Industrial Light & Magic

Industrial Light & Magic (ILM) ialah sebuah syarikat kesan visual filem Amerika yang ditubuhkan pada Mei 1975 oleh George Lucas. Ia merupakan pembahagian syarikat penerbitan filem, Lucasfilm, yang diasaskan oleh Lucas, dan dicipta ketika Lucas memulakan produksi filem Star Wars. Ia juga merupakan syarikat pengasas asal studio animasi Pixar.

ILM berasal dari Van Nuys, California, kemudian pindah ke San Rafael pada tahun 1978, dan sejak tahun 2005 ia telah berpusat di Pusat Kesenian Digital Letterman di Presidio San Francisco. Pada tahun 2012, Syarikat Walt Disney memperoleh ILM sebagai sebahagian daripada pembelian Lucasfilm.

 Sejarah  

Lucas mahu filem 1977nya Star Wars menyertakan kesan visual yang tidak pernah dilihat pada filem sebelum ini. Selepas mendapati bahawa jabatan kesan dalaman di 20th Century Fox tidak lagi beroperasi, Lucas mendekati Douglas Trumbull, yang terkenal dengan kesan pada 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968) dan Silent Running (1972). Trumbull menolak kerana dia sudah komited untuk mengerjakan filem Steven Spielberg Close Encounters of the Third Kind (1977), tetapi mencadangkan pembantunya John Dykstra kepada Lucas. Dykstra mengumpulkan sekumpulan kecil pelajar kolej, artis dan jurutera, dan menempatkan mereka di sebuah gudang di Van Nuys, California. Selepas melihat peta lokasi telah dizonkan sebagai industri ringan, Lucas menamakan kumpulan Industrial Light and Magic, yang menjadi jabatan Kesan Visual Khas pada Star Wars. Di samping Dykstra, ahli terkemuka lain pasukan ILM asal ialah Ken Ralston, Richard Edlund, Dennis Muren, Joe Johnston, Phil Tippett, Steve Gawley, Lorne Peterson dan Paul Huston.


Sebagai tambahan kepada kerja mereka untuk George Lucas, ILM juga bekerjasama dengan Steven Spielberg dalam banyak filem yang diarahkan dan dihasilkannya. Dennis Muren telah bertindak sebagai Penyelia Animasi Komputer pada kebanyakan filem ini. Selain daripada kesan khas yang mencolok, syarikat itu juga mengusahakan kesan yang lebih halus—seperti melebarkan jalan, menambahkan lebih banyak tambahan secara digital pada syot dan memasukkan pelakon filem itu ke dalam rakaman sedia ada—dalam filem termasuk Schindler's List , Forrest Gump, Snow Falling on Cedars, Magnolia, dan beberapa filem diarahkan oleh Woody Allen.

Selepas kejayaan filem 'Star Wars' pertama, Lucas mula berminat untuk menggunakan grafik komputer pada sekuel. Dia menghubungi Triple-I, yang terkenal dengan kesan komputer awal mereka dalam filem seperti Westworld (1973), Futureworld  (1976), Tron (1982), dan The Last Starfighter yang akhirnya membuat ujian janaan komputer lima X-wing fighter s terbang dalam formasi. Dia mendapati ia terlalu mahal dan kembali kepada model buatan tangan. Walau bagaimanapun, ujian telah menunjukkan kepadanya bahawa ia mungkin, dan dia memutuskan untuk mencipta jabatan grafik komputernya sendiri. Akibatnya, mereka mula melabur dalam komputer Apple dan SGI. Salah seorang pekerja Lucas telah diberi tugas untuk mencari orang yang sesuai untuk diambil bekerja. Pencariannya akan membawanya ke NYIT, tempat dia menemui Edwin Catmull dan rakan sekerjanya. Catmull dan yang lain menerima tawaran kerja Lucas, dan bahagian komputer baharu di ILM telah diwujudkan pada tahun 1979 dengan pengambilan Ed Catmull sebagai pekerja NYIT pertama yang menyertai Lucasfilm./~ph/nyit/morrison/1970s.txt 1970's - School of Computer Science - Carnegie Mellon School of Computer Science John Lasseter, yang diupah beberapa tahun kemudian, bekerja dalam animasi komputer sebagai sebahagian daripada sumbangan ILM kepada Sherlock Holmes Muda. Kumpulan Grafik kemudiannya dijual kepada Steve Jobs, dinamakan Pixar Animation Studios, dan mencipta ciri animasi CGI yang pertama, Toy Story.

Pada tahun 2000, ILM mencipta format OpenEXR untuk pengimejan julat dinamik tinggi. ILM beroperasi dari hartanah yang tidak mencolok di San Rafael, California sehingga 2005. Syarikat itu dikenali penduduk tempatan sebagai The Kerner Company, nama yang tidak menarik perhatian, membenarkan syarikat itu beroperasi secara rahsia, justeru menghalang kompromi maklumat sensitif pada produksinya kepada media atau peminat.Rubin (2006); hlm. 253 Pada tahun 2005, apabila Lucas memutuskan untuk memindahkan lokasi ke Presidio San Francisco dan menumpukan pada kesan digital, pasukan yang diterajui pengurusan membeli lima bahagian kesan fizikal dan praktikal dan membentuk sebuah syarikat baharu yang merangkumi Teater George Lucas, mengekalkan nama "Kerner" sebagai Kerner Technologies, Inc. dan memberikan kesan fizikal untuk filem utama, selalunya bekerja dengan ILM, sehingga Bab 7 muflis pada tahun 2011. Pada tahun 2005, ILM memperluaskan operasinya ke Lucasfilm Singapura, yang juga termasuk cabang Singapura Lucasfilm Animation. Pada 2011, telah diumumkan bahawa syarikat sedang mempertimbangkan kemudahan berasaskan projek di Vancouver.Lucasfilm's Industrial Light + Magic Exploring Opening New Facility in Vancouver, The Hollywood Reporter Lokasi pertama Vancouver dibuka pada 2013 dan ILM membuka lokasi kedua di Vancouver pada 2017.

Pada tahun 2006, ILM mencipta IMoCap (Teknologi Tangkapan Gerakan Berasaskan Imej). Pada 2012, Disney membeli syarikat induk ILM, Lucasfilm, dan memperoleh ILM dalam proses itu. Disney menyatakan bahawa ia tidak mempunyai rancangan segera untuk menukar operasi ILM, tetapi mula memberhentikan pekerja menjelang April tahun depan. Berikutan penstrukturan semula LucasArts pada April 2013, ILM ditinggalkan lebihan kakitangan dan fakulti dikurangkan hanya berkhidmat di jabatan kesan visual ILM.  ILM membuka studio London yang beribu pejabat di daerah Soho di bandar itu pada 15 Oktober , 2014.

ILM telah menerima 16 Kesan Visual Terbaik Oscar dan 40 pencalonan tambahan. Ia juga telah menerima 24 Anugerah Saintifik dan Teknikal daripada Akademi Seni dan Sains Filem.

Pada 7 November 2018, ILM membuka bahagian baharu yang disasarkan kepada siri televisyen yang dipanggil ILM TV. Ia akan berpangkalan di studio baharu ILM di London seluas 47,000 kaki persegi dengan sokongan daripada lokasi syarikat di San Francisco, Vancouver dan Singapura. Pada Julai 2019, ILM mengumumkan pembukaan kemudahan baharu di Sydney, Australia. ILM ialah salah satu vendor kesan visual terbesar dalam industri filem dan mempunyai salah satu render farm terbesar (bernama Death Star) yang tersedia pada masa ini dengan lebih daripada 7500 nod.

 Pekerja dan pelanggan yang terkenal  

Photoshop pertama kali digunakan di Industrial Light & Magic sebagai program pemprosesan imej. Photoshop telah dicipta oleh Penyelia Kesan Visual ILM John Knoll dan abangnya  Thomas sebagai projek musim panas. Ia telah digunakan pada  The Abyss . The Knoll brothers menjual program itu kepada Adobe sejurus sebelum tayangan filem itu. . Thomas Knoll terus mengusahakan Photoshop di Adobe dan dipaparkan dalam pengebilan pada skrin percikan Photoshop. John Knoll terus menjadi penyelia kesan visual teratas ILM, dan merupakan salah seorang pengeluar eksekutif dan penulis  Rogue One: A Star Wars Story .    

Adam Savage, Grant Imahara dan Tory Belleci kemasyhuran  MythBusters  semuanya telah bekerja di Industrial Light & Magic.    Industrial Light & Magic juga terkenal dengan kerja komersial mereka. Pelanggan mereka termasuk  Energizer, Benson & Hedges,  Apple,  Nike, Coca-Cola, [Pepsi,  Budweiser, McDonald's, Nickelodeon dan syarikat lain. 

Pelakon Masi Oka bekerja pada beberapa produksi ILM utama sebagai pengaturcara, termasuk Revenge of the Sith, sebelum menyertai pelakon rancangan NBC Heroes sebagai Hiro Nakamura.<ref>< /ref>

Pengarah filem Amerika David Fincher bekerja di ILM selama empat tahun pada awal 1980-an. Pengarah filem Joe Johnston ialah artis kesan Visual dan Pengarah Seni. Pengarah Filem Mark A.Z. Dippé ialah seorang animator Kesan Visual yang mengarahkan Spawn yang dikeluarkan pada tahun 1997.

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 Tahun Filem Pengarah Pengedar Belanjawan Kutipan1970an 1977 Star WarsGeorge Lucas 20th Century Fox $11 juta $775.4 juta1980an 1980 The Empire Strikes Back Irvin Kershner 20th Century Fox $33 million $538.4 million 1981 Raiders of the Lost Ark Steven Spielberg Paramount Pictures $18 juta $389.9 juta Dragonslayer Matthew Robbins Paramount PicturesBuena Vista Pictures $18 million $14 million 1982 Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan Nicholas Meyer Paramount Pictures $11.2 million $97 million E.T. the Extra-TerrestrialSteven Spielberg Universal Studios $10 million $792.9 million The Dark Crystal Jim Henson and Frank Oz Universal Studios  $15 million $40 million Poltergeist Tobe Hooper Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer $10.7 million $121.7 million 1983 Return of the Jedi Richard Marquand 20th Century Fox $42.7 million $572.1 million Twice Upon a Time John Korty and Charles Swenson Warner Bros.colspan="2"  1984 Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom Steven SpielbergParamount Pictures $28.2 million $333.1 million Star Trek III: The Search for Spock Leonard Nimoy $16 million $87 million The NeverEnding Story Wolfgang Petersen Warner Bros. $27 million $100 million Starman John Carpenter Columbia Pictures $24 million $28.7 million 1985 The Goonies Richard Donner Warner Bros. $19 million $61.5 million Cocoon Ron Howard 20th Century Fox $17.5 million $85.3 million Back to the Future Robert Zemeckis Universal Studios $19 million $389.1 million Explorers Joe Dante Paramount Pictures $25 million $9.9 million Mishima: A Life in Four Chapters Paul Schrader Warner Bros. $5 million $502,758 Young Sherlock Holmes Barry Levinson Paramount Pictures $18 million $19 million Out of Africa Sydney Pollack Universal Studios $28 million $128.5 million Enemy Mine Wolfgang Petersen 20th Century Fox $29 million $12 million 1986 The Money Pit Richard Benjamin Universal Studios $10 million $54 million Labyrinth Jim Henson TriStar Pictures $27.68 million $11.6 million Howard the Duck Willard Huyck Universal Studios $37 million $38 million Star Trek IV: The Voyage Home Leonard NimoyParamount Pictures $21 million $133 million The Golden Child Michael Ritchie $25 million $79.8 million 1987 Harry and the Hendersons William Dear Universal Studios $16 million $49 million The Witches of Eastwick George MillerWarner Bros. $22 million $63.8 million Innerspace Joe Dante  $25 million Empire of the Sun Steven Spielberg $35 million $22.2 million Batteries Not Included Matthew Robbins Universal Studios $25 million $65.1 million Spaceballs Mel Brooks Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer $22.7 million $38.1 million 1988 Willow Ron Howard Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer $35 million $57.3 million Who Framed Roger Rabbit Robert Zemeckis Buena Vista Pictures $58 million $329.8 million Caddyshack II Allan Arkush Warner Bros. $20 million $11.8 million Tucker: The Man and His Dream Francis Ford Coppola Paramount PicturesMetro-Goldwyn-Mayer $24 million $19.7 million Cocoon: The Return Daniel Petrie 20th Century Fox $17.5 million $25 million 1989 The 'Burbs Joe Dante Universal Studios $18 million $49 million Skin DeepBlake Edwards 20th Century Fox $9 million $19 million Field of DreamsPhil Alden Robinson Universal StudiosTriStar Pictures $15 million $84.4 million Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade Steven Spielberg Paramount Pictures $48 million $474.2 million Ghostbusters II Ivan Reitman Columbia Pictures $37 million $215.4 million The AbyssJames Cameron 20th Century Fox $70 million $90 million Back to the Future Part II Robert ZemeckisUniversal Studios $40 million $332 million Always Steven Spielberg $31 million $74 million1990an 1990 The Hunt for Red October John McTiernan Paramount Pictures $30 million $200.5 million Joe Versus the VolcanoJohn Patrick Shanley Warner Bros. $25 million $39 million Back to the Future Part III Robert Zemeckis Universal Studios $40 million $244.5 million Total Recall Paul Verhoeven TriStar Pictures $50 million $300 million Die Hard 2 Renny Harlin 20th Century Fox $70 million $240 million Ghost Jerry Zucker Paramount Pictures $22 million $505.7 million Arachnophobia Frank Marshall Buena Vista Pictures $31 million $53.2 million Dreams Akira Kurosawa and Ishirō Honda Warner Bros. $12 million  The Godfather Part III Francis Ford CoppolaParamount Pictures $54 million $136.8 million 1991 Flight of the Intruder John Milius $35 million $14 million The Doors Oliver Stone TriStar Pictures $38 million $34.4 million SwitchBlake Edwards Warner Bros. $15 million  Backdraft Ron Howard Universal Studios $75 million $152.3 million Hudson Hawk Renny Harlin TriStar Pictures $65 million $17.2 million The Rocketeer Joe Johnston Buena Vista Pictures $40 million $46.7 million Terminator 2: Judgment Day James CameronTriStar Pictures $94 million $519.8 million Hook Steven Spielberg $70 million $300.9 million Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country Nicholas Meyer Paramount Pictures $27 million $96.9 million 1992 Memoirs of an Invisible Man John Carpenter Warner Bros. $40 million $14.4 million Death Becomes Her Robert Zemeckis Universal Studios $55 million $149 million 1993 Alive Frank Marshall Buena Vista PicturesUnited International Pictures $32 million $36.7 million Fire in the Sky Robert Lieberman Paramount Pictures $15 million $19.9 million Jurassic Park Steven Spielberg Universal Studios $63 million $1.029 billion Last Action Hero John McTiernan Columbia Pictures $85 million $137.3 million Rising Sun Philip Kaufman 20th Century Fox $35 million $107.2 million The Meteor ManRobert Townsend Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer $30 million $8 million Manhattan Murder Mystery Woody Allen TriStar Pictures $13.5 million $11 million Malice Harold Becker Columbia Pictures $20 million $46 million The Nutcracker Emile Ardolino Warner Bros. $19 million $2 million Schindler's List Steven Spielberg Universal Studios $22 million $321.2 million 1994 The Hudsucker Proxy Joel and Ethan Coen Warner Bros.Universal Studios $25 million $2.8 million Forrest Gump Robert Zemeckis Paramount Pictures $55 million $677.9 million Maverick Richard Donner Warner Bros. $75 million $183 million The Flintstones Brian Levant Universal Studios $46 million $341.6 million Wolf Mike Nichols Columbia Pictures  $131 million Baby's Day Out Patrick Read Johnson 20th Century Fox $48 million $16.8 million The Mask Chuck Russell New Line Cinema $23 million $351.6 million Radioland Murders Mel Smith Universal Studios $15 million $1.3 million Disclosure Barry Levinson Warner Bros. $55 million $214 million Star Trek Generations David Carson Paramount Pictures $35 million $118 million 1995 In the Mouth of Madness John Carpenter New Line Cinema $8 million $8.9 million Village of the Damned Universal Studios $22 million $9.4 million Congo Frank Marshall Paramount Pictures $50 million $152 million The Indian in the Cupboard Frank Oz Paramount PicturesColumbia Pictures $45 million $35 million Casper Brad Silberling Universal Studios $55 million $287.9 million Jumanji Joe Johnston TriStar Pictures $65 million $262.8 million The American President Rob Reiner Columbia PicturesUniversal Studios $62 million $107 million Sabrina Sydney Pollack Paramount Pictures $50 million $53 million 1996 Twister Jan de Bont Warner Bros.Universal Studios $92 million $494.4 million Mission: Impossible Brian De Palma Paramount Pictures $80 million $457.7 million Dragonheart Rob Cohen Universal Studios $57 million $115 million Eraser Chuck Russell Warner Bros. $100 million $242.3 million The Trigger EffectDavid Koepp Gramercy PicturesUniversal Studios $8 million $3 million SleepersBarry Levinson Warner Bros.Buena Vista Pictures $44 million $165.6 million Star Trek: First Contact Jonathan Frakes Paramount Pictures $45 million $146 million 101 Dalmatians Stephen Herek Buena Vista Pictures $75 million $320.6 million Daylight Rob Cohen Universal Studios $80 million $159.2 million Mars Attacks! Tim Burton Warner Bros. $70 million $101.3 million 1997 The Lost World: Jurassic Park Steven Spielberg  Universal Studios $75 million $618.6 million Speed 2: Cruise Control Jan de Bont 20th Century Fox $110 million $164.5 million Men in Black Barry Sonnenfeld Columbia Pictures $90 million $589.4 million Contact Robert Zemeckis Warner Bros. $90 million $171.1 million Spawn Mark A.Z. Dippé New Line Cinema $40 million $87.8 million Starship Troopers Paul Verhoeven TriStar PicturesBuena Vista Pictures $105 million $121.2 million Midnight in the Garden of Good and Evil Clint Eastwood Warner Bros. $30 million $25.1 million Flubber Les Mayfield Buena Vista Pictures $80 million $177.9 million Amistad Steven Spielberg DreamWorks Pictures $36 million $44.2 million Deconstructing HarryWoody Allen Fine Line FeaturesHollywood Pictures $20 million $10 million TitanicJames Cameron Paramount Pictures20th Century Fox $200 million $2.187 billion 1998 Deep Rising Stephen Sommers Buena Vista PicturesCinergi Pictures $45 million $11.2 million Mercury Rising Harold Becker Universal Studios $60 million $93 million Deep Impact Mimi Leder Paramount PicturesDreamWorks Pictures $80 million $349.4 million Small Soldiers Joe Dante DreamWorks PicturesUniversal Studios $40 million $54.7 million Saving Private Ryan Steven Spielberg DreamWorks PicturesParamount Pictures $70 million $481.8 million Snake Eyes Brian De Palma Paramount PicturesBuena Vista Pictures $73 million $103.8 million Reach the Rock William Ryan Gramercy Pictures  $4,960 Meet Joe Black Martin Brest Universal Studios $90 million $142 million CelebrityWoody Allen Miramax Films $12 million $5 million Jack Frost Troy Miller Warner Bros. $85 million $34.6 million Mighty Joe Young Ron Underwood Buena Vista Pictures $90 million $50 million 1999 October Sky Joe Johnston Universal Studios $25 million $34.7 million The Mummy Stephen Sommers $80 million $415.9 million Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom MenaceGeorge Lucas 20th Century Fox $115 million $1.027 billion Wild Wild West Barry Sonnenfeld Warner Bros. $170 million $222.1 million The Haunting Jan de Bont DreamWorks Pictures $80 million $177.3 million Deep Blue Sea Renny Harlin Warner Bros. $60 million $164.6 million Bringing Out the Dead Martin Scorsese Paramount PicturesBuena Vista Pictures $55 million $16.8 million Sleepy Hollow Tim Burton Paramount Pictures $100 million $206 million The Green MileFrank Darabont Warner Bros. $60 million $290.7 million MagnoliaPaul Thomas Anderson New Line Cinema $37 million $48.5 million Snow Falling on Cedars Scott Hicks Universal Studios $35 million $23 million Galaxy Quest Dean Parisot DreamWorks Pictures $45 million $90.7 million2000an 2000 Sweet and LowdownWoody Allen Sony Pictures Classics  $4 million Mission to Mars Brian De Palma Buena Vista Pictures $100 million $110.9 million The Perfect Storm Wolfgang Petersen Warner Bros. $120 million $328.7 million The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle Des McAnuff Universal Studios $76 million $35 million Space Cowboys Clint Eastwood Warner Bros. $60 million $128.9 million Pollock Ed Harris Sony Pictures Classics  $10 million Pay It Forward Mimi LederWarner Bros. $40 million $55 million 2001 The Pledge Sean Penn $35 million $29.4 million Sweet November Pat O'Connor $40 million $65 million The Mummy ReturnsStephen Sommers Universal Studios $98 million $433 million Pearl Harbor Michael Bay Buena Vista Pictures $140 million $449.2 million A.I. Artificial IntelligenceSteven Spielberg Warner Bros.DreamWorks Pictures $100 million $235.9 million Jurassic Park III Joe Johnston Universal Studios $93 million $368.8 million Planet of the Apes Tim Burton 20th Century Fox $100 million $362.2 million Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone Chris Columbus Warner Bros. $125 million $974.8 million The Majestic Frank Darabont $72 million $37.3 million 2002 Impostor Gary Fleder Dimension Films $40 million $8 million The Time Machine Simon Wells DreamWorks PicturesWarner Bros. $80 million $123.7 million Big Trouble Barry Sonnenfeld Buena Vista Pictures $40 million $8.5 million Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the ClonesGeorge Lucas 20th Century Fox $115 million $649.4 million The Bourne Identity Doug Liman Universal Studios $60 million $214 million Minority Report Steven Spielberg DreamWorks Pictures20th Century Fox $102 million $358.4 million Men in Black II Barry Sonnenfeld Columbia Pictures $140 million $441.8 million K-19: The Widowmaker Kathryn Bigelow Paramount Pictures $100 million $65.7 million SignsM. Night Shyamalan Buena Vista Pictures $72 million $408.2 million Blood WorkClint Eastwood $50 million $31 million Punch-Drunk LovePaul Thomas Anderson Columbia Pictures $25 million $24.7 million Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets Chris Columbus Warner Bros. $100 million $879 million Gangs of New York Martin Scorsese Miramax Films $97 million $193.8 million 2003 Tears of the Sun Antoine Fuqua Columbia Pictures $100.5 million $86.5 million The Hunted William Friedkin Paramount PicturesRedbus Film Distribution $55 million $45 million Dreamcatcher Lawrence Kasdan Warner Bros. $68 million $75.7 million Hulk Ang Lee Universal Studios $137 million $245.4 million Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines Jonathan Mostow Warner Bros.Columbia Pictures $187 million $433.4 million Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl Gore Verbinski Buena Vista Pictures $140 million $654.3 million The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen Stephen Norrington 20th Century Fox $78 million $179.3 million Once Upon a Time in MexicoRobert Rodriguez Columbia PicturesDimension Films $28 million $98.1 million Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World Peter Weir 20th Century FoxUniversal Studios $150 million $212 million Timeline Richard Donner Paramount Pictures $80 million $34 million Stuck on YouPeter and Robert Farrelly 20th Century Fox $55 million $65 million Peter Pan P. J. Hogan Universal StudiosColumbia Pictures $130 million $122 million 2004 Along Came PollyJohn Hamburg Universal Studios $42 million $171 million Twisted Philip Kaufman Paramount Pictures $50 million $41 million Hidalgo Joe Johnston Buena Vista Pictures $40 million $108.1 million Van HelsingStephen Sommers Universal Studios $160 million $300.3 million The Day After Tomorrow Roland Emmerich 20th Century Fox $125 million $544.3 million Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban Alfonso Cuarón Warner Bros. $130 million $796.7 million The Chronicles of RiddickDavid TwohyUniversal Studios $105 million $115.8 million The Bourne Supremacy Paul Greengrass $75 million $288.5 million The VillageM. Night Shyamalan Buena Vista Pictures $60 million $256.7 million Sky Captain and the World of TomorrowKerry Conran Paramount Pictures $70 million $58 million Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events Brad Silberling Paramount PicturesDreamWorks Pictures $140 million $209.1 million 2005 Are We There Yet? Brian Levant Columbia Pictures $32 million $97 million Son of the Mask Lawrence Guterman New Line Cinema $84 million $57.6 million The Pacifier Adam Shankman Buena Vista Pictures $56 million $198.6 million ErosWong Kar-wai, Steven Soderbergh and Michelangelo Antonioni Warner Independent PicturesArtificial Eye  $1 million The Amityville Horror Andrew Douglas Metro-Goldwyn-MayerDimension Films $19 million $108 million XXX: State of the Union Lee Tamahori Columbia Pictures $87 million $71 million Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the SithGeorge Lucas 20th Century Fox $113 million $848.8 million The Adventures of Sharkboy and Lavagirl in 3-D Robert Rodriguez Dimension FilmsColumbia Pictures $50 million $69.4 million Herbie: Fully Loaded Angela Robinson Buena Vista Pictures $50 million $144.1 million War of the Worlds Steven Spielberg Paramount PicturesDreamWorks Pictures $132 million $591.7 million The Island Michael Bay DreamWorks PicturesWarner Bros. $126 million $162.9 million Jarhead Sam Mendes Universal Studios $72 million $96.9 million Chicken Little Mark Dindal Buena Vista Pictures $150 million $314.4 million Rent Chris Columbus Columbia Pictures $40 million $31.6 million Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire Mike Newell Warner Bros. $150 million $896.9 million The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe Andrew Adamson Buena Vista Pictures $180 million $745 million Munich Steven Spielberg Universal StudiosDreamWorks Pictures $70 million $130.4 million Cheaper by the Dozen 2 Adam Shankman 20th Century Fox $60 million $129.1 million 2006 Eight Below Frank Marshall Buena Vista Pictures $40 million $120.4 million Mission: Impossible III J. J. Abrams Paramount Pictures $150 million $397.9 million Poseidon Wolfgang Petersen Warner Bros. $160 million $181.7 million Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest Gore Verbinski Buena Vista Pictures $225 million $1.066 billion Lady in the WaterM. Night Shyamalan Warner Bros. $70 million $72.8 million Eragon Stefen Fangmeier 20th Century Fox $100 million $249.5 million 2007 Pirates of the Caribbean: At World's End Gore Verbinski Buena Vista Pictures $300 million $963.4 million Evan Almighty Tom Shadyac Universal Studios $175 million $173.4 million Transformers Michael Bay DreamWorks PicturesParamount Pictures $150 million $709.7 million Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix David Yates Warner Bros. $150 million $939.9 million Rush Hour 3 Brett Ratner New Line Cinema $140 million $258 million Lions for Lambs Robert Redford Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer20th Century Fox $35 million $63.2 million National Treasure: Book of Secrets Jon Turteltaub Walt Disney StudiosMotion Pictures $130 million $457.4 million There Will Be BloodPaul Thomas Anderson Paramount VantageMiramax Films $25 million $76.2 million 2008 The Spiderwick Chronicles Mark WatersParamount Pictures $90 million $162 million Iron Man Jon Favreau $140 million $585.2 million Speed RacerThe Wachowski Brothers Warner Bros.  $120 million $93.9 million Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull Steven Spielberg Paramount Pictures $185 million $786.6 million The HappeningM. Night Shyamalan 20th Century Fox $48 million $163.4 million WALL-E Andrew StantonWalt Disney StudiosMotion Pictures $180 million $521.3 million Miracle at St. Anna Spike Lee $45 million $9.3 million The Tale of Despereaux Sam Fell and Robert Stevenhagen Universal Studios $60 million $86.9 million 2009 Confessions of a Shopaholic P. J. Hogan Walt Disney StudiosMotion Pictures  $108.3 million Star Trek J. J. Abrams Paramount Pictures $150 million $385.7 million Terminator Salvation McG Warner Bros.Columbia Pictures $200 million $371.4 million Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen Michael Bay DreamWorks PicturesParamount Pictures $200 million $836.3 million Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince David Yates Warner Bros. $250 million $934.4 million AvatarJames Cameron 20th Century Fox $237 million $2.788 billion2010an 2010 Iron Man 2 Jon FavreauParamount Pictures $200 million $623.9 million The Last AirbenderM. Night Shyamalan $150 million $319.7 million 2011 I Am Number Four D. J. Caruso Walt Disney StudiosMotion Pictures $50 million $149.9 million Rango Gore Verbinski Paramount Pictures $135 million $245.7 million Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides Rob Marshall Walt Disney StudiosMotion Pictures $378.5 million $1.046 billion Super 8J. J. AbramsParamount Pictures $50 million $260.1 million Transformers: Dark of the Moon Michael Bay $195 million $1.124 billion Cowboys & Aliens Jon Favreau Universal StudiosParamount Pictures $163 million $174 million Hugo Martin ScorseseParamount Pictures $150 million $185.8 million Mission: Impossible – Ghost Protocol Brad Bird $145 million $694.7 million 2012 Red Tails Anthony Hemingway 20th Century Fox $58 million $50.4 million The Avengers Joss Whedon Walt Disney StudiosMotion Pictures $220 million $1.520 billion Battleship Peter Berg Universal Studios $220 million $303 million Cloud AtlasLana Wachowski, Tom Tykwer and Andy Wachowski Warner Bros. $128.5 million $130.5 million 2013 Identity Thief Seth Gordon Universal Studios $35 million $174 million G.I. Joe: Retaliation Jon M. ChuParamount Pictures $130 million $375.7 million Pain & Gain Michael Bay $26 million $86.2 million The Great Gatsby Baz Luhrmann Warner Bros. $105 million $351 million Star Trek Into Darkness J. J. Abrams Paramount Pictures $185 million $467.4 million Now You See Me Louis Leterrier Universal Studios $75 million $351.7 million The Lone Ranger Gore Verbinski Walt Disney StudiosMotion Pictures $225 million $260.5 million Pacific Rim Guillermo del Toro Warner Bros. $190 million $411 million RED 2 Dean Parisot Summit Entertainment $84 million $148.1 million ElysiumNeill Blomkamp TriStar Pictures $115 million $286.1 million Lone SurvivorPeter Berg Universal Studios $49 million $149.3 million 2014 Noah Darren Aronofsky Paramount Pictures $125 million $362.6 million Captain America: The Winter Soldier Anthony and Joe Russo Walt Disney StudiosMotion Pictures $170 million $714.4 million Transformers: Age of Extinction Michael Bay Paramount Pictures $210 million $1.104 billion Lucy Luc Besson Universal Studios $40 million $463.4 million Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles Jonathan Liebesman Paramount Pictures $125 million $493.3 million Unbroken Angelina Jolie Universal Studios $65 million $163.3 million 2015 Strange Magic Gary Rydstrom Walt Disney StudiosMotion Pictures  $13.6 million Avengers: Age of Ultron Joss Whedon $279.9 million $1.405 billion Tomorrowland Brad Bird $190 million $209.2 million Jurassic World Colin Trevorrow Universal Studios $150 million $1.670 billion Terminator Genisys Alan Taylor Paramount Pictures $155 million $440.6 million Ant-Man Peyton Reed Walt Disney StudiosMotion Pictures $130 million $519.3 million Hitman: Agent 47 Aleksander Bach20th Century Fox $35 million $82.3 million The Martian Ridley Scott $108 million $630.2 million Paranormal Activity: The Ghost Dimension Gregory Plotkin Paramount Pictures $10 million $78.1 million Spectre Sam Mendes Metro-Goldwyn-MayerColumbia Pictures $250 million $880.7 million Star Wars: The Force Awakens J. J. Abrams Walt Disney StudiosMotion Pictures $200 million $2.068 billion The Revenant Alejandro G. Iñárritu 20th Century Fox $135 million $533 million The Big Short Adam McKay Paramount Pictures $28 million $133.4 million 2016 13 Hours: The Secret Soldiers of Benghazi Michael Bay Paramount Studios $50 million $69.4 million Captain America: Civil War Anthony and Joe Russo Walt Disney StudiosMotion Pictures $250 million $1.153 billion Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Out of the Shadows Dave Green Paramount Pictures $135 million $245.6 million Warcraft Duncan Jones Universal Studios $160 million $433.7 million Deepwater Horizon Peter Berg Summit Entertainment$110 million$121.7 million  Doctor Strange Scott DerricksonWalt Disney StudiosMotion Pictures $165 million $677.6 million Rogue One: A Star Wars Story Gareth Edwards $200 million  $1.056 billion Silence Martin Scorsese Paramount Pictures $40 million $23.7 million 2017 The Great Wall Zhang Yimou Universal Studios $150 million $334 million  Life Daniel Espinosa Sony Pictures $58 million $100.5 million Kong: Skull Island Jordan Vogt-Roberts Warner Bros. $185 million $566 million The Mummy Alex Kurtzman Universal Studios $125 million $409 million Transformers: The Last Knight Michael Bay Paramount Pictures $260 million $605 million Spider-Man: Homecoming Jon Watts Columbia Pictures $175 million $879 million Valerian and the City of a Thousand Planets Luc Besson EuropaCorp $209 million $225 million Mother! Darren Aronofsky Paramount Pictures $33 juta $41 juta Only The Brave Joseph Kosinski Sony Pictures $38 juta $2.1 juta Thor: Ragnarok Taika WaititiWalt Disney StudiosMotion Pictures $180 juta  Star Wars: The Last Jedi Rian Johnson $200 juta  Downsizing Alexander Payne Paramount Pictures $76 juta colspan"1" 2018/2019 2018 Black Panther Ryan CooglerWalt Disney StudiosMotion Pictures colspan="2"  A Wrinkle in Time Ava DuVernay $103 juta  Ready Player One Steven Spielberg Warner Bros. colspan="2"  Avengers: Infinity War Anthony and Joe RussoWalt Disney StudiosMotion Pictures colspan="2"  Solo: A Star Wars Story Ron Howard colspan="2"  Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom J.A. BayonaUniversal Studios $260 juta colspan"1"  Skyscraper Rawson M. Thurber colspan="2"  Monster Hunt 2 Raman Hui Edko Film/Lionsgate colspan="2" 2020an 2020/2021/2022Artemis FowlKenneth BranaghWalt Disney Studios$125 millionN/AMankDavid FincherNetflix$20–30 million$99,752We Can Be HeroesRobert RodriguezN/AN/AThe Midnight SkyGeorge Clooney$100 million$62,557Wish DragonChris AppelhansNetflixSony Pictures Releasing$25.9 jutaFinding 'OhanaJude WengNetflixTBATBAChaos WalkingDoug LimanLionsgate$100 juta$21.9 jutaComing 2 AmericaCraig BrewerAmazon StudiosParamount Pictures$60 millionN/AA Quiet Place Part IIJohn KrasinskiParamount Pictures$61 juta$293.5 jutaF9Justin LinUniversal Studios$200-225 juta$726.2 jutaBlack WidowCate ShortlandWalt Disney Studios$200 juta$379.6 jutaSpace Jam: A New LegacyMalcolm D. LeeWarner Bros.$150 juta$162.8 jutaMalignantJames WanWarner Bros.New Line Cinema$40 juta$30.3 jutaJungle CruiseJaume Collet-SerraWalt Disney Studios$200 juta$220.9 jutaFree GuyShawn LevyWalt Disney Studios (melalui 20th Century Studios)$100-125 juta$331.5 jutaNo Time To DieCary Joji FukunagaMetro-Goldwyn MayerUniversal Pictures$250 juta$774 jutaEternalsChloé ZhaoWalt Disney Studios$200 juta$401.6 jutaRed NoticeRawson Marshall ThurberNetflix$200 juta$2 jutaThe BatmanMatt ReevesWarner Bros.$100 jutaTBADoctor Strange in the Multiverse of MadnessSam RaimiWalt Disney StudiosTBAJurassic World: DominionColin TrevorrowUniversal Studios$165 jutaThor: Love and ThunderTaika WaititiWalt Disney StudiosMission: Impossible 7Christopher McQuarrieParamount PicturesBabylonDamien Chazelle2023Dungeons & DragonsJonathan Goldstein
John Francis DaleyThe Little MermaidRob MarshallWalt Disney StudiosMission: Imposssible 8Christopher McQuarrieParamount PicturesFilem kelima Indiana Jones tanpa tajukJames MangoldWalt Disney StudiosParamount Pictures 

 Akan datang 
TahunFilem Pengarah Studio dan Pengedar Anggaran Box office2023 Napoleon  Ridley Scott  Apple Studios TBA  Candy Cane Lane  Reginald Hudlin  Amazon Prime Video  Aquaman and the Lost Kingdom  James Wan  Warner Bros. Pictures  $205 juta 2024AtlasBrad PeytonNetflixTBAA Quiet Place: Day OneMichael SarnoskiParamount PicturesTBATwistersLee Isaac ChungUniversal Pictures$200 jutaDeadpool & WolverineShawn LevyMarvel StudiosTBAUltraman: RisingShannon TindleNetflixAlien: RomulusFede Álvarez20th Century StudiosTBATransformers OneJosh CooleyParamount Pictures/Paramount AnimationJoker: Folie à DeuxTodd PhillipsWarner Bros. Pictures$200 jutaWicked (Part One)Jon M. ChuUniversal Pictures$145 juta2025Filem kelapan tanpa tajuk Mission: ImpossibleChristopher McQuarrieParamount PicturesTBASupermanJames GunnWarner Bros. PicturesTBAWicked (Part Two)Jon M. ChuUniversal Pictures$165 jutaThe Electric StateAnthony and Joe RussoNetflixTBALilo & StitchDean Fleischer CampWalt Disney PicturesTBA 2026The Mandalorian & GroguJon FavreauLucasfilm Ltd.TBA

 Televisyen 
TahunTajuk2014–2015 Agent Carter musim 1 2024 Echo
 Masters of the Air

Rujukan

Pautan luar
  (with detailed information in PDF format)

 Alternative credits list from the Unofficial ILM site
 Small entry at Lucasfilm's site

Kategori:Syarikat penerbitan Amerika Syarikat