Pertempuran Normandie

Pertempuran Normandie berlaku pada tahun 1944 antara Jerman Nazi di Eropah Barat dan tentera Pihak Berikat yang menyerang sebagai sebahagian daripada konflik yang lebih besar untuk Perang Dunia Kedua.  Operasi Overlord merupakan nama kod untuk serangan Pihak Berikat terhadap barat laut Eropah, yang bermula pada 6 Jun, 1944, dan tamat pada 19 Ogos, 1944, semasa Tentera Berikat merentasi Sungai Seine. Hingga ke enam puluh tahun selepas itu, Pertempuran Normandie ini masih kekal sebagai penyerangan amfibia yang terbesar dalam sejarah, melibatkan hampir 3 juta tentera melintasi Selat Inggeris dari England ke Normandie. Operasi Neptune merupakan nama kod bagi serangan fasa permulaan untuk Operasi Overlord; matlamatnya, untuk menambah foothold (tapak) pada benua itu, bermula pada 6 Jun 1944 (sering dikenali sebagai D-Day) dan tamat pada 30 Jun 1944.

Pembentukan Tentera Berikat yang utama adalah dari Amerika Syarikat, United Kingdom dan Kanada. Tentera Perancis Bebas dan tentera Poland juga menyertai pertempuran ini selepas fasa permulaan serangan itu, dan juga ada kontinjen dari Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Greece, Belanda, dan Norway.

Rujukan 



Pautan luar  
Dokumen asal: Pernyataan D-Day oleh Dwight D. Eisenhower
Perutusan D-Day Ike Jeneral Eisenhower berucap kepada Pasukan Expeditionary Berikat pada pagi 6 Jun.
Overlord44 French website which deals with the landings, all the Battle of Normandy, and which have a lot of other data in relation (biographies, readings, external links, museums, and so on).   
Canadians in Normandy  Canadians in Normandy, 1944. Battle info, video, audio and many photos of Canadians in Normandy.
Awesome modern day pictures from famous WWII battle fronts in Europe
Cross-Channel Attack CMH Pub 7-4: Official U.S. Military History.   
The D-Day Museum in England   
WW2DB: The Normandy Campaign   
The National D-Day Museum in the United States    
BBC WW2 history   
MilitaryHistoryOnline D-Day, Normandy, France June 6, 1944
Utah Beach to Cherbourg CMH Pub 100-12: Official U.S. Military History.   
Juno Beach Centre   
U.S. Navy Online Library of Selected Images: Normandy invasion    
Second World War Newspaper Archives — D-Day Invasion and the Normandy Campaign    
The original plan document for Operation Neptune   
The original plan document for Operation Overlord 
Royal Engineers Museum Royal Engineers and Second World War
Royal Engineers Museum Royal Engineers and Operation Overlord
 Royal Engineers Museum  6th Airborne Divisional Engineers - D Day 1944

Jeneral Dwight D. Eisenhower final order for D-day, dari Arkib Negara Amerika.
Pengistiharan serangan akan datang kepada anak kapal kapal utama, USS Augusta (CA-31)   
Personal accounts of members of the 6th Airborne Division in Normandy (Pegasus Bridge)   
Encyclopædia Britannica's Guide to Normandy 1944   
D-Day: Etat des Lieux - 6 June 1944 and Battle of Normandy   
D-Day Links   
Normandie44.net   
D-Day 60th anniversary D-Day and the Battle of Normandy    
Comanche Code Talkers The story of the code talkers is one of the little-known heroic chapters of D-Day during World War II.   
Last WWII Comanche Code Talker Visits Pentagon, Arlington Cemetery Charles Chibitty, the last surviving World War II (D-Day) Comanche code talker, donned his feathered Indian chief's headdress and offered a prayer in the Pentagon Chapel.   
Aerial movie of Omaha beach and the Normandy American Cemetery  View from a low flying private plane   
D-Day and the US Paratroopers
Juno Beach - The Canadians On D-Day
The National D-Day Memorial Foundation
30 Commando Assault Unit - Ian Flemings 'Red Indians'
Pegasus Bridge Museum
Breakout From the Hedgerows: A Lesson in Ingenuity
Encycolpedia Brittanica's Guide to Normandy 1944
D-Day Fact Sheet
D-Day on the Web
D-Day 
Carwood Lipton - First Sergeant of 101st Airborne Division, 506th Regiment, 2nd Battalion, Easy Company
Interview with Two U.S. 2nd Ranger Battalion Members Who Describe the Attack at Pointe-du-Hoc

Sumber   
The Longest Day, Cornelius Ryan, Simon & Schuster 2nd ed., 1959, ISBN 0-671-20814-4   
D-Day, Warren Tute, John Costello, Terry Hughes, Pan Books Ltd, 1975   
Normandy 1944, Allied Landings and Breakout; Osprey Campaign Series #1; Stephen Badsey, Osprey Publishing, 1990   
Normandy 1944, German Military Organisation, Combat Power and Organizational Effectiveness; Niklas Zetterling, J.J. Fedorowicz Publishing Inc., 2000, ISBN 0-921991-56-8.
D-Day: The Invasion of Normandy, June 6, 1944, Michael J. Varhola, Savas, 2001.  
Operation Cobra 1944, Breakout from Normandy; Osprey Campaign Series #88; Steven J. Zaloga, Osprey Publishing, 2001   
D-Day 1944 (3), Sword Beach & the British Airborne Landings; Osprey Campaign Series #105; Ken Ford, Osprey Publishing, 2002   
D-Day 1944 (4), Gold & Juno Beaches; Osprey Campaign Series #112; Ken Ford, Osprey Publishing, 2002   
D-Day 1944 (1), Omaha Beach; Osprey Campaign Series #100, Steven J. Zaloga, Osprey Publishing, 2003   
D-Day 1944 (2), Utah Beach & the US Airborne Landings; Osprey Campaign Series #104, Steven J. Zaloga, Osprey Publishing, 2004   
Morning: Normandy Invasion (June–August 1944), episode 17 of BBC series The World at War (1974)   
  Montgomery, Bernard Law, Nigel Hamilton, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography O.U.P. (2004)   

Bibliografi   
The Battle of Normandy, 1944, Robin Neillands, Cassell, 2002   
Canada's Battle in Normandy, C.P. Stacey, Queen's Printer, 1948   
Official History of the Canadian Army in the Second World War: Volume III. The Victory Campaign, The Operations in North-West Europe 1944-1945    
Decision in Normandy, Carlo D'Este, London, 1983   
The Second World War, John Keegan, Hutchinson, 1989   
Six Armies in Normandy, John Keegan, Penguin, 1994   
The Fighting First: The Untold Story of The Big Red One on D-Day, Flint Whitlock, Westview, 2004   
The Bedford Boys: One American Town's Ultimate D-Day Sacrifice, Alex Kershaw, Da Capo, 2004   
D-Day June 6, 1944: The Climactic Battle of World War II, Stephen Ambrose, Simon & Schuster, 1995
[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4508901.stm
Who won World War II?,Konstantin RozhnovRichard Overy, BBC News, 2005The Struggle For Europe, Chester Wilmot, Wordsworth Editions Ltd, 1997 (Written in part by Christopher Daniel McDevitt.)SOE'', M. R. D. Foot, BBC Publications, 1984

 Bacaan lanjut    
Those who wish to study the Normandy Campaign in more detail will find a number of volumes in the U.S. Army in World War II series, produced by the U.S. Army Center of Military History, particularly useful. Gordon A. Harrison, Cross-Channel-Attack (1951), remains a basic source, but a number of other studies bear heavily upon the operation. They include:   
 Robert W. Coakley and Richard M. Leighton, Global Logistics and Strategy (1968);   
 Martin Blumenson, Breakout and Pursuit (1961);   
 Forrest C. Pogue, The Supreme Command (1954);   
 Roland G. Ruppenthal, Logistical Support of the Armies (1953); and   
 Graham A. Cosmas and Albert E. Cowdrey, The Medical Department: Medical Service in the European Theater of Operations (1992).   

The Historical Division of the War Department produced three volumes on the event. All have been reprinted by the Center of Military History. Classified as the American Forces in Action series, they are:   
 OMAHA Beachhead (6 June-13 June 1944) (1989);   
 UTAH Beach to Cherbourg (1990); and   
 St. Lo (7 July-19 July 1944) (1984).   

A number of abbreviated summaries have been written. Among the most useful are:   
 Charles MacDonald, The Mighty Endeavor: American Armed Forces in the European Theater in World War II (1969); and   
 Charles MacDonald and Martin Blumenson, "Recovery of France," in Vincent J. Esposito, ed., A Concise History of World War II (1965).   

Memoirs by Allied commanders contain considerable information. Among the best are:   
 Omar N. Bradley, A Soldier's Story (1951);   
 Omar N. Bradley and Clay Blair, A General's Life (1983);   
 Dwight D. Eisenhower, Crusade in Europe (1948);   
 Sir Bernard Law Montgomery, Normandy to the Baltic (1948); and   
 Sir Frederick Edgeworth Morgan, Overture to Overlord (1950).   

Almost as useful are biographies of leading commanders. Among the most prominent are:   
 Stephen E. Ambrose, The Supreme Commander: The War Years of General Dwight D. Eisenhower (1970), and Eisenhower, Soldier, General of the Army, President-Elect, 1890-1952 (1983);  
 Nigel Hamilton, Master of the Battlefield: Monty's War Years, 1942-1944 (1983); and   
 Richard Lamb, Montgomery in Europe, 1943-1945: Success or Failure (1984).   

A number of general histories also exist, many centering on the controversies that continue to surround the campaign and its commanders. See, in particular:   
 John Colby, War From the Ground Up: The 90th Division in World War II (1989);   
 Carlo D'Este, Decision in Normandy: The Unwritten Story of Montgomery and the Allied Campaign (1983);   
 Max Hastings, Overlord, D-Day, June 6, 1944 (1984);   
 John Keegan, Six Armies in Normandy: From D-Day to the Liberation of Paris (1982); 
 Robin Neillands, The Battle of Normandy 1944 (2002); 
 Stephen T. Powers, "Battle of Normandy: The Lingering Controversy," Journal of Military History 56 (1992):455-71.   
 Russell F. Weigley, Eisenhower's Lieutenants: The Campaign of France and Germany, 1944-45 (1981); and   

Pemberita merupakan pemerhati hadapan bagi penjajahan ini. Dua kajian mengenai hasil kerja mereka yang menonjol adalah:
 Barney Oldfield, Never a Shot in Anger (1956); and
 Richard Collier, Fighting Words: The Correspondents of World War II (1989). CMH Pub 72-18

Kategori:Perang Dunia Kedua
Kategori:Amerika Syarikat
Kategori:Jerman
Kategori:Kanada
Kategori:Perancis
Kategori:United Kingdom
Kategori:Peperangan

da:D-dag