Kanser pundi kencing

Kanser pundi kencing ialah mana-mana daripada beberapa jenis kanser yang timbul daripada tisu pundi kencing. Gejala termasuk darah dalam air kencing, sakit semasa membuang air kecil, dan sakit pinggang. Ia disebabkan apabila sel epitelium yang melapisi pundi kencing menjadi malignan.Heyes S.M., Prior K.N., Whitehead D., Bond M.J. Toward an Understanding of Patients' and Their Partners' Experiences of Bladder Cancer.  Cancer Nurs.. 2020;43(5):E254-E263. doi:10.1097/NCC.0000000000000718

Rujukan

Pautan luar


 Clinically reviewed bladder cancer information for patients, from Cancer Research UK
 Cancer.Net: Bladder Cancer
 EORTC calculator for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer risk stratification

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