Barangan pengguna tiruan

Barang pengguna tiruan (atau barangan pengguna tiruan, CFSI) ialah barangan, selalunya berkualiti rendah, dibuat atau dijual di bawah nama jenama lain tanpa kebenaran pemilik jenama. Penjual barangan tersebut boleh melanggar sama ada tanda dagangan, paten atau hak cipta pemilik jenama dengan menyerahkan barangannya seperti yang dibuat oleh pemilik jenama.Chaudhry, Peggy E., Zimmerman, Alan. The Economics of Counterfeit Trade: Governments, Consumers, Pirates and Intellectual Property Rights, Springer Science & Business Media (2009) Produk tiruan membentuk 5 hingga 7% daripada perdagangan dunia pada tahun 2013,"Challenging the Counterfeit Connector Conundrum", Connector Supplier, November 4, 2013"The spread of counterfeiting: Knock-offs catch on" Economist magazine, March 4, 2010 dan pada tahun 2014 menelan belanja kira-kira 2.5 juta pekerjaan di seluruh dunia,"Crackdown on counterfeiting", International Organization for Standardization (ISO), January 8, 2014 dengan sehingga 750,000 pekerjaan hilang di AS"Product counterfeiting puts consumer safety at risk" , Underwriters Laboratories (UL) Kira-kira 5% daripada barangan yang diimport ke Kesatuan Eropah pada 2013 ialah palsu, menurut OECD."Global trade in fake goods worth nearly half a trillion dollars a year - OECD & EUIPO", OECD, April 18, 2016"Knocked out by knock-offs: Counterfeit products, mostly from China, are hurting Indian brands", DNA India, January 31, 2018"How Chinese counterfeiting hurts India", Asia Times, June 26, 2018

Rujukan

Bacaan lanjut
 Sara R. Ellis, Copyrighting Couture: An Examination of Fashion Design Protection and Why the DPPA and IDPPPA are a Step Towards the Solution to Counterfeit Chic, 78 Tenn. L. Rev. 163 (2010), available at http://ssrn.com/abstract=1735745.
 Phillips, Tim. Knockoff: The Deadly Trade in Counterfeit Goods Kogan Page, U.K. (2006)
 Wilson, Bee. Swindled: The Dark History of Food Fraud, from Poisoned Candy to Counterfeit Coffee, Princeton University Press (2008)
 Ellis, D.I., Brewster, V.L., Dunn, W.B., Allwood, J.W., Golovanov, A. and Goodacre, R. (2012) Fingerprinting food: current technologies for the detection of food adulteration and contamination. Chemical Society Reviews, 41, 5706–5727. 
 Ellis, D.I., Muhamadali, H., Haughey, S.A., Elliott, C.T. and Goodacre, R. (2015) Point-and-shoot: rapid quantitative detection methods for on-site food fraud analysis – moving out of the laboratory and into the food supply chain. Analytical Methods. 7, 9401–9414.  http://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlehtml/2015/ay/c5ay02048d?page=search

 Share and share alike: the challenges from social media for intellectual property rights. UK Government: Intellectual Property Office. 2017. 99. 1–150. .
 Stroppa, A., & Stefano, D. D. (2016). Social media and luxury goods counterfeit: a growing concern for government, industry and consumers worldwide (pp. 1–50, Rep.) (B. Parrella, Ed.). Washington, D.C.: The Washington Post.

Pautan luar

National Food Safety and Toxicology Center The Counterfeit Food Scope and Threat Seminar at the Michigan State University
Food fraud and "economically motivated adulteration" of food and food ingredients at the Congressional Research Service
Fingerprinting food: Current technologies for the detection of food adulteration and contamination in the Chemical Society Reviews
Detecting Food Authenticity and Integrity, Royal Society of Chemistry themed collection
Point-and-shoot: rapid quantitative detection methods for on-site food fraud analysis – moving out of the laboratory and into the food supply chain
Through-container, extremely low concentration detection of multiple chemical markers of counterfeit alcohol using a handheld SORS device

Kategori:Kaedah pengesahan