Element kimiku

Element kimiku huwa sustanza pura magħmula minn tip wieħed ta’ atomi, li jikkaratterizzawh u jiddistingwuh mill-elementi l-oħra bin-numru atomiku (Z). 

L-elementi jistgħu jidhru taħt forom diversi:

 taħt forma monoatomika: il-gassijiet nobbli (He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn).
 taħt forma molekulari: dawn huma xi eżempji H2, N2, O2, O3, F2, P4, S8, Cl2, Br2, I2.
 taħt forma ta’ ġabra kontinwa (kristallina jew amorfa) ta’ atomi marbutin b’mod kovalenti: pereżempju C, Si, B, Sb.
 taħt forma metallika: il-biċċa kbira ta’ l-elementi huma metalli, pereżempju, il-ħadid, is-sodju, id-deheb, il-kalċju, l-uranju .

L-istess element jista’ jeżisti f’forom allotropiċi differenti bħad-djamanti u l-graffit, li fihom il-karbonju għandu strutturi kristallini differenti jew l-ossiġenu diatomiku O2 u l-ożonu O3, li huma differenti fl-istruttura molekulari.
L-elementi ġew klassifikati fit-Tavla perjodika, strument tas-sintesi estremament qawwi. 

L-atomi ta’ l-istess element jista’ jkollhom numru tal-massa (A), jiġifieri numru ta’ nuklejuni, differenti. Dawn il-varjetajiet differenti jissejħu isotopi, billi għandhom l-istess post fit-tavla perjodika.
L-ammont t'elementi li jinstabu naturalment fi-Dinja huwa 94 (mill-idroġenu sa l-uranju għajr it-teknezju u l-promezju) li 80 minnhom għandhom mill-inqas isotopu stabbli wieħed. Sissa jistgħu jinħolqu 24 oħra artifiċjalment, u għalhekk b’kollox nafu b’118 element. L-itqal element huwa l-oganesson bin-numru atomiku ta’ 118.

Hawn taħt nagħtu tabella li tiġbor fiha xi informazzjoni fuq l-elementi, irranġati skond in-numru atomiku. 

 Lista ta' l-Elementi 

NElementSimboluPiż atomikuKonfigurazzjonielettronikaEI1 (eV)AE (eV)Χ (Pauling)Sena ta’ l-iskoperta1IdroġenuH1,00791s13,598440,7542,117662EljuHe4,00261s224,58741 − 0,5 -18953LitjuLi6,941[He]2s5,391720,6181,018174BerilljuBe9,0122[He]2s29,32263 − 0,51,517975BoruB10,81[He]2s22p8,298030,2772,018086KarbonjuC12,011[He]2s22p211,260301,2632,5antikità7AżotuN14.0067[He]2s22p314,53414 − 0,073,017728OssiġenuO15,9994[He]2s22p413,618061,461 3,517749FluworuF18,9984[He]2s22p517,422823,399 4,0188610NeonNe20,179[He]2s22p621,56454 − 1,2  -189811SodjuNa22,98977[Ne]3s5,139080,5480,9180712ManjeżjuMg24,305[Ne]3s27,64624 − 0,41,2180813AluminjuAl26,9815[Ne]3s23p5,985770,4411,5182514SiliċjuSi28,0855[Ne]3s23p28,151691,3851,8182415FosfruP30,9738[Ne]3s23p310,486690,7472,1166916Żolfu (Kubrit)S32,06[Ne]3s23p410,360012,0772,5antikità17KloruCl35,453[Ne]3s23p512,967643,6173,0177418ArgonAr39,948[Ne]3s23p615,759 − 1,0 -189419PotassjuK39,0983[Ar]4s4,340660,5020,8180720KalċjuCa40,08[Ar]4s26,11316 −0,31,0180821SkandjuSc44,9559[Ar]3d4s26,561440,1881,3187922TitanjuTi47,88[Ar]3d24s26,82820,079 1,5179123VanadjuV50,9415[Ar]3d34s26,7460,524 1,6183024KromuCr51,996[Ar]3d54s6,766640,6661,6179825ManganiżMn54,9380[Ar]3d54s27,4340201,5177426ĦadidFe55,847[Ar]3d64s27,90240,1631,8antikità27KobaltuCo58,9332[Ar]3d74s27,88100,6601,9173728NikilNi58,69[Ar]3d84s27,63981,1611,9175129RamCu63,546[Ar]3d104s7,726381,2271,9antikità30ŻinguZn65.38[Ar]3d104s29,394001,6Seklu XV31GalljuGa69,72[Ar]3d104s24p5,999300,3001,6187532ĠermanjuGe72,59[Ar]3d104s24p27,8991,2331,8188633ArsenikuAs74,9216[Ar]3d104s24p39,81520,8082,0Seklu XV34SelenjuSe78,96[Ar]3d104s24p49,752382,0212,4181835BromuBr79,904[Ar]3d104s24p511,813813,3652,8182636KriptonKr83,80[Ar]3d104s24p613,99961 − 1,0 -189837RubidjuRb85,4678[Kr]5s4,177130,4860,8186038StronzjuSr87,62[Kr]5s25,6948401,0180839IttrijuY88,9059[Kr]4d5s26,2170,3071,2179440ŻirkonjuZr91,224[Kr]4d25s26,633900,426 1,4178941NjubjuNb92,9064[Kr]4d35s26,758850,892 1,6180142MolibdenuMo95,94[Kr]4d55s7,092430,7451,8178243TeknezjuTc(98)[Kr]4d55s27,280,5491,9193944RutenjuRu101,9055[Kr]4d65s27,360501,0502,2184445RodjuRh102,9055[Kr]4d75s27,458901,1372,2180346PalladjuPd106,42[Kr]4d105s08,33690,5572,2180347FiddaAg107,868[Kr]4d105s7,576241,3021,9antikità48KadmjuCd112,41[Kr]4d105s28,993701,7181749IndjuIn114,82[Kr]4d105s25p5,786360,3001,7186350StannSn118,71[Kr]4d105s25p27,343811,1121,8antikità51AntimonjuSb121,75[Kr]4d105s25p38,641,0701,9Seklu XV52TellurjuTe127,60[Kr]4d105s25p49,00961,9712,1178353JodjuI126,9045[Kr]4d105s25p510,451263,0602,5181154XenuXe131,29[Kr]4d105s25p612,129870 -189855ĊesjuCs132,9054[Xe]6s3,893900,4720,7186056BarjuBa137,33[Xe]6s25,2117000,9180857LantanjuLa138,9055[Xe]5d6s25,57700,4701,1183958ĊerjuCe140,12[Xe]4f5d6s25,53870,9551,1180359PraseodimjuPr140,9077[Xe]4f36s25,464< 0,5181,1188560NeodimjuNd144,24[Xe]4f46s25,5250< 0,518 1,2188561PromezjuPm(145)[Xe]4f56s25,55< 0,518 1,2194562SamarjuSm150,36[Xe]4f66s25,6437< 0,518 1,2188063EuropjuEu151,96[Xe]4f76s25,6704< 0,518 1,1190164GadolinjuGd157,25[Xe]4f75d6s26,1502< 0,5181,1188065TerbjuTb158,9254[Xe]4f96s25,8639< 0,5181,2184366DisprosjuDy162,50[Xe]4f106s25,939< 0,5181,2188667OlmjuHo164,9304[Xe]4f116s26,0216< 0,5181,2187968ErbjuEr167,26[Xe]4f126s26,1078< 0,5181,2184369TuljuTm168,9342[Xe]4f136s26,184311,0291,2187970ItterbjuYb173,04[Xe]4f146s26,25416< 0,5181,1187971LutezjuLu174,967[Xe]4f145d6s25,4260,521,2190772AfnjuHf178,49[Xe]4f145d26s26,825070 1,3192373TantaljuTa180,9479[Xe]4f145d36s27,890,32 1,5180274TungstenuW183,85[Xe]4f145d66s7,980,8151,7178375Renju (Kimika)Re186,207[Xe]4f145d56s27,880,1501,9192576OżmjuOs190,2[Xe]4f145d66s28,71,1002,2180477IridjuIr192,22[Xe]4f145d76s29,11,5652,2180478PlatinuPt195,08[Xe]4f145d106s09,02,1282,2174879DehebAu196,9665[Xe]4f145d106s9,225672,3092,4antikità80MerkurjuHg200,59[Xe]4f145d106s210,4375001,9antikità81TalljuTl204,383[Xe]4f145d106s26p6,108290,1991,8186182ĊombPb207,2[Xe]4f145d106s26p27,41670,3641,9antikità83BismutBi208,9804[Xe]4f145d106s26p37,28550,9451,9175384PolonjuPo(209)[Xe]4f145d106s26p48,416711,9002,0189885AstatuAt(210)[Xe]4f145d106s26p59,22,7992,2194086RadonRn(222)[Xe]4f145d106s26p610,748500 -190087FranċjuFr(223)[Rn]7s4,0712n.d.0,7193988RadjuRa226,0254[Rn]7s25,27892n.d.0,9189889AttinjuAc227,028[Rn]6d7s25,17n.d.1,1189990TorjuTh232,0381[Rn]6d26s26,308n.d.1,3182891ProtoattinjuPa231,0359[Rn]5f26d7s25,89n.d.1,4191792UranjuU238,0289[Rn]5f36d7s26,19405n.d.1,4178993NettunjuNp237,0482[Rn]5f46d7s26,2655n.d. 1,4194094PlutonjuPu(244)[Rn]5f66s26,0262n.d. 1,3194095AmeriċjuAm(243)[Rn]5f77s25,9738n.d. 1,3194496KurjuCm(247)[Rn]5f76d7s26,02n.d.1,3194497BerkeljuBk(247)[Rn]5f97s26,229n.d.1,3194998KalifornjuCf(251)[Rn]5f107s26,30n.d.1,3195099EinsteinjuEs(252)[Rn]5f117s26,422n.d.1,31954100FermjuFm(257)[Rn]5f127s26,50n.d.1,31954101MendelevjuMd(258)[Rn]5f137s26,58n.d.1,31955102NobeljuNo(259)[Rn]5f147s26,65n.d.1,31958103LawrenzjuLr(260)[Rn]5f146d7s2n.d.n.d.1,31961104RutherfordjuRf(261)[Rn]5f146d27s2n.d.n.d.n.d.1968105DubnjuDb(262)[Rn]5f146d37s2n.d.n.d. n.d.1970106SeaborgjuSg(266)[Rn]5f146d47s2n.d.n.d.n.d.1974107BohrjuBh(264)[Rn]5f146d57s2n.d.n.d.n.d.1981108HassjuHs(269)[Rn]5f146d67s2n.d.n.d.n.d.1984109MeitnerjuMt(268)[Rn]5f146d77s2n.d.n.d.n.d.1982110DarmstadtjuDs(269)[Rn]5f146d97sn.d.n.d.n.d.1994111RoentgenjuRg(272)[Rn]5f146d107sn.d.n.d.n.d.1994112KoperniċjuCn(277)[Rn]5f146d107s2n.d.n.d.n.d.1996113NihonjuNh(284)[Rn]5f146d107s27pn.d.n.d.n.d.2004114FlerovjuFl(289)[Rn]5f146d107s27p2n.d.n.d.n.d.1999115MoskovjuMc(288)[Rn]5f146d107s27p3n.d.n.d.n.d.2004116LivermorjuLv(292)[Rn]5f146d107s27p4n.d.n.d.n.d.2000117TennessinjuTs(310)[Rn]5f146d107s27p5n.d.n.d.n.d.2010118OganessonOg(314)[Rn]5f146d107s27p6n.d.n.d.n.d.1999

Kategorija:Kimika
Kategorija:Elementi kimiċi