चतुर्महाराज

बुद्ध धर्मया मिथकय् चतुर्महाराज वा ४म्ह जुजु हलिमया प्यंगु दिशाय् रक्षा याइपिं प्यम्ह द्यः ख।  

नामाकरण
जुजुतयेगु मंका नां थ्व कथं दु-
भाषाच्वैगु रुपरोमन लिपिदेवनागरीअर्थसंस्कृतचतुर्महाराजcaturmahārājaचतुर्महाराज४म्ह जुजुलोकपालहलिमया रक्षक बर्मामि भाषासतु लोकपाल, सतु महारित नात (?) ४म्ह लोकिक पालक ४म्ह महान जुजु चिनिया भाषा 天王 Tiānwángतियानवाङ आलौकिक जुजु 四天王 Sì Tiānwáng सि तियान्वाङ ४म्ह आलौकिक जुजु 四大天王 Sì Da Tiānwáng सि दा तियाङवाङ ४म्ह महान आलौकिक जुजु कोरियन भाषा 천왕 Cheonwang चेओनवाङ आलौकिक जुजु 사천왕 Sacheonwang साचेओनवाङ ४म्ह आलौकिक जुजु  사대천왕 Sadae Cheonwang सादेइ चेओङवाङ ४म्ह आलौकिक जुजु जापानी भाषा 四天王शितेन्नोShitennō ४म्ह आलौकिक जुजु भियतनामी भाषा 四天王Tứ Thiên Vươngतु थियन भुओङ ४म्ह आलौकिक जुजुसँदेय् भाषाrgyal chen bzhiर्ग्याल चेन ब्झि ४म्ह महान जुजु मङ्गोल भाषाМахаранзmaharanjaमहारान्जा (४म्ह) महान जुजुथाइ भाषा จาตุมหาราชา chatumaharaja चतुमहाराजा ४म्ह महान जुजु  จาตุโลกบาล chatulokkaban चयुलोक्कवन ४म्ह लोकपाल

४म्ह आलौकिक जुजु 
The Four Heavenly Kings are said to currently live in the Cāturmahārājika heaven (Pāli Cātummahārājika, "Of the Four Great Kings") on the lower slopes of Mount Sumeru, which is the lowest of the six worlds of the devas of the Kāmadhātu.  They are the protectors of the world and fighters of evil, each able to command a legion of supernatural creatures to protect the Dharma. 

संस्कृत वैश्रवण (कुबेर)विरूढकधृतराष्ट्रविरूपाक्षपाळिवेस्सवण (कुवेर)विरूळ्हकधतरट्ठविरूपक्खअर्थसकल न्यनिम्ह तःधनिम्ह राष्ट्र रक्षा याइम्हसकल खनिम्ह प्रगतिया पालक बुंया अवलोकक बर्मेली भाषापरम्परागत चिनियाअःपु चिनियाहान्यु पिन्यिनहानगुलकोरियामि लिपि रोमनकृतकान्जी ()हेपबर्न रोमनिकरण ()फिलिपिनो भाषाBathalaLakambakodLakampatiAmansinayaचिनिया भियतनामीĐa Văn ThiênTăng Trưởng ThiênTrì Quốc ThiênQuảng Mộc Thiênसँदेय् भाषा रोमनीकृतrnam.thos.sras (Namthöse)phags.skyes.po (Phakyepo)'yul.'khor.srung (Yülkhorsung)spyan.mi.bzang (Chenmizang)थाइท้าวกุเวรท้าววิรุฬหกท้าวธตรัฐท้าววิรูปักษ์เวสวัณ,เวสสุวัณ,เวสสุวรรณरोमनीकृत थाइThao KuwenThao VirunhokThao ThatarotThao Virupakभेस्सभानरङ्गम्हासुह्यांउवांगुतुयुचिंकुसाखड्गPipaबिMongooseप्यागोडास्तुपमोतिभक्तयक्षकुम्भन्दगन्धर्वनागदिशायंतायेतावंतायोता

Further associations between the four directions and elements, seasons, planets, animals, internal organs, etc. can be found at Five elements (Chinese philosophy).  Note, however, that the colors assigned to the Four Heavenly Kings represent an independent tradition and do not correspond to the traditional Chinese association of colors and directions.

All four serve , the lord of the devas of . On the 8th, 14th and 15th days of each lunar month, the Four Heavenly Kings either send out messengers or go themselves to see how virtue and morality are faring in the world of men. Then they report upon the state of affairs to the assembly of the  devas.  

On the orders of Śakra, the four kings and their retinues stand guard to protect  from another attack by the Asuras, which once threatened to destroy the kingdom of the devas. They are also vowed to protect the Buddha, the Dharma, and the Buddha's followers from danger. 


According to Vasubandhu, devas born in the Cāturmahārājika heaven are 1/4 of a krośa in height (about 750 feet tall). They also have a five-hundred year lifespan, of which each day is equivalent to 50 years in our world; thus their total lifespan amounts to about nine million years (other sources say 90,000 years). 


In Chinese they are known collectively as "Fēng Tiáo Yǔ Shùn" (風調雨順 / 风调雨顺), which translates into "Good Climate".  This mnemonic reminds one of the symbols the Heavenly Kings carry.  For instance, "Fēng" sounds like the Chinese word for "edge" (鋒 / 锋), hence the corresponding symbol is a sword. "Tiáo" sounds like "Tune", hence the corresponding symbol is a musical instrument. "Yǔ" means "rain", hence the corresponding symbol is an umbrella.  "Shùn" refers to the symbol of a crimson dragon (赤龍 / 赤龙).

These symbols also link the deities to their followers; for instance, the nāgas, magical creatures who can change form between human and serpent, are led by , represented by a snake; the gandharvas are celestial musicians, led by , represented with a lute.  The umbrella was a symbol of regal sovereignty in ancient India, and the sword is a symbol of martial prowess.  's mongoose, which ejects jewels from its mouth, is said to represent generosity in opposition to greed.

Tamon-ten
(north)Kōmoku-ten
(west)Heavenly Kings(Japanese)Jikoku-ten
(east)Zōjō-ten
(south)

स्वयादिसँ
 Guardians of the directions

लिधंसा
 Chaudhuri, Saroj Kumar. Hindu Gods and Goddesses in Japan. New Delhi: Vedams eBooks (P) Ltd., 2003. ISBN 8179360091.
 Nakamura, Hajime. Japan and Indian Asia: Their Cultural Relations in the Past and Present. Calcutta: Firma K.L. Mukhopadhyay, 1961. Pp. 1–31.
 Potter, Karl H., ed. The Encyclopedia of Indian Philosophies, volume 9. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1970–. ISBN 8120819683, ISBN 8120803078 (set).
 Thakur, Upendra. India and Japan: A Study in Interaction During 5th cent.–14th cent. A.D.. New Delhi: Abhinav Publications, 1992. ISBN 8170172896. Pp. 27–41.

पुचः:बुद्ध धर्म
पुचः:लोकपाल