ध्वजावाहक

ध्वजा वाहक भनेको एयरलाइन वा ढुवानी कम्पनी जस्ता यातायात कम्पनी हो, जुन स्थानीय रूपमा सार्वभौम राज्यमा दर्ता भएको हुन्छ र, सरकारले अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय सञ्चालनका लागि प्रदान गरेको अधिमान्य अधिकार वा विशेषाधिकारहरू प्राप्त गर्दछ।

ऐतिहासिक रूपमा, यो शब्दावली  कुनै पनि देशको सरकारको स्वामित्वमा रहेको र त्यो देशको राष्ट्रिय पहिचानसँग सम्बन्धित एयरलाइन्सलाई जनाउन प्रयोग गरिन्थ्यो।  यस्तो एयरलाइनलाई राष्ट्रिय वायुसेवा वा राष्ट्रिय वाहकको रूपमा पनि चिनिन्छ, यद्यपि केही देशहरूमा यसको फरक कानूनी अर्थ हुन सक्छ। आजको समयमा, ध्वजावाहक भनेको गृह देशसँग बलियो सम्बन्ध भएको वा जसले आफ्नो गृह देशलाई अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय रूपमा प्रतिनिधित्व गर्ने कुनै पनि अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय एयरलाइन हो , चाहे त्यो सरकारी स्वामित्वको होस् वा नहोस्।  

 पृष्ठभूमि 
"ध्वजा वाहक" शब्द त्यो समयको लिगेसी हो जतिबेला देशहरूले राज्यको  स्वामित्वका एयरलाइन कम्पनीहरू स्थापना गर्थे। एयरलाइन्स स्थापना र सञ्चालनको लागि उच्च पूँजी लागतका कारण त्यतिबेला  सरकारले एयरलाइन्स कम्पनी स्थापना नेतृत्व लिन्थे। यद्यपि, त्यस्ता सबै एयरलाइन्स सरकारी स्वामित्वका थिएनन्; प्यान एम, TWA, क्याथे प्यासिफिक, Union de Transports Aériens, Canadian Pacific Airlines र Olympic Airlines सबै निजी स्वामित्वमा थिए। यी मध्ये अधिकांशलाई ध्वजा वाहक मानिन्थ्यो  किनकि तिनीहरू "मुख्य राष्ट्रिय वायुसेवा"  थिए र प्रायः विदेशमा उनीहरूको देशको उपस्थितिको संकेत थियो।  

 ध्वजा बाहक एयरलाइन्सहरूको सूची 
तलको चार्टमा केही हालको वा भूतपूर्व राज्यको स्वामित्व वा राष्ट्रिय एयरलाइन्सहरूलाई प्रस्तुत गर्दछा।

 देश वा क्षेत्र वायुसेवा राष्ट्रिय स्वामित्वको विवरण पहिलेको स्वामित्व   Ariana Afghan Airlines  State-owned    Air Albania     Air Algérie  State-owned    TAAG Angola Airlines Majority    Aerolíneas Argentinas  State-owned    Fly Arna     Aruba Airlines  None     Qantas  None  State-owned until 1992.   Austrian Airlines None – owned by Lufthansa  State-owned until 5 December 2008.        Bahamasair  State-owned    गल्फ एयर State-owned    विमान बङ्गलादेश एअरलाइन्स  Public limited company  State-owned until 23 July 2007.   Belavia  State-owned    Brussels Airlines  None – owned by Lufthansa  State-owned in its original incarnation ()   Druk Air  None    Boliviana de Aviación  State-owned    Air Botswana  State-owned    Royal Brunei Airlines  State-owned    Bulgaria Air  Minority State-owned (0.01%)    Air Burkina State-owned   Cambodia Angkor Air  Majority (51%)    Camair-Co State-owned   Air Canada  Minority state-owned by the Government of Canada (Estimated 6.4%) State-owned until privatization in 1989.   TACV     Cayman Airways  State-owned     LATAM Chile  None  State-owned until September 1989.   एयर चाइना  Majority (51.7%): 40.98% through CNAHC and 10.72% through CNACG State-owned until 2004.   Avianca  None    Avianca Costa Rica     Croatia Airlines  Majority (98%)    Cubana de Aviación  State-owned    Cyprus Airways None  - 40% owned by Malta-based SJC Group    Czech Airlines  None    Congo Airways  State-owned      Joint venture      Air Djibouti  Joint venture    Egyptair  State-owned   CEIBA Intercontinental     Eritrean Airlines  State-owned    Nordica  State-owned     Ethiopian Airlines  State-owned    Atlantic Airways     Fiji Airways Majority (51%)    Finnair  Majority (55.8%)    Air France Minority (18% share)    Air Tahiti Nui  Majority    Georgian Airways  None    Lufthansa  Minority (20.05%) in the parent company since 2020 due to near-insolvency as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic   State-owned until 1994; remaining government shares were sold in 1997.   Aegean Airlines     Air Greenland     Aurigny  State-owned   Caribbean Airlines  None    Minority (16%)    Majority (84%)    Cathay Pacific  Minority (6.08% by Hong Kong Government) + 28.17% through Air China Limited   Icelandair  None - owned by Icelandair Group   एअर इन्डिया  None - owned by Tata GroupState-owned until November 2021    Garuda Indonesia Majority (60.536%)State-owned until February 2011.   Iran Air  State-owned    Iraqi Airways     Aer Lingus  None – owned by International Airlines Group  State-owned until September 2006.   El Al  Minority (~1.1%)  State-owned until June 2004.   ITA Airwayshttps://www.itaspa.com/content/itaspa/itaspa-pl/it/homepage.html   State-owned, succeeded Alitalia starting from 15 October 2021     Air Côte d'Ivoire  Minority (49%)    Japan Airlines  None  State-owned until 1987.   Royal Jordanian     Air Astana  Majority (51%)    Kenya Airways  Minority (29.8%)    Air Kiribati     Kuwait Airways  State-owned   Lao Airlines  State-owned    airBaltic  Majority (80.05%)    Middle East Airlines  Majority (99%)  Afriqiyah Airways  State-owned  Libyan Airlines  State-owned    Luxair Majority (73.86%)    Air Macau Minority (5%)    Air Madagascar  Majority    Malawi Airlines  Majority (51%)    मलेसिया एअरलाइन्स State-owned through Khazanah Nasional    Maldivian     Air Malta Majority    Mauritania Airlines     Air Mauritius       Aeroméxico  None  State-owned until 2007.   Air Moldova     MIAT Mongolian Airlines  State-owned Air MontenegroState-owned   Royal Air Maroc State-owned      State-owned    Myanmar National Airlines  State-owned    Nauru Airlines State-owned    नेपाल एयरलाइन्स  State-owned    KLM Minority (14%)    Aircalin  Majority (99%)     Air New ZealandMajority (53%) State-owned until 1989, partially re-nationalized in 2001.     Air Koryo  State-owned    Oman Air  Majority     State-owned    Copa Airlines  None    Air Niugini     LATAM Paraguay    LATAM Perú  Philippine Airlines     LOT Polish Airlines  State-owned    TAP Air Portugal  Majority (72%)     कतार एयरवेज  State-owned    Air Austral     TAROM  Majority (95%)    Aeroflot  Majority (51%)    RwandAir State-owned   SVG Air     Samoa Airways  State-owned    STP Airways  None    Saudia  Majority    Air Senegal     Air Serbia Majority (51%)    Air Seychelles  State-owned (100%)   Solomon Airlines  State-owned (100%)    Singapore Airlines  Majority (54.5% through Temasek Holdings)    South African Airways  State-owned    Korean Air  None – owned by Hanjin State-owned until 1969.https://www.koreanair.com/mobile/global/ko-backup/about/who-we-are2/history-awards.html https://kr.img.news.koreanair.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/%EC%98%81%EB%AC%B8-%ED%99%94%EB%B3%B4-1.pdf    Iberia None – owned by International Airlines Group   SriLankan Airlines  State-owned    Sudan Airways  State-owned    Surinam Airways  State-owned    Swiss International Air Lines  None – owned by Lufthansa    Syrian Air  State-owned    China Airlines  Majority  State-owned until 1991. 51.28% held by non-profit Civic Aviation Development Foundation.   Air Tanzania  State-owned    थाइ एयरवेज  Minority (47.86%)    Tunisair  Majority    टर्किस एअरलाइन्स  Minority (49%)    Turkmenistan Airlines State-owned    Uganda Airlines           इतिहाद एयरवेज   State-owned by the Government of Abu Dhabi  Emirates  State-owned by the Government of Dubai through the Investment Corporation of Dubai.    British Airways  None – owned by International Airlines Group State-owned until 1987.   Uzbekistan Airways  Majority    Conviasa     Vietnam Airlines Majority (86.2%)   Air Vanuatu     Yemenia  Majority    Air Zimbabwe  State-owned  

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