Perekaan dan penemuan Inggeris

Perekaan dan penemuan Inggeris adalah alat, proses atau teknik yang kemunculannya, sama ada secara sepenuhnya ataupun tidak, disebabkan oleh pada seorang yang lahir di England; dalam sesetengah kes, keInggerisan mereka ditentukan sedemikian kerana mereka dilahirkan di England, ataupun oleh orang bukan suku Inggeris yang bekerja di negeri itu. Kerap kali, seseuatu yang ditemui buat pertama kali, turut digelar "perekaan", dan dalam kebanyakan kes, tiada sempadan jelas terdapat di antara kedua-duanya

Yang berikut merupakan senarai perekaan atau penemuan yang sering dianggap oleh salah satu cara sebagai Inggeris:

 Pertanian 
Gerudi biji - Jethro Tull 

 Ilmu falak 
Penemuan planet UranusAccount of a Comet, By Mr. Herschel, F. R. S.; Communicated by Dr. Watson, Jun. of Bath, F. R. S., Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Volume 71, pp. 492-501 dan bulan Titania, Oberon, Enceladus, Mimas  oleh Sir William Herschel

 Kimia 
Ujian Marsh untuk Arsenik - James Marsh
Hukum Dalton dan Law of multiple proportions - John Dalton
Penemuan Buckminsterfullerene - Sir Harold Kroto
Pengasingan Natrium buat kali pertama - Humphry Davy

 Komunikasi 
Uniform Penny Post - Rowland Hill et al.
Radio sawat jam  - Trevor Baylis
 World Wide Web - Sir Tim Berners-Lee

 Komputer 
Enjin analisis    - Sir Charles Babbage
ACE dan Pilot ACE    - Alan Turing
Bombe   - Alan Turing
Komputer Colossus   - Tommy Flowers
Enjin bezaan   - Sir Charles Babbage
Jaringan Sejagat   - Sir Tim Berners-Lee
ZX Spectrum  - Sir Clive Sinclair

 Pembuatan jam 
Lolosan tambat  - Robert Hooke
Spring imbang A. R. Hall, "Horology and criticism: Robert Hooke", Studia Copernicana, XVI, Ossolineum, 1978, 261-81 - Robert Hooke (disputed - possibly invented by Christiaan Huygens of the Netherlands)
Grasshopper escapement, Gridiron pendulum, H1, H2, H3 and H4 watches (a watch built to solve the longitude measurement problem) - John Harrison

 Pengilangan pakaian 
Derby Rib (stocking manufacture) - Jedediah Strutt
Flying shuttle - John Kay
Mauveine, the first synthetic organic dye - William Henry Perkin
Mesin tenun - Edmund Cartwright
Kerangka pintal - John Kay
Mesin pintal - James Hargreaves
Spinning mule - Samuel Crompton
 Poliester - John Rex Whinfield

 Penyulitan 
Playfair cipher - Charles Wheatstone

 Kejuruteraan 
Sepanan boleh laras - Edwin Beard Budding
 Cavity Magnetron  - Dr Harry Boot
First coke-consuming blast furnace - Abraham Darby I
First working universal joint - Robert Hooke
First Compression-Ignition engine aka Diesel Engine - Herbert_Akroyd_Stuart
Enjin stim - Thomas Savery
Newcomen steam engine - Thomas Newcomen
Modified version of the Newcomen steam engine (Pickard engine) - James Pickard
Pendulum Governor - Frederick Lanchester
The first screw-cutting lathe - Henry Maudslay
 Disc Brakes - Frederick Williams
 Enjin pembakaran dalam - Samuel Brown
 Enjin jet - Sir Frank Whittle

 Makanan 
Bird's Custard - Alfred Bird
Sandwich - John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich

Alat perkakas rumah
Ballbarrow - James Dyson
Collapsible baby buggy - Owen Maclaren
Dyson DC01 - James Dyson
Pemadam api - George William Manby
Mesin rumput - Edwin Beard Budding
Gelang getah - Stephen Perry
Mentol lampu - Joseph Wilson Swan
 Tin - Peter Durand
 Skru gabus - Reverend Samuell Henshall
 Perangkap tikus - James Henry Atkinson
 Mesin jahit - Thomas Saint
 Setem - Rowland Hill
 Kertas tandas - British Perforated Paper Company
 Pembersih hampagas - Hubert Cecil Booth

 Proses industri 
English crucible steel - Benjamin Huntsman
 Steel production Bessemer process - Henry Bessemer
Hydraulic press - Joseph Bramah
Parkesine, the first man-made plastic - Alexander Parkes
Simen Portland - Joseph Aspdin
Sheffield plate - Thomas Boulsover
Water frame - Richard Arkwright
Keluli tahan karat - Harry Brearley
 Rubber Masticator - Thomas Hancock

 Perubatan 
 First correct description of circulation of the blood - William Harvey
 Vaksin cacar - Edward Jenner
 Antisepsis dalam pembedahan - Joseph Lister
 Artificial intraocular lens transplant surgery for cataract patients - Harold Ridley
 Clinical thermometer - Thomas Clifford Allbutt. "1866." The People's Chronology. Ed. Jason M. Everett. Thomson Gale, 2006. eNotes.com. 2006. 13 May, 2007 <http://history.enotes.com/peoples-chronology/year-1866/medicine >
 Colour blindness first described by John Dalton in Extraordinary facts relating to the vision of colours Dalton J, 1798 "Extraordinary facts relating to the vision of colours: with observations" Memoirs of the Literary and Philosophical Society of Manchester 5 28-45
 Computed Tomography - Godfrey Newbold Hounsfield
 Viagra - Peter Dunn, Albert Wood, Dr Nicholas Terrett
 EKG (underlying principles) - various

 Ketenteraan 
Congreve rocket - William Congreve
High explosive squash head - Sir Charles Dennistoun Burney
Puckle Gun - James Puckle
Shrapnel shell - Henry Shrapnel
Harrier Jump Jet - unknown
Kereta kebal - unknown
Dreadnought Battleship
 Bailey Bridge - Donald Bailey

 Perlombongan 
Lampu Davy - Humphry Davy
Lampu Geordie - George Stephenson

 Alat muzik 
Konsertina - Charles Wheatstone

 Fotografi 
Ambrotype - Frederick Scott Archer
Kalotaip - William Fox Talbot
Proses kolodion - Frederick Scott Archer
Stereoskop - Charles Wheatstone

 Sains 
Compound microscope with 30x magnification - Robert Hooke
 Universal Joint - Robert Hooke 
 The Iris diaphragm - Robert Hooke  
 Lolosan tambat dan spring imbang, which made more accurate clocks possible - Robert Hooke 
 Teori pembakar - Robert Hooke
 Barometer, anemometer, and higrometer (direka atau diperbaiki) - Robert Hooke
Hukum Hooke (persamaan yang menerangkan kekenyalan) - Robert Hooke 
Penjana elektrik (dinamo) - Michael Faraday
Galvanometer - William Sturgeon
Sinar inframerah - biasanya dianggap ditemui William Herschel.
Newtonian telescope - Sir Isaac Newton
Mikrometer - Sir William Gascoigne
the first bench micrometer that was capable of measuring to one ten thousandth of an inch - Henry Maudslay
Sinclair Executive, the world's first small electronic pocket calculator - Sir Clive Sinclair
Pembaris gelongsor - William Oughtred 
Sintesis kumarin, one of the first synthetic perfumes, and cinnamic acid via the Perkin reaction- William Henry Perkin
Hukum Graviti - Sir Isaac Newton
Hukum gerakan Newton - Sir Isaac Newton
DNA fingerprinting - Sir Alec Jeffreys
 Vaksin cacar - Edward Jenner
 Elektromagnet - William Sturgeon
 Dew Point Hygrometer - John Frederic Daniell
 Jadual berkala - John Alexander Newlands
 Seismograf - John Milne
 Theori Evolusi - Charles Darwin

 Pengangkutan 
Keretapi
 Lokomotif stim bergerak pertama - Richard Trevithick

Lokomotif
Blücher - George Stephenson
Puffing Billy -William Hedley 
Locomotion No 1 - Robert Stephenson 
Sans Pareil - Timothy Hackworth
Stephenson's Rocket - George and Robert Stephenson

Pembangunan keretapi lain
Displacement lubricator, Ramsbottom safety valve, the water trough, the split piston ring - John Ramsbottom

Darat
Bowden cable - Frank Bowden
Cat's eye - Percy Shaw 
Caterpillar track - Sir George Cayley
Hansom cab - Joseph Hansom 
Tali pinggang - George Cayley
Sinclair C5 - Sir Clive Sinclair
Belisha beacon - Leslie Hore-Belisha

Laut
Plimsol line - Samuel Plimsoll
Hoverkraf - Christopher Cockerell
Lifeboat - Lionel Lukin
Resurgam - George Garrett
Turbinia, the first steam turbine powered steamship, designed by the Irish engineer Sir Charles Algernon Parsons and built in Newcastle upon Tyne
 Kapal selam - William Bourne

Angkasa
Aeronautics and flight - George Cayley
 Enjin jet - Sir Frank Whittle

Sukan
Bola sepak - Rules as know today were established in 1848 at Cambridge University
Ragbi - William Webb Ellis (questionable)
Kriket - The world's second-most popular sport can be traced back to the 13th Century

 Lain-lain 
Waktu musim panas - William Willett 
Bayko - Charles Plimpton
Linoleum - Frederick Walton Frederick Walton : Oxford Biography Index entry
Meccano - Frank Hornby
 Teka silang kata - Arthur Wynne
 Topeng gas - John Tyndall and others
 Steel-ribbed Umbrella - Samuel Fox

 Lihat juga 
Perekaan dan penemuan Wales
Perekaan dan penemuan Scotland
Perekaan dan penemuan Ireland Utara

 Rujukan 


Kategori:Sejarah England
Kategori:Sejarah teknologi