ꯈꯪꯕꯒꯤ ꯅꯤꯡꯇꯝꯕ

ꯏꯅꯐꯣꯔꯃꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯤꯗꯝ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯏꯅꯐꯣꯔꯃꯦꯁꯟ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯅꯤꯡꯇꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯤ꯫ ꯏꯅꯐꯣꯔꯃꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯦꯁ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯏꯅꯐꯣꯔꯃꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯏꯐꯦꯛꯇꯤꯚ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯕꯥ, ꯂꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯕꯗꯨꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ "ꯁꯥꯏꯟꯇꯤꯐꯤꯛ, ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯖꯦꯅꯁ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯁꯅꯦꯜ ꯅꯣꯂꯦꯖ; ꯏꯅꯐꯣꯔꯃꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯤꯗꯝ, ꯑꯣꯄꯟ ꯅꯣꯂꯦꯖ ꯔꯤꯁꯣꯔꯁꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯃꯒꯠꯄꯥ, ꯑꯣꯄꯟ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯅꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯄꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯎꯅꯥ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯄꯟ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯦꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯦꯇꯥ ꯐꯪꯍꯅꯕꯥ; ꯗꯤꯖꯤꯇꯦꯜ ꯍꯦꯔꯤꯇꯦꯖ ꯉꯥꯛꯇꯨꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯕꯥ; ꯀꯂꯆꯔꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯤꯉ꯭ꯒꯨꯏꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯛ ꯗꯥꯏꯕꯔꯁꯤꯇꯤꯕꯨ ꯏꯀꯥꯏꯈꯨꯝꯅꯕꯥ, ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ" ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯎꯏ꯫ ꯌꯧꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯕꯥ ꯂꯣꯂꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯣꯀꯦꯜ ꯀꯟꯇꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯐꯪꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯍꯅꯕꯥ, ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯆꯨꯞꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏ-ꯂꯔꯅꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯄꯨꯝ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯃꯒꯨꯟ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯖꯨꯀꯦꯁꯟ, ꯑꯅꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯗꯤꯌꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯅꯐꯣꯔꯃꯦꯁꯟ ꯂꯤꯇꯔꯦꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯤꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯅꯂꯥꯏꯟꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯁꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯏꯅꯛꯂꯨꯖꯟ, ꯁ꯭ꯀꯤꯂꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯦꯖꯨꯀꯦꯁꯟ, ꯖꯦꯟꯗꯔ, ꯆꯍꯤ, ꯖꯥꯇꯤ, ꯏꯊꯅꯤꯛ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯤꯁꯑꯦꯕꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯦꯁꯤꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ;ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯣꯕꯥꯏꯜ, ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯅꯦꯠ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯣꯗꯕꯦꯟꯗ ꯏꯅꯐ꯭ꯔꯥꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯅꯥ ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯍꯣꯡꯕꯥ ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯁꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯃꯒꯠꯄꯥ"꯫http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0023/002325/232563E.pdfhttp://www.unesco.org/ulis/cgi-bin/ulis.pl?catno=261065&set=005B054385_2_76&gp=1&lin=1&ll=1

ꯏꯅꯐꯣꯔꯃꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯄꯟ ꯄꯕ꯭ꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯎꯅꯥ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯤꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯏꯅꯐꯣꯔꯃꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯑꯥꯏꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯎꯅꯥ, ꯁꯔꯀꯥꯔꯒꯤ ꯏꯅꯐꯣꯔꯃꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯐꯪꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯁꯔꯀꯥꯔꯗꯥ ꯒꯅꯇꯟꯠꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯇꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯕꯦꯁꯤꯛ ꯀꯝꯄꯣꯅꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯛ-ꯁꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯅꯩ꯫https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/08111146.2020.1853522

ꯃꯥꯏꯀꯦꯜ ꯕꯀꯂꯦꯟꯗꯅꯥ ꯏꯅꯐꯣꯔꯃꯦꯁꯟ ꯐꯪꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯥꯟꯊꯣꯛꯀꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯊꯤꯡꯕꯥ ꯃꯈꯜ 6 ꯄꯤꯔꯤ: ꯁꯣꯔꯁ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ, ꯁꯣꯔꯁ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯐꯪꯍꯅꯕꯥ, ꯌꯨꯖꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ, ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯚꯥꯏꯗꯔ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯆꯪꯕꯥ ꯃꯃꯜ, ꯀꯣꯒꯅꯤꯇꯤꯚ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯦꯁ, ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯕꯥ꯫ "ꯏꯅꯐꯣꯔꯃꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯦꯁ", "ꯏꯅꯐꯣꯔꯃꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯍꯛ", "ꯈꯉꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯍꯛ" ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ "ꯏꯅꯐꯣꯔꯃꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯤꯗꯝ" ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯁꯤꯅꯣꯅꯤꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯕꯁꯨ, ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯔꯃꯤꯅꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯏꯁꯨ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ (ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯁꯨ) ꯗꯥꯏꯃꯦꯟꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯀꯏ꯫http://people.ischool.berkeley.edu/~buckland/access.htmlAndrew Puddephatt, Freedom of Expression, The essentials of Human Rights, Hodder Arnold, 2005, pg.128

 ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ 

ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯐꯪꯐꯝ ꯊꯣꯛꯄꯁꯤꯡ