Parti Konservatif (United Kingdom)

Parti Konservatif, juga dikenali sebagai Parti Kesatuan dan Konservatif, merupakan parti berhaluan tengah-kanan dan kerap kali memenangi di dalam pilihan raya umum United Kingdom.

Pada pilihan raya umum United Kingdom 2017, Parti Konservatif memperoleh jumlah kerusi terbesar walaupun kehilangan majoriti untuk memerintah. Namun begitu, Parti Konservatif berjaya menubuhkan kerajaan campuran bersama Parti Kesatuan Demokratik (DUP) dari Ireland Utara. Parti ini merupakan antara dua parti yang paling berpengaruh di United Kingdom selain daripada Parti Buruh. Parti Konservatif merupakan parti kedua terbesar di Parlimen Scotland dan parti terbesar di Parlimen Ireland Utara. Parti Konservatif juga merupakan parti utama di Wilayah Seberang Laut Britain di Gibraltar.

Parti ini diketuai Kemi Badenoch terkini menggantikan Rishi Sunak  sejak 2 November 2024.

Sejarah

Keputusan pilihan raya

+ Parlimen United KingdomPilihan raya umumPemimpinUndiKerusikedudukanKerajaan # % # ±1835Sir Robert Peel261,26940.8%98 2 (Whig)1837Sir Robert Peel379,69448.3%41 2 (Whig)1841Sir Robert Peel379,69456.9%53 1 (Konservatif)1847The Earl of Derby205,48142.7%Termasuk Peelite42 1 (Whig)1852The Earl of Derby311,48141.9%Termasuk Peelite5 1 (Konservatif)1857The Earl of Derby239,71234.0%66 2 (Whig)1859The Earl of Derby193,23234.3%34 2 (Whig)1865The Earl of Derby346,03540.5%9 2 (Liberal)1868Pilihan raya pertama di bawah Akta Pembaharuan 1867.Benjamin Disraeli903,31838.4%18 2 (Liberal)1874Benjamin Disraeli1,091,70844.3%79 1 (Konservatif)1880The Earl of Beaconsfield1,462,35142.5%113 2 (Liberal)1885Pilihan raya pertama di bawah Akta Perwakilan Rakyat 1884 dan Akta Pengagihan Kerusi 1885.Lord Salisbury2,020,92743.5%10 2 (Liberal-Konservatif)1886Lord Salisbury1,520,88651.1%70 1 (Kesatuan Liberal)1892Lord Salisbury2,159,15047.0%49 2 (Liberal)1895Lord Salisbury1,894,77249.0%72 1 (Kesatuan Liberal)1900Lord Salisbury1,767,95850.3%5 1 (Kesatuan Liberal)1906Arthur Balfour2,422,07143.4%204 2 (Liberal)Januari 1910Arthur Balfour3,104,40746.8%109 2 (Liberal-Konservatif)Disember 1910Arthur Balfour2,420,16946.6%5 2 (Liberal-Konservatif)Bergabung dengan Liberal Unionist Party pada tahun 1912 dan membentuk Conservative and Unionist Party1918Pilihan raya pertama di bawah Akta Perwakilan Rakyat Tahun 1918 yang membenarkan kaum lelaki berumur 21 tahun dan keatas dan kaum perempuan berumur 30 tahun fmdan keatas boleh mengundi.Bonar Law3,472,73833.3%332 dipilih bersama Coupon108 1 (Liberal-Konservatif)1922Bonar Law5,294,46538.5%35 1 (Konservatif)1923Stanley Baldwin5,286,15938.0%86 1 (Buruh-Konservatif)1924Stanley Baldwin7,418,98346.8%124 1 (Konservatif)1929Pilihan raya pertama di bawah Akta Perwakilan Rakyat 1928 yang membenarkan kaum wanita berumur 21 tahun dan keatas mengundi.Stanley Baldwin8,252,52738.1%152 2 (Buruh-Konservatif)1931Stanley Baldwin11,377,02255.0%210 1 (Konservatif-Buruh Kebangsaan)1935Stanley Baldwin10,025,08347.8%83 1 (Konservatif-Buruh Kebangsaan)1945Winston Churchill8,716,21136.2%189 2 (Buruh)1950Winston Churchill11,507,06140.0%85 2 (Buruh)1951Winston Churchill13,724,41848.0%20 1 (Konservatif-Liberal Kebangsaan)1955Anthony Eden13,310,89149.7%22 1 (Konservatif-Liberal Kebangsaan)1959Harold Macmillan13,750,87549.4%21 1 (Konservatif-Liberal Kebangsaan)1964Sir Alec Douglas-Home12,002,64243.4%47 2 (Buruh)1966Edward Heath11,418,45541.9%48 2 (Buruh)1970Had umur rakyat Britain untuk mengundi digubal dari umur 18 hingga 20 tahun dan keatas di bawah Akta Perwailan Rakyat 1969.Edward Heath13,145,12346.4%80 1 (Konservatif)Februari 1974Edward Heath11,872,18037.9%33 2 (Buruh-Konservatif)Oktober 1974Edward Heath10,462,56535.8%20 2 (Buruh)1979Margaret Thatcher13,697,92343.9%62 1 (Konservatif)1983Margaret Thatcher13,012,31642.4%38 1 (Konservatif)1987Margaret Thatcher13,760,93542.2%21 1 (Konservatif)1992John Major14,093,00741.9%40 1 (Konservatif)1997John Major9,600,94330.7%171 2 (Buruh)2001William Hague8,357,61531.7%1 2 (Buruh)2005Michael Howard8,785,94132.4%32 2 (Buruh)2010David Cameron10,704,64736.1%108 1 (Konservatif-Liberal Demokratik)2015David Cameron11,334,92036.9%24 1 (Konservatif)2017Theresa May13,632,914 42.3%13 1 (Konservatif–DUP)2019Boris Johnson13,966,565 43.6%48 1 (Konservatif)

Nota

Hubungan diplomatik antara United Kingdom dan Malaysia
Menurut Tunku Zain Al-'Abidin ibni Tuanku Muhriz daripada IDEAS menyatakan beberapa orang pemimpin Parti Konservatif juga membantu Malaysia selepas Perang Dunia Kedua. Antaranya David Gammans dan Lord Marchwood berjasa menolong para pejuang kemerdekaan menentang Malayan Union.
Malaysia menandatangani Perjanjian Pertahanan Lima Negara dengan Perdana Menteri daripada Parti Konservatif Edward Heath. Perjanjian ini terus memberi manfaat kepada negara Malaysia. Margaret Thatcher dan John Major pernah melawat Malaysia semasa menjadi Perdana Menteri United Kingdom. Malangnya Tony Blair, bekas Perdana Menteri Parti Buruh hanya melawat Malaysia setelah pencen. Malah Tony Blair menyokong George W. Bush habis-habisan semasa mahu menjajah Iraq pada 2003.

Prinsip 1Malaysia juga menyamai konsep "Konservatisme Satu Negara (One Nation Conservatism)" yang diperkenalkan oleh Margaret Thatcher. Pada 1986, Margaret Thatcher  menyatakan dasar Penswastaan dipelajari dan dikuti dari Malaysia hingga ke Mexico.

Dasar liberalisasi pasaran di Britain yang dipelopori oleh Margaret Thatcher membawa kepada pembangunan yang pesat. Margaret Thatcher berjaya menyekat penganut fahaman sosialis dan marxist dalam pelbagai kesatuan sekerja yang cuba menghalang pembangunan.Eratkan hubungan dengan Parti Konservatif

 Rujukan 

Bibliografi



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Pautan luar

Conservatives.tv
Konservatif di Ireland Utara 
Konservatif di Scotland
Perlembagaan Parti Konservatif
conservative-party.net – Laman sesawang direktori Konservatif
Guardian Politics – Laporan Khas: Parti Konservatif
The Thatcher legacy 1979–2009 – Persidangan Antarabangsa

Kategori:Parti politik di United Kingdom
Kategori:Politik United Kingdom