Darjah kebesaran, bintang, dan pingat Jerman Nazi

Anugerah bintang dan pingat Jerman Nazi ialah  pingat kebesaran tentera, politik dan awam yang dianugerahkan antara tahun 1923 dan 1945, mula-mula oleh Parti Nazi dan kemudian negara Jerman Nazi.

Anugerah pertama bermula pada tahun 1920an, sebelum pihak Nazi berkuasa di Jerman, dengan pingat kebesaran politik dipakai pada pakaian seragam Parti, berserta sebarang anugerah yang mungkin mereka perolehi semasa Perang Dunia Pertama atau sebelumnya.

Selepas tahun 1933, negara mula mengeluarkan pelbagai pingat kebesaran awam, yang boleh diberikan kepada mana-mana warganegara Jerman. Oleh itu, beberapa anugerah (seperti Sports Badges) telah diberikan kepada ahli Parti Nazi, anggota tentera Jerman, dan orang awam. Banyak anugerah standard negara Jerman, seperti medal keselamatan, telah direka bentuk semula dengan menggabungkan simbol Nazi, iaitu swastika.

Beberapa anugerah ketenteraan telah dizahirkan sebelum perang, termasuk pingat khidmat lama Wehrmacht, diikuti dengan anugerah penyertaan dalam Perang Saudara Sepanyol dan pengilhakan Austria dan Sudetenland, berserta sejumlah besar pingat dizahirkan selepas permulaan Perang Dunia II pada 1939. Peraturan anugerah juga membenarkan pemakaian serentak pingat tentera, awam, dan politik pada mana-mana pakaian seragam tentera atau separa tentera Jerman Nazi.

Anugerah dan pingat kebesaran Nazi telah dihentikan selepas kekalahan Jerman Nazi pada Mei 1945, dengan paparan swastika diharamkan. Pada tahun 1957 Republik Persekutuan Jerman membenarkan veteran-veteran yang layak untuk memakai banyak anugerah era Nazi pada pakaian seragam tentera Bundeswehr, termasuk kebanyakan pingat keberanian dan kempen Perang Dunia II, simbol swastika telah dipadam. Ini menyebabkan penciptaan semula banyak anugerah dengan, sebagai contoh, lambang swastika digantikan dengan simbol three-leafed oakleaf cluster (kelompok tiga daun oak) pada pingat Iron Cross dan dengan tarikh 1939 pada pingat War Merit Cross. Selain itu, anugerah ketenteraan baru telah dicipta untuk perkhidmatan pasca perang oleh kedua-dua kerajaan Jerman Barat dan Jerman Timur.

Darjah dan pingat kebesaran
Darjah kebesaran negara
 Lencana dan reben Nama (Inggeris/Jerman) Tarikh zahir – tamat Deskripsi Jumlah kurniaan center|169x169px Order of the German EagleVerdienstorden vom Deutschen Adler 1 May 1937 – 8 May 1945 Awarded with and without swords The number of times the order was awarded is unknown. 120px|center Cross of Honour of the German MotherEhrenkreuz der Deutschen Mutter 1939 until 1945 Awarded to exemplary mothers who furnished Germany with Aryan children. Instigated by Adolf Hitler and bears his signature on the reverse. Awarded in three levels: bronze, silver, and gold The number of times the order was awarded is unknown. It is estimated that up until September 1941 there were a total of 4.7 million recipient mothers.

Pingat perang: pra-1939 
 Lencana dan reben Nama (Inggeris/Jerman) Tarikh zahar – tamat Deskripsi Jumlah kurniaan 120px|center Spanish CrossSpanien-Kreuz 14 April 1939 – 1940 Awarded with and without swords. Issued in bronze, silver, gold, and gold with diamonds. For service with the Condor Legion in Spain 26,116 total, for all classes 90px|center Condor Legion Tank BadgePanzertruppenabzeichen der Legion Condor September 1936 – autumn 1939(official decoration 10 July 1939) For tank instructors and maintenance personnel who served with the Condor Legion in Spain, 1936–1939 415

Pingat perang: 1939–1945
Anugerah ini telah dikurniakan oleh Wehrmacht dan Waffen-SS antara tahun 1939 dan 1945, semasa Perang Dunia II.
 Lencana dan reben Nama (Inggeris/Jerman) Tarikh zahir – tamat Deskripsi Jumlah kurniaan center|frameless|150px Star of the Grand Cross of the Iron CrossStern zum Großkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes 1 September 1939 – 8 May 1945 A higher class of the Grand Cross of the Iron Cross. A prototype was made, but the decoration was never formally instituted or awarded. 0 centre|120px Grand Cross of the Iron CrossGroßkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes 1 September 1939 – 8 May 1945 Awarded to victorious generals/field marshals of German forces and her allies. Hermann Göring, received the Grand Cross on 19 July 1940, the only recipient of World War II. 1 centre|125px Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Golden Oak Leaves, Swords and DiamondsRitterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes mit goldenem Eichenlaub, Schwertern und Brillanten 29 December 1944 – 8 May 1945 To be awarded after World War II to Germany's 12 greatest war heroes. Actually awarded only once, to Hans-Ulrich Rudel for continuous outstanding achievements and heroism 1 centre|125px Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves, Swords and DiamondsRitterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes mit Eichenlaub, Schwertern und Brillanten 28 September 1941 – 8 May 1945 For continuous bravery before the enemy or excellence in commanding troops after being awarded all preceding classes of the Knight's Cross/Iron Cross 27  centre|125px Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and SwordsRitterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes mit Eichenlaub und Schwertern 28 September 1941 – 8 May 1945 For continuous bravery before the enemy or excellence in commanding troops after being awarded all preceding classes of the Knight's Cross/Iron Cross 160 (159 German, 1 Japanese) centre|125px Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak LeavesRitterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes mit Eichenlaub 3 June 1940 – 8 May 1945 For continuous bravery before the enemy or excellence in commanding troops after being awarded all preceding classes of the Knight's Cross/Iron Cross 890 (882 German, 8 Axis allies) centre|125px Knight Cross of the Iron CrossRitterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes 1 September 1939 – 8 May 1945 Awarded for outstanding bravery in the face of the enemy and for brilliant service in command of troops. A requirement was the possession of the 1st and 2nd class of the Iron Cross. 7,318 centre|160px Golden Knights Cross of the War Merit CrossGoldenes Ritterkreuz des Kriegsverdienstkreuz 13 October 1944 – 8 May 1945 Awarded with and without swords. For outstanding contributions to the war effort 2 (Further recommendations not approved by the end of the war) centre|160px Knights Cross of the War Merit CrossRitterkreuz des Kriegsverdienstkreuz 19 August 1940 – 8 May 1945 Awarded with and without swords. For meritorious contributions to the war effort after being awarded all preceding classes of the War Merit Cross   German Cross in Gold with DiamondsKriegsorden des Deutschen Kreuzes in Gold mit Brillanten October 1942 – 8 May 1945 To be awarded for continuous bravery before the enemy or excellence in commanding troops (having already been awarded the German Cross in Gold). No awards were ever made. 0 centre|120px German Cross in GoldKriegsorden des Deutschen Kreuzes in Gold 28 September 1941 – 8 May 1945 For continuous bravery before the enemy or excellence in commanding troops (not justifying the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross but having already been awarded the Iron Cross 1st Class) 24,204 (24,190 German, 14 Axis allies) centre|120px German Cross in SilverKriegsorden des Deutschen Kreuzes in Silber 28 September 1941 – 8 May 1945 For significant performances in aiding the military war effort (Not justifying the Knight's Cross of either the Iron Cross or the War Merit Cross but having already been awarded the Iron Cross 1st Class or War Merit Cross 1st Class) 1,115  Honour Roll ClaspEhrenblattspange 30 January 1944 – 8 May 1945 Different designs for the army, navy and air forceAwarded to those who appeared on the Honour Roll for distinction in combat 4,556 (Army and Waffen-SS awards only) centre|110px Iron Cross (Kelas 1)Eisernes Kreuz 1. Klasse 1 September 1939 – 8 May 1945 For continuous bravery before the enemy or excellence in commanding troops after being awarded the Iron Cross 2nd class Both Littlejohn & Dodkins (p. 120) and Previtera (p. 322) indicate 'about 300,000'. Some estimates are higher. centre|100px Iron Cross (Kelas 2)Eisernes Kreuz 2. Klasse 1 September 1939 – 8 May 1945 For bravery before the enemy or excellence in commanding troops  130px|center 1939 Clasp to the Iron CrossSpange zum Eisernen Kreuz 1 September 1939 – 8 May 1945 An award of the Iron Cross, 1st or 2nd class for those who had already received the decoration in World War I 100,000+ centre|120px War Merit Cross (Kelas 1)Kriegsverdienstkreuz 1. Klasse 18 October 1939 – 8 May 1945 Awarded with and without swords. For meritorious contributions to the war effort after being awarded the War Merit Cross, 2nd class  with swords without swords centre|130px War Merit Cross (Kelas 2)Kriegsverdienstkreuz 2. Klasse 18 October 1939 – 8 May 1945 Awarded with and without swords. For meritorious contributions to the war effort  with swords without swords center|164x164px War Merit MedalKriegsverdienstmedaille 19 August 1940 – 8 May 1945 For lower-level civilian contributions to the war effort 

Pingat khidmat tentera
 Cross of Honour (1914–1918)Ehrenkreuz des Weltkriegs  Eastern MedalMedaille Winterschlacht im Osten  West Wall MedalSchutzwall-Ehrenzeichen1944 bar authorised Anschluss Medal|Anschluss Medal Memel Medal Sudetenland MedalPrague Castle Bar authorised center|139x139px 195px|center center|223x223px 99px|center 175px|center 195px|center

Pingat khidmat lama tentera
 Wehrmacht Long Service AwardWehrmacht-DienstauszeichnungAwarded to army, navy, and air forceGrades for 4, 8, 15, 25, and 40 Years of Service SS Long Service AwardSS-DienstauszeichnungenGrades for 4, 12, 18, and 25 Years of Service  

Lencana perisai lengan

 Perisai Narvik, 1940 Perisai Krimea, 1941–1942 Perisai Cholm, 1942 Perisai Demyansk, 1942 Perisai Kuban, 1943 Perisai Warsaw, 1944 Perisai Lapland, 1944–1945 90px|center 105px|center 90px|center 100px|center 108px|center 95px|center 100px|center

Cuff title kempen

 Crete Cuff Title, 1942 Africa Cuff Title, 1941–1943 Metz 1944 Cuff Title, 1944 Courland Cuff Title, 1944–1945 200px|center 200px|center 200px|center 200px|center

Lencana tentera dan separa tentera
Lencana perang Tentera Darat/
 Infantry Assault Badge General Assault Badge Close Combat Clasp Marksmanship Badge with lanyard Lencana Panzer Army Anti-Aircraft Badge Parachutist Badge Bandit-warfare Badge 90px|center 90px|center 90px|center90px|center90px|center 240px|center 90px|center 90px|center 90px|center 90px|center Balloon Observer's Badge Tank Destruction Badge  Sniper's Badge Wound Badge Army Mountain Guide Badge Driver Proficiency Badge   90px|center 90px|center 90px|center center|92x92px 95px|center 240px|center 

Lencana perang tentera laut

 High Seas Fleet Badge Destroyer War Badge Minesweeper War Badge Blockade Runner Badge Fast Attack Craft War Badge 90px|center 90px|center 90px|center 90px|center 90px|center U-boat War Badge Auxiliary Cruiser Badge Naval Artillery War Badge U-Boat Front Clasp Naval Front Clasp 110px|center 90px|center 90px|center 90px|center 110px|center

Lencana  dan pingat lain
 Combined Pilots-Observation Badge Pilot's Badge Parachutist Badge Anti-Aircraft Flak Battle Badge Ground Assault Badge of the Luftwaffe Observer Badge 90px|center 90px|center 90px|center 90px|center 90px|center 90px|center Glider Pilot Badge Radio Operator Badge & Air Gunner Badge Flyer's Commemorative Badge Aircrew Badge  Luftwaffe Flying Clasps 90px|center 90px|center 90px|center 90px|center 90px|center 100px|center

Luftwaffe mengekalkan dua anugerah tidak boleh dibawa (non-portable), iaitu "Piala Kehormat Luftwaffe" () dan "Piring Kehormat Luftwaffe" ().
Penerima kedua-dua anugerah ini secara automatik menerima Honour Roll Clasp Luftwaffe pada Januari 1944.
 Honour Goblet of the Luftwaffe  Honour Roll Clasp 110px|center 130px|center 95px|center

Pingat sukarelawan asing
 Blue Division Medal,Spain Medal for Gallantry and Merit for Members of the Eastern PeoplesIn various grades, with and without swordsKurt-Gerhard Klietmann: Auszeichnungen des Deutschen Reiches. 1936–1945. Motorbuch, Stuttgart 2002, . p. 57-59 Schalburg Cross,Denmark 5th Don CossackRegimental Cross 2nd Siberian CossackRegimental Cross 165px|center 80px|center 130px|center

Susunan keutamaan
Di dalam Wehrmacht, anugerah masa perang () diberi keutamaan berbanding anugerah masa aman.

 Grand Cross of the Iron Cross
 Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves (and higher)
 Golden Knights Cross of the War Merit Cross
 Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross
 Knight's Cross of the War Merit Cross
 German Cross
 Honour Roll Clasp
 Führer Commendation Certificate
 Honour Goblet & Plate of the Luftwaffe
 Iron Cross 1st Class
 War Merit Cross 1st Class
 Iron Cross 2nd Class
 Combat Clasp
 Numbered war badges
 Wound Badge
 Tank Destruction Badge
 Unnumbered war badges
 Campaign shields & cuff titles
 War Merit Cross 2nd Class
 Ostvolk Decoration
 Eastern Front Medal
 War Merit Medal
 Cross of Honour (1914–1918)
 Spanish Cross
 Qualification badges
 Long-service awards
 Commemorative medals
 West Wall Medal
 Foreign decorations

Lihat juga
 Pingat kebesaran politik Parti Nazi

 Nota 

 Rujukan 
Petikan

Bibliografi







Pautan luar
 WW2 German Medals and Awards Guide

Category:Pingat dan Darjah Kebesaran
Category:Nazi
Category:Jerman