တိုင်

တိုင် () ဂှ် ဗၞတ်ဗ္ၜတ် ဇမၠိင် လၟိဟ်မတုပ် ကု ၅,၂၈၀ ပေ၊ ဟွံသေင်မ္ဂး တုပ်ကဵု ၁,၇၆၀ ယာဒ် (yard) တုဲပၠန် ဟီုနကဵု မဳတာမ္ဂး နွံ ၁,၆၀၉.၃၄၄ မဳတာ။ တိုင်ဂှ် ဒှ်သၞောတ်ဗ္ၜတ် အင်္ဂလိက်တုဲ မဳတာဂှ် စတမ်နူ သၞာံ ၁၉၅၉ ဂှ် စၟတ်သမ္တီလဝ် သၞောတ်ဗ္ၜတ်ဂၠးတိရ။ 

တိုင်ဂှ် ဍုင်မွဲကုမွဲ စၟတ်သမ္တီလဝ် တၞဟ်ခြာရေင်သကအ်ရ။ တိုင်ရဝ်မ ဂှ် နွံ (၁.၈၅၂ ကဳလဝ်မဳတာ)၊ တိုင်ကြုက်ဂှ် နွံ ၅၀၀ မဳတာ။ တိုင်ရဝ်မဂှ် ညးပိုင်ခြာနွံ မွဲတိုင်ဂှ် နွံ ၅,၀၀၀ ၝောအ်ရဝ်မ။ ဟိုတ်နူ ကဝ်လဝ်နဳဗြိတိန်တုဲ မာင်/တိုင်အင်္ဂလိက်ဂှ် စိုပ်အာ ဍုင်ကဝ်လဝ်နဳ သီုကဵု ဍုင်မန်ဗၟာတုဲ စဵုကဵုလၟုဟ် စကာဒၟံင် တိုင်ဏီဖိုဟ်ရ။ နကဵု ကၟိန်ဍုင်အမေရိကာန်မ္ဂး နကဵုပ္ဍဲသၞောဝ်မ္ဂး စကာ မဳတာကီုလေဝ် ဒေတာဗ္ၜတ်တြေံနူ ၁၉၂၇ မ္ဂး စကာလဝ် တိုင် (6336/3937 km) ကီုရ။ စၞးမစကာတိုင်ဂှ် ဍုင်ဗွဲမဂၠိုင် သၠာဲစကာ မဳတာကီုလေဝ် ဍုင်ဗွဲမဂၠိုင် မပ္တံ ကုလဳဗိယျာ၊ ဗြိတိန်၊ ကေုာံ ဍုင်ကဝ်လဝ်နဳအင်္ဂလိက်တြေံ သီုကဵု ဍုင်မန်ဗၟာဂှ် စကာဒၟံင် တိုင်ဖိုဟ်ဏီရ။ 

အတိုင်ဗ္ၜတ် မစကာဒၟံင် ပ္ဍဲဍုင်မန်ဗၟာဂှ် အတိုင်ဗွဲသၟဝ်ဝွံရ။

၁၂ ၝောအ်တဲ ၁ ပေ၊

၃ ပေ ၁ ဂေက်၊

၂၂ ဂေက် ၁ ဇုက်ပသဲ၊

၁၀ ဇိုက်ပသဲ ၁ ဖာလုံ၊

၈ ဖာလုံ ၁ တိုင်။ 

တိုင်ဂှ် နကဵုဘာသာအင်္ဂလိက် ချူဖ္ဍန် m. ပ္ဍဲအခိင်အတိက်ကီုလေဝ် လၟုဟ်မ္ဂး ချူ mi သွက်ဂွံဝေင်ပါဲ တၞဟ်ခြာကဵု မဳတာရ။ ဆဂးဂှ် ဖ္ဍန် ဒဳ ပွိုင်မွဲနာဍဳ ဂှ် ဆက်ချူဒၟံင် နကဵု mph ဖိုဟ်ရ။ 

 ယၟု 
မအရေဝ်အင်္ဂလိက် ခေတ်လၟုဟ် mile ဂှ် ကၠုင်နူ အင်္ဂလိက်လဒေါဝ်  အင်္ဂလိက်တြေံ  မဒှ်ဝေါဟာရ အလုံဂကူဗဳဇဂျာမနိစ် မွဲရ။ တမ်မူလဍေဟ်ဂှ် ကၠုင်နူ  (mile) ဗဟုဝစ်  (miles) မဒှ် တိုင်ရဝ်မ မဂွံအဓိပ္ပါယ် မွဲလ္ၚီလဂါံ။

နကဵုဘာသာမန် "တိုင်" ဂှ် ၜိုန်ရ ကေတ်လဝ် လၟိဟ်ဗ္ၜတ် အတိုင်အင်္ဂလိက်ကီုလေဝ် မဝေါဟာရ "တိုင်" ဂှ် ကၠုင်နူအရေဝ်မန် မဂွံအဓိပ္ပါယ် မွဲတိုင်(ဆု)ဒှ်ရမာန်ရ။ ဒုင်သဇိုင် ကုဗၞတ်ဗ္ၜတ်မန်တြေံ မကော်ဂးတုဲ ကေတ်မအရေဝ်ဂှ်တုဲ စကာကၠုင် ပ္ဍဲအရာ မၜတ် အတိုင်ဗ္ၜတ်အင်္ဂလိက်ရ။ ဗၟာ "မိုင်" ဂှ် လွဳဗ္စ နူအင်္ဂလိက် သီုဗ္ၜတ် သီုဝေါဟာရရ။ 

 ခံက်အင် ၜတ်ကၞာတ် 
စၟတ်သမ္တီ မွဲတိုင် ဍုင်မွဲကုမွဲ ဟွံတုပ် ရေင်သကအ်တုဲ ပ္ဍဲဍုင်မွဲမွဲပၠန် အခိင်အခါတၞဟ်ခြာမ္ဂး ဗၞတ်ဗ္ၜတ်လေဝ် တၞဟ်ခြာကီုဂှ် ဂွံဆဵုကေတ် ပ္ဍဲခံက်အင် ဗွဲသၟဝ်ဝွံမာန်ရ။ တိုင် ယူရောပ်ပလိုတ်ဂှ် ဂၠေအ်တုဲ တိုင်ယူရောပ်ဗၟံက်၊ လဒေါဝ် ကေုာံ သၟဝ်ကျာဂှ် ဂၠိင်ရ။ 
Length (m)NameCountry usedFromToDefinitionRemarks0960–1,152talmudic milPalestineBiblical and Talmudic units of measurement01,480mille passus, milliariumRoman EmpireAncient Roman units of measurement01,486.6miglioSicily01,524London mileEngland01,609.3426(statute) mileGreat Britain159219591,760 yardsOver the course of time, the length of a yard changed several times and consequently so did the English, and from 1824, the imperial mile. The statute mile was introduced in 1592 during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I01,609.344milesome Anglosaxon countries1959today1760 yardsIn 1 July 1959 the imperial mile was standardized to an exact length in metres01,609.3472(statute) mileUnited States1893today1,760 yardsFrom 1959 also called the U.S. Survey Mile. From then its only utility has been land survey, before it was the standard mile. From 1893 its exact length in metres was: 3600/3937 × 176001,820Italy01,852nautical mileinternationaltodayapprox. 1 minute of arcMeasured at a circumference of 40,000 km. Abbreviation: NM, nm01,852.3(for comparison)1 meridian minute01,853.181nautical mileTurkey01,855.4(for comparison)1 equatorial minuteAlthough the NM was defined on the basis of the minute, it varies from the equatorial minute, because at that time the circumference of the equator could only be estimated at 40,000 km.02,065Portugal02,220Gallo-Roman leagueGallo-Roman culture1.5 milesUnder the reign of Emperor Septimius Severus, this replaced the Roman mile as the official unit of distance in the Gallic and Germanic provinces, although there were regional and temporal variations.02,470Sardinia, Piemont02,622Scotland02,880Ireland03,780Flanders03,898French lieue (post league)France2,000 "body lengths"04,000general or metric league04,000legueGuatemala04,190legueMexico= 2,500 tresas = 5,000 varas04,444.8landleuge° of a circle of longitude04,452.2lieue communeFranceUnits of measurement in France before the French Revolution04,513legueParaguay04,513leguaChile, (Guatemala, Haiti)= 36 cuadros = 5400 varas04,808Switzerland04,828English land leagueEngland3 miles04,80004,900Germanic rasta, also doppelleuge (double league)05,000légua novaPortugal05,196leguaBolivia= 40 ladres05,152legua argentinaArgentina, Buenos Aires= 6,000 varas05,154legueUruguay05,200Bolivian leguaBolivia05,370legueVenezuela05,500Portuguese leguaPortugal05,510legueEcuador05,510Ecuadorian leguaEcuador05,532.5Landleuge(state league)Prussia05,540legueHonduras05,556Seeleuge (nautical league)° of a circle of longitude 3 nautical miles05,570leguaSpain and ChileSpanish customary units05,572leguaColombia= 3 Millas05,572.7leguePeru= 20,000 feet05,572.7legua antiguaold leagueSpain= 3 millas = 15,000 feet05,590léguaBrazil= 5,000 varas = 2,500 bracas05,600Brazilian leguaBrazil05,685Fersah (Turkish league)Ottoman Empire19334 Turkish milesDerived from Persian Parasang.05,840Dutch mileHolland06,170milltirWales13thC9000 camau ( = 27 000 troedfeddi = 243 000 inches)Eclipsed by the conquest of Wales by Edward I06,197légua antigaPortugal= 3 milhas = 24 estadios06,240Persian leguePersia06,277Luxembourg06,280Belgium06,687.24legua nuevanew league, since 1766Spain= 8,000 varas06,797Landvermessermeile(state survey mile)Saxony07,400Netherlands07,409(for comparison)4 meridian minutes07,419.2Kingdom of Hanover07,419.4Duchy of Brunswick07,420.407,414.9Bavaria07,420.439geographic mile equatorial grads  07,421.6(for comparison)4 equatorial minutes07,448.7Württemberg07,450Hohenzollern07,467.6Russia7 verstObsolete Russian units of measurement07,480Bohemia07,500kleine / neue Postmeile(small/new postal mile)Saxony1840German Empire, North German Confederation, Grand Duchy of Hesse, Russia07,532.5Land(es)meile(German state mile)Denmark, Hamburg, Prussiaprimarily for Denmark defined by Ole Rømer07,585.9Postmeile(post mile)Austro-HungaryAustrian units of measurement07,850MilăRomania08,800Schleswig-Holstein08,888.89Baden09,062mittlere Post- / Polizeimeile(middle post mile or police mile)Saxony172209,206.3Electorate of Hesse09,261.4(for comparison)5 meridian minutes09,277(for comparison)5 equatorial minutes09,323alte Landmeile(old state mile)Hanover183609,347alte Landmeile(old state mile)Hanover183609,869.6Oldenburg10,000metric mile, Scandinavian mileNorway, Swedenstill commonly used today, e. g. for road distances.; equates to the myriametre10,044große Meile(great mile)Westphalia10,670Finland10.688.54milSweden1889In normal speech, "mil" means a Scandinavian mile of 10 km.11,113.7(for comparison)6 meridian minutes11,132.4(for comparison)6 equatorial minutes11,299milNorwaywas equivalent to 3000 Rhenish rods.

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ကဏ္ဍ:ဗ္ၜတ်
ကဏ္ဍ:BEHM