Hawker zĩiga

Zĩ-kãnga yaa zĩig sẽn be zĩig sẽn be zug n be Hong Kong, Malezi la Singapor. B maana-b tɩ yɩ sõma tɩ b ra wa ne kom-bõoneg n yɩɩd kom-bɩɩsã, la b tara gãos-bõones wʋsg sẽn koosd rɩɩb buud toor-toore. Naoor wʋsgo, b kõt-b-la rɩɩb la b rɩtg taabl n kõ-b rɩɩbo.

Yaa taoor soab n get b kambã yelle, n get b sẽn na n paam n tɩ looge.

 Tẽns la tẽns sẽn pʋɩta 

 Hong Kong 
Sẽn yɩɩd fãa, Hong Kong wã, rɩɩb sẽn be wãbd zĩis wʋsg (熟食中心; bɩ rɩɩb sẽn yaa b sẽn dat n tɩge wãbg wãbg zĩisẽ, 熟食市場) yaa zĩis sẽn be tigisẽ wãbgẽ, wall b yaa gãn-tɩrga (b yaa zĩis wʋsg sẽn yaa tigisẽ), n pa tar sãnda bal ye (yakr sẽn yaa woto wã, Mong Kok Cooked Food Market wã bee Langham Place Hotel wã sẽn be tẽngrã). Sẽn na yɩl n tõog n tõog n paam rɩɩb sẽn yaa sõma, yaa rɩɩb sẽn pa sõma la sẽn yaa sõma.

Sẽn yɩɩd fãa, b ra tara noor tɩ b lebg n yiisd rɩɩb sẽn yaa b sẽn da nong n dɩtẽ wã. A Hong Kong goosneema wã ra getame tɩ b ra na n yiisda rɩɩb sẽn be b sẽn nong n dɩtã n yiisd-b roogẽ wã n yiisd b sẽn da boond tɩ dai pai dongã. Yʋʋm 1960 la 1970 wã sẽn zĩnd tigis-kãsemsã pʋgẽ, goosneema wã me lugla rɩɩb sẽn yaa b sẽn na n segl n kõ kamb sẽn tʋmd tʋʋm zĩisẽ wã, wala Kwun Tong, Tsuen Wan la Fo Tan.

Neb nins sẽn koosd rɩɩb sẽn yaa toor-toorã wã yaa neb sẽn pa tar yõod wʋsg.

 Malaysia 
Yʋʋmd 1950 wã pʋgẽ, b ra maanda yɩɩre tɩ b ra pa mi b sẽn na n maan bũmb ninsã ye. Sẽn na yɩl n tõog n tõog n gɩdg a Zeova Kaset rãmbã tʋʋmde, a Zeova Kaset rãmb nins sẽn be Kuala Lumpur wã ra wa n wa n wa rɩka b toog ne b sẽn na n maan bũmb ninsã.

Yʋʋm kobs sẽn pʋglẽ wã, b lebga sull ning sẽn get b yell n get b sẽn na n maan to-to wã, la b sõng-b tɩ b tõog n sõng-b b sẽn na yɩl n tõog n paam n paam n kõ-b-la b mens n kõ-ba. La yʋʋmd 1960 wã poor, b sɩngame n zab ne tʋʋm nins sẽn pa zems ne b sẽn maand ne b sẽn pa tar lisensã. Sẽn paase, b ra pa get b sẽn na n maan bũmb ning ne b sẽn na yɩl n paam laafɩ ye.

Yʋʋmd 1967 wã, b maana malɛzi wã pipi malɛk rãmb kamb a yiib ne a yiib Kuala Lumpur wã, tɩ yɩ sor sẽn na yɩl n paas yel-paalg noy la b yiis teedã teedẽ wã. La b sẽn sɩng n pa rat n maan woto wã, b wa n kẽnga tẽn-kãens n kẽng tẽn-kãens. [1] La b wʋsg ket n tʋmdẽ zĩis a taab pʋsẽ. Yaa a Zeova Kaset rãmbã n kõ-b lisens a yopoe wã. [1]

A Penang soolmẽ wã, b kɩtame tɩ b kẽng zĩ-dãmb wʋsg tɩ b tɩ moon koɛɛgã, bala, yel-paalgã la soayã yell paasame. B pa tõe n yiis b sẽn da yaa b sẽn da tar n na n maan bũmb ningã ye. Sẽn kẽed ne sẽn kẽed ne b sẽn pa mi n na n wa kẽ zĩig ning b sẽn da pa segd n wa n kẽngẽ wã pa noom ne sẽn kẽeda ne b sẽn na n wa n wa n paame wã ye. Yʋʋm 1980 la 1990 wã, tʋʋm wʋsg sẽn pa yɩ sõma wã kɩtame tɩ sãambã lebg n wa tʋmda tʋʋm wʋsg pʋgẽ. Yʋʋmd 2014 wã, b sẽn wa n togs tɩ tẽn-tẽnsã 68 pʋsẽ, b yãenda sãamb dãmb 119 sẽn yaa sãamb dãmb, b yãka noy sẽn gɩdg sãamb dãmb n maan rɩɩb wã, la b talla b poorẽ, n yaool n deeg-a yʋʋmd 2016. B ra yetame tɩ yaa sẽn na yɩl n kogl Penang tẽngã paoongã, la goosneema wã wilgame tɩ rɩɩb 13 n yaa roog sẽn yaa roog b sẽn kõ-dã; 10 yaa Sɩngr buud toor-toore, 2 yaa Tamil buud toor-toor la 1 yaa Maay buud toor-tòore. Neb nins sẽn da yaa sãambã ra ket n tõe n tʋmdame wa tʋʋm-tʋmdb, wall wa rɩɩb-dãmb rɩɩb zĩisẽ. [1]

Sẽn maand-b rɩɩb ne b sẽn tʋmd ne b sẽn yaa kãsmã yaa sẽn yɩɩd b taabã, n namsd b sẽn yaa tʋʋm-tʋmdbã. A Hawking yaa ned sẽn pa tar yõod wʋsg la a yaood pa sõma ye. [1] COVID-19 bãaga kɩtame tɩ b paam zu-loees a taab. [1] Penang tẽnga naaba pʋlemame tɩ b na n lebs n maneg Gurney Drive wã sẽn yaa tẽn-tẽnga sẽn yaa tẽnsa sẽn yaa sõma n yɩɩd fãa wã. [1] Sẽn yaa to-to wã, sẽn yaa tɩ b sẽn da yaa b sẽn da tʋmd ne b sẽn pa tar b sẽn tõe n tʋm ne b sẽn da pa segd n tʋm ne a Zeova wã, b sẽn da maand b tʋʋmã fãa Penang tẽnga pʋga, b sẽn maan b sẽn pa tõe n tʋm n yɩɩd a Zeova wã paoogame.

 Singapore 
Tẽns pʋsẽ, sẽn sɩng n yaa tẽn-kɩtbã, la sẽn sɩng n be yʋʋmd 1950 la 1960 wã, b ra pa le tar n yãgd tẽn-kɩttbã ye. Naoor wʋsgo, b ra naan naan naan naan wa ne neb sẽn pa tar lisens n na n maan rɩɩb sẽn pa yɩ yɩlg ne yĩns sõma wã. [1] Sẽn pa kaoos, b lebga b sẽn pa tar zĩig ning fãa wã, b sẽn wa n paasd b arzɛkã yĩnga, Malezi la Singapor tẽnsẽ wã neb wʋsg sẽn be tẽn-tẽnsã pʋsẽ. Sẽn yɩɩd fãa, Singapor tẽnga, b sẽn lebg n wa n lebg n lebg n wa rɩt rɩɩb zĩisã, yaa sẽn be zĩig pʋgẽ, sẽn tar tʋʋlg n yaa ne tʋʋlg sẽn yaa sõma, la sẽn be tigis-kãnga la zĩis a taab sẽn tar teedã.

Yʋʋm 1950 la 1960 wã, b ra getame tɩ b ra yaa neb nins sẽn pa tar ligd wʋsg n na n paam n paam n kẽed ne tẽn-kãense. B ra mii b rɩɩb tɩ pa yɩ yɩlem ye, tɩ rẽ fãa yaa b sẽn da nong n yãgdẽ rũm-dãmb la bõn-wẽns sẽn beẽ wã yĩnga. B sẽn da tʋmd ne koom-koglgã wã, b ra pa getẽ tɩ b ra segd n zãad-b-la sõma ye. Sẽn pa kaoos, tẽngã kom-bɩɩsã sẽn da rat tɩ b maan yel-manesmã manegame. Woto baooda lisensã noy pidsgu, tɩ yaa tɩlae tɩ b yɩ yɩ sõma tɩ b tõog n tʋm ne b mens sõma. [1] [2] A sẽn tar a 85% bɩ a sẽn ta rẽ wã kɩtdame t'a paam A, la a sẽn tar a D n yɩɩd yaa a sẽn paam a 40 wã n ta a 49% n tõog n tõog a noyã. B segd n wilga b sõor-kãensã ne b sẽn maand n maand n maand b sẽn datã. B sɩngame n na n le paasd b sẽn na n maan bũmb ninsã, la b leb n manegd b sẽn tõe n maan bũmb ningã.

Yʋʋmd 1987 wã, b yãka noy sẽn wilgd tɩ b segd n dɩtẽ la b yel-gɛtẽ wã. A 6 n kõ-b ligd sẽn ta US$ 400 (HK$ 2470). B na n sɩbga ned sã n maan bũmb sẽn yaa wẽng n yɩɩd a taabã, wala b sẽn kɩt tɩ bũmb sẽn yaa rẽgd wa kẽ ne rɩɩb pʋgẽ. Ned sã n pa wilg a sẽn kõ-a lisensã, a na n paama ligd sẽn ta US$ 200 la a na n sɩbg-a. [1]

Singapore tẽnga tigis-kãsems yaa goosneema rãmb a tãabo n so, sẽn yaa: tẽnga siglgã siglgã (NEA) sẽn be siglgã sigla siglgã (MSE), tẽnga gãdga la yiri yiri la yiri la yiri siglgã (HDB) la JTC Corporation. B sẽn yaa HDB ne NEA zu-soaba fãa, NEA me n get b yelle, tɩ tẽnga pʋga kom-bɩɩsã zãadẽ wã zãadẽ la b zãadẽ. B sẽn yaa JTC-bã, b zãada b mens n kõ b mens. [1]

Yʋʋmd 2011 soabã pʋgẽ, Singapore wilgame tɩ b na n maana tigis-kãsems 10 sẽn na yɩl n tõog n tɩ looge, tɩ yaa sẽn zems ne tigis-n-taag 600 yʋʋm piig sẽn pʋgdã pʋgẽ. Woto na n kɩtame tɩ rɩɩb ligd tall pãnga, la wakat fãa, a na n boogame. [1]

Yʋʋmd 2016 wã, Singapore wã rɩɩb roog a yiib sẽn be wã, sẽn be halkẽ wã zĩisẽ wã lebga pipi roog rɩɩb raab sẽn paam Michelin tɩɩg rɩɩb sẽn yaa sõma wã yĩnga. A sẽn da na n wa n tɩ yi wã yaa Hong Kong Soya Sauce Chicken Rice ne Noodle la Hill Street Tai Hwa Pork Noodle. Yʋʋmd 2019 wã, b kõo zak-kẽeng dãmb 40 b sẽn boond tɩ "Michelin Star" la "Bib Gourmand" Singapor. Yʋʋmd 2023 wã, b ra yaa neb wʋsg n be be tẽn-kãnga pʋgẽ. [1]

Yʋʋmd 2019 soabã pʋgẽ, Singapore ningda a sẽn na n yãk-a n na n kẽes a sẽn na yɩl n tall a sẽn na-n paam n paam n paam a sẽn na paam n paam-a wã UNESCO sẽn na n wilg a sẽn na maan bũmb ning sẽn pa tar yõod ne ninsaalbã. [1] B wilgame tɩ b ra na n dɩtẽ yʋʋmd 2020 yʋʋm-nif kiuug rasem 16 wã, UNESCO sẽn wilg tɩ b ra rɩtẽ wã yaa "kẽng sẽn be zĩig ning b sẽn boond tɩ "kẽnga sẽn be zĩig fãa" wã, tɩ b na n zĩnd n dɩtẽ, tɩ b rɩtẽ la b rɩtẽ". [1]

Sẽn sɩng ne sigt kiuug rasem a 1, 2021, yaa yel-wẽn-maand n bas rɩɩb bĩng ne bĩng, bĩng-bĩng, a sẽn da zãad ne a taab, a sẽn zãad ne bũmb ning a sẽn zãag ne a to wã, a sẽn yũud ne a to, a sẽn pakd rɩɩb bẽng, a yũud ne bĩnd, a sẽn dɩkd plastik koom bottl, a rɩtg sẽn kell n kõ wã, la a sã n bas bũmb a to wã. B na n kõo ned ning sẽn maand-a tʋʋm-wẽns naoor a ye wã keoogr gʋls pʋgẽ. Sẽn maand-b yel-wẽn naoor a yiib-n-soabã na n paama ligd sẽn ta doolaar 300 la b na n paama bʋ-kaoodb sẽn na n sɩbg-b to-to wã. [1]

 Tẽnga sẽn be tẽn-tẽngã (New York City) 
Yʋʋmd 2022 bõn-bɩʋʋng kiuug rasem 21 wã, b tʋla ne b sẽn boond tɩ Singapore wã sẽn na yɩl n paam n paam n bãng b sẽn tõe n maan bũmb ninsã. A Anthony Bourdain sẽn wa n be Singapor n wa n na n maan b tʋʋmdã, n sɩng n gom-a yʋʋmd 2013 wã. A Seetoh rɩka naam a Bourdain kũumã poore, yʋʋmd 2018 pʋgẽ. [1] A yaa tẽng sẽn boond tɩ Urban Hawker, a koosda ne Singapore wã rɩɩb sẽn yaa toor-toorã, la a sẽn tar-b wʋsg yaa Singapore. [19] [20] [21]

 Ges-y me 

 Cha chaan teng Hong Kong diner
 Dhaba Indian roadside diner
 Diner American roadside dining
 Hawker (trade)
 Kopi tiam, Malayan coffee shop
 Pasar malam, Malayan night market
 Food court western style
 Greasy spoon in the US and Britain
 Mamak stall Malayan road stall
 Truck stop in North America
 Night market

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