Chester W. Nimitz

Chester William Nimitz (24 Februari 1885 - 20 Februari 1966) adalah seorang Laksamana Armada dalam Tentera Laut Amerika Syarikat. Beliau memainkan satu peranan besar dalam sejarah tentera laut Perang Dunia II selaku Panglima Tertinggi, Armada Pasifik Amerika Syarikat (CinCPac), bagi angkatan tentera laut A.S. dan Panglima Tertinggi, Wilayah Lautan Pasifik (CinCPOA), bagi tentera A.S. dan angkatan udara, laut dan darat pihak Bersekutu semasa Perang Dunia II. Beliau memimpin Armada Pasifik Amerika sejurus selepas Pearl Harbor sehingga tamat Perang Dunia Kedua. Pada tahun 1942 beliau mengambil alih kepimpinan Medan Pasifik Tengah dan memimpin usaha loncatan pulau melalui Gilberts, Marshalls, dan Marianas ke arah pulau asal Jepun.

Nimitz ialah pakar utama kapal selam dalam Tentera Laut A.S. serta merupakan Ketua Biro Navigasi Tentera Laut pada tahun 1939. Beliau berkhidmat sebagai Ketua Operasi Tentera Laut (CNO) dari tahun 1945 hingga 1947. Beliau merupakan Laksamana Armada terakhir Amerika Syarikat yang tinggal.


 Memorial dan legasi 
Selain penghormatan setem pos 50¢ dalam Siri Tokoh Hebat Amerika, banyak institusi dan lokasi berikut telah dinamakan sempena menghormati Nimitz:

 , kelas pertama dari sepuluh kapal pengangkut pesawat super berkuasa nuklear, yang telah ditauliahkan pada tahun 1975 dan masih berada dalam perkhidmatan
 Nimitz Foundation, established in 1970, which funds the National Museum of the Pacific War and the Admiral Nimitz Museum, Fredericksburg, Texas
 The Nimitz Freeway (Interstate 880) - from Oakland to San Jose, California, in the San Francisco Bay Area
 Nimitz Glacier in Antarctica for his service during Operation Highjump as the CNO
 Nimitz Boulevard - a major thoroughfare in the Point Loma Neighborhood of San Diego
 Camp Nimitz, a recruit camp constructed in 1955 at the Naval Training Center, San Diego
 Nimitz Highway - state route 92 in Honolulu, Hawaii near the Honolulu airport
 The Nimitz Library, the main library at the U.S. Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland
 Nimitz Drive, in the Admiral Heights neighborhood of Annapolis, Maryland
 Callaghan Hall (the Naval and Air Force ROTC building at UC Berkeley) containing the Nimitz Library (was gutted by arson in 1985)
 The town of Nimitz in Summers County, West Virginia
 The summit on Guam where Chester Nimitz relocated his Pacific Fleet headquarters, and where the current Commander U.S. Naval Forces Marianas (ComNavMar) resides, is called Nimitz Hill
 Nimitz Park, a recreational area located at United States Fleet Activities Sasebo, Japan
 The Nimitz Trail in Tilden Park in Berkeley, California
 The Main Gate at Pearl Harbor is called Nimitz Gate
 Admiral Nimitz Circle - located in Fair Park, Dallas, Texas
 Chester Nimitz Oriental Garden Waltz performed by Austin Lounge Lizards
 Admiral Nimitz Fanfare composed by John Steven Lasher (2014)
 Admiral Nimitz March composed by John Steven Lasher (2014)
 The Nimitz Building, Raytheon Company site headquarters, Portsmouth, Rhode Island
 Nimitz Road in Diego Garcia, British Indian Ocean Territory is named in his honor.
 Nimitz Place part of Havemeyer Park located in Old Greenwich, Connecticut was named in his honor along with many other World War II military personnel.
 Nimitz Hall is the Officer Candidate School barracks of Naval Station Newport, Newport, Rhode Island. The barracks was dedicated 15 March 2013.
 Nimitz-McArthur Building, Headquarters U.S. Pacific Command
 Nimitz Statue, designed by Armando Hinojosa of Laredo, is located at the entrance to SeaWorld in San Antonio, Texas.
 Fleet Admiral Chester W. Nimitz Statue , commissioned by the Naval Order of the United States, is situated near the bow of the  memorial on Ford Island, facing the  memorial. The statue was dedicated 2 September 2013.

 Sekolah 

 Nimitz High School, (Harris County, Texas)
 Nimitz High School, Irving, Texas
 Nimitz Junior High School, Odessa, Texas
 Chester W. Nimitz Middle School, Huntington Park, California
 Nimitz Middle School , Tulsa, Oklahoma
 Nimitz Middle School, San Antonio, Texas
 Nimitz Elementary School, Sunnyvale, California
 Chester W. Nimitz Elementary School, Honolulu, Hawaii
 Nimitz Elementary School , Kerrville, Texas

 Tarikh kenaikkan pangkat 
50px Kadet Akademi Tentera Laut Amerika Syarikat - Januari 1905
EnsainLeftenan MadyaLeftenanLeftenan KomanderKomanderKeptenO-1O-2O-3O-4O-5O-6 60px 60px 60px 60px 60px 60px7 Januari 190731 Januari 191031 Januari 191029 Ogos 19161 Februari 19182 Jun 1927
KomodorLaksamana MudaLaksamana MadyaLaksamanaLaksamana ArmadaO-7O-8O-9O-10O-11 60px 60px 60px 60px 60pxTidak disandang23 Jun 1938Tidak disandang31 Disember 194119 Disember 1944

 Komodor - pangkat yang tidak lagi digunakan dalam Tentera Laut Amerika Syarikat, sebelum ini dikhaskan untuk kegunaan masa perang dan tidak digunakan pada masa kenaikkan pangkat Nimitz ke Pegawai berbendera. Pada masa kini, Kepten yang dinaikkan pangkat ke gred gaji O-7 menjadi Laksamana Muda Rendah dan menggunakan singkatan pangkat RDML yang bertentangan dengan RADM, yang menandakan Laksamana Muda Kanan, O-8. Semasa perkhidmatan Laksamana Nimitz, satu-satunya pangkat yang sedia ada adalah Laksamana Muda, tanpa membezakan antara bahagian bawah dan atas.

 Laksamana Armada - pangkat ini menjadi tetap dalam Tentera Laut Amerika Syarikat pada 13 Mei 1946, satu pelantikan seumur hidup.

Pada masa kenaikkan pangkat Nimitz ke Laksamana Muda, Tentera Laut Amerika Syarikat tidak mengekalkan pangkat satu bintang (Komodor). Nimitz dengan itu telah dinaikkan pangkat secara terus dari Kepten ke Laksamana Muda. Melalui Pelantikan Kongres beliau melangkaui pangkat Laksamana Madya dan menjadi Laksamana pada Disember 1941.

Nimitz juga tidak pernah memegang pangkat Leftenan Madya, kerana beliau telah dilantik sebagai Leftenan penuh selepas tiga tahun perkhidmatan sebagai Leftenan Muda. Atas sebab-sebab pentadbiran rekod tentera laut Nimitz menyatakan bahawa beliau telah dinaikkan pangkat ke pangkat Leftenan Madya dan Leftenan pada hari yang sama.

 Darjah kebesaran dan pingat 

 Anugerah kebesaran tentera AS 
60pxNavy Distinguished Service Medal with three gold stars60pxArmy Distinguished Service Medal60pxSilver Lifesaving Medal60pxWorld War I Victory Medal with Secretary of the Navy Commendation Star60pxAmerican Defense Service Medal60pxAsiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal60pxWorld War II Victory Medal60pxNational Defense Service Medal with star

 Darjah kebesaran asing 
60pxUnited Kingdom - Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath60pxUnited Kingdom - Pacific Star60pxPerancis - Grand-Croix de la Légion d'honneur60pxFilipina - Philippine Medal of Valor60pxPhilippines - Liberation Medal with one bronze service star60pxNetherlands - Order of Orange-Nassau with Swords in the Degree of the Knight Grand Cross (Dutch: Ridder Grootkruis in de Orde van Oranje Nassau)60pxGreece - Grand Cross of the Order of George I60pxChina - Grand Cordon of Pao Ting (Tripod) Special Class60pxGuatemala -  Cross of Military Merit First Class (Spanish: La Cruz de Merito Militar de Primera Clase)60pxCuba - Grand Cross of the Order of Carlos Manuel de Cespedes60pxArgentina - Order of the Liberator General San Martín (Spanish: Orden del Libertador San Martin)60pxEcuador - Order of Abdon Calderon (1st Class)60pxBelgium - Grand Cross Order of the Crown (Belgium) with Palm (French: Grand Croix de l'ordre de la Couronne avec palme)60pxBelgium - War Cross with Palm (French: Croix de Guerre Avec Palme)60pxItali - Knight of the Grand Cross of the Military Order of Italy (Cavaliere di Gran Croce)60pxBrazil - Order of Naval Merit (Ordem do Mérito Naval)

 Bibliografi 

 "Some Thoughts to Live By," Chester W. Nimitz with Andrew Hamilton, ISBN 0-686-24072-3, reprinted from Boys' Life Magazine, 1966.
 Potter, E. B. Nimitz. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 1976. ISBN 978-0-87021-492-9.
 Potter, E. B., and Chester W. Nimitz. Sea Power. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1960. ISBN 0-13-796870-1.

 Pautan luar 




 National Museum of the Pacific War
 USS Nimitz Association
 Nimitz-class Navy Ships at Federation of American Scientists
 Nimitz State Historic Site in Fredericksburg, Texas
 "The Navy‘s Part in the World War," (26 Nov 1945) . A speech by Nimitz from the Commonwealth Club of California Records at the Hoover Institution Archives.
 Texas Navy hosted by The Portal to Texas History. A survey of the Texas Navy during the Texas Revolution and the Republic Era. Includes maps, sketches, a list of ships of the Texas Navy, and a chronology. Also includes photographs of 20th century U.S. Navy ships named after Texans or Texas locations. See photos of Chester Nimitz and the Nimitz hotel.

 Guide to the Chester W. Nimitz Papers, 1941-1966 MS 236 held by Special Collection & Archives, Nimitz Library at the United States Naval Academy

Kategori:Kelahiran 1885
Kategori:Kematian 1966
Kategori:Perang Dunia Kedua
Kategori:Kakitangan tentera Amerika Syarikat
Kategori:Pegawai 5 bintang AS