Siti preistoriċi bil-puntali madwar l-Alpi

Is-Siti preistoriċi bil-puntali madwar l-Alpi huma sensiela ta’ insedjamenti preistoriċi (jew djar) bil-puntali fl-Alpi jew madwar iż-żona tal-Alpi li nbnew bejn il-5000 u l-500 Q.K. fix-xtut tal-lagi u tax-xmajjar jew fl-artijiet mistagħdra. Fl-2011, 111-il sit li jinsabu mifruxin fl-Iżvizzera (56), fl-Italja (19), fil-Ġermanja (18), fi Franza (11), fl-Awstrija (5), u fis-Slovenja (2) tniżżlu fil-lista tas-Siti ta’ Wirt Dinji tal-UNESCO. Fis-Slovenja, iż-żewġ siti preistoriċi kienu l-ewwel Sit ta’ Wirt Dinji kulturali.
xellug|daqsminuri|203x203px|Bċejjeċ taċ-ċeramika mil-Lac du Bourget, Franza
Mill-iskavi li twettqu f’uħud mis-siti nstabet evidenza rigward il-ħajja preistorika u l-mod kif il-komunitajiet tal-qedem kienu jinteraġixxu mal-ambjent tagħhom fiż-Żmien Neolitiku u fi Żmien il-Bronż fl-Ewropa Alpina. Dawn l-insedjamenti huma grupp uniku ta’ siti arkeoloġiċi kulturali li huma ppreservati pjuttost tajjeb, li jikkostitwixxu wieħed mill-iktar sorsi importanti għall-istudju tas-soċjetajiet agrarji bikrin fir-reġjun.

Kuntrarjament għat-twemmin komuni, l-insedjamenti bil-puntali ma kinux mibnija fuq l-ilma iżda fuq l-art bassasa fil-qrib. Kienu mibnija fuq il-puntali biex ikunu protetti kontra l-għargħar okkażjonali. Minħabba li l-lagi kibru fid-daqs tagħhom tul is-snin, ħafna mill-puntali oriġinali issa jinsabu taħt l-ilma, li spiss iwasslu biex l-osservaturi moderni jkollhom l-impressjoni żbaljata li minn dejjem kienu hekk.

 Siti 
PajjiżNumru serjali tal-IDIsemPostKoordinatiDaqs tal-post (ha)Żona ta’ lqugħ (ha)Data Appross. li kienu okkupati (Q.K.)Żvizzera1363-001ÄgelmoosBeinwil am See47°16′43.047″N 8°12′27.44″E0.9610.52000-1000Żvizzera1363-002RiesiSeengen47°19′6.532″N 8°12′14.29″E3.816.51500-500Żvizzera1363-003Vingelz / HafenBiel/Bienne47°7′55.585″N 7°13′24.3″E0.618.43000-2500Żvizzera1363-004DorfstationLüscherz47°2′55.464″N 7°9′0.22″E3.475.14000-3500, 3000-2500, 1000-500Żvizzera1363-005LobsigenseeSeedorf47°1′58.487″N 7°17′59.989″E1.127.63500-3000Żvizzera1363-006RütteSutz-Lattrigen47°6′18.364″N 7°12′46.78″E2.849.63000-2500Żvizzera1363-007BahnhofTwann47°5′43.915″N 7°9′27.74″E2.518.54000-3000Żvizzera1363-008StrandbodenVinelz47°2′21.059″N 7°6′33.56″E2.328.74000-2500Żvizzera1363-009Les GrèvesGletterens46°54′19.098″N 6°55′46.37″E2.622.43500-3000Żvizzera1363-010SpitzGreng46°55′21.014″N 7°5′25.93″E7.697.34000-3500, 3000-2500, 1500-500Żvizzera1363-011Môtier IHaut-Vully46°57′0.889″N 7°5′19.87″E1.421.3NeolitikuŻvizzera1363-012SegelboothafenMurten46°55′47.323″N 7°6′48.28″E2.834.73000-2500Żvizzera1363-013En Praz des GueuxPrez46°47′39.2″N 7°2′12.7″E0.082.024000-3500Żvizzera1363-014Bellerive ICollonge-Bellerive46°15′12.03″N 6°11′25.6″E2.48.871000-500Żvizzera1363-015PortCorsier46°16′5.61″N 6°12′37.7″E1.9410.94000-3500, 3000-2500, 2000-1500, 1000-500Żvizzera1363-016BourgVersoix46°16′52.29″N 6°10′14.63″E3.0315.931500-500Żvizzera1363-017Egolzwil 3Egolzwil47°10′56.55″N 8°0′59.36″E0.6556.825000-4000Żvizzera1363-018SeematteHitzkirch47°12′58.48″N 8°15′15.2″E2.8124.554000-2500Żvizzera1363-019HalbinselSursee47°10′13.13″N 8°7′28.27″E3.5567.784000-3500, 2500-500Żvizzera1363-020Port-ContySaint-Aubin-Sauges46°53′25.42″N 6°46′14.73″E1.047.034000-2000Żvizzera1363-021Les ArgilliezGorgier46°54′11.8″N 6°47′23.61″E1.321.24000-3500Żvizzera1363-022L’Abbaye 2Bevaix46°55′34.54″N 6°49′50.56″E1.045.011040-986Żvizzera1363-023La SaunerieMilvignes46°58′14.3″N 6°52′17.78″E1.511.634000-3500, 3000-2000Żvizzera1363-024Les GraviersMilvignes46°58′22.45″N 6°52′29.99″E0.572.133500-2500, 2000-1500, 1000-500Żvizzera1363-025KehrsitenStansstad47°0′7.92″N 8°21′58.65″E1.265.144000-3000Żvizzera1363-026Weier I - IIIThayngen47°44′10.11″N 8°42′16.02″E0.483.444000-3500Żvizzera1363-027Freienbach–Hurden RosshornHurden47°13′10.38″N 8°48′24.6″E4.3220.13500-3000, 2000-500Żvizzera1363-028Freienbach–Hurden SeefeldHurden47°12′43.05″N 8°48′8.22″E2.416.123500-2500Żvizzera1363-029Burgäschisee OstAeschi47°10′7.33″N 7°40′20.48″E0.390.694000-3500, 3000-2500Żvizzera1363-030Inkwilersee InselBolken/Inkwil47°11′55.23″N 7°39′45.79″E0.145.714000-3500, 3000-2500, 1000-500Żvizzera1363-031Feldbach (Seegubel)Kempraten/Feldbach47°14′19.66″N 8°47′45.96″E7.515.54000-1000Żvizzera1363-032Rapperswil-Jona–TechnikumRapperswil47°13′14.21″N 8°48′56.55″E0.9249.12000-1500Żvizzera1363-033Bleiche 2-3Arbon47°30′13.72″N 9°25′39.93″E2.375.843500-3000, 2000-1500Żvizzera1363-034Insel WerdEschenz47°39′18.87″N 8°52′1.19″E2.844.084000-2500, 1500-500Żvizzera1363-035EgelseeGachnang-Niederwil47°33′30.45″N 8°51′46.8″E2.975.944000-3500Żvizzera1363-036NussbaumerseeHüttwilen47°36′53.3″N 8°48′55.05″E3.6616.865000-2500, 1000-500Żvizzera1363-037Pointe de Montbec IChabrey46°56′2.97″N 6°58′13.73″E1.788.041500-500Żvizzera1363-038La BessimeChevroux46°53′14.48″N 6°53′35.57″E1.0722.14000-3500, 1000-500Żvizzera1363-039VillageChevroux46°53′33.4″N 6°54′5.37″E1.5438.43500-2000Żvizzera1363-040Stations de ConciseCorcelles-près-Concise46°50′47.16″N 6°42′57.51″E6.511.54000-2500Żvizzera1363-041Corcelettes Les ViolesGrandson46°49′4.99″N 6°40′5.27″E2.5917.41500-500Żvizzera1363-042Les RoseauxMorges46°30′54.16″N 6°30′30.17″E0.868.12000-1000Żvizzera1363-043Stations de MorgesMorges46°30′36.34″N 6°30′10.3″E2.127.912000-1000Żvizzera1363-044Chenevières de Guévaux IMur, now Vully-les-Lacs46°56′5.88″N 7°3′17.69″E1.049.732000-1500Żvizzera1363-045Baie de ClendyYverdon-les-Bains46°46′48.62″N 6°39′12.77″E1.8738.74000-1500Żvizzera1363-046Le MaraisYvonand46°47′57.64″N 6°45′11.82″E1.9516.83500-2500, 1000-500Żvizzera1363-047Oterswil / Insel EielenZug47°7′36.26″N 8°29′50.46″E0.4510.823000-2000Żvizzera1363-048RiedmattZug47°10′56.95″N 8°29′28.12″E0.282.613500-2500, 1500-1000Żvizzera1363-049SumpfZug47°10′57.99″N 8°28′41.78″E1.557.51500-500Żvizzera1363-050Erlenbach–WinkelErlenbach47°17′49.91″N 8°35′46.31″E3.016.64000-1500, 1000-500Żvizzera1363-051Greifensee–Storen/WildsbergGreifensee47°21′37.8″N 8°40′51.51″E9.5911.74000-2500Żvizzera1363-052Meilen–RorenhaabMeilen47°15′50.14″N 8°39′36.82″E0.74.84000–2500, 2000-1500, 1000-500Żvizzera1363-053Wädenswil–Vorder AuWädenswil47°14′48.88″N 8°39′11.64″E1.4922.53500-1500Żvizzera1363-054Wetzikon-RobenhausenWetzikon47°20′9.05″N 8°47′8.16″E0.921554000-2500, 2000-1500, 1000-500Żvizzera1363-055Zürich–Enge AlpenquaiZürich47°21′52.06″N 8°32′19.47″E2.9317.41500-500Żvizzera1363-056Grosser Hafner and Kleiner HafnerZürich47°21′58.19″N 8°32′38.66″E0.6416.565000-1500, 1000-500Awstrija1363-057Keutschacher SeeKeutschach46°35′13.27″N 14°9′34.06″E0.21132.54000-3500, 1000-500Awstrija1363-058Abtsdorf IAttersee47°53′40.96″N 13°32′1.07″E1.191.431500-1000Awstrija1363-059Abtsdorf IIIAttersee47°53′35.56″N 13°31′59.34″E0.2291.434000-3000Awstrija1363-060Litzlberg SüdSeewalchen am Attersee47°56′3.66″N 13°33′16.99″E0.7665.264000-3000Awstrija1363-061SeeMondsee47°48′13.97″N 13°26′57.41″E1.220.973500-3000Franza1363-062Le Grand Lac de ClairvauxClairvaux-les-Lacs46°34′16.28″N 5°44′58.88″E15.2103.054000-500Franza1363-063Lac de Chalain, rive occidentaleMarigny, Doucier, Fontenu46°40′19.726″N 5°46′34.84″E50.6596.835300-600Franza1363-064Lac d’Aiguebelette, zone sudAiguebelette-le-Lac, Saint-Alban-de-Montbel45°32′36.02″N 5°48′16.85″E0.6442.873000-2500Franza1363-065Baie de GrésineBrison-Saint-Innocent45°44′11.857″N 5°53′8.43″E4.0931.51000-500Franza1363-066Baie de ChâtillonChindrieux45°47′51.878″N 5°51′3.37″E0.917.61000-500Franza1363-067HautecombeSaint-Pierre-de-Curtille45°44′59.23″N 5°50′27.07″E2.035.73500-3000Franza1363-068Littoral de TresserveTresserve45°41′2.681″N 5°53′34.15″E2.1272.41000-500Franza1363-069Littoral de Chens-sur-LémanChens-sur-Léman46°19′16.068″N 6°15′21.42″E0.9392.61500-500Franza1363-070Les Marais de Saint-JoriozSaint-Jorioz45°50′6.749″N 6°10′58.29″E0.494.34000–3500Franza1363-071Le Crêt de ChatillonSévrier45°51′37.4″N 6°9′19.8″E1.078.21500-500Franza1363-072Secteur des MongetsSévrier, Saint-Jorioz45°51′11.714″N 6°9′4.64″E0.1363.22000-1500Ġermanja1363-073Wangen-HinterhornÖhningen47°39′39.416″N 8°56′20.02″E2.563.24000-2500, 1500-500Ġermanja1363-074Hornstaad-HörnleGaienhofen47°41′40.229″N 9°0′21.30″E13.1172.44000-2500Ġermanja1363-075Allensbach-StrandbadAllensbach47°42′35.132″N 9°4′47.33″E2.656.64000-2500Ġermanja1363-076Wollmatingen-LangenrainKonstanz47°40′29.582″N 9°7′13.32″E1.5583.71000-500Ġermanja1363-077Konstanz-HinterhausenKonstanz47°39′54.788″N 9°11′38.65″E4.154.124000-3500, 3000-2500Ġermanja1363-078Litzelstetten-Krähenhorn 32Konstanz47°43′28.823″N 9°10′44.23″E7.5147.923960-3805Ġermanja1363-079Bodman-Schachen / LöchleBodman-Ludwigshafen47°48′52.11″N 9°2′23.11″E5.3414.14000-3500, 3000-2500, 2000-1000Ġermanja1363-080Sipplingen-OsthafenSipplingen47°47′35.304″N 9°6′7.29″E4.616.233919-2417, 934-933Ġermanja1363-081Unteruhldingen-StollenwiesenUhldingen-Mühlhofen47°43′15.258″N 9°13′42.18″E4.224.524000-3500, 3000-2500, 2000-500Ġermanja1363-082ÖdenahlenAlleshausen48°7′9.163″N 9°38′27.54″E0.9758.024000-3500Ġermanja1363-083GrundwiesenAlleshausen48°6′30.744″N 9°37′35.75″E0.543.423020-2700Ġermanja1363-084Siedlung ForschnerBad Buchau48°3′17.492″N 9°38′25.92″E3.54285.141767-1480Ġermanja1363-085Olzreute-EnzisholzBad Schussenried47°59′54.859″N 9°41′19.26″E1.8220.623000-2500Ġermanja1363-086SchreckenseeWolpertswende47°53′18.56″N 9°34′7.77″E1.067.053651-3263Ġermanja1363-087EhrensteinBlaustein48°24′38.707″N 9°55′23.68″E1.332.424000-3500Ġermanja1363-088PestenackerWeil48°8′48.044″N 10°56′52.29″E0.573.663495-3481Ġermanja1363-089UnfriedshausenGeltendorf48°8′32.359″N 10°57′4.28″E0.797.693813-3535Ġermanja1363-090RoseninselnFeldafing47°56′29.522″N 11°18′33.52″E15.1634.35000-2500, 2000-500Italja1363-091Palù di Livenza – SantissimaPolcenigo46°1′18.268″N 12°28′52.13″E13.4886.724766-4375, 3768-3538Italja1363-092LavagnoneDesenzano del Garda45°26′11.094″N 10°32′14.68″E6.0414.452500-1000Italja1363-093San Sivino, GabbianoManerba del Garda45°32′7.944″N 10°33′27.94″E1.853.462500-1500Italja1363-094Lugana VecchiaSirmione45°27′30.121″N 10°38′36.8″E2.5911.162500-1000Italja1363-095LuconePolpenazze del Garda45°33′3.326″N 10°29′17.19″E7.6668.25000-3500, 2500-1500Italja1363-096Lagazzi del VhoPiadena45°6′27.544″N 10°23′34.71″E2.7718.462000-1500Italja1363-097Bande - Corte CarpaniCavriana45°22′16.878″N 10°35′9.61″E7.3336.42005-1959Italja1363-098Castellaro Lagusello - Fondo TacoliMonzambano45°22′9.343″N 10°38′3.13″E1.2359.042000-1000Italja1363-099Isolino Virginia-Camilla-Isola di San BiagioBiandronno45°48′43.25″N 8°43′5.02″E3.7925.075000-1000Italja1363-100Bodio centrale o delle MoneteBodio Lomnago45°47′47.152″N 8°45′20.19″E1.6728.552000-1000Italja1363-101Il Sabbione o settentrionaleCadrezzate45°47′58.625″N 8°38′55.64″E1.189.612000-1000Italja1363-102VI.1-EmissarioViverone, Azeglio45°25′5.743″N 8°1′22.44″E5.86852.772000-1000Italja1363-103MercuragoArona45°44′1.709″N 8°33′7.6″E5.16270.062000-1000Italja1363-104Molina di LedroLedro45°52′26.857″N 10°45′54.05″E0.782.311900-1300Italja1363-105Fiavé-Lago CareraFiavè45°59′24.346″N 10°49′51.55″E10.773.924000-3500, 2000-1000Italja1363-106BelvederePeschiera del Garda45°27′22.705″N 10°39′30.31″E2.5212.462500-1500Italja1363-107FrassinoPeschiera del Garda45°26′5.168″N 10°39′47.51″E1.4831.192000-1000Italja1363-108TombolaCerea45°10′46.348″N 11°12′40.5″E1.51123.761500-1000Italja1363-109Laghetto della CostaArquà Petrarca45°16′10.844″N 11°44′32.68″E1.566.522500-1500Slovenja1363-110Kolišča na Igu, severna skupinaIg45°58′32.318″N 14°31′46.19″E19.2516.653000-1500Slovenja1363-111Kolišča na Igu, južna skupinaIg45°58′14.221″N 14°32′29.84″E26.1516.555000-2500

 Sit ta’ Wirt Dinji 
xellug|daqsminuri|Fdalijiet tal-puntali preistoriċi fi Fiavè, l-Italja
daqsminuri|231x231px|Fdalijiet tal-puntali taħt l-ilma f’Morges, l-Iżvizzera
Il-111-il sit preistoriku bil-puntali madwar l-Alpi ġew iddeżinjati bħala Sit ta’ Wirt Dinji transkonfinali (sitt pajjiżi) tal-UNESCO fl-2011.

Il-valur universali straordinarju tas-sit ġie rrikonoxxut abbażi ta’ żewġ kriterji tal-għażla tal-UNESCO: il-kriterju (iv) “Eżempju straordinarju ta’ tip ta’ bini, ta’ grupp ta’ siti jew ta’ pajsaġġ arkitettoniku jew teknoloġiku li joħroġ fid-dieher stadju/i sinifikanti fl-istorja tal-bniedem”; u l-kriterju (v) “Eżempju straordinarju ta’ insedjament uman tradizzjonali, ta’ użu tal-art jew ta’ użu tal-baħar, li jirrappreżenta kultura (jew kulturi), jew interazzjoni umana mal-ambjent, speċjalment meta jkun sar vulnerabbli minħabba l-impatt ta’ bidla irreversibbli”.

 Referenzi 

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