ဝေါဟာရ ဗေဒသဏ္ဌာန် တၞး

ဗွဲသၟဝ်ဝွံ မဒှ်အရာ မပံက်ပွံက် ယၟုဝေါဟာရ ပ္ဍဲအရာမစကာ ကာလ ဗၟံက်ထ္ၜး ဗီုသဏ္ဌာန် တၞးဆု တၞံဆုဂမၠိုင်ရ၊၊ တၞးဆုတအ်ဂှ် လ္ၚဵုရံင်ကြပ်တုပ်ကီုလေဝ် တၞးဆုတအ်ဂှ် မွဲတၞးကဵုမွဲတၞး ဗီုသဏ္ဌာန်ဍေဟ် ဟွံတုပ် ရေင်သကအ်ရ၊၊ တၞုင်တၞးတအ်ဂှ် လ္ၚဵုမ္ဂး ဒှ်ဗီုဓမ္မတာ၊ လ္ၚဵုဗီုဓမ္မတာဟွံသေင်၊ လ္ၚဵု ကလိတ်တုဲ လ္ၚဵု မၞုံကဵုကသော်၊ လ္ၚဵုဓရအ် လ္ၚဵု မၞုံကဵု ဇလ မြဴသာ်ဝွံ ဟွံတုပ်ရေင်သကအ်ရ၊၊ တၞဟ်နဂွံပါ် ဗီုသဏ္ဌာန်တအ်ဂွံတုဲ ကဵုလဝ်ယၟု အတိုင်ဗွဲသၟဝ်ဏအ်ရ၊


ဗီုလဒက်ပ္တန် တၞး (Leaf structure)


တၞး နူတၞံဗွဲမဂၠိုင်မ္ဂး နွံကဵု ဗီုလဒက်ပ္တန် မထပေဟ် မကော်ဂး သၠ၊ ဆဂး တၞးသီုဖအိုတ်ဂှ် ထပေဟ်ဒၟံင် ဖအိုတ် ဟွံသေင်၊ လ္ၚဵုဂှ် ထၜေါမ် (cylindrical)လေဝ် နွံကီုရ၊၊ တၞး ဗွဲမဂၠိုင်တအ်ဂှ် မွဲတၞး မွဲဓဝ်လေဝ်နွံကီု လ္ၚဵုဂှ် ဒှ်ဒၟံင်ကမာ မဂၠိုင်ကဵုတၞး မစာတ်ဗာန်ဒၟံင်လေဝ် နွံကီုရ၊၊ တၞံပ္ကဴဂမၠိုင်မ္ဂး ညံင်ရဴမၞုံကဵုတၞး သၠမွဲတၞးဂှ် ပ္ဍဲတဝ်တၞးမွဲဂှ် နွံကဵုတၞးဗွဲမဂၠိုင် မကော်စ petiole၊ တုဲပၠန် နွံကဵု ဓရှ် (stipule) မပံင်ပကောံလဝ် နကဵုတဝ် (rachis) လေဝ် နွံကီုရ၊၊ 

 ဗီုရုပ် (Image) ဝေါဟာရ (Term) လေတ္တေန် (Latin) ဗမံက်ထ္ၜး (Description) 64px  ဒွိပဏ္ဏ (bifoliolate)   မၞုံကဵု သၠတၞး ၜါ (Having two leaflets)  ကဝါန် (geminate) ကမာ (jugate) 64px ဒွိကဝါန် (bigeminate)   မၞုံကဵု သၠတၞးၜါ၊ ဇၟာပ်သၠတၞး နွံကဵု ကဝါန် (Having two leaflets, each leaflet being bifoliolate) 64px  ဒွိဇၟန်ကဝါန် (bipinnate)  bipinnatus  အလဵုဇကု သၠတၞးတအ်ဂှ် မဒက်ပ္တန်လဝ် နကဵုဇၟန်တုဲ ဇၟန်ဂှ် နွံကဵုကဝါန် (The leaflets are themselves pinnately-compound; twice pinnate) 64px  ဒွိတြိပဏ္ဏ (biternate)   နွံကဵု ပိထာင် ဇၟာပ်ထာင် မၞုံကဵု သၠတၞးပိ (With three components, each with three leaflets) 64px  ဒိုဟ်ဇၟန်ကဝါန်(imparipinnate)   မၞုံကဵု သၠတၞး အထောတ်မွဲတုဲ ဇၟန်ကဝါန် မၞုံကဵုသၠတၞးဇၞော်ဇၞော် (With an odd number of leaflets, pinnate with a terminal leaflet (the opposite of paripinnate)) မွဲဒိုဟ်-ဇၟန်ကဝါန် (odd-pinnate)  64px  လ္ၚောဝ်ဇၟန်ကဝါန် (paripinnate)]]   ဇၟန်ကဝါန် မၞုံကဵု လၟိဟ်သၠတၞး သီုၜါလပါ် တုပ်ပ် (Pinnate with an even number of leaflets, lacking a terminal leaflet (the opposite of imparipinnate)) လၟိဟ်တုပ်-ဇၟန်ကဝါန် (even-pinnate)  64px  ဒွန်တောဲ နဲဂတာတဲ (palmately compound)   မတောဲဗစိုပ်လဝ် သၠတၞးတအ် သီုဖအိုတ် ပ္ဍဲဗဟဵုမွဲဒၞာဲ(Consisting of leaflets all radiating from one point)  ဒွန်တောဲ ဇၟန်ကဝါန်(pinnately compound)   မၞုံကဵု သၠတၞးၜါကရုင် ပ္ဍဲတၞုင်တဝ်ဂှ် နွံသၠတၞးမွဲ (ရံင် ဒိုဟ်ဇၟန်ကဝါန် ကေုာံ လ္ၚောဝ်ဇၟန်ကဝါန်) (Having two rows of leaflets on opposite sides of a central axis, see imparipinnate and paripinnate)64px  သောင်ရောင်(simple)   တၞး မွဲတၞးဓဝ် ဟွံမဲ ကဵုသၠတၞး (ဟွံမဲကဵု ဒွန်တောဲ) (Leaf blade in one continuous section, without leaflets (not compound)) 64px  တြိပဏ္ဏ(ternate)  (ternatus)  မၞုံကဵု သၠတၞး ပိ (With three leaflets) တြိသၠတၞး (trifoliate) (trifoliatus) (trifoliolate) (trifoliolatus) 64px  တြိဇၟန်ကဝါန် (tripinnate  (tripinnatus)  ဒွန်တောဲ နကဵု ဇၟန်ကဝါန် ပ္ဍဲဇၟာပ်သၠတၞးဂှ် နွံကဵုဇၟန်ကဝါန်မွဲမွဲ (Pinnately compound in which each leaflet is itself bipinnate)

 ဗီုပြင်တၞး ကေုာံ သၠတၞး(Leaf and leaflet shapes) 

အရာတၟေင် ကေုာံ ဗီုပြင် တၞးတအ်ဂှ် ဒှ်အရာ သွက်ဂွံစၟတ်သမ္တီ ဗၟံက်ထ္ၜး ပါ် ဂကူတၞံဆု နာနာတအ်ရ၊၊ ပါဲနူဂှ်တုဲ ဗီုပြင် သဏ္ဌာန်ပ္ကဴတအ်လေဝ် စကာ ပ္ဍဲအရာ မပါ်စၟတ်သမ္တီ ဂကူတၞံဆုတအ်ကီုရ၊၊




ဗီုရုပ် 
(Image) 
ဝေါဟာရ 
(Term) 
လေတ္တေန် 
(Latin) 
စၞောန် ဒၞာဲအဓိက မၞုံဒၟံင် 
(Refers principally to) 
ဗမံက်ထ္ၜး 
(Description) 64px  တၞိင်စာမ် ()    အလုံမွဲတၞး (entire leaf)  သောဲ တုဲ ကေက် ညံင်ကဵုတၞုင် (Slender and pointed, needle-like.) 64px  တၞုင်စာမ်()    ကၞောတ် တၞး (leaf tip)  မသောဲကေက်အာ နူကဵုလဒေါဝ် (Tapering to a long point in a concave manner.) 64px  အခုတ် ()   ကၞောတ် (ဟွံ) တမ်တၞး (leaf tip or base)  ကၞောတ် ကဵု တမ် တုပ်သၟဟ် - မၞုံကဵု ကၞောတ် မကေက် ဇမၠေအ်၊ ဒကဴ အောန်နူ 90° ဒဳဂရဳ (Pointed, having a short sharp apex angled less than 90°.) 64px  အခုတ္ထမုက်()    ကၞောတ်တၞး (leaf tip)  သောဲဍောတ်စှ်ေတုဲ ပ္ဍဲကၞောတ် နွံကဵု ထမုက် မသောဲကေက် (Tapering and ending in a short, slender point.) 64px  တၞုၚ်သောဲကေက်()    ကၞောတ်တၞး(leaf tip) မကယျောဝ်သောဲစှ်ေ တၞုင်ဂၠိၚ်ကေက် (Ending in a stiff, bristle-like point.) 64px  ထၞောတ်()   တမ်တၞး (leaf base)  မၞုံကဵု ဗီုပြင်တၞး မဍောတ်သောဲစှ်ေ လပါ်တဝ်တုဲ ပ္ဍဲတဝ် ၜါလပါ် မၞုံကဵုတၞးညိည (Having leaf tissue taper down the petiole to a narrow base, always having some leaf material on each side of the petiole.) 64px  ကတောဝ် ()   တမ်တၞး (leaf base) မၞုံကဵု ကတောဝ် ၜါလပါ် ပ္ဍဲဒၞာဲမကြပ် ကုတဝ် (ဟွံ) တမ် (တန်တဴကဵု ဒၞာဲလဵု တၞးမၞုံ) (Having ear-shaped appendages reaching beyond the attachment to the petiole or to the stem (in case of a seated leaf).)  သက်သၟဟ်()   အလုံမွဲတၞး (entire leaf)  ဗီုပြင်တၞး မွဲလပါ် ကု မွဲလပါ် ဟွံတုပ်သၟဟ် ရေင်သကအ် (With the blade shape different on each side of the midrib.) 64px  ဗတ ()   ကၞောတ်တၞး (leaf tip)  မဂၠိင်တိတ် ဒၞာဲ ပ္ဍဲကၞောတ် ညံင်ကဵု ဗတ (Tailed at the apex.) 64px  ဟဒယ ()    အလုံမွဲတၞး(entire leaf)  မတုပ်ဗီုပြင် ကောန်တၟအ် ဟဒယ တဝ် (ဟွံ) တမ် နွံ ဒၞာဲသလံက် (Heart-shaped, with the petiole or stem attached to the notch.) 64px      leaf base  Triangular, wedge-shaped, stem attaches to point. 64px     leaf tip  With a sharp, elongated, rigid tip; tipped with a cusp. 64px   or deltate    entire leaf  Shaped like Greek letter Delta, triangular, stem attaches to side. 64px      entire leaf  With finger-like lobes, similar to palmate.Also used to describe compound leaves with finger-like leaflets. 64px      entire leaf  Oval, with a short or no point. 64px      entire leaf  Shaped like a sword, long and narrow with a sharp pointed tip. 64px     leaf tip  Slightly indented at the tip. 64px      entire leaf  Sickle-shaped. 64px     surface features  Large openings through the leaf, see perforate. Sometimes use to describes leaf epidermal windows. 64px      entire leaf  Thread- or filament-shaped. 64px      entire leaf  Semi-circular, or fan-like. 64px      entire leaf  Spear-shaped: Pointed, with barbs, shaped like a spear point, with flaring pointed lobes at the base. 64px     entire leaf  Very deeply lobed, the lobes being very drawn out, often making the leaf look somewhat like a branch or a pitchfork. 64px      entire leaf  Long, wider in the middle, shaped like a lance tip.      Flat (like most leaves) 64px      entire leaf  Long and very narrow like a blade of grass. 64px      entire leaf  Being divided by clefts, may be pinnately lobed or palmately lobed. 64px      entire leaf  Having the form of a thong or strap. 64px      entire leaf  Shaped like a lyre, pinnately lobed leaf with an enlarged terminal lobe and smaller lateral lobes.   64px     leaf tip  Ending abruptly in a small sharp point as a continuation of the midrib.Mucronate , Answers.com, from Roget's Thesaurus. 64px     +   entire leaf  Cleft into many parts or lobes. 64px      entire leaf  Heart-shaped, stem attaches at the tapering end. 64px      entire leaf  Much longer than wide and with the widest portion near the tip, reversed lanceolate. 64px     leaf base  Asymmetrical leaf base, with one side lower than the other 64px      entire leaf  Having an elongated form with slightly parallel sides, roughly rectangular. 72px      entire leaf  Teardrop-shaped, stem attaches to the tapering end; reversed ovate.  obtrullate   entire leaf  Reversed trullate, the longer sides meet at the base rather than the apex. 64px      tip  Blunt, forming an angle > 90°. 64px      entire leaf  Circular. 64px      entire leaf  Oval, egg-shaped, with a tapering point and the widest portion near the petiole. 64px      entire leaf  Palm-shaped, i.e., with lobes or leaflets stemming from the leaf base. 64px      entire leaf  Lobes spread radially from a point.  64px     +   entire leaf  Palm-shaped, having lobes with incisions that extend less than half-way toward the petiole. 64px     +   entire leaf  Having lobes with incisions that extend over half-way toward the petiole. 64px     +   entire leaf  Having lobes with incisions that extend almost up, but not quite to the petiole. 64px     entire leaf  Fiddle-shaped; obovate with a constriction near the middle. 64px      entire leaf  Palmate, with cleft lobes. 64px      stem attachment  A round leaf where the petiole attaches near the center.  An example would be a lotus leaf. 64px      stem attachment  With the leaf blade surrounding the stem such that the stem appears to pass through the leaf. 64px      leaf surface features Many holes, or perforations on leaf surface. Compare with fenestrate. 64px  lobed   +   entire leaf  Having lobes pinnately arranged on the central axis. 64px     +   entire leaf  Having lobes with incisions that extend less than half-way toward the midrib. 64px     +   entire leaf  Having lobes with incisions that extend more than half-way toward the midrib. 64px     +   entire leaf  Having lobes with incisions that extend almost, or up to midrib. 64px      3-d shape  Folded into pleats, usually lengthwise, serving the function of stiffening a large leaf. 64px      entire leaf  Shaped like a kidney: an oval with an inward curve on one side. 64px     leaf tip  With a shallow notch in a round apex. 64px   or rhombic    entire leaf  Diamond-shaped. 64px      leaf tip or base  Circular, no distinct point.  semiterete   3-d shape  Rounded on one side, but flat on the other. 64px    3-d shape  Circularly-lobed kind of leaves 64px      entire leaf  Arrowhead-shaped with the lower lobes folded, or curled downward 64px      entire leaf  Spoon-shaped; having a broad flat end which tapers to the base 64px  -shaped   entire leaf  see hastate. 64px      leaf tip or base  Somewhat blunted, neither blunt nor sharp 64px      leaf tip  Awl-shaped with a tapering point 64px     3-d shape  Circular in cross-section; more or less cylindrical without grooves or ridges. 64px     entire leaf  Shaped like a bricklayer's trowel 64px      leaf tip or base  With a squared-off end      3-d shape  Wave-like 64px      compound leaves  With a single leaflet. It is distinct from a simple leaf by the presence of two abcission layers and often by petiolules and stipels

 Edge 

Leaf margins (edges) are frequently used in visual plant identification because they are usually consistent within a species or group of species, and are an easy characteristic to observe. Edge and margin are interchangeable in the sense that they both refer to the outside perimeter of a leaf.

 Image Term Latin adjective Description 64px    Formaintegra  Even; with a smooth margin; without toothing 64px    ciliatus  Fringed with hairs 64px    crenatus  Wavy-toothed; dentate with rounded teeth  crenulate  Finely crenate  crispus  curly 64px    dentatus  Toothed. May be coarsely dentate, having large teeth, or glandular dentate, having teeth which bear glands 64px    denticulatus  Finely toothed 64px    duplicato-dentatus  Each tooth bearing smaller teeth 64px    serratus  Saw-toothed; with asymmetrical teeth pointing forward 64px    serrulatus  Finely serrate 64px    sinuosus  With deep, wave-like indentations; coarsely crenate 64px    lobatus  Indented, with the indentations not reaching the center  lobulatus  With small lobes 64px    undulatus  With a wavy edge, shallower than sinuate 64px   or   spiculatus  With stiff, sharp points such as thistles

Leaf folding

Leaves may also be folded or rolled in various ways. The folding of leaves within a bud is vernation, ptyxis is the folding of an individual leaf in a bud.

 Image Term Latin Description or keeled  carinatus  with a longitudinal ridge   folded upwards, with the surfaces close to parallel64px    forming a hood, margins and tip curved downward   rolled upwards (towards the adaxial surface) 64px    plicatus  with parallel folds   folded downwards, with the surfaces close to parallel 64px     rolled downwards (towards the abaxial surface)   opposing left and right halves of lamina folded along longitudinal axis, with one half rolled completely within the other

Latin descriptions

The Latin word for 'leaf', , is neuter. In descriptions of a single leaf, the neuter singular ending of the adjective is used, e.g.  'lanceolate leaf',  'linear leaf'. In descriptions of multiple leaves, the neuter plural is used, e.g.  'linear leaves'. Descriptions commonly refer to the plant using the ablative singular or plural, e.g.  'with ovate leaves'.

See also

 Glossary of botanical terms

 Cladophylls are leaf-like petioles

 Leaf size

 Sinus

 Leaflet (botany) and Rachis

 Petiole (botany) and Plant stem

 Phylloclades are flattened stems that resemble leaves

 Pinnation

 Plant morphology

 Taxonomy (biology)

References

 Bibliography 



 , in 

 , in 



 External links 

 The Description of Leaves, University of Rochester

 Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden

 Vplants 

 Botany 115 

 The seed site

Category:Glossaries of botany

Category:Plant morphology

Category:Leaves
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