भारतातील मूळ भाषिकांच्या संख्येनुसार भाषांची यादी

भारत वेगवेगळ्या शंभर भाषांचे घर आहे. बहुतेक भारतीय हिंद-आर्य समूहील (७४%) भाषा बोलतात जी इंडो-युरोपियन भाषांची ही एक शाखा आहे. द्रविड (२४%), ऑस्ट्रोएस्ट्रीएटिक (मुंडा) (१.२%) आणि साइनो-तिबेटी (०.६%) सुद्धा बोलली जाते. या व्यतिरिक्त हिमालयाची काही भाषा आज ही वर्गीकृत नाही. एस आई एल एथनोलॉगच्या सूची नुसार भारतात ४१५ जीवंत भाषा आहेत.

आढावा
India has 23 constitutionally recognized official languages. Hindi and English are the official languages used by the Central Government. State governments use respective official languages.

Hindi is the most widely spoken language in northern parts of India. The Indian census takes the widest possible definition of "Hindi" as a broad variety of "Hindi languages". According to 2001 Census, 53.6% of Indian population declared that they speak Hindi either as first or second language, in which 41% of them have declared it as their native language or mother tongue. 13% Indians declared that they can speak English as a second language.

Thirteen languages account for more than 1% of Indian population each, and between themselves for over 95%; all of them are "scheduled languages of the constitution". Scheduled languages spoken by fewer than 1% of Indians are Santali (0.63%), Kashmiri (0.54%), Nepali (0.28%), Sindhi (0.25%), Konkani (0.24%), Dogri (0.22%), Meitei (0.14%), Bodo (0.13%) and Sanskrit (In the 2001 census of India, only 14,135 people reported Sanskrit as their native language). The largest language that is not "scheduled" is Bhili (0.95%), followed by Gondi (0.27%), Khandeshi (0.21%), Tulu (0.17%) and Kurukh (0.10%).

Indian population in 1991 exhibited 19.4% of bilingualism and 7.2% of trilingualism, so that the total percentage of "native languages" is at about 127%.

India has a Greenberg's diversity index of 0.914, i.e. two people selected at random from the country will have different native languages in 91.4% of cases.

 मूळ भाषिकांच्या संख्येनुसार भाषांची यादी

Ordered by number of speakers as first language.

More than one million speakers

The 2001 census recorded 29 individual languages as having more than 1 million native speakers (0.1% of total population). The languages in bold are scheduled languages (the only scheduled language with less than 1 million native speakers is Sanskrit). The first table is restricted to only speaking populations for scheduled languages.

+First, Second, and Third languages by number of speakers in India (2001 Census)Language First languagespeakersFirst languagespeakers as a percentage

of total populationhttp://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/India_at_glance/popu1.aspx Second languagespeakers Third languagespeakers Total speakersTotal speakers as a
percentage of total

populationHindiincludes Western Hindi apart from Urdu, Eastern Hindi, Bihari languages except for Maithili, the Rajasthani languages, and the Pahari languages apart from Nepali and (in 2001) Dogri, whether or not the included varieties were reported as "Hindi" or under their individual names.422,048,64241.0398,207,18031,160,696551,416,51853.60Bengali83,369,7698.106,637,2221,108,08891,115,0798.86Telugu74,002,8567.199,723,6261,266,01984,992,5018.26Marathi71,936,8946.999,546,4142,701,49884,184,8068.18तमिळ60,793,814 5.914,992,253956,33566,742,4026.49Urdu51,536,1115.016,535,4891,007,91259,079,5125.74Kannada37,924,011 3.6911,455,2871,396,42850,775,7264.94Gujarati46,091,6174.483,476,355703,98950,271,9614.89Odia33,017,4463.213,272,151319,52536,609,1223.56Malayalam33,066,3923.21499,188195,88533,761,4653.28English226,4490.0286,125,22138,993,066125,344,73612.18Sanskrit14,135<0.011,234,9313,742,2234,991,2890.49

+ Table: Ordered by number of native speakers Rank  Language 2001 censusAbstract of speakers' strength of languages and mother tongues – 2000, Census of India, 2001(total population 1,028,610,328 ) 1991 censusComparative Speaker's Strength of Scheduled Languages -1971, 1981, 1991 and 2001, Census of India, 1991(total population 838,583,988) Encarta 2007 estimate(worldwide speakers)   Speakers  Percentage  Speakers  Percentage  Speakers 1  Hindiincludes Western Hindi apart from Urdu, Eastern Hindi, Bihari languages except for Maithili, the Rajasthani languages, and the Pahari languages apart from Nepali and (in 2001) Dogri, whether or not the included varieties were reported as "Hindi" or under their individual names.  422,048,642  41.1%  329,518,087  39.29%  366 M 2  Bengali  83,369,769  8.11%  69,595,738  8.30%   207 M 3  Telugu  74,002,856  7.19%  66,017,615  7.87%  69.7 M 4  Marathi  71,936,894  6.99%  62,481,681  7.45%  68.0 M 5  तमिळ  60,793,814  5.91%  53,006,368  6.32%  66.0 M 6  Urdu  51,536,111  5.01%  43,406,932  5.18%  60.3 M 7  Gujarati  46,091,617  4.48%  40,673,814  4.85%  46.1 M 8  Kannada  37,924,011  3.69%  32,753,676  3.91%  35.3 M 9  Malayalam  33,066,392  3.21%  30,377,176  3.62%  35.7 M 10  Odia  33,017,446  3.21%  28,061,313  3.35%  32.3 M 11  Punjabi  29,102,477  2.83%  23,378,744  2.79%  57.1 M 12  Assamese  13,168,484  1.28%  13,079,696  1.56%  15.4 M 13  Maithili  12,179,122  1.18%  7,766,921  0.926%  24.2 M 14  Bhili/Bhilodi  9,582,957  0.93%    15  Santali  6,469,600  0.63%  5,216,325  0.622%  16  Kashmiri  5,527,698  0.54%    17  Nepali  2,871,749  0.28%  2,076,645  0.248%  16.1 M 18  Gondi  2,713,790  0.26%    19  Sindhi  2,535,485  0.25%  2,122,848  0.253%  19.7 M 20  Konkani  2,489,015  0.24%  1,760,607  0.210%  21  Dogri  2,282,589  0.22%    22  Khandeshi  2,075,258  0.21%    23  Kurukh  1,751,489  0.17%    24  Tulu  1,722,768  0.17%    25  Meitei (Manipuri)  1,466,705*  0.14%  1,270,216  0.151%  26  Bodo  1,350,478  0.13%  1,221,881  0.146%  27  Khasi  1,128,575  0.11%    28  Mundari  1,061,352  0.103%    29  Ho  1,042,724  0.101%   

* Excludes figures of Paomata, Mao-Maram and Purul sub-divisions of Senapati district of Manipur for 2001.
** The percentage of speakers of each language for 2001 has been worked out on the total population of India excluding the population of Mao-Maram, Paomata and Purul subdivisions of Senapati district of Manipur due to cancellation of census results.

100,000 to one million speakers
 Rank  Language  2001 census Speakers  Percentage 30  Kui  916,222  0.089% 31  Garo  889,479  0.086% 32  Tripuri  854,023  0.083% 33  Lushai/Mizo  674,756  0.066% 34  Halabi  593,443  0.058% 35  Korku  574,481  0.056% 36  Miri/Mishing  551,224  0.054% 37  Munda  469,357  0.046% 38  Karbi/Mikir  419,534  0.041% 39  Koya  362,070  0.035% 40  Ao  261,387  0.025% 41  Savara  252,519  0.025% 42  Konyak  248,109  0.024% 43  Kharia  239,608  0.023% 44  English  226,449  0.022% 45  Malto  224,926  0.022% 46  Nissi/Dafla  211,485  0.021% 47  Adi  198,462  0.019% 48  Thado  190,595  0.019% 49  Lotha  170,001  0.017% 50  Coorgi/Kodagu  166,187  0.016% 51  Rabha  164,770  0.016% 52  Tangkhul  142,035  0.014% 53  Kisan  141,088  0.014% 54  Angami  132,225  0.013% 55  Phom  122,508  0.012% 56  Kolami  121,855  0.012% 57  Khond/Kondhdifferent from Kui language  118,597  0.012% 58  Dimasa  111,961  0.011% 59  Ladakhi  104,618  0.010% 60  Sema  103,529  0.010%

भाषिकांच्या संख्येनुसार मातृभाषांची यादी 
Each of the languages of the 2001 census subsumes one or more mother tongues. Speaker numbers are available for these mother tongues and they are also included in the speaker numbers for their respective language. The following table lists those mother tongues that have more than one million speakers. Per the General Notes from the 2001 census: "Mother tongue is the language spoken in childhood by the person’s mother to the person. If the mother died in infancy, the language mainly spoken in the person’s home in childhood will be the mother tongue."Census Data 2001 General Notes
+ Mother tongues with more than one million speakers Rank  Mother tongue  2001 census Includedin language Speakers  Percentage 1  Hindi  257,919,635  25.071%  2  Bengali  82,462,437  8.016%  3  Telugu  73,817,148  7.176%  4  Marathi  71,701,478  6.970%  5  तमिळ  60,655,813  5.896%  6  Urdu  51,533,954  5.009%  7  Gujarati  45,715,654  4.444%  8  Kannada  37,742,232  3.669%  9  Bhojpuri  33,099,497  3.217%  Hindi 10  Malayalam  33,015,420  3.209%  11  Odia  32,110,482  3.121%  12  Punjabi  28,152,794  2.737%  13  Rajasthani  18,355,613  1.784%  Hindi 14  Magadhi/Magahi  13,978,565  1.359%  Hindi 15  Chhattisgarhi  13,260,186  1.289%  Hindi 16  Assamese  12,778,735  1.242%  17  Maithili  12,178,673  1.184%  18  Haryanvi  7,997,192  0.777%  Hindi 19  Marwari  7,936,183  0.771%  Hindi 20  Santali  5,943,679  0.578%  21  Malvi  5,565,167  0.541%  Hindi 22  Kashmiri  5,362,349  0.521%  23  Mewari  5,091,697  0.495%  Hindi 24  Khortha/Khotta  4,725,927  0.459%  Hindi 25  Bhili/Bhilodi  3,313,481  0.322%  26  Bundeli/Bundelkhan  3,072,147  0.299%  Hindi 27  Nepali  2,867,922  0.279%  28  Bagheli  2,865,011  0.278%  Hindi 29  Pahari  2,832,825  0.275%  Hindi 30  Lamani/Lambadi  2,707,562  0.263%  Hindi 31  Awadhi  2,529,308  0.246%  Hindi 32  Wagdi  2,510,811  0.244%  Bhili 33  Gondi  2,505,247  0.244%  34  Harauti  2,462,867  0.239%  Hindi 35  Konkani  2,420,140  0.235%  36  Dogri  2,282,547  0.222%  37  Garhwali  2,267,314  0.220%  Hindi 38  Nimadi  2,148,146  0.209%  Hindi 39  Sadan/Sadri  2,044,776  0.199%  Hindi 40  Kumaoni  2,003,783  0.195%  Hindi 41  Dhundhari  1,871,130  0.182%  Hindi 42  Ahirani  1,865,813  0.181%  Khandeshi 43  Kurukh/Oraon  1,737,044  0.169%  44  Tulu  1,720,422  0.167%  45  Sindhi  1,694,061  0.165%  46  Meitei  1,466,497  0.143%  47  Surgujia  1,458,533  0.142%  Hindi 48  Bagri Rajasthani  1,434,123  0.139%  Hindi 49  Bodo/Boro  1,330,775  0.129%  50  Banjari  1,259,821  0.122%  Hindi 51  Nagpuria  1,242,586  0.121%  Hindi 52  Surjapuri  1,217,019  0.118%  Hindi 53  Kangri  1,122,843  0.109%  Hindi 54  Mundari  1,046,951  0.102%  55  Ho  1,037,987  0.101% 

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