Simin Daneshvar

Simin DāneshvarSimin (سیمین) means "silvery, lustrous" or "fair", and dāneshvar (دانشور) is a combination of dānesh (دانش) "knowledge, science" and var (ور), a suffix indicative of one's profession or vocation, the combined form meaning "learned person, scholar". (bil-Persjan: سیمین دانشور ) (28 ta’ April 1921 – 8 ta’ Marzu 2012) kienet akkademika, rumanziera, kittieba tan-narrativa u traduttriċi Iranjana. 

Dāneshvar hija meqjusa minn ħafna bħala l-ewwel mara li kitbet ir-rumanzi fl-Iran. Il-kotba tagħha jitkellmu dwar il-ħajja tan-nies komuni Iranjani, b’mod speċjali dwar il-ħajja tan-nisa. Dāneshvar ippreżentat dawn l-istejjer fid-dawl tal-avvenimenti politiċi u soċjali li kienu qed iseħħu fl-Iran dak iż-żmien. Dāneshvar ingħatat il-mertu tal-ewwel kittieba f’diversi oqsma. Fl-1948, il-ġabra ta’ novelli Persjani bl-isem Savushun (“In-Newwieħa ta’ Siyâvash”, magħruf ukoll bħala A Persian Requiem, 1966), ġiet meqjusa bħala l-ewwel pubblikazzjoni minn mara Iranjana. Dan ix-xogħol għamel suċċess kbir fil-bejgħ. Daneshvar’s Playhouse, ġabra ta’ ħames stejjer u żewġ testi awtobijografiċi, huwa l-ewwel volum ta’ stejjer li ġew tradotti minnha. 

Dāneshvar kellha influwenza kbira fuq il-kitbiet tar-raġel tagħha Jalal al-Ahmad. Al-Ahmad u Dāneshvar ma kellhomx tfal.Daneshvar's Playhouse: A Collection of Stories - Fiction Books Translated from Persian From Iran. Archived 2007-07-02 at the Wayback Machine Hija kitbet il-ktieb The Dawn of Jalal bħala tifkira ta’ żewġha. Kienet ukoll traduttriċi famuża. Uħud mit-traduzzjonijiet tagħha huma The Cherry Orchard ta’ Anton Chekhov u The Scarlet Letter ta’ Nathaniel Hawthorne. It-triloġija li tibda bil-ktieb The Lost Island qatt ma ġiet kompluta għax l-aħħar ktieb baqa’ ma nstabx. 

 Xogħlijiet 
Dāneshvar kitbet dwar il-ħajja tan-nisa Iranjani b’ċertu sensibbilità.

SavushunIn the introduction to Savushun: A novel about modern Iran (Mage Publishers, Washington, D.C., 1991), one reads: "Savushun, the title of the novel, is a folk tradition, surviving in Southern Iran from an undatable pre-Islamic past, that conjures hope in spite of everything."The word Savushun (سووشون) is said to have its root in the word Sug-e Siyāvoshān (سوگ سياوشان), where sug (سوگ) means "lamentation" and Siyāvoshān, "pertaining to Siyāvosh" (or Siyāvash), a male character from Ferdowsi's Shahnameh who symbolises selflessness and innocence. Thus Sug-e Siyāvoshān is a lamentation in remembrance of the unjust killing of Siyāvosh. The writer of these lines has found a reference in Persian that presents a quotation from Xenophon's Cyropaedia indicating that Sug-e Siyāvoshān has its origin in a lamentation song that Cyrus the Great has sung for his slain Hyrcanian soldiers. This writer has however not been able to trace this quotation in the English translation of Xenophon's Cyropaedia. The last-mentioned Persian quotation is as follows:

"کورش از کشته شدن سربازان طبري و طالشي مغموم شد و براي مرگ سربازان مازندراني و طالشي سرودي خواند و اين همان سرودي است که در ادوار بعد در مراسم موسوم به 'مرگ سياوش' خوانده مي شد."

In the first part of the above sentence, reference is made to slain Tabari (i.e. Hyrcanian) and Talyshi soldiers, and in the second part, to slain Mazandarani and Talyshi soldiers. Further, this text explicitly refers to "Death of Siyāvosh" (مرگ سياوش). For completeness, Tabarestān is the earlier name of the present-day Māzandrān Province, although some Eastern regions of the old Tabarestān are at present parts of the present-day Khorasan Province., l-iktar xogħol li kiseb suċċess għal Dāneshvar, u li ġie ppubblikat fl-1969, jiddeskrivi l-ħajja tribali ta’ ġewwa u madwar Shiraz, raħal twelidha. Savushun huwa meqjus bħala wieħed mill-aktar rumanzi Persjani li ġġeneraw bejgħ, tant li ġie ppubblikat minn tal-inqas 16–il darba, u ġie tradott f’diversi lingwi. Dāneshvar tat il-kontribut tagħha wkoll fil-perjodiċi Sokhan u Alefba. 

Fl-1981, Dāneshvar lestiet il-monografija dwar Jalal Al-e Ahmad, Ghoroub-e Jalal (The Sunset of Jalal's Days). 

L-istejjer ta’ Dāneshvar jirriflettu iktar ir-realtà, milli l-fantasija, u jinkludu temi dwar il-ħtif tat-tfal, it-twelid, l-adulterju, iż-żwieġ, il-mard, il-mewt, it-tradiment politiku, il-profitt inġust, l-illitteriżmu, l-injoranza, il-faqar u s-solitudni. Dawn il-problemi soċjali tas-snin sittin u sebgħin, joffru immedjatezza u kredibbiltà lill-qarrej. Dāneshvar tispira ruħha min-nies ta’ madwarha. Fi kliemha stess: “in-nies komuni għandhom ħafna x’joffru. Iridu jkunu kapaċi jagħtu liberalment u b’moħħhom mistrieħ. Aħna wkoll, għandna nroddulhom lura mill-aħjar li nistgħu. Għandna ngħinuhom b’qalbna kollha biex jiksbu dak kollu li verament jistħoqqilhom.”Maryam Mafi, afterword to Daneshvar's Playhouse, pp. 179-180

Language of Sleep huwa dramm bijografiku miktub minn Mona Ahmadi, li jiddeskrivi l-ħajja ta’ żewġ kittieba nisa magħrufin: il-ħajja tar-rumanziera Ġermaniża-Rumena Herta Muller u l-ħajja ta’ Simin Dāneshvar. 

 Referenzi 

Kategorija:Kittieba Iranjani
Kategorija:Twieldu fl-1921
Kategorija:Mietu fl-2012