Paucituberculata

Category:Paucituberculata

Il-Paucituberculata (Pawċituberkulata) huwa ordni ta' mammiferi marsupjali, dawk l-ispeċijiet estanti li ġeneralment jissejħu opossumi bugdiedem jew opossumi firien. Dan qiegħed ikklassifikat fil-klassi Mammalia, fis-sottoklassi Theria, fl-infraklassi Metatheria u fis-superordni Ameridelphia. Il-Paucituberculata għandu familja waħda biss b' rappreżentanti ħajjin, il-familja Caenolestidae u fiha hemm miġburin 3 ġeneri (Caenolestes, Lestoros u Rhyncholestes), li bejniethom għandhom 7 speċijiet ħajjin. 

Dan l-ordni miljuni ta' snin ilu kien ħafna akbar fin-numru ta' ġeneri u speċijiet u b' ħafna aktar varjeta kemm fid-daqs kif ukoll fil-morfoloġija u fit-tip ta' niċeċ okkupati minnhom. 

Il-Paucituberculata flimkien ma' l-ordni Didelphimorphia u l-ordni estint Sparassodonta, jiffurmaw is-superordni Ameridelphia il-marsupjali Amerikani (dan ta' laħħar jiġbor fiħ il-marsupjali kollha tal-kontinenti Amerikani b' eċċezzjoni tal-kolokolo li jagħmel parti mill-grupp tal-marsupjali Awstraljani).

(għal aktar informazzjoni ara l-artiklu Opossum bugeddum)

Lista tal-ispeċijiet ħajjin tal-ordni Paucituberculata

Ordni Paucituberculata
Sottordni Caenolestoidea
Familja Caenolestidae
Sottofamilja Caenolestinae
Ġeneru Caenolestes 
Opossum bugeddum ta' żaqqu griża jew Opossum far ta' żaqqu griża, Caenolestes caniventer
Opossum bugeddum tal-Andi jew Opossum far tal-Andi, Caenolestes condorensis
Opossum bugeddum tat-Tramuntana jew Opossum far tat-Tramuntana, Caenolestes convelatus
Opossum bugeddum skur jew Opossum far skur, Caenolestes fuliginosus
Opossum bugeddum tal-Lvant jew Opossum far tal-Lvant, Caenolestes sangay
Ġeneru Lestoros
Opossum bugeddum Peruvjan jew Opossum bugeddum tal-Inka, Lestoros inca
Ġeneru Rhyncholestes
Opossum bugeddum ta' mnieħru twil jew Opossum far ta' mnieħru twil, Rhyncholestes raphanurus

Tassonomija tal-ordni Paucituberculata

Ordni Paucituberculata (Ameghino, 1894)
Sottordni †Caenolestoidea
Familja †Carolopaulacoutoiidae
Ġeneru †Carolopaulacoutoia (McKenna & Bell, 1997)
†Carolopaulacoutoia itaboraiensis (Paula Couto, 1970)
Familja Caenolestidae
Sottofamilja †Pichipilinae
Ġeneru †Pichipilus (Ameghino, 1890)
†Pichipilus centinelus (Marshall and Pascual, 1977)
†Pichipilus exilis
†Pichipilus halleuxi
†Pichipilus osborni (Ameghino, 1890)
†Pichipilus rigssi 
Ġeneru †Phonocdromus (Ameghino, 1894)
†Phonocdromus gracilis
†Phonocdromus patagonicus
Ġeneru †Pliolestes (Reig, 1955)
†Pliolestes tripotamicus (Reig, 1955)
Sottofamilja Caenolestinae
Ġeneru Caenolestes (Thomas, 1895)
Caenolestes caniventer (Anthony, 1921)
Caenolestes condorensis (Albuja & Patterson, 1996)
Caenolestes convelatus (Anthony, 1924)
Caenolestes fuliginosus (Tomes, 1863)
Caenolestes sangay
†Caenolestes judithae				
†Caenolestes minor				
Ġeneru Lestoros (Oehser, 1934)
Lestoros inca (Thomas, 1917)
Ġeneru †Pseudhalmarhiphus (Ameghino, 1903)
†Pseudhalmarhiphus guaraniticus (Ameghino, 1903)
Ġeneru Rhyncholestes (Osgood, 1924)
Rhyncholestes raphanurus (Osgood, 1924)
Ġeneru †Stilotherium (Ameghino, 1887) 
†Stilotherium dissimile 
Familja †Palaeothentidae			
Sottofamilja Incertae sedis
Ġeneru †Hondathentes (Bown & Dumont, 1993)
†Hondathentes cazador (Bown & Dumont, 1993)
Sottofamilja †Acdestinae				
Ġeneru †Acdestis (Ameghino, 1887)
†Acdestis columnaris				
†Acdestis gracilis				
†Acdestis lemairei	
†Acdestis ligatus
†Acdestis maddeni (Anaya-Daza & Goin & Kay & Sánchez-Villagra & Takai, 2003)
†Acdestis obusta
†Acdestis oweni
†Acdestis robustus				
†Acdestis spegazinii
Ġeneru †Acdestodon (Bown & Fleagle, 1993)
†Acdestodon bonapartei (Bown & Fleagle, 1993)
Ġeneru †Acdestoides (Bown & Fleagle, 1993)
†Acdestoides bonapartei				
†Acdestoides praecursor (Bown & Fleagle, 1993) Acdestis praecursor?
Ġeneru †Trelewthentes (Bown & Fleagle, 1993)
†Trelewthentes rothi (Bown & Fleagle, 1993)
Sottofamilja †Palaeothentinae
Ġeneru †Carlothentes (Bown & Fleagle, 1993)
†Carlothentes chubutensis (Bown & Fleagle, 1993)
Ġeneru †Palaeothentes (Ameghino, 1887) 
†Palaeothentes aratae				
†Palaeothentes intermedius				
†Palaeothentes lemoinei
†Palaeothentes marshalli
†Palaeothentes migueli	
†Palaeothentes minutus				
†Palaeothentes pascuali				
†Palaeothentes primus				
Ġeneru †Pilchenia (Ameghino, 1903)
†Pilchenia lucina (Ameghino, 1903)
Ġeneru †Propalaeothentes (Bown & Fleagle, 1993)
†Propalaeothentes hatcheri				
†Propalaeothentes lepidus				
Ġeneru †Titanothentes (Bown & Fleagle & Rae, 1996)
†Titanothentes simpsoni (Bown & Fleagle & Rae, 1996)
Familja †Abderitidae (Ameghino, 1889)
Ġeneru †Pitheculites (Ameghino, 1902)
†Pitheculites chenche (Dumont & Bown 1997)
†Pitheculites minimus (Ameghino, 1902)
†Pitheculites rothi (Marshall 1990)
Ġeneru †Abderites (Ameghino, 1887)
†Abderites meridionalis (Ameghino, 1887)
†Abderites pristinus (Marshall, 1976)
Sottordni †Polydolopimorphia (Marshall et al., 1990)
Infrordni Incertae sedis				
Familja †Protodidelphidae		
Ġeneru †Bobbschaefferia (Paula Couto, 1970)
†Bobbschaefferia fluminensis (Paula Couto, 1970)
Ġeneru †Carolocoutoia (Candela & Goin & Olivier, 1998)
†Carolocoutoia ferigoloi (Candela & Goin & Olivier, 1998)
Ġeneru †Guggenheimia (Paula Couto, 1952)
†Guggenheimia brasiliensis (Paula Couto, 1952)
Ġeneru †Protodidelphis (Paula Couto, 1952)
†Protodidelphis vanzolinii (Paula Couto, 1952)
Ġeneru †Reigia (Pascual, 1983)
†Reigia punae (Pascual, 1983)
Ġeneru †Zeusdelphys (Marshall, 1982)
†Zeusdelphys complicatus (Marshall, 1982)
Infrordni †Polydolopoidea (Ameghino, 1897)
Familja Incertae sedis				
Ġeneru †Palangania (Bond & Candela & Escribano & Goin & Pascual, 1998)
†Palangania brandmayri (Bond & Candela & Escribano & Goin & Pascual, 1998)
Familja †Sillustaniidae				
Ġeneru †Sillustania (Crochet & Sigé, 1996)
†Sillustania quechuense (Crochet & Sigé, 1996)
Familja †Bonapartheriidae
Ġeneru †Bonapartherium (Pascual, 1980)
†Bonapartherium hinakusijum (Pascual, 1980)
†Bonapartherium serrensis (Goin, Candela & Lopez 1998) 
Familja †Prepidolopidae			
Ġeneru †Prepidolops (Pascual, 1980)
†Prepidolops alonsoi (Pascual, 1983)
†Prepidolops didelphoides (Pascual, 1986)
†Prepidolops molinai (Pascual, 1981)
Ġeneru †Rosendolops (Candela & Goin, 1996)
†Rosendolops primigenium (Candela & Goin, 1996)
Ġeneru †Seumandia (Simpson, 1935)
†Seumandia yapa (Simpson, 1935)
Familja †Polydolopidae (Ameghino, 1897)
Sottofamilja †Parabderitinae (Marshall, 1980)
Ġeneru †Parabderites (Ameghino, 1902)
†Parabderites bicrispatus
†Parabderites minusculus (Ameghino, 1902)
†Parabderites trisulcatus
Sottofamilja †Polydolopinae (Ameghino, 1897)
Ġeneru †Amphidolops (Ameghino, 1902)
†Amphidolops serrula (Ameghino, 1902)
†Amphidolops yapa (Simpson, 1935)
Ġeneru †Antarctodolops				
†Antarctodolops dailyi				
Ġeneru †Epidolops (Paula Couto, 1952)
†Epidolops ameghinoi (Paula Couto, 1952)	
Ġeneru †Eudolops (Ameghino, 1902)
†Eudolops hernandezi				
†Eudolops tetragonus				
Ġeneru †Eurydolops (Case & Chaney & Woodburne, 1988)
†Eurydolops seymourensis (Case & Chaney & Woodburne, 1988)
Ġeneru †Polydolops (Ameghino, 1897)
†Polydolops abanicoi (Flynn & Wiss, 1999)
†Polydolops clavulus
†Polydolops dailyi (Woodburne & Zinsmeister, 1984)
†Polydolops kamektsen (Simpson, 1935)
†Polydolops mayoi		
†Polydolops mckennai (Flynn & Wiss, 2004)
†Polydolops rothi Simpson, 1935)
†Polydolops serra			
†Polydolops thomasi (Ameghino, 1897)
†Polydolops winecage (Simpson, 1935)
Ġeneru †Pseudolops (Ameghino, 1902)
†Pseudolops princeps (Ameghino, 1902)
Ġeneru †Roberthoffstetteria (Marshall & De Muizon & Sigé, 1983)
†Roberthoffstetteria nationalgeographica (Marshall & De Muizon & Sigé, 1983)
Infrordni †Simpsonitheria				
Superfamilja †Argyrolagoidea				
Familja †Gashterniidae
Ġeneru †Gashternia (Simpson, 1935)
†Gashternia ctalehor (Simpson, 1935)
Familja †Argyrolagidae				
Ġeneru †Argyrolagus (Ameghino, 1904)
†Argyrolagus palmeri				
†Argyrolagus parodii				
†Argyrolagus scagliai				
Ġeneru †Hondalagus (Marshall & Villaroel, 1988)
†Hondalagus altiplanensis (Marshall & Villaroel, 1988)
Ġeneru †Microtragulus	(Ameghino, 1904)
†Microtragulus argentinus				
†Microtragulus bolivianus				
†Microtragulus catamarcensis
†Microtragulus reigi
Ġeneru †Proargyrolagus (Wolff, 1984)
†Proargyrolagus bolivianus (Wolff, 1984)
Familja †Groeberiidae				
Sottofamilja †Groeberiinae				
Ġeneru †Groeberia (Patterson, 1952)
†Groeberia minoprioi (Patterson, 1952)
†Groeberia pattersoni (Simpson, 1970)
Sottofamilja †Patagoniinae				
Ġeneru †Patagonia (Charlini & Pascual, 1987)  
†Patagonia peregrina (Charlini & Pascual, 1987)
Ġeneru †Klohnia (Flynn & Wyss, 1999)
†Klohnia charrieri (Flynn & Wyss, 1999)
Superfamilja †Caroloameghinioidea
Familja †Glasbiidae				
Ġeneru †Glasbius (Clemens, 1966)
†Glasbius intricatus (Clemens, 1966)
†Glasbius twitchelli (Archibald, 1982)
Familja †Caroloameghiniidae				
Ġeneru †Caroloameghinia (Ameghino, 1901)
†Caroloameghinia tenuis (Ameghino, 1901)
Ġeneru †Chulpasia (Crochet & Sigé, 1993)
†Chulpasia mattaueri (Crochet & Sigé, 1993)
Ġeneru †Procaroloameghinia (Marshall, 1982)
†Procaroloameghinia pricei (Marshall, 1982)
Ġeneru †Robertbutleria (Marshall, 1987)
†Robertbutleria mastodontoidea (Marshall, 1987)

† jindika estinzjoni

Ara ukoll
Opossum bugeddum
Metatheria
Ameridelphia
Didelphimorphia

Referenzi
Aplin, K. P., and M. Archer. 1987. Recent advances in marsupial systematics with a new syncretic classification. Pp. xv-lxxii in Archer, M. (ed.), Possums and Opossums: Studies in Evolution, Vol. I. Surrey Beatty and Sons PTY Limited, Chipping Norton. lxxii+400 pp.
Carroll, R. L. 1988. Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution. W. H. Freeman and Co., New York. xiv + 698 pp.
Feldhamer, G. A., L. C. Drickamer, S. H. Vessey, and J. F. Merritt. 1999. Mammalogy. Adaptation, Diversity, and Ecology. WCB McGraw-Hill, Boston. xii+563pp.
Gardner, Alfred (November 16, 2005). Wilson, D. E., and Reeder, D. M. (eds) Mammal Species of the World, 3rd edition, Johns Hopkins University Press, 19-20. ISBN 0-801-88221-4
Marshall, L. G. 1984. Monotremes and marsupials. Pp 59-115 in Anderson, S. and J. Knox Jones, eds, Orders and Families of Recent Mammals of the World. John Wiley and Sons, NY. xii+686 pp.
Vaughan, T. A. 1986. Mammalogy. Third Edition. Saunders College Publishing, Fort Worth. vi+576 pp.
Vaughan, T. A., J. M. Ryan, N. J. Czaplewski. 2000. Mammalogy. Fourth Edition. Saunders College Publishing, Philadelphia. vii+565pp.
Wilson, D. E., and D. M. Reeder. 1993. Mammal Species of the World, A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. 2nd edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington. xviii+1206 pp.

Ħoloq/Linkijiet Esterni
The Paleobiology Database.
Tassonomija tal-Mammiferi.