Penumpuan pemilikan media

Penumpuan pemilikan media (juga dikenali sebagai penyatuan media atau konvergensi media) ialah proses dimana individu atau organisasi yang semakin sedikit mengendalikan peningkatan jumlah media massa.Steven, 2009: p. 19 Penyelidikan kontemporari menunjukkan peningkatan tahap penyatuan, dengan banyak industri media yang sangat tertumpu dan dikuasai oleh sebilangan kecil firma. 

Di seluruh dunia, konglomerat media besar termasuk Bertelsmann, National Amusements (Viacom Inc. dan CBS Corporation), Sony Corporation, News Corp, Comcast, The Walt Disney Company, AT & T Inc, Fox Corporation, Hearst Communications, MGM Holdings Inc., Grupo Globo Amerika Selatan) dan Kumpulan Lagardère. 

Setakat tahun 2018, konglomerat media terbesar dari segi pendapatan Comcast, Syarikat Walt Disney, AT&T, CBS Corporation dan Viacom per Forbes. 

Di negara-negara yang digambarkan sebagai autoritarian oleh kebanyakan pemikir kebangsaan dan NGO, pemilikan media pada umumnya sesuatu yang sangat dekat dengan kawalan negara yang lengkap mengenai maklumat secara langsung atau tidak langsung.   

 Nota 

Bibliografi




 Amelia Arsenault & Manuel Castells (2008) The Structure and Dynamics of Global Multi-Media Business Networks. International Journal of Communication. 












Pautan luar
 Global Issues.com
Who Owns What  by the Columbia Journalism Review
 Structure and Dynamics of the Global Multi-Media Business Networks Amelia Arsenault and Manuel Castells (2008) International Journal of Communication
Who Owns What on Television
Essay examining the reasons and consequences of media ownership
Campaign For Democratic Media  Canadian organization fighting for democratic media.
Free Press an organization opposing media ownership concentration
A visual representation of 25 years of media mergers and how the biggest media conglomerates in the United States came to be
Lasar's Letter on the Federal Communications Commission  Media ownership controversy timeline, 1996–2004
Media ownership study ordered destroyed
Media Conglomerates, Mergers, Concentration of Ownership
Media Ownership Chart by watchdog group MediaChannel
Why TV sucks A critique of the concentration thesis from the left
FCC Hearing on Media Consolidation, Seattle, Nov 2007 Video of public testimony
Treepex - Online Newspaper subcategory Increased concentration of media ownership has adverse effects on the pluralism of media output.
The Campaign for Press and Broadcasting Freedom (CPBF) – a UK-based organisation campaigning for open, accountable and democratic media
The Day That TV News Died – Pulitzer Prize–winning journalist Chris Hedges on corporate media control.

Kategori:Penumpuan pemilikan media