Postijiet Sagri tal-Bahá'i

Il-Postijiet Sagri tal-Baháʼí huma binjiet li jagħmlu parti miċ-Ċentru Dinji tal-Baháʼí f'Iżrael li huwa magħmul minn postijiet sagri li jintużaw għall-pellegrinaġġi kif ukoll binjiet tal-korpi amministrattivi internazzjonali tal-fidi tal-Baháʼí. Dawn jinkludu iktar minn 20 uffiċċju amministrattiv, binjiet għall-pellegrini, libreriji, arkivji, residenzi storiċi u santwarji differenti. Dawn l-istrutturi jinsabu kollha qalb iktar minn 30 ġnien jew art imtarrġa differenti.

Il-binjiet jinsabu f'Haifa, f'Acre u f'Bahjí, Iżrael. Il-pożizzjoni tal-postijiet sagri tal-Baháʼí oriġinat mit-tfigħ il-ħabs ta' Baháʼu'lláh f'Acre, qrib Haifa, mill-Imperu Ottoman matul it-tmexxija Ottomana fil-Palestina, issa Iżrael.

Bosta postijiet sagri tal-Baháʼí f'Haifa u madwar Acre, inkluż l-artijiet imtarrġa u s-Santwarju tal-Báb fix-xaqliba tat-Tramuntana tal-Għolja tal-Karmnu, u s-Santwarju ta' Baháʼu'lláh, il-Villa ta' Bahji, u l-Villa ta' Mazra'ih tniżżlu fil-lista tas-Siti ta' Wirt Dinji tal-UNESCO f'Lulju 2008. Is-santwarji tal-Baháʼí "huma l-ewwel siti marbuta ma' tradizzjoni reliġjuża relattivament ġdida li ġew rikonoxxuti fil-lista tas-Siti ta' Wirt Dinji tal-UNESCO". Il-Kumitat tal-Wirt Dinji tal-UNESCO jqis li s-siti huma "ta' valur universali straordinarju [u]...tniżżlu għax jixhdu t-tradizzjoni qawwija tal-pellegrinaġġi tal-Baháʼí u t-tifsira profonda tagħhom għall-fidi."

 Haifa 
Haifa hija t-tielet l-ikbar belt f'Iżrael, u hija port marittimu. Tinsab taħt u fuq l-Għolja tal-Karmnu, tul il-kosta tal-Mediterran. Fl-1891 Baháʼu'lláh innifsu ddeżinja l-Għolja tal-Karmnu bħala l-post għas-Santwarju tal-Báb. Iktar 'il quddiem, Baháʼu'lláh fit-Tavla tal-Karmnu kiteb li l-Għolja tal-Karmnu kellha tkun il-post fiżiku għaċ-Ċentru Dinji tal-Baháʼí.

 Santwarju tal-Báb 
Is-Santwarju tal-Báb fih il-fdalijiet midfuna tal-Báb. Il-pożizzjoni tas-sit ġiet iddeżinjata minn Baháʼu'lláh innifsu fl-1891 meta kien qed jikkampja ma' ʻAbdu'l-Bahá fuq l-Għolja tal-Karmnu. Jinsab eżatt fuq il-Kolonja Ġermaniża, li ġiet stabbilita fis-snin 60 tas-seklu 19 mis-Soċjetà Ġermaniża tat-Tempji, li kienu meqjusa li kienu jaħdmu għar-Renju ta' Alla fuq l-art. Is-santwarju inizjali nbena minn ʻAbdu'l-Bahá u tlesta fl-1909. Bosta snin wara, is-sovrastruttura tlestiet minn Shoghi Effendi, u finalment ġiet iddedikata fl-1953.

L-arkitett tas-santwarju kien William Sutherland Maxwell, Baháʼí Kanadiż li kien arkitett tal-Belle Arti u l-missier tar-rispett ta' Shoghi Effendi. Shoghi Effendi pprovda gwida kumplessiva, inkluż fl-użu ta' stili tal-Punent u tal-Lvant, iżda ħalla d-dettalji artistiċi f'idejn Maxwell. Id-disinn ta' Maxwell tal-kolonni tal-granit ta' Rose Baveno, tal-ħnejjiet tal-ġebel bi stil Orjentali ta' Chiampo u tal-koppla lewn id-deheb kien maħsub biex jarmonizza l-proporzjonijiet u l-istil tal-Lvant u tal-Punent. Xi aspetti oħra tal-inġinerija strutturali tal-koppla ġew iddisinjati mill-Professur H. Neumann tal-Università ta' Technion ta' Haifa.

Wara li Maxwell miet fl-1952, Leroy Ioas, Baháʼí Amerikan li kien assoċjat mill-qrib mal-kostruzzjoni tat-Tempju tal-Qima tal-Baháʼí f'Wilmette, Illinois, għen lil Shoghi Effendi fil-proċess tal-kostruzzjoni. Ioas użda l-ħiliet amministrattivi u l-moħħ prattiku tiegħu biex jissorvelja l-bini tat-tanbur u tal-koppla tal-istruttura, kompitu li twettaq mingħajr id-disponibbiltà ta' makkinarju sofistikat.

 Santwarju Temporanju ta' ʻAbdu'l-Bahá 
Is-Santwarju ta' ʻAbdu'l-Bahá fih il-fdalijiet midfuna ta' ʻAbdu'l-Bahá.

 L-Ark 
L-Ark huwa raggruppament ta' binjiet amministrattivi max-xaqlibiet tal-Għolja tal-Karmnu. Dawn jinkludu s-Sede tad-Dar Universali tal-Ġustizzja, is-Sede taċ-Ċentru Internazzjonali tat-Tagħlim, l-Arkivji Internazzjonali, u ċ-Ċentru għall-Istudju tat-Testi Sagri. Il-ħames binja, il-Librerija Internazzjonali tal-Baháʼí għadha trid tinbena.

Baháʼu'lláh fit-Tavla tal-Karmnu tiegħu kiteb li Alla kien se "jbaħħar l-Arka Tiegħu" fuq l-Għolja tal-Karmnu u stqarr li l-għolja kienet se tkun "is-sede tat-tron Tiegħu". Din l-istqarrija ġiet interpretata minn Shoghi Effendi, il-kap tal-Fidi tal-Baháʼí matul l-ewwel nofs tas-seklu 20, bħallikieku tirreferi għall-istabbiliment tad-Dar Universali tal-Ġustizzja, il-korp li jirregola l-Baháʼí; b'rabta ma' dan l-istabbiliment, il-profezija kienet marbuta ma' għadd ta' istituzzjonijiet amministrattivi li ġew stabbiliti fuq l-Għolja tal-Karmnu. Shoghi Effendi ddeċieda li l-binjiet li kellhom jospitaw l-istituzzjonijiet jiġu ddisinjati f'għamla ta' ark u mdawra bil-ġonna. Il-fulkru tal-ark kellu jkun il-Ġonna Monumentali, bl-oqbra ta' wħud mill-membri tal-familja mqaddsa tal-Baháʼí.

Il-binjiet jinkludu xelters għal kontra l-bombi kif meħtieġ skont il-liġi kif ukoll passaġġ taħt l-art li jikkollega d-diversi binjiet.

 Arkivji Internazzjonali 
L-Arkivji Internazzjonali kienu l-ewwel binja li nbniet fl-Ark u fihom bosta mill-oġġetti l-iktar sagri għall-Fidi tal-Baháʼí, inkluż ix-xabla ta' Mullá Husayn, ir-ritratti ta' Baháʼu'lláh, u pittura tal-Báb.

Shoghi Effendi għażel il-Partenon bħala l-bażi għad-disinn, x'aktarx minħabba d-dehra sabiħa anke wara eluf ta' snin. Il-kapitelli tal-ħamsin kolonna kienu Joniċi minflok Doriċi. Il-binja tlestiet fl-1957, madankollu Shoghi Effendi laħaq miet qabel ma għammar il-binja minn ġewwa. Dan il-kompitu tħalla f'idejn il-mara tiegħu Rúhíyyih Khanum.

Fl-imgħoddi, it-tliet kmamar ta' wara tas-Santwarju tal-Báb u l-binja maġenb il-Ġonna Monumentali li issa msejħa d-Dipartiment tal-Postijiet Sagri, kienu binjiet temporanji għall-Arkivji.

 Sede tad-Dar Universali tal-Ġustizzja 
Is-Sede tad-Dar Universali tal-Ġustizzja hija binja kbira li tinsab f'Haifa, Iżrael, fejn topera d-Dar Universali tal-Ġustizzja. Din tinkludi s-sala fejn id-Dar Universali tal-Ġustizzja torganizza l-laqgħat tagħha kif ukoll sala ta' lqugħ, sala tal-banketti, librerija ta' referenza u ftit uffiċċji oħra taċ-Ċentru Dinji tal-Baháʼí.

Il-binja tinsab fil-quċċata tal-Ark u fiha 58 kolonna bil-kapitelli Korinzji madwarha biex tirrifletti d-disinn tal-Arkivji Internazzjonali. L-ippjanar tal-binja beda fl-1972, u fl-1973 intgħażel l-arkitett Hossein Amanat. Il-binja tlestiet fl-1982 matul it-tieni stadju tal-bini tal-Ark, u bdiet tiġi okkupata fl-1983.

 Binja taċ-Ċentru Internazzjonali tat-Tagħlim 
Il-Binja taċ-Ċentru Internazzjonali tat-Tagħlim inbniet fit-tielet stadju tal-bini tal-Ark u hija s-sede taċ-Ċentru Internazzjonali tat-Tagħlim. L-arkitett tal-binja kien Hossein Amanat. Il-kostruzzjonijiet tal-binja tħabbret fl-1987 u tlestiet fis-sena 2000.

 Ċentru għall-Istudju tat-Testi Sagri 
Iċ-Ċentru għall-Istudju tat-Testi Sagri nbena fit-tielet stadju tal-bini tal-Ark u huwa s-sede għall-istudjużi u għat-tradutturi li jistudjaw u jittraduċu t-testi tal-Baháʼí biex jassistu lid-Dar Universali tal-Ġustizzja. L-arkitett tal-binja kien Hossein Amanat u l-binja tlestiet fl-1999.

 Binja tal-Librerija Internazzjonali tal-Baháʼí 
The International Baháʼí Library Building, specified by Shoghi Effendi, is not yet built. The Baháʼí World Centre Library holds an extensive collection of Baháʼí literature. The Universal House of Justice stated: "In future decades its functions must grow, it will serve as an active centre for knowledge in all fields, and it will become the kernel of great institutions of scientific investigation and discovery."

 Ġonna Monumentali 
The Monument Gardens are a set of gardens that hold the graves of some of the members of the family of Baháʼu'lláh. The grave monuments are at the fulcrum of the arc of administrative buildings, located downhill from the seat of the Universal House of Justice. They were constructed by Shoghi Effendi between 1932 and 1939.

Graves include those of

 Ásíyih Khánum (Navváb; 1820 - 1886) — Baháʼu'lláh's first wife
 Bahíyyih Khánum (1846 - 1932) — Baháʼu'lláh's daughter
 Mirzá Mihdí (1848 - 1870) — Baháʼu'lláh's youngest son from his first wife
 Munirih Khánum (1847 - 1938) — ʻAbdu'l-Bahá's wife

 Ġonna mtarrġin 
The Terraces are 18+1 garden terraces accompanying the Shrine of the Báb on Mount Carmel, with nine located above the Shrine, one around it, and nine below it.

Nine concentric circles provide the main geometry of the eighteen terraces. Just as the identification of a circle presupposes a centre, so the terraces have been conceived as generated from the Shrine of the Báb. The eighteen terraces plus the one terrace of the Shrine of the Báb make nineteen terraces in total. Nineteen is a significant number within both the Baháʼí and Bábí religions.

 Ċentru tal-Viżitaturi 
The Visitors Centre is an underground structure on the 11th terrace behind the Shrine of the Báb on Mount Carmel.. It can be found on street level under the Hatzionut Bridge which the terraces pass over.

 Dar ta' ʻAbdu'l-Bahá 
'Abdu'l-Bahá, who was the head of the Baháʼí Faith from 1892 to 1921, designed and built a house in Haifa on 7 Haparsim (Persian) Street after his father Baháʼu'lláh died. It was completed in 1908, and ʻAbdu'l-Bahá moved to the house in August 1910. It became his official residence. After his travels to the West, it became the place for the reception of pilgrims to the Baháʼí World Centre. The election of the first Universal House of Justice occurred in this house in 1963.

 Djar tal-Pellegrini 
Pilgrim Houses signify buildings where pilgrims are (or were) greeted and housed during pilgrimage to the Baháʼí holy places. There have been numerous buildings dedicated as Baháʼí pilgrim houses in the Haifa area.

 Dar tal-Pellegrini Oriġinali tal-Punent 
The original Western Pilgrim House, located at 4 Haparsim (Persian) Street in Haifa, Israel, was used as a Pilgrim House for Baháʼís of Western origin, who had come for pilgrimage during the early years of the 20th century, before it was replaced by the new Western Pilgrim House on 10 Haparsim Street.

The house is currently part of the Baháʼí World Centre. While it was originally rented to serve as a Pilgrim House, the house was then bought by ʻAbdu'l-Bahá. After being replaced by a new Western Pilgrim House, the site was then used by members of the Baháʼí holy family. It left Baháʼí hands shortly before being re-bought by the Universal House of Justice.

 It-Tieni Dar tal-Pellegrini tal-Punent 
The second Western Pilgrim House, located at 10 Haparsim (lit. 'Persian') Street in Haifa, Israel, was used as a Pilgrim House for members of the Baháʼí Faith who had come for pilgrimage during the first half of the 20th century. It is currently part of the Baháʼí World Centre and used by the Baháʼí International Community Secretariat and related offices.

The house was originally paid for by William Harry Randall, a wealthy American Baháʼí, who felt the facilities of the previous Western Pilgrim House at 4 Haparsim were inadequate. Its construction was started under the instruction of ʻAbdu'l-Bahá, but was only completed during the time that Shoghi Effendi was the head of the Baháʼí Faith. Although it served originally as the Pilgrim House for western Baháʼís, it has been used for other purposes more recently:

 From 1951 to 1963 it housed the International Baháʼí Council;
 From 1963 to 1983 it served as the Seat of the Universal House of Justice;
 From 1983 to 2000 it was occupied by the International Teaching Centre.

 Dar tal-Pellegrini tal-Lvant 
The Eastern Pilgrim House or the "Haifa Pilgrim House" is a Pilgrim House for Baháʼís when they go on pilgrimage. The house was built after ʻAbdu'l-Bahá interred the remains of the Báb on Mount Carmel. The construction of this stone building was supervised by Mírzá Jaʼfar Rahmání of ʻIshqábád, who also paid all the expenses. It is known as the "Eastern Pilgrim House", as for decades it housed the Persian pilgrims. After 1951, when the Western Pilgrim House at 10 Haparsim Street became the seat of the International Baháʼí Council, it became the Pilgrim House for all pilgrims.

 Ċentru ta' Lqugħ tal-Pellegrini 
The Pilgrim Reception Centre or the "Haifa Pilgrim Reception Centre" was the old Pilgrim Reception Centre for pilgrimage to sites near the Baháʼí World Centre. It comprised two conjoined buildings of a historic medical clinic, that had been remodeled and opened in October 2000. While open, the building could serve up to 500 people on pilgrimage. It has now been replaced by a newer Pilgrim Reception Center situated near the Shrine of the Bàb.

 Qabar ta' Amatu'l-Bahá Rúhíyyih Khanum 
The Resting place of Amatu'l-Bahá Rúhíyyih Khanum is situated within Haifa, Israel as part of the Baháʼí World Centre. Originally bought to make sure that the area around the House of ʻAbdu'l-Bahá was not built up, and used as a garden, it was selected as the burial ground for Amatu'l-Bahá Rúhíyyih Khanum after she died in 2000.

 75 Triq Hatzionut 
75 Hatzionut Avenue is a building within Haifa which is part of the Baháʼí World Centre that is not particularly celebrated but has been an integral part of the centre for many years. Amongst other things it has been used for:

 A building where Shoghi Effendi oversaw the development of the Baháʼí gardens.
 An architect's office for the building of the Arc.
 As the International Archives building before the permanent building was finished in 1957.

It is currently used as the Baháʼí "Department of Holy Places".

 Sit ta' tempju futur 

 Model of proposed House of Worship on Mount Carmel
 Obelisk marking the position of the future Bahá'í House of Worship

A site has been selected for a Baháʼí House of Worship on Mount Carmel. About two thirds of the way from the terraces to the head of the mountain, land was purchased by Shoghi Effendi. In August 1971 the Universal House of Justice erected an obelisk on the site, on the side of which is the Greatest Name. The land is near the intersection of David Marcus St and Hatsav St.

 Żona ta' Akká 
Baháʼu'lláh, and his family, were exiled to the prison city of Akká, known in English as Acre, by the Ottoman Sultan Abdulaziz. Baháʼu'lláh arrived in Akká on 31 August 1868, and lived the rest of his life in the Akká area as a prisoner. His prison conditions were eased in June 1877 and while still a prisoner, he moved to Mazra'ih at that time. The Baháʼí buildings and property in Akká were rented or bought during this period of time.

 Dar ta' ʻAbbúd 
The House of ʻAbbúd refers actually to two houses:

 The westerly house owned originally by ʻAbbúd himself. It was the first property to be rented after Baháʼu'lláh's release from confinement into house arrest.
 The easterly house which was owned by ʻÚdí Khammár originally until he let it to the Baháʼí holy family after a few years. ʻÚdí Khammár also owned the Mansion of Bahjí which the Baháʼís later acquired.

The house provided a home for Baháʼu'lláh's first wife Navváb and her family. It was in this building that the Kitáb-i-Aqdas was written.

 Dar ta' ʻAbdu'lláh Páshá 
The House of ʻAbdu'lláh Páshá is one of the properties the Baháʼí holy family used in the Akká area. It was acquired by ʻAbdu'l-Bahá to fit the growing family and also provide space to welcome pilgrims who had started to arrive.

The name derives from the Egyptian governor, Ibrahim Pasha, who owned the house in the early decades of the 19th century.

The first western pilgrims were welcomed here on 10 December 1898.

 Ġnien ta' Ridván 
The Garden of Ridván (lit. garden of paradise) is a Baháʼí holy place situated just outside Acre. Originally known as the 'garden of Naʻmayn', it was rented by ʻAbdu'l-Bahá for Baháʼu'lláh where he enjoyed spending the later part of his life, after years in a desolate prison cell. Although it shares the same name, it does not have the same significance of the Garden of Ridván, Baghdad and no connection to the festival of Ridván.

During the 1930s and 1940s the island setting of the garden disappeared, as a result of a draining project against malaria. In 2010 a three-year restoration and conservation project of the garden and the original water canals surrounding it was completed, after which the Ridvan Garden, referred to by Baháʼu'lláh as 'Our Verdant Isle', became an island once again.

In 2019, in its annual Ridván message, the Universal House of Justice announced that the future Shrine of ʻAbdu'l-Bahá is to be constructed in the vicinity of the Garden of Ridván.

 Ċella tal-ħabs ta' Baháʼu'lláh 
The prison cell in which Baháʼu'lláh lived between 1868 and 1870 has now become a Baháʼí pilgrimage location. Its restoration was completed in June 2004.

 Bahjí 
Bahjí is a place near Akká (Acre), where Baháʼu'lláh spent his final years of life. While he was still formally a prisoner of the Ottoman Empire, his prison conditions were eased, and from 1879 he used the Mansion of Bahjí as his home.

Although the Mansion of Bahjí is relatively isolated, with only a small pilgrim house and the Shrine within several hundred metres, there used to be a complex of several buildings mostly used by the extended Holy family. During the time of Shoghi Effendi, these buildings (and the land around them which are now used as gardens) were bought up or traded for land near the Sea of Galilee. Several of the buildings were demolished as they had been used by covenant breakers. Tiles from the roofs were used to pave the garden pathways, and the material recovered from the razed buildings was used to construct a large windbreak to the northeast of the Mansion.

 Santwarju ta' Baháʼu'lláh 
Located in Bahjí, the Shrine of Baháʼu'lláh is the most holy place for Baháʼís — their Qiblih. It contains the remains of Baháʼu'lláh and is near the spot where he died in the Mansion of Bahjí.

 Villa ta' Bahjí 
The Mansion of Bahjí is the house where Baháʼu'lláh died in 1892. It was built in 1870 over an earlier, smaller building by ʻUdi Khammar, a wealthy merchant from Akká who was also the original owner of the House of ʻAbbúd. It remained in his family's hands until 1879, when an epidemic caused the inhabitants to flee. The mansion was subsequently rented to the Baháʼí holy family for a very small amount of money. ʻUdi Khammar's tomb is still within the main Mansion compound, on the southeast corner of the wall. The Mansion is now a Baháʼí pilgrimage site.

 Ċentru tal-Viżitaturi ta' Bahjí 
Located in Bahjí and near the Shrine of Baháʼu'lláh, the Bahjí Visitor Centre contains basic facilities used by visitors and Baháʼí pilgrims.

 Mazra'ih 
Located four miles (6 km) north of Acre in Mazra'a, Baháʼu'lláh used this country house during the summers from June 1877 until 1879, before moving to a larger house within Bahjí. It left Baháʼí hands for several decades and was slightly restructured with an annex added to the front. This meant that a staircase, previously on the outside is now within the house's walls. It originally belonged to ʻAbdu'lláh Páshá.

Mazra'ih was transferred from a Muslim waqf to the Baháʼís subsequent to the establishment of the state of Israel."Masra'ih is a Moslem religious endowment, and it is consequently impossible, under existing laws in this country, for it to be sold. However, as the friends are aware, the Ministry of Religions, due to the direct intervention of the Minister himself, Rabbi Maimon, consented, in the face of considerable opposition, to deliver Masra'ih to the Baha'is as a Holy Place to be visited by Baha'i pilgrims. This means that we rent it from the Department of Moslem and Druze affairs in the Ministry of Religions. The head of this Department is also a Rabbi, Dr. Hirschberg. Recently he, his wife and party, visited all the Baha'i properties in Haifa and 'Akka, following upon a very pleasant tea party in the Western Pilgrim House with the members of the International Baha'i Council." (Baháʼí News, no. 244, June 1951, p. 4)The mansion was ultimately purchased by the Baháʼís in 1973. An extensive restoration project of the house and the surrounding area is ongoing since 2020.

 Referenzi 

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