William Joseph Donovan

William Joseph ("Wild Bill") Donovan (1 Januari 1883 – 8 Februari 1959) adalah seorang jeneral Amerika, peguam, pegawai perisikan dan diplomat. Donovan lebih diingati sebagai ketua Pejabat Perkhidmatan Strategik (OSS), iaitu pelopor kepada Agensi Perisikan Pusat, semasa Perang Dunia II. Beliau juga dikenali sebagai "Bapa Perisikan Amerika" dan "Bapa Perisikan Pusat". "Agensi Perisikan Pusat menganggap Donovan sebagai pengasas utamanya," menurut wartawan Evan Thomas dalam profil Vanity Fair 2011. Ruang lobi ibupejabat CIA, di Langley, Virginia, kini mempunyai patung Donovan. Thomas menerangkan bahawa "eksploitasi Donovan adalah sangat mustahil tetapi sekarang di dokumenkan dengan baik dalam rekod masa perang yang didedahkan yang menggambarkan beliau seorang yang berani, mulia, tergesa-gesa, periang, kadangkala keterlaluan dan penuh tipu daya."

Seorang veteran Perang Dunia I yang cemerlang, Donovan merupakan satu-satunya orang yang telah menerima semua empat pingat tertinggi Amerika Syarikat: Iaitu Medal of Honor, Distinguished Service Cross, Distinguished Service Medal, dan National Security Medal.William J. Wild Bill Donovan, Major General, United States Army. Arlingtoncemetery.net; retrieved August 27, 2012. Beliau adalah penerima pingat Silver Star dan Purple Heart, serta anugerah-anugerah lain dari beberapa negara untuk khidmat baktinya dalam kedua-dua Perang Dunia.

Anugerah kebesaran
Anugerah A.S.
60pxMedal of HonorWaller 2011, p. 30.60pxDistinguished Service Cross60pxArmy Distinguished Service Medal berserta dua kelompok daun oak60pxSilver Star60pxPurple Heart berserta dua kelompok daun oak60pxNational Security MedalWaller 2011, p. 378.
Anugerah asing
60pxKnight, Légion d'honneur (Perancis) (Perang Dunia I)60pxCommander, Légion d'honneur (Perancis) (Perang Dunia II)60pxCroix de guerre with Palm and Silver Star (Perancis) (Perang Dunia I)60pxHonorary Knight Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire60pxKnight Grand Cross of the Order of St. Sylvester (Vatican) ()60pxOrder of the Crown (Itali) ()60pxCroce al Merito di Guerra (Itali)60pxCommander's Cross with Star of the Order of Polonia Restituta (Poland)60pxGrand Officer of the Order of Léopold of Belgium with Palm60pxCzechoslovakian War Cross (1939)60pxGrand Officer of the Order of Orange Nassau (Belanda)60pxGrand Cross of the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav (Norway)60pxKnight Grand Cross (First Class) of The Most Exalted Order of the White Elephant (Thailand)

Catatan Medal of Honor
Pangkat dan pasukan: Leftenan Kolonel, Tentera Darat A.S., Rejimen Ke-165 Infantri, Divisyen Ke-42. Tempat dan tarikh: Berhampiran Landres-et-St. Georges, Perancis, 14–15 Oktober 1918. Memasuki tentera di: Buffalo, N.Y. Lahir: 1 Januari 1883, Buffalo, N.Y. G.O., No.: 56, W.D., 1922.

 Kata-kata pujian: 
Lt. Col. Donovan personally led the assaulting wave in an attack upon a very strongly organized position, and when our troops were suffering heavy casualties he encouraged all near him by his example, moving among his men in exposed positions, reorganizing decimated platoons, and accompanying them forward in attacks. When he was wounded in the leg by machine-gun bullets, he refused to be evacuated and continued with his unit until it withdrew to a less exposed position.

Nota

Rujukan
 Waller, Douglas (2011). Wild Bill Donovan: The Spymaster Who Created the OSS and Modern American Espionage. New York: Free Press. .

Bacaan lanjut



 Duffy, Francis Patrick Fr. (1919). Father Duffy's Story, New York: George H. Doran Company. 







 Reilly, Henry J.; Heer, F.J. (1936). Americans All, the Rainbow at War: The Official History of the 42nd Rainbow Division in the World War.


 Troy, Thomas F (1981). Donovan and the CIA: A History of the Establishment of the Central Intelligence Agency, CIA Center for the Study of Intelligence.

Pautan luar










|-

|-

|-

Category:Kelahiran 1883
Category:Kematian 1959
Category:Orang Amerika
Category:Perang Dunia Kedua
Category:Kakitangan tentera Amerika Syarikat
Category:Ahli politik Amerika Syarikat
Category:Diplomat
Category:Perisik