Tulisan Maya

Tulisan Maya, juga dipanggil glif Maya, merupakan sistem tulisan asli tamadun Maya Mesoamerika dahulu dan merupakan satu-satunya sistem tulisan Mesoamerika yang telah banyak ditafsirkan. Batu-batu bersurat terawal ditemui yang boleh dikenal pasti adalah Maya berasal dari abad ke-3 SM di San Bartolo, Guatemala. Tulisan Maya digunakan meluas di seluruh Mesoamerika sehinggalah penaklukan Maya oleh Sepanyol pada abad ke-16 dan ke-17. Walaupun hampir keseluruhan bahasa Maya moden ditulis menggunakan abjad Rumi dan bukan tulisan Maya, terdapat perkembangan terkini yang menggalakkan kebangkitan semula sistem glif Maya.

Tulisan Maya menggunakan logogram yang dilengkapi dengan glif-glif suku kata, serupa dengan cara tulisan Jepun moden berfungsi. Tulisan Maya dipanggil hieroglif oleh penjelajah-penjelajah Eropah awal abad ke-18 dan ke-19 yang perasan ia agak serupa dengan hieroglif Mesir, walaupun kedua-dua sistem tulisan itu tidak berkaitan.

 Bahasa-bahasa 
Bukti menunjukkan bahawa kodeks-kodeks dan teks-teks klasik lain ditulis oleh jurutulis—biasanya ahli pendeta Maya—dalam bahasa Maya Klasik, bentuk sastera bahasa Chʼoltiʼ yang telah pupus. Ada kemungkinan golongan elit Maya bercakap dalam bahasa ini sebagai lingua franca di seluruh kawasan berbahasa Maya tetapi ada juga teks yang ditulis dalam bahasa Maya lain di Petén dan Yucatán, terutamanya Yucatec. Terdapat juga beberapa bukti bahawa sistem tulisan ini mungkin kadangkala digunakan untuk menulis bahasa Maya di Tanah Tinggi Guatemala. Walau bagaimanapun, jika ada bahasa lain yang ditulis, ia mungkin ditulis oleh jurutulis Chʼoltiʼ, jadi mempunyai unsur-unsur Chʼoltiʼ.

 Suku kata 
Suku kata merupakan konsonan + vokal. Baris teratas memuatkan bunyi-bunyi vokal. Di lajur kiri terdapat konsonan dengan arahan sebutannya. Tanda petik tunggal (') mewakili hentian glotis. Terdapat variasi berbeza bagi aksara yang sama dalam sel jadual. Sel kosong ialah bait yang aksaranya belum diketahui.
Glif UtamaGlif Boleh Dilekatkan-a-e-i-o-u-a-e-i-o-u-
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/t͡ʃʼ/link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Maya_Syllabary_Ch'a_2.jpg|50x50pxlink=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Maya_Syllabary_Ch'u_1.jpg|50x50pxch’-
/t͡ʃʼ/link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Maya_Syllabary_Ch'a_1.jpg|50x50pxh-
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/k/link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Maya_Syllabary_Ka_3.jpg|50x50pxlink=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Maya_Syllabary_Ke_1.jpg|50x50px
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/k/link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Maya_Syllabary_Ka_1.jpg|50x50px
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/k’/link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Maya_Syllabary_K'a_1.jpg|50x50px
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/l/link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Maya_Syllabary_La_2.jpg|50x50pxlink=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Maya_Syllabary_Le_1.jpg|50x50pxlink=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Maya_Syllabary_Li_1.jpg|50x50px
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/m/link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Maya_Syllabary_Ma_3.jpg|50x50px
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/m/link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Maya_Syllabary_Ma_1.jpg|50x50px
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/n/link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Maya_Syllabary_Na_2.jpg|50x50px
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/n/link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Maya_Syllabary_Na_1.jpg|50x50pxlink=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Maya_Syllabary_Ne_1.jpg|50x50px
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/p/link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Maya_Syllabary_Pa_1.jpg|50x50px
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/p/link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Maya_Syllabary_Pi_1.jpg|50x50pxs-
/s/link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Maya_Syllabary_Sa_2.jpg|50x50px
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/s/link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Maya_Syllabary_Sa_1.jpg|50x50px
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/t/link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Maya_Syllabary_Ta_4.jpg|50x50px
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/t/link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Maya_Syllabary_Ta_1.jpg|50x50px link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Maya_Syllabary_Ta_2.jpg|50x50px
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link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Maya_Syllabary_To_2.jpg|50x50pxlink=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Maya_Syllabary_Tu_1.jpg|50x50pxt’-
/t’/link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Maya_Syllabary_T'u_1.jpg|50x50pxt’-
/t’/tz-
/t͡s/link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Maya_Syllabary_Tza_1.jpg|50x50pxlink=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Maya_Syllabary_Tze_1.jpg|50x50pxlink=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Maya_Syllabary_Tzi_1.jpg|50x50pxlink=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Maya_Syllabary_Tzu_1.jpg|50x50pxtz-
/t͡s/link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Maya_Syllabary_Tzi_2.jpg|50x50pxtz’-
/t͡sʼ/link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Maya_Syllabary_Tz'i_1.jpg|50x50pxtz’-
/t͡sʼ/link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Maya_Syllabary_Tz'a_1.jpg|50x50pxlink=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Maya_Syllabary_Tz'u_1.jpg|50x50px link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Maya_Syllabary_Tz'u_2.jpg|50x50pxw-
/w/link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Maya_Syllabary_Wa_1.jpg|50x50pxlink=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Maya_Syllabary_We_1.jpg|50x50pxw-
/w/link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Maya_Syllabary_Wa_2.jpg|50x50pxlink=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Maya_Syllabary_Wi_1.jpg|50x50pxlink=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Maya_Syllabary_Wo_1.jpg|50x50pxx-
/ʃ/link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Maya_Syllabary_Xi_1.jpg|50x50pxlink=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Maya_Syllabary_Xo_1.jpg|50x50pxlink=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Maya_Syllabary_Xu_1.jpg|50x50pxx-
/ʃ/link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Maya_Syllabary_Xa_1.jpg|50x50pxy-
/j/link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Maya_Syllabary_Ye_1.jpg|50x50px
link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Maya_Syllabary_Ye_2.jpg|50x50pxlink=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Maya_Syllabary_Yo_1.jpg|50x50pxy-
/j/link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Maya_Syllabary_Ya_1.jpg|50x50px
link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Maya_Syllabary_Ya_2.jpg|50x50pxlink=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Maya_Syllabary_Yi_1.jpg|50x50pxlink=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Maya_Syllabary_Yo_2.jpg|50x50pxlink=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Maya_Syllabary_Yu_1.jpg|50x50px-a-e-i-o-u-a-e-i-o-u

 Contoh 
Makam Kʼinich Janaabʼ Pakal:
kanan|frameless|601x601px| maya exx
+Transkripsi Baris Glif Bacaan I J I J 4 ya k'a wa ʔu(?) K'UH hu lu yak'aw ʔuk'uhul 5 PIK 1-WINAAK-ki pik juʔn winaak 6 pi xo ma ʔu SAK hu na la pixoʔm ʔusak hunal 7 ʔu-ha YAX K'AHK' K'UH? ʔuʔh Yax K'ahk' K'uh? 8 ʔu tu pa K'UH? ? ʔutuʔp k'uh(u l)? ...l 9 ʔu KOʔHAW wa ? [CHAAK] ... m ʔukoʔhaw Chaahk ('GI') 10 SAK BALUʔN – Sak Baluʔn –
Teks: Yak'aw ʔuk'uhul pik juʔn winaak pixoʔm ʔusak hunal ʔuʔh Yax K'ahk' K'uh(?) ʔutuʔp k'uh(ul)? ... l ʔukoʔhaw Chaahk ('GI') Sak Baluʔn.

Terjemahan: «Dia memberikan dewa pakaian, [terdiri daripada] dua puluh sembilan penutup kepala, reben putih, kalung, anting-anting Dewa Api Pertama dan topi keledar lencana segi empat Dewa, kepada Chaahk Sak-Balun».

 Rujukan 

 Bibliografi 


























 Pautan luar 

 Persatuan Bangsa Maya Eropah (Wayeb) mempunyai sumber, termasuk buku penuh, di halaman Sumber Elektronik mereka
 Transkripsi separa, transliterasi dan terjemahan teks Temple of Inscriptions oleh Michael D. Carrasco 
 Perbendaharaan Kata Maya Klasik Awal-Bahasa Inggeris/Bahasa Inggeris-Bahasa Maya Klasik Bacaan Hieroglif oleh Erik Boot
 Sumber FAMSI tentang tulisan Maya Hieroglyphic
 Maya Menulis dalam: Guatemala, Buaian Tamadun Maya
 Tafsiran morfemik Wolfgang Gockel tentang glif
 Program Corpus of Maya Hieroglyphic Inscriptions di Muzium Arkeologi dan Etnologi Peabody, Universiti Harvard 
 Corpus of Maya Hieroglyphic Inscriptions, Jilid 1–9. Diterbitkan oleh Peabody Museum Press dan diedarkan oleh Harvard University Press
 (dalam bahasa Ukraine)
 Garis Masa Pentafsiran

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