Centrino

Centrino adalah salah satu daripada strategi pemasaran dari Intel, di mana sesebuah komputer riba perlu menggunakan pemproses, chipset papan induk dan kad wayarles yang diiktiraf oleh Intel. Intel menyatakan bahawa sistem yang berteraskan Centrino mempunyai prestasi yang lebih baik, jangka hayat bateri yang lebih lama dan capaian rangkaian tanpa dawai yang lebih bagus.

Untuk medapatkan label Centrino, penjual komputer riba wajib menggunakan ketiga-tiga bahagian yang diiktiraf Intel. Komputer yang menggunakan cuma CPU dan chipset sahaja sebaliknya akan diberi label Intel Core 2.

 Intel Centrino 
Wireless LANChipsetCentrinoProcessorCodenameRelease DateManufacturing 
TechnologyMicroarchitecture Intel 
Wireless 

Products800 SeriesCarmel Intel Pentium M Banias 2003 130 nm Intel P6 Dothan 200490 nm 900 Series Sonoma 2005 Napa Intel Core Duo/Solo Yonah 2006 65 nm Intel Core 2 Duo/Solo Merom Intel Core Santa Rosa Intel Core 2 Duo 2007 Penryn 2008 45 nm 4 Series Montevina 5 Series Calpella Intel Core i7/i7 Extreme Edition Clarksfield 2009 Intel Nehalem Intel Core i3/i5/i7 Arrandale 2010 32 nm 6 Series Huron River Intel Core i3/i5/i7/i7 Extreme Edition Sandy Bridge 2011 Intel Sandy Bridge 7 Series Chief River Intel Core i3/i5/i7/i7 Extreme Edition Ivy Bridge 2012 22 nm 8 Series Shark Bay Intel Core i3/i5/i7/i7 Extreme Edition Haswell  2013 Intel Haswell 9 Series ?  Broadwell  2014 14 nm 

 Pelaksanaan 
 Pelantar Carmel (2003) 
Pada bulan Mac 2003, Intel telah memperkenalkan generasi pertama pelantar Centrino dengan nama kod Carmel.

CentrinoPelantar CarmelSet cipsiri Intel 855 (nama kod Odem atau Montara dengan Intel Extreme Graphics 2), DDR-266 atau DDR-333.PemprosesIntel Pentium M (nama kod Banias atau kemudiannya Dothan) dengan 400 MT/s FSB, Soket 479.Rangkaian Tanpa-WayarIntel PRO/Wireless 2100B (nama kod Calexico) atau kemudiannya penyesuai Wi-Fi 2200BG mini-PCI (nama kod Calexico2).

Pada mulanya, pemerhati industri telah mengecam pelantar Carmel diatas kelembapan menyeragamkannya dengan IEEE 802.11g, kerana banyak pengeluar chip Wi-Fi bebas seperti Broadcom dan Atheros telah pun memulakan pengeluaran produk 802.11g. Intel membalas dengan mengatakan IEEE belum menyudahkan piawaian 802.11g semasa Carmel diperkenalkan, dan mereka cuma mahu melancarkan produk berdasarkan piawaian terakhir. Selepas piawaian 802.11g dimuktamadkan pada awal 2004, Intel telah melancarkan Intel PRO/Wireless 2200BG untuk menggantikan 2100. Pada masa yang sama, mereka memperkenalkan Dothan Pentium M untuk menggantikan Banias Pentium M. Pada mulanya, Intel hanya melancarkan chipset 855GM, yang mana tidak menyokong grafik luaran. Kemudiannya, barulah Intel memperkenalkan chip 855GME dan 855PM, yang menyokong grafik luaran pada laptop Centrino.

Walaupun menerima kritikan, pelantar Carmel berjaya diterima dengan baik oleh OEM dan pengguna. Carmel boleh mencapai atau melebihi kemampuan pelantar Pentium 4-M yang lama, dan membenarkan operasi komputer riba sehingga 4 ke 5 jam menggunakan bateri 48 W-h. Carmel juga membolehkan pengeluar merekabentuk komputer riba yang lebih nipis dan ringan kerana komponennya tidak membebaskan banyak haba, dan oleh itu tidak memerlukan sistem penyejuk yang besar.

 Pelantar Sonoma (2005) 

Intel menggunakan Sonoma sebagai nama kod generasi kedua pelantar Centrino yang diperkenalkan pada Januari 2005.
CentrinoPelantar SonomaSet cipsiri Intel Mobile 915 Express (nama kod Alviso dengan Intel GMA 900), DDR2-533.Pemprosespemproses Intel Pentium M (nama kod Dothan) dengan 533 MT/s FSB, Soket 479.Rangkaian Tanpa-WayarIntel PRO/Wireless 2200BG atau penyesuai Wi-Fi 2915ABG mini-PCI (kedua-duanya menggunakan nama kod Calexico2).

Set cip Mobile 915 Express, sebagaimana versi desktop, menyokong kebanyakan ciri baru seperti DDR2, PCI Express, Intel High Definition Audio, dan SATA. Malangnya, pengenalan kepada PCI Express dan Pemproses Pentium M yang lebih laju menyebabkan komputer riba yang dibina atas pelantar Sonoma mempunyai jangka hayat bateri yang lebih pendek daripada pelantar Carmel; komputer riba dalam pelantar Sonoma biasanya mencapai jangka hayat bateri antara 3.5 hingga 4.6 jam menggunakan bateri berkuasa 53 W-h.

 Pelantar Napa (2006) 
Nama kod Napa menandakan pelantar Centrino generasi ke-3, diperkenalkan pada Januari 2006 di Consumer Electronics Show musim sejuk. Pada mulanya pelantar ini hanya menyokong pemproses Intel Core Duo tetapi bermula 27 Julai 2006, ia turut menyokong pemproses yang terbaharu, Intel Core 2 Duo.

CentrinoPelantar NapaCip setSiri Intel Mobile 945 Express (nama kod Calistoga dengan Intel GMA 950), termasuk ICH7M southbridge.
 Menyokong RAM DDR2-533 dan DDR2-667 SO-DIMM.PemprosesPemproses - Socket M / Micro-FCBGA
 Pemproses Intel Core Solo, Core Duo (nama kod Yonah), atau
 Pemproses Intel Core 2 Duo (nama kod Merom) dengan 667 MT/s FSB untuk pelantar Napa terbaru, atau
 Pemproses Intel Core 2 Solo (nama kod Merom) dengan 553 MT/s FSB untuk pelantar Napa terbaru (Sep 2007).Rangkaian Tanpa-WayarPenyesuai Wi-Fi Intel PRO/Wireless 3945ABG mini-PCIe (nama kod Golan).
 Beberapa model baru (suku pertama 2007) untuk pelantar Napa mengandungi kad tanpa-wayar 4965AGN (a/b/g/draft-n) yang terbaru

Intel menggunakan penjenamaan Centrino Duo untuk komputer riba dengan pemproses dwi-teras ("Core Duo") dan ("Core 2 Duo") dan mengekalkan nama Centrino untuk komputer riba dengan pemproses teras tunggal ("Core Solo"). Sebahagian komputer riba Core Duo yang terdahulu masih menggunakan label Intel Centrino berbanding Centrino Duo seperti yang sepatutnya.

 Santa Rosa platform (2007) 

The codename Santa Rosa refers to the fourth-generation Centrino platform, which was released on Wednesday May 9, 2007.

CentrinoSanta Rosa platformMobile chipsetan Intel Mobile 965 Express series chipset (codenamed Crestline): GM965 with Intel's GMA X3100 graphics technology or PM965 with discrete graphics, and ICH8M southbridge, 800 MT/s front side bus with Dynamic Front Side Bus Switching to save power during low utilization.
 Intel Dynamic Acceleration (IDA), better Windows Vista Aero support.
 RAM supported for DDR2-533 and DDR2-667 SO-DIMM.
 EFI-compliant firmware, a successor to BIOS.
 optional NAND flash-memory caching branded as Intel Turbo Memory (codenamed Robson).Mobile processorProcessors - Socket P  / Micro-FCPGA / Micro-FCBGA
 an Intel Core 2 Duo (codenamed Merom) second generation processor with 800 MT/s FSB, or
 an Intel Core 2 Duo (codenamed Penryn) 45nm processor with 800 MT/s FSB and SSE4.1, which will add 47 new instructions to SSSE3. It was scheduled for release in January 2008Intel Previews a New Family of Power-Saving Chips - New York Times for Santa Rosa Refresh platform.Wireless networkan Intel WiFi Link 4965AGN (a/b/g/draft-n) mini-PCIe Wi-Fi adapter (codenamed Kedron).
 Wireless-N technology boasts a 5X speed increase, along with a 2X greater coverage area, and supports 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz signal bands, with enough bandwidth for high definition audio and video streams..
The Santa Rosa platform comes with dynamic acceleration technology, allowing single threaded applications to execute faster. When a single threaded application is running, the CPU can turn off one of its cores and overclock the active core. In this way the CPU maintains the same Thermal Profile as it would when both cores are active. Santa Rosa performs well as a mobile gaming platform due to its ability to switch between single threaded and multithreaded tasks. Santa Rosa Revealed, TrustedReviews Other power savings come from an Enhanced Sleep state where both the CPU cores and the chipset will power down.

The wireless chipset update was originally intended to include WWAN Internet access via HSDPA (3.5G), (codenamed Windigo) co-developed with Nokia.Intel Wireless Connectivity Roadmap, The RegisterIntel, NextGen feature Nokia chip, CNET After announcing a working partnership, both later retracted the deal citing the lack of a clear business case for the technology. Support for WiMAX (802.16) was originally scheduled for inclusion in Santa Rosa but appears to have been delayed until Montevina in 2008 .

It is branded as "Centrino Pro" when combined with the enhanced security technologies Intel introduced with vPro and "Centrino Duo" when they are not used. Santa Rosa officially dubbed Centrino Pro, engadget

 Montevina platform (2008) 
The codename Montevina refers to the fifth-generation Centrino platform, now formally named Centrino 2 to avoid confusion with previous Centrino platforms. It was scheduled for release at Computex Taipei 2008, which took place on June 3–7, 2008, but was delayed until July 15, due to problems with integrated graphics and wireless certification.

CentrinoMontevina platform Mobile chipsetan Intel Mobile 4 Express series chipset (codenamed Cantiga; GL40, GS45, GM45, PM45) with Intel's GMA X4500 graphics technology and ICH9M southbridge, 1066 MT/s (667 MT/s for GL40) front side bus. The GM45/GS45 graphics core is clocked at 533MHz and 380MHz for GL40, which contains ten unified shaders, up from the eight provided by GMA X3100.
 RAM support for DDR2-667, DDR2-800,  DDR3-800, DDR3-1066 SO-DIMM. (GL40 does not support DDR3-1066)
 NAND flash-memory caching branded as Intel Turbo Memory (codenamed Robson 2).
 Gigabit Ethernet LAN controllers 82567LM and 82567LF (codenamed Boazman).
 Main support for DisplayPort with an external connector attached to the motherboard along with full supplemental support of HDMI, DVI, and VGA standards.Mobile processorProcessors - Socket P / Micro-FCPGA / Micro-FCBGA
 a second-generation Intel Core 2 Duo (codenamed Penryn) 45nm processor with 800-1066 MT/s FSB with clock speeds ranging from 2 GHz to 3.06 GHz, also featuring SSE4.1 support, which adds 47 new instructions to SSSE3. It was planned to consume no more than 29W, compared to Merom's and first-generation Penryn's 34W TDP. But after release only a few models (P series) have 25W TDP and the rest (T series) still have 35W TDP, besides the Q series (Quad core) TDP is 45W.Wireless networkWireless Modules
 Intel Ultimate N WiFi Link 5300 mini-PCIe adapter (codenamed Shirley Peak 3x3) supporting up to 450Mbit/s, or
 Intel WiFi Link 5100 mini-PCIe adapter (codenamed Shirley Peak 1x2) supporting up to 300Mbit/s Rx / 150Mbit/s Tx, or
 Intel WiMAX/WiFi Link 5350 mini-PCIe adapter (code-named Echo Peak-P) supporting both WiMAX and up to 450Mbit/s Wi-Fi, or 
 Intel WiMAX/WiFi Link 5150 mini-PCIe adapter (code-named Echo Peak-V) supporting both WiMAX and up to 300Mbit/s Rx / 150Mbit/s Tx Wi-Fi 
It is branded as Centrino 2 vPro when combined with built-in security and manageability features technologies.

 Calpella platform (2009) 
The codename Calpella refers to the sixth-generation Centrino platform; it will be competing with the AMD Fusion platform. Though originally scheduled to premiere in Q3 2009 with the second iteration of Nehalem processors, Intel has stated that due to pressure from computer manufacturers, they will delay the release of the platform until at least October 2009 (Q4 2009) to allowed OEM partners to clear excess inventory for existing chips. This is believed to be spurred by the lowered demand due to the current unfavorable economic conditions.
CentrinoCalpella platformMobile chipsetan Intel Mobile Express Series 5 chipset with Intel's graphics technology that will allow for optimized decoding/encoding and editing/playback of H.264/MPEG-4 AVC video used in Blu-ray Discs and HD 1080p video, optimized for MPEG-2 (DVD) video playback and editing. 
 Intel QuickPath Interconnect support which directly connects to the CPU, removing the outdated FSB technology.
 Direct connect to DisplayPort with DPCP as with its predecessor along with legacy support for HDMI (and HDCP), DVI, and VGA.
 RAM supported for DDR3-800, DDR3-1066, DDR3-1333 and DDR3-1600 SO-DIMM.
 Solid-state drive or Hybrid hard drives support.Mobile processorProcessors - based on Intel Nehalem microarchitecture (codenamed Gilo)
 an Intel Core i7 processor (codenamed Clarksfield) 45nm for Quad Core version, 45-55W TDP.
 an Intel Core i5 or i7 processor (codenamed Arrandale) 32nm.Wireless networkWireless Modules 
 Advanced-N + WiMAX 6250, Ultimate-N 6300, Advanced-N 6200 or Wireless-N 1000.

 Lihat juga 
 Mobile Internet Device (MID)
 Pentium M
 Intel Viiv
 Intel vPro
 AMD mobile platform

 Rujukan 

 Pautan luar 
 http://www.intel.com/products/centrino/
 Intel Centrino Mobile Technology Test Utility
 Information from Intel Corporation.
 Intel Processor comparison table
 Lindows CEO attacks Intel's Centrino Linux lockout, 20 Mac 2003.
 Intel's Centrino operating system support page.
 Linux on Centrino based laptops and notebooks .
 Homepage of the software "Notebook Hardware Control"
 Something like "Notebook Hardware Control" for Linux
 Intel(R) vPro(TM) Expert Center

Kategori:Intel
Kategori:Komputer riba