ग्रीक भाषा

ग्रीक भाषा ( छगू इण्डो-युरोपियन भाषा ख। थ्व भाषा करीब १.५-२.२ कोटी मनुतेसं ल्हाइ। आपालं थ्व भाषा युनान व साइप्रसय् छ्येलि तर अल्पमतीय कतहं हलिमया यक्व थासय् युनानी आप्रवासीतेसं छ्येलिगु या। 

युनानी भाषा युनानय् युनानी लिपिइ ९गु शताब्दी निसें च्वैगु या, थ्व स्वया न्ह्यः थ्व भाषा लिनियर बी(१५-१३ इ पू)इ च्वैगु या। साइप्रसय् धाःसा थ्व भाषा ४गु शताब्दी ई पू निसें थ्व लिपि छ्येलाहःगु खनेद् दु, थ्व स्वया न्ह्यः साइप्रसय् साइप्रियट सिलेबरीइ थ्व भाषा च्वैगु या।  युनानी साहित्यय् करिब ३०००दं निसें साहित्यिक ज्या जुयाच्वंगु खने दु।

 लिपि 
ग्रीक भाषा ग्रीक लिपिइ च्वयेगु जुइ। थ्व लिपिइ थ्व भाय् ९ शताब्दी ईपू निसें च्वःगु दसु दु। शास्त्रीय ग्रीक भासय् शास्त्रीय ल्यातिन भासय् थें हे अपरकेस आखः जक दयाच्वन। लोवरकेस ग्रीक आखः लिपा मध्यकालीन लेखनदासतेसं याकनं च्वयेत दयेकूगु ख। नापं, शिलालेखय् थ्वाना च्वयेगु हिलाः भ्वंतय् मसी व क्विलं च्वयेगु चलन वःबिले कर्सिभ लिपिया विकास जुल, गुकिलिं भ्वंतय् याकनं च्वयेत ग्वहालि यात। थौं छ्यलीगु लिलि लिपांगु आयोनियन भाषिका, गुकियात दक्षिणएसियाय् यवन नं धाइ, या च्वयेगु पहः ख। थ्व प्राचीन एतिक भाषिक च्वयेत ४०३इपू निसें छ्यलातःगु खनेदु।  

आधुनिक ग्रीक वर्णमालाय् २४ग्व आखः दु, सकल आखःया क्यापितल (majuscule) व लोवरकेस (minuscule) आखः दु। सिग्मा आखःया छग्वः मेगु लोवरकेस रुप (ς) अन्तिम थासय् छ्यलीगु या। 

 Majuscule formΑΒΓΔΕΖΗΘΙΚΛΜΝΞΟΠΡΣΤΥΦΧΨΩ Minuscule formαβγδεζηθικλμνξοπρστυφχψω

In addition to the letters, the Greek alphabet also features a number of diacritical signs: three different accent marks (acute, grave and circumflex), originally denoting different shapes of pitch accent on the stressed vowel; the so-called breathing marks (spiritus asper and spiritus lenis), originally used to signal presence or absence of word-initial /h/; and the diaeresis, used to mark full syllabic value of a vowel that would otherwise be read as part of a diphthong. These marks were introduced during the course of the Hellenistic period. Actual usage of the grave in handwriting had seen a rapid decline in favor of uniform usage of the acute during the late 20th century, and it had only been retained in typography.

In the writing reform of 1982, the use of most of them was abolished from official use in Greece. Since then, Modern Greek has been written mostly in the simplified monotonic orthography (or monotonic system), which employs only the acute accent and the diaeresis. The traditional system, now called the polytonic orthography (or polytonic system), is still used internationally for the writing of Ancient Greek.

 भैगोलिक विस्तार
आधुनिक ग्रीक भाय् करिब १ कोटी ४० लख मनुतेसं मू कथं ग्रीस व साइप्रसय् ल्हाइ। नापं जःलाखःला देय् अल्बानिया, पूर्व युगोस्लाभ गणराज्य म्यासेडोनिया, बुल्गेरिया व टर्की नापं रुस, जर्जिया, आर्मेनिया व अजरबैजान) व भूमध्यसागरया आसपास (दक्षिणी इटली, इजरायल, इजरायल, मिस्र व लेभान्तय् ल्हाइगु या। थ्व भाय् पश्चिमी युरोप, उत्तर अमेरिका, अस्ट्रेलिया, नापं अर्जेन्टिना, ब्राजिल व मेमेगु देय् या यक्व देय् या आप्रवासी समुदायतेसं नं ल्हाइ।

 आधिकारिक अवस्था 
ग्रीक भाय् ग्रीसया आधिकारिक भाय् ख गन थ्व भाय् करिब ९९.५% मनुतेसं ल्हाइ। थ्व भाय् तर्किश नापं साइप्रसया आधिकारिक भाय् ख।The Constitution of Cyprus, App. D., Part 1, Art. 3 states that The official languages of the Republic are Greek and Turkish. . However, the official status of Turkish is only nominal in the Greek-dominated Republic of Cyprus; in practice, outside Turkish-dominated Northern Cyprus, Turkish is little used; see A. Arvaniti (2006): Erasure as a a means of maintaining diglossia in Cyprus, San Diego Linguistics Papers 2: 25-38. Page  27. युरोपेली संघय् ग्रीस व साइप्रसया सदस्यता दुगुलिं ग्रीक भाय् युरोपेली संघया छगू आधिकारिक भाषा ख। ग्रीक भाय् यात टर्की, इटाली व अल्बानियाया छुं भागय् अल्पसंख्यक भाय् या रुपय् आधिकारिक रुपं मान्यता बियातःगु दु।

 स्वयादिसँ 
 प्राचीन ग्रीस
 ग्रीक साहित्य

 लिधंसा 

 Herbert Weir Smyth, Greek Grammar, Harvard University Press, 1956 (revised edition), ISBN 0-674-36250-0. The standard grammar of classical Greek. Focuses primarily on the Attic dialect, with comparatively weak treatment of the other dialects and the Homeric .
 W. Sidney Allen, Vox Graeca - a guide to the pronunciation of classical Greek. Cambridge University Press, 1968-74. ISBN 0-521-20626-X
 Geoffrey Horrocks, Greek: A History of the Language and Its Speakers (Longman Linguistics Library). Addison Wesley Publishing Company, 1997. ISBN 0-582-30709-0. From Mycenean to modern.
 Andrew Sihler, "A New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin", Oxford University Press, 1996. An historical grammar of ancient Greek from its Indo-European origins. Some eccentricities and no bibliography but a useful handbook to the earliest stages of Greek's development.
 Robert Browning, Medieval and Modern Greek, Cambridge University Press, 2nd edition 1983, ISBN 0-521-29978-0. An excellent and concise historical account of the development of modern Greek from the ancient language.
 Brian Newton, The Generative Interpretation of Dialect: A Study of Modern Greek Phonology, Cambridge University Press, 1972, ISBN 0-521-08497-0.
 Crosby and Schaeffer, An Introduction to Greek, Allyn and Bacon, Inc. 1928. A school grammar of ancient Greek
 David Holton et al., Greek: A Comprehensive Grammar of the Modern Language, Routledge, 1997, ISBN 0-415-10002-X. A reference grammar of modern Greek.
 Dionysius of Thrace, "Art of Grammar", "", c.100 BC

 पिनेया स्वापू 
 General background 

 Greek Language, Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia.
 The Perseus Project has many useful pages for the study of classical languages and literatures, including dictionaries.
 The Greek Language and Linguistics Gateway, useful information on the history of the Greek language, application of modern Linguistics to the study of Greek, and tools for learning Greek.
 The Greek Language Portal, a portal for Greek language and linguistic education.

 Language learning 

 Greek dictionary, tutorial and hangman program with texteditor, this shareware program is aimed at learning New Testament Greek.
  komvos.edu.gr, a website for the support of people who are being taught the Greek language.
 Greek spell checker
 Modern Greek Course, a website with sound and many features for learning Modern Greek.

 Dictionaries 

 Woodhouse English-Greek dictionary, scanned images from S.C. Woodhouse's 1910 dictionary.
 Greek Lexical Aids, descriptions of both online lexica (with appropriate links) and Greek Lexica in Print.
 The Greek Language Portal, dictionaries of all forms of Greek (Ancient, Hellenistic, Medieval, Modern).
 Online Greek-English and English-Greek dictionary (Modern Greek)
 Online Greek <-> English Dictionary with gender and type of words

 Literature 
 The Treasure of the Greek Language, a large collection of e-books from all stages of Greek language.
 Research lab of modern Greek philosophy, a large e-library of modern Greek texts/books.
  Center for Neo-Hellenic Studies, a non-profit organization set in order to promote Modern Greek Literature and Culture.
 Books in Greek, an extended list of searchable bibliographic information.  That is accurate.

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