प्राचीन काळापासून अस्तित्वात असणारी नगरे

प्राचीन काळापासून मानवी लोकवस्ती असणाऱ्या नगरांची यादी खाली दिली आहे.
This is a  list of present-day cities by the time period over which they have been continuously inhabited.The age claims listed may be disputed, or indeed obsolete. Differences in opinion can result from different definitions of "city" as well as "continuously inhabited".

प्रत्येकास "जगातील सर्वात प्राचीन नगर" म्हणून ख्याती असणाऱ्या  (दमास्कस, बायब्लॉस, जेरिको, वाराणशी)ह्या शहरांचा देखील ह्या यादीत समावेश करण्यात आला आहे. Caveats to the  validity of each claim are discussed in the "Notes" column.

प्राचीन जग

Continuous habitation since the Chalcolithic (or Copper Age) is possible (but difficult) to prove archaeologically for several Levantine cities (Jericho, Byblos, Damascus, Sidon and Beirut). 
Cities became more common outside the Fertile Crescent with the Early Iron Age from about 1100 BC. The foundation of Rome in 753 BC is conventionally taken as one of the dates initiating Classical Antiquity.

 नगराचे नाव ऐतिहासिक विभाग/प्रांत ठिकाण सातत्याने मानववस्ती असल्याच्या नोंदी नोंदीदमिश्कलेव्हांतसीरियाचालकॉलिथिक Excavations at Tel Ramad on the outskirts of the city have demonstrated that Damascus was inhabited as early as 8000 to 10,000 BC.ancientneareast.tripod.com However, Damascus is not documented as an important city until the coming of the Aramaeans around 1400 BC. See reference for presence of urban life among cattle herders at this date — also due to land fertility and constant water source.जेरिकोलेव्हांतवेस्ट बँकचाल्कोलिथिक काळ (इ.स.पू. ३००० पूर्वी)Traces of habitation from 9000 BC. 
Fortifications date to 6800 BC (or earlier), making Jericho the earliest known walled city.Michal Strutin, Discovering Natural Israel (2001), p. 4.
Evidence indicates that the city was abandoned several times, and later expanded and rebuilt several times.बॅब्लिओसलेव्हांतलेबॅनॉनचाल्कोलिथिक काळ (इ.स.पू. ५००० पूर्वी) Settled from the  Neolithic (carbon-dating tests have set the age of earliest settlement around 7000), a city since the 3rd millennium BC. Byblos had a reputation as the "oldest city in the world" in Antiquity (according to Philo of Byblos).सिडॉनलेव्हांतलेबॅनॉनइ.स.पू. ४००० SidonThere is evidence that Sidon was inhabited from as long ago as 4000 BC, and perhaps, as early as Neolithic times (6000 - 4000 BC).अल फय्युम (as Crocodilopolis or Arsinoe, ancient Egyptian: Shediet)इजिप्तफैयुम प्रांत, इजिप्तइ.स.पू. (४००० अंदाजे)Overy et al. (1999:43); Aldred (1998:42,44)गाझियांटेपअनातोलिया नैऋत्य अनातोलिया प्रांत, तुर्कस्तानइ.स.पू. ३६५०This is disputed, although most modern scholars place the Classical Antiochia ad Taurum at Gaziantep, some maintain that it was located at Aleppo. Furthermore, that the two cities occupy the same site is far from established fact (see Gaziantep). Assuming this to be the case, the founding date of the present site would be about 1,000 BC. (see Gaziantep)रायइराणइ.स.पू. ३०००Rayy, Encyclopedia BritannicaA settlement at the site goes back to the 3rd millennium BC. Rayy is mentioned in the Avesta (an important text of prayers in Zoroastrianism, as a sacred place, and it is also featured in the book of Tobit.बैरुतलेव्हांतलेबेनॉनइ.स.पू. ३०००Under Beirut's Rubble, Remnants of 5,000 Years of Civilizationटायरलेव्हांतलेबेनॉनइ.स.पू. २७५०आर्बिलमेसोपोटेमियाकुर्दिस्तान प्रांत, इराकइ.स.पू. २३०० किंवा त्याआआधीअराफा (किर्कुक)मेसोपोटेमियाकिर्कुक प्रांत, इराकइ.स.पू. ३०००-२२००either The destruction of the Kirkuk Castle by the Iraqi regime.  or History Channel  for the earlier dateजाफ्फालेव्हांतइस्रायेलइ.स.पू. २००० (अं)Archaeological evidence shows habitation from 7500 BC.Excavations at Ancient Jaffa (Joppa). Tel Aviv University.अलेप्पोलेव्हांतसिरियाइ.स.पू. २००० (अं)New World Encyclopedia   Evidence of occupation since about 5000 BC.Syria Where Stones Speak The Door Is Widening To Westerners, Who Are Discovering The Nation'S Wealth Of History And Cultureबल्ख (बॅक्ट्रा)बॅक्ट्रियाबल्ख प्रांत, अफगाणिस्तानइ.स.पू. १५०० (अं)Balkh is one of the oldest settlements of the region.Nancy Hatch Dupree, An Historical Guide to Afghanistan, 1977, Kabul, Afghanistan LINK  हेब्रॉन लेव्हांत वेस्ट बँक इ.स.पू. १५०० (अं) Hebron is considered one of the oldest cities and has been continuously
inhabited for nearly 3500 years. चानिया क्रीट क्रीट, ग्रीस इ.स.पू. १४०० (अं) Minoan foundation as Kydonia लारनाका अलाशिया सायप्रस इ.स.पू. १४०० (अं) Mycenaean, then Phoenician colony Thebes Mycenaean Greece Boeotia, Greece ca. 1400 BC Mycenaean foundationअथेन्स मिसेनेइयन ग्रीसॲटिका, ग्रीसइ.स.पू. १४००Mycenaean foundation, with traces of earlier habitation on the Acropolis.आर्गोसमिसेनेइयन ग्रीसग्रीसइ.स.पू. १२०० आधीTrikalaMycenaean GreeceThessaly, Greecebefore 1200 BC founded as TrikkeChalcisMycenaean GreeceGreece before 1200 BCmentioned by HomerLisbonIron Age IberiaPortugalca. 1200 BC A settlement since the Neolithic. Allis Ubbo, arguably a Phoenician name, became Olissipo(-nis) in Greek and Latin (also Felicitas Julia after Roman conquest in 205 BC).CádizIron Age IberiaAndalusia, स्पेन1100 BCfounded as Phoenician Gadir, "Europe's oldest city"andalucia.com; The IndependentPatrasMycenaean GreeceGreececa. 1100 BCfounded by Patreusवाराणसीभारतउत्तर प्रदेश, भारतca. 1200-1000 BCBritannica: "by the 2nd millennium BC"लोह युग foundation (Painted Grey Ware culture).Xi'an  Bronze Age China  Shaanxi, PRC  ca. 1100 BC Chios  Chios  North Aegean, Greece  ca. 1100 BC Gaza City  Levant  Gaza Strip  ca. 1000 BC  While evidence of habitation dates back at least 5,000 years, it is said to be continuously inhabited for a little more than 3,000 years.Mytilene  Lesbos  North Aegean, Greece  10th century BC Anuradhapura  Rajarata  North Central Province, श्रीलंका  10th century BC   PulaIstriaCroatia10th century BC The city's earliest recorded permanent habitation dates back to the 10th century BC (Ivelja-Dalmatin 200).Ivelja-Dalmatin, Ana (2009). Pula. Tourist Monograph. 2005-2009, page 7 Zadar   Liburnia   Croatia   9th century BC   based on archaeological evidence, according to Suić (1981).M. Suić, Prošlost Zadra I, Zadar u starom vijeku, Filozofski fakultet Zadar, 1981   Nin   Liburnia   Croatia   9th century BC]] based on archaeological evidence, according to www.nin.hr. नेपल्सMagna Graeciaइटली8th century BC founded as Parthenope.Hamadan (As Ecbatana)  Median Empire  Iran   ca. 800 BC International dictionary of historic places By Trudy Ring,  Robert M. Salkin,  K. A. Berney,  Paul E. Schellinger   Yerevan (as Erebuni) Urartu  Armenia  ca. 800 BC Baghdasaryan A., Simonyan A, et al. «Երևան» (Yerevan). Soviet Armenian Encyclopedia. vol. iii. Yerevan, Armenian SSR: Armenian Academy of Sciences, 1977, pp. 548-564. उज्जैन (As अवंती)  माळवा  भारत   ८०० इ.स..पू.http://www.भारतsite.com/madhyapradesh/ujjain/history.html   ७०० इ.स.पू. मध्ये  अवंतीची राजधानी म्हणून उदयास आले. भारत देशाची दुसऱ्या शहरीकरीकरणाच्या लहरीत ६०० इ.स.पू प्रगती झाली.रोम  Latium  Lazio, इटली   ७५३ इ.स.पू.  १००० इ.स.पू.पासून नेहमी गजबजलेले.; इ.स.पू. ९ व्या शतकात चरावाहांचे खेडे म्हणून माहितीत.; हे सुद्धा पहा History of Rome and Founding of Rome.Corfu, Kerkyra  Corfu  Ionian Islands, Greece   700 BC  समरकंद  Sogdiana  उझबेकिस्थान   ७०० इ.स.पू.  इस्तंबूल/बायझेन्टियम  Thrace Anatolia  Turkey   685 BC Anatolia 667 BC Thrace  Neolithic site dated to 6400 BC, over port of Lygos by Thracians circa 1150 BCDurrës  Illyria  Albania  627 BC  FoundedAn Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis: An Investigation Conducted by The Copenhagen Polis Centre for the Danish National Research Foundation by Mogens Herman Hansen,2005,page 330,"Epidamnos was founded in either 627 or 625 (Hieron. Chron" by settlers from Corcyra & Corinth as EpidamnosStara Zagora  Thrace  Bulgaria  342 BC  It was called Beroe in ancient times and was founded by Phillip II of MacedonWomen and slaves in Greco-Roman culture: differential equations by Sandra Rae Joshel, Sheila Murnaghan,1998,page 214,"Philip II founded cities at Beroe, Kabyle, and Philippopolis in 342/1, and Aegean-style urban life began to penetrate Thrace."Late Roman villas in the Danube-Balkan region by Lynda Mulvin,2002,page 19,"Other roads went through Beroe (founded by Philip II of Macedon) "Philip of Macedon by Louïza D. Loukopoulou,1980,page 98,"Upriver in the valley between the Rhodope and Haimos Philip founded Beroe (Stara Zagora) and Philippolis (Plovdiv)."The cities in Thrace and Dacia in late antiquity: (studies and materials)‎ by Velizar Iv Velkov,1977,page 128,"Founded by Philipp 11 on the site of an old Thracian settlement, it has existed without interruption from that time.", although a Thracian settlement neolithic inhabitation have been discovered as well.Varna  Thrace  Bulgarian Black Sea Coast, Bulgaria  585 BC - 570 BC  foundedAn Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis: An Investigation Conducted by The Copenhagen Polis Centre for the Danish National Research Foundation by Mogens Herman Hansen,2005,page 936, as Odessos by settlers from MiletusKavala  Macedonia  Greece  6th century BC  founded as NeapolisEdessa, GreeceMacedonia Greece before the 6th century BC capital of Macedonia up to 6th century BCMangalia  Dacia  Romania  6th century BC  founded as CallatisConstanţa  Dacia  Romania  6th century BC  founded as TomisMantua  Po Valley  Lombardy, Italy  6th century BC  Village settlement since ca. 2000 BC; became an Etruscan city in the 6th century BC.Herat  Aria  Herat Province, Afghanistan  ca. 550  BC  The city is dominated by the remains of a citadel constructed by Alexander the Great. दिल्ली  कुरु  भारत  ५०० इ.स.पू.City Walls: The Urban Enceinte in Global Perspective, by James D. Tracy, University of Minnesota Center for Early Modern History Cambridge University Press, 2000, ISBN 9780521652216  इ.स.पू.च्या सुरुवातीच्या शतकांपासूनचे शहर, ११ व्या शतकापासून शहरात मानवी वस्तीचे संकेत हे सुद्धा पहा History of Delhi.मदुरै  पांडियन राज्य  तमिळनाडू, भारत  ५०० इ.स.पू.   बिजिंग (as Ji, Yanjing)  Yan  चीन  इ.स.पू.५०० इफे   Osun State, Nigeria  ca. 500 BC पाटना   मगध बिहार, भारत  ४९० इ.स.पू.http://irows.ucr.edu/cd/courses/compciv/citypops4000.txt  वैशाली   मगध बिहार, भारत  500 BC  राजग्रह (राजगिर) मगध बिहार, भारत  इ.स.पू. ६००The estimated year Sravasti was surpassed by Rajagriha is not given in Chandler and Fox’s list  (pp. 362-364).Serres  Macedonia Greece 5th century BC  first mentioned in the 5th century BC as SirisLamia (city)GreeceGreecebefore the 5th century BC first mentioned 424 BCVeria  Macedonia Greece  ca. 432 BC first mentioned by Thucydides in 432 BCRhodes  Rhodes, Aegean Sea  Dodecanese, Greece  ca. 408 BCबेलग्रेड  Illyria  Serbia  400 BC  Vinča culture prospered around Belgrade in the 6th millennium BCथेसालोनिकी Macedonia (ancient kingdom)Greece315 BCfounded as a new city in the same place of the older city Therme.Berat  Macedonia (ancient kingdom)  Albania  314 BC   FoundedEpirus: the geography, the ancient remains, the history and topography of ... by Nicholas Geoffrey Lemprière Hammond,"founded Antipatreia in Illyria at c. 314 BC" by Cassander as Antipatreia ग्वांग्झू (Canton)  Han Dynasty  Guangdong, PRC  214 BC  झुरिच (Lindenhof)  Gaul  स्वित्झर्लंड  ca. 50 BC  lakeside settlement traces dating to the Neolithic. Trier   Gallia Belgica  जर्मनी  30 BC  Oldest city in जर्मनी. Nijmegen   Germania Inferior  Netherlands  19 BC  Oldest city in the Netherlands. Chur  Raetia Prima  Grisons, स्वित्झर्लंड  15 BC    habitation since the 4th millennium BC (Pfyn culture). Solothurn   Gaul  स्वित्झर्लंड  c. 20 AD Evidence of pre-Roman, Celtic settlement; newly founded by the Romans between 14 – 37 AD, called the "oldest city in Gaul besides Trier" in a verse on the city's clock tower. लंडन  Britannia  ग्रेटब्रिटन  ४३ इ.स. व्हेर्दुनLotharingiaफ्रांस4th centuryseat of the bishop of Verdun from the 4th century, but populated earlierप्राग  Bohemia  Czech Republic  ca. 6th century  The first written record dates back to the 10th century Abraham ben Jacob.IoanninaByzantine EmpireGreecefounded by emperor Justinian Iक्राकोव (Wawel Hill)  Galicia  Poland  7th c. wawel.krakow.pl  The first written record dates back to the 10th century.पालेंबंग  Srivijaya  Indonesia  ca. 600  oldest city in the Malay Archipelago, capital of the Srivijaya empire. इफे   Osun State, Nigeria  ca. 8th century  earliest traces of habitation date to the 4th century BC.Århus   Denmark  ca. 700  oldest city in Scandinavia. Djenné   Mali  ca. 800  oldest known city in sub-Saharan Africa"Heaven on Earth: Islam", November 23, 2004 video documentary, History Channel. Producer/director, Stephen Rooke. Scriptwriter/host: Christy Kenneally HeraklionCreteGreece 824founded by the Saracensडब्लिन  Ireland  Republic of Ireland  841  रेक्याविक  Iceland  Iceland  ca. 871    Tønsberg  Norway  Norway  ca. 871  oldest city in Norway.Tondo, Manila  Kingdom of Tondo  Philippines  900  oldest known settlement in the Philippines as documented by the Laguna Copperplate Inscription; when the Spanish, led by Miguel Lopez de Legazpi, arrived, it was still inhabited and led by at least one datu.Skara   स्वीडन 988 Lund  Denmark  स्वीडन  ca. 990    

सध्याचे (वर्तमान)जग

 नाव देश स्थापना नोंदतिकुलमेक्सिको इ.स.पू.चे ७ वे शतक उत्तर व दक्षिण अमेरिकेतील सतत वस्ती असलेली सगळ्यात जुनी वसाहतचोलुलामेक्सिको इ.स.पू.चे २ रे शतक (अंदाजे)Pre-Columbian Cholula grew from a small village to a regional center during the 7th century.अकोमा पेब्लो आणि ताओस पेब्लो, न्यू मेक्सिकोअमेरिकेची संयुक्त संस्थाने इ.स. १०७५ (अं)ओरैबी, ॲरिझोनाअमेरिकेची संयुक्त संस्थाने इ.स. ११०० (अं)मेक्सिको सिटीमेक्सिको इ.स. १३२५Founded as Tenochtitlan by the Mexica. Named changed to Ciudad de Mexico (Mexico City) or Mexico-Tenochtitlan after the Spanish conquest of the city in 1521. Several other pre-Columbian towns such as Azcapotzalco, Tlatelolco, Xochimilco and Coyoacan have been engulfed by the growing metropolis  and are now part of modern Mexico City.सांतो दॉमिंगोडॉमिनिकन प्रजासत्ताक इ.स. १४९६ नवीन जगातील सगळ्यात जुनी युरोपीय वसाहतसान हुआनपोर्तो रिकोइ.स. १५०८Oldest continuously inhabited city in a  U.S. territoryनोंब्रे दि दियोस, कोलोनपनामाइ.स. १५१०Oldest European settlement on the American mainlandबाराकोआक्यूबाइ.स. १५११Oldest European settlement in Cubaसाओ व्हिसेंते, साओ पाउलोब्राझीलइ.स. १५३२First Portuguese settlement in South Americaसेंट जॉन्स, न्यू फाउंडलंड आणि लाब्राडोरकॅनडाइ.स. १५४०च्या सुमारासOldest city in Canada, and oldest English-speaking city in North Americaसेंट ऑगस्टिन, फ्लोरिडाअमेरिकेची संयुक्त संस्थानेइ.स. १५५६Oldest continuously inhabited European founded city within the United Statesजेम्सटाऊन, व्हर्जिनियाअमेरिकेची संयुक्त संस्थानेइ.स. १६०७Second oldest successful European founded city in the United StatesAfter a vote by the House of Burgesses in 1699, it was decided that the Virginia capitol would be moved from the original Jamestown site on the James river to a nearby site 8 miles away that would be free of swamp born illnesses.  The original site has since been converted to a national historic park.प्लीमथ, मॅसेच्युसेट्सअमेरिकेची संयुक्त संस्थानेइ.स. १६२०Third oldest continuously inhabited European founded city in the United StatesSanta Fe, New Mexico, which is sometimes cited for this, was abandoned due to Indian raiding from 1680 - 1692, and it's inhabitants did not succeed in living in the area continuously until after 1692.क्वेबेक सिटीकॅनडाइ.स. १६०८Second oldest city in Canadaसेंट जॉनकॅनडाइ.स. १६३१Third oldest city in Canadaत्रुआ-रिव्हिएरेसकॅनडाइ.स. १६३४Fourth oldest city in Canadaमॉंट्रिआलकॅनडाइ.स. १६४२Fifth oldest city in Canadaसिडनीऑस्ट्रेलियाइ.स. १७८८Oldest city in Australiaहोबार्टऑस्ट्रेलियाइ.स. १८०३Second oldest city in Australia

चित्रदालन

संदर्भदुवे 

Aldred, Cyril (1998). The Egyptians. Thames and Hudson: London.
Overy et al. (1999). The Times History of The World: New Edition. Times Books/Harper-Collins: London.

हेसुद्धा पहा
ऐतिहासिक नगरे
Cities of the Ancient Near East
Historical urban community sizes
List of American cities by year of foundation (includes ancient native sites)