunbird, Jardine & Fraser, 1852, (LC)
 Kamerunsolfugl, Cyanomitra oritis, Cameroon Sunbird, Reichenow, 1892, (LC)
 Blåhovudsolfugl, Cyanomitra alinae, Blue-headed Sunbird, Jackson, 1904, (LC)
 Olivensolfugl, Cyanomitra olivacea, Olive Sunbird, Smith, A, 1840, (LC)
 Gråsolfugl, Cyanomitra veroxii, Mouse-colored Sunbird, Smith, A, 1832, (LC)

Slekt Chalcomitra
 Kremstrupesolfugl, Chalcomitra adelberti, Buff-throated Sunbird, Gervais, 1834, (LC)
 Karmelittsolfugl, Chalcomitra fuliginosa, Carmelite Sunbird, Bechstein, 1811, (LC)
 Grønstrupesolfugl, Chalcomitra rubescens, Green-throated Sunbird, Vieillot, 1819, (LC)
 Ametystsolfugl, Chalcomitra amethystina, Amethyst Sunbird, Shaw, 1812, (LC)
 Skarlaksbrystsolfugl, Chalcomitra senegalensis, Scarlet-chested Sunbird, Linné, 1766, (LC)
 Rubinsolfugl, Chalcomitra hunteri, Hunter's Sunbird, Shelley, 1889, (LC)
 Sokotrasolfugl, Chalcomitra balfouri, Socotra Sunbird, Sclater, PL & Hartlaub, 1881, (LC)

Slekt Leptocoma
 Purpurgumpsolfugl, Leptocoma zeylonica, Purple-rumped Sunbird, Linné, 1766, (LC)
 Malabarsolfugl, Leptocoma minima, Crimson-backed Sunbird, Sykes, 1832, (LC)
 Karminbrystsolfugl, Leptocoma brasiliana, Van Hasselt's Sunbird, Gmelin, JF, 1788, (LC)
 Purpurstrupesolfugl, Leptocoma sperata, Purple-throated Sunbird, Linné, 1766, (LC)
 Fløyelssolfugl, Leptocoma sericea, Black Sunbird
 Koparstrupesolfugl, Leptocoma calcostetha, Copper-throated Sunbird, Jardine, 1842, (LC)

Slekt Nectarinia
 Fiolettsolfugl, Nectarinia bocagii, Bocage's Sunbird, Shelley, 1879, (LC)
 Regnbogesolfugl, Nectarinia purpureiventris, Purple-breasted Sunbird, Reichenow, 1893, (LC)
 Purpurkappesolfugl, Nectarinia tacazze, Tacazze Sunbird, Stanley, 1814, (LC)
 Bronsesolfugl, Nectarinia kilimensis, Bronze Sunbird, Shelley, 1885, (LC)
 Malakittsolfugl, Nectarinia famosa, Malachite Sunbird, Linné, 1766, (LC)
 Lobeliasolfugl, Nectarinia johnstoni, Red-tufted Sunbird, Shelley, 1885, (LC)

Slekt Drepanorhynchus
 Gullvengsolfugl, Drepanorhynchus reichenowi, Golden-winged Sunbird, Fischer, GA, 1884, (LC)

Slekt Cinnyris
 Olivenbuksolfugl, Cinnyris chloropygius, Olive-bellied Sunbird, Jardine, 1842, (LC)
 Dvergsolfugl, Cinnyris minullus, Tiny Sunbird, Reichenow, 1899, (LC)
 Miombosolfugl, Cinnyris manoensis, Miombo Sunbird, Reichenow, 1907, (LC)
 Kappsolfugl, Cinnyris chalybeus, Southern Double-collared Sunbird, Linné, 1766, (LC)
 Thongasolfugl, Cinnyris neergaardi, Neergaard's Sunbird, Grant, CHB, 1908, (NT)
 Rwenzorisolfugl, Cinnyris stuhlmanni, Stuhlmann's Sunbird, Reichenow, 1893, (LC)
 Marungusolfugl, Cinnyris prigoginei, Prigogine's Sunbird, Macdonald, 1958, (NT)
 Bergsolfugl, Cinnyris ludovicensis, Montane Double-collared Sunbird, Barboza du Bocage, 1868, (LC)
 Lundsolfugl, Cinnyris reichenowi, Northern Double-collared Sunbird, Sharpe, 1891, (LC)
 Breibeltesolfugl, Cinnyris afer, Greater Double-collared Sunbird, Linné, 1766, (LC)
 Kongesolfugl, Cinnyris regius, Regal Sunbird, Reichenow, 1893, (LC)
 Bambussolfugl, Cinnyris rockefelleri, Rockefeller's Sunbird, Chapin, 1932, (VU)
 Mellomsolfugl, Cinnyris mediocris, Eastern Double-collared Sunbird, Shelley, 1885, (LC)
 Udzungwasolfugl, Cinnyris moreaui, Moreau's Sunbird, Sclater, WL, 1933, (NT)
 Ulugurusolfugl, Cinnyris loveridgei, Loveridge's Sunbird, Hartert, 1922, (EN)
 Fagersolfugl, Cinnyris pulchellus, Beautiful Sunbird, Linné, 1766, (LC)
 Akasiesolfugl, Cinnyris mariquensis, Mariqua Sunbird, Smith, A, 1836, (LC)
 Bladsolfugl, Cinnyris shelleyi, Shelley's Sunbird, Alexander, 1899, (LC)
 Kongosolfugl, Cinnyris congensis, Congo Sunbird, van Oort, 1910, (LC)
 Raudbrystsolfugl, Cinnyris erythrocercus, Red-chested Sunbird, Hartlaub, 1857, (LC)
 Elvesolfugl, Cinnyris nectarinioides, Black-bellied Sunbird, Richmond, 1897, (LC)
 Purpurbandsolfugl, Cinnyris bifasciatus, Purple-banded Sunbird, Shaw, 1812, (LC)
 Tsavosolfugl, Cinnyris tsavoensis, Tsavo Sunbird, van Someren, 1922, (LC)
 Kystsolfugl, Cinnyris chalcomelas, Violet-breasted Sunbird, Reichenow, 1905, (LC)
 Pembasolfugl, Cinnyris pembae, Pemba Sunbird, Reichenow, 1905, (LC)
 Tistelsolfugl, Cinnyris bouvieri, Orange-tufted Sunbird, Shelley, 1877, (LC)
 Palestinasolfugl, Cinnyris osea, Palestine Sunbird, Bonaparte, 1856, (LC)
 Glanssolfugl, Cinnyris habessinicus, Shining Sunbird, Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1828, (LC)
 Praktsolfugl, Cinnyris coccinigastrus, Splendid Sunbird, Latham, 1801, (LC)
 Jungelsolfugl, Cinnyris johannae, Johanna's Sunbird, Verreaux, J & Verreaux, E, 1851, (LC)
 Edelsolfugl, Cinnyris superbus, Superb Sunbird, Shaw, 1812, (LC)
 Raudvengsolfugl, Cinnyris rufipennis, Rufous-winged Sunbird, Jensen, 1983, (VU)
 Krattsolfugl, Cinnyris oustaleti, Oustalet's Sunbird, Barboza du Bocage, 1878, (LC)
 Talatalasolfugl, Cinnyris talatala, White-breasted Sunbird, Smith, A, 1836, (LC)
 Venussolfugl, Cinnyris venustus, Variable Sunbird, Shaw, 1799, (LC)
 Dunkelsolfugl, Cinnyris fuscus, Dusky Sunbird, Vieillot, 1819, (LC)
 Skogsolfugl, Cinnyris ursulae, Ursula's Sunbird, Alexander, 1903, (LC)
 Alvesolfugl, Cinnyris batesi, Bates's Sunbird, Ogilvie-Grant, 1908, (LC)
 Koparsolfugl, Cinnyris cupreus, Copper Sunbird, Shaw, 1812, (LC)
 Purpursolfugl, Cinnyris asiaticus, Purple Sunbird, Latham, 1790, (LC)
 Olivenryggsolfugl, Cinnyris jugularis, Olive-backed Sunbird, Linné, 1766, (LC)
 Sumbasolfugl, Cinnyris buettikoferi, Apricot-breasted Sunbird, Hartert, 1896, (LC)
 Flammebrystsolfugl, Cinnyris solaris, Flame-breasted Sunbird, Temminck, 1825, (LC)
 Sovimangasolfugl, Cinnyris sovimanga, Souimanga Sunbird, Gmelin, JF, 1788, (LC)
 Madagaskarsolfugl, Cinnyris notatus, Madagascar Sunbird, Statius Müller, PL, 1776, (LC)
 Seychellsolfugl, Cinnyris dussumieri, Seychelles Sunbird, Hartlaub, 1861, (LC)
 Vinbrystsolfugl, Cinnyris humbloti, Humblot's Sunbird, Milne-Edwards & Oustalet, 1885, (LC)
 Anjouansolfugl, Cinnyris comorensis, Anjouan Sunbird, Peters, W, 1864, (LC)
 Mayottesolfugl, Cinnyris coquerellii, Mayotte Sunbird, Hartlaub, 1860, (LC)
 Langnebbsolfugl, Cinnyris lotenius, Long-billed Sunbird, Linné, 1766, (LC)

Slekt Aethopyga
 Paradissolfugl, Aethopyga duyvenbodei, Elegant Sunbird, Schlegel, 1871, (EN)
 Eldhalesolfugl, Aethopyga ignicauda, Fire-tailed Sunbird, Hodgson, 1836, (LC)
 Svartstrupesolfugl, Aethopyga saturata, Black-throated Sunbird, Hodgson, 1836, (LC)
 Purpurkronesolfugl, Aethopyga gouldiae, Gould's Sunbird, Vigors, 1831, (LC)
 Grønhalesolfugl, Aethopyga nipalensis, Green-tailed Sunbird, Hodgson, 1836, (LC)
 Prydsolfugl, Aethopyga shelleyi, Lovely Sunbird, Sharpe, 1876, (LC)
 Skarlakssolfugl, Aethopyga temminckii, Temminck's Sunbird, Müller, S, 1843, (LC)
 Javasolfugl, Aethopyga mystacalis, Javan Sunbird, Temminck, 1822, (LC)
 Raudsolfugl, Aethopyga vigorsii, Vigors's Sunbird, Sykes, 1832, (LC)
 Karminsolfugl, Aethopyga siparaja, Crimson Sunbird, Raffles, 1822, (LC)
 Visaysolfugl, Aethopyga magnifica, Magnificent Sunbird, Sharpe, 1876, (LC)
 Gaffelsolfugl, Aethopyga christinae, Fork-tailed Sunbird, Swinhoe, 1869, (LC)
 Brudesolfugl, Aethopyga bella, Handsome Sun﻿bird, Tweeddale, 1877, (LC)
 Kvitflankesolfugl, Aethopyga eximia, White-flanked Sunbird, Horsfield, 1821, (LC)
 Gnistsolfugl, Aethopyga flagrans, Flaming Sunbird, Oustalet, 1876, (LC)
 Maronnakkesolfugl, Aethopyga guimarasensis, Maroon-naped Sunbird, Steere, 1890, (LC)
 Grønknokesolfugl, Aethopyga pulcherrima, Metallic-winged Sunbird, Sharpe, 1876, (LC)
 Grønvengsolfugl, Aethopyga jefferyi, Mountain Sunbird, Ogilvie-Grant, 1894
 Boholsolfugl, Aethopyga decorosa, Bohol Sunbird, McGregor, 1907
 Beryllpannesolfugl, Aethopyga linaraborae, Lina's Sunbird, Kennedy, Gonzales & Miranda, 1997, (NT)
 Gråhettesolfugl, Aethopyga primigenia, Gray-hooded Sunbird, Hachisuka, 1941, (NT)
 Grønpannesolfugl, Aethopyga boltoni, Apo Sunbird, Mearns, 1905, (NT)
 Tbolisolfugl, Aethopyga tibolii, Tboli Sunbird

Slekt Arachnothera
 Tjukknebbedderkoppjeger, Arachnothera crassirostris, Thick-billed Spiderhunter, Reichenbach, 1853, (LC)
 Langnebbedderkoppjeger, Arachnothera robusta, Long-billed Spiderhunter, Müller, S & Schlegel, 1844, (LC)
 Eldduskedderkoppjeger, Arachnothera flammifera, Orange-tufted Spiderhunter, Tweeddale, 1878, (LC)
 Bleikedderkoppjeger, Arachnothera dilutior, Pale Spiderhunter, Sharpe, 1876, (LC)
 Dvergedderkoppjeger, Arachnothera longirostra, Little Spiderhunter, Latham, 1790, (LC)
 Purpurnakkeedderkoppjeger, Arachnothera hypogrammicum, Purple-naped Spiderhunter, Müller, 1843 , (LC)
 Gulgumpedderkoppjeger, Arachnothera juliae, Whitehead's Spiderhunter, Sharpe, 1887, (LC)
 Nakenkinnedderkoppjeger, Arachnothera clarae, Naked-faced Spiderhunter, Blasius, W, 1890, (LC)
 Gulkinnedderkoppjeger, Arachnothera chrysogenys, Yellow-eared Spiderhunter, Temminck, 1826, (LC)
 Brilleedderkoppjeger, Arachnothera flavigaster, Spectacled Spiderhunter, Eyton, 1839, (LC)
 Stripeedderkoppjeger, Arachnothera magna, Streaked Spiderhunter, Hodgson, 1836, (LC)
 Sundaedderkoppjeger, Arachnothera affinis, Streaky-breasted Spiderhunter, Horsfield, 1821, (LC)
 Gråedderkoppjeger, Arachnothera modesta, Gray-breasted Spiderhunter, Eyton, 1839, (LC)
 Borneoedderkoppjeger, Arachnothera everetti, Bornean Spiderhunter, Sharpe, 1893, (LC)

 Kjelder 
 Denne artikkelen bygger på «Sunbird» frå , den 16. august 2009
 Referansar 

 Bakgrunnsstoff 
 Videoar med solfuglar hos Internet Bird Collection