ꯏꯀꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯂꯤꯌꯦꯟ꯭ꯁ

ꯏꯀꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤꯗꯥ, ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯂꯤꯌꯦꯟꯁ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯏꯀꯣꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯟꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯐꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯄꯔꯇꯨꯔꯕꯦꯁꯟ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯗꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯔꯕꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯔꯦꯁ꯭ꯄꯣꯟꯁ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯕꯒꯤ ꯀꯦꯄꯥꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯄꯔꯇꯨꯔꯕꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯔꯕꯦꯟꯁꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯩ ꯆꯥꯀꯄꯥ, ꯏꯆꯥꯎ, ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯠ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ, ꯏꯅꯁꯦꯛꯇ ꯄꯣꯄꯨꯂꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯞꯂꯣꯁꯟ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯊꯧꯔꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ ꯎꯃꯪ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ, ꯊꯨꯝ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ, ꯂꯩꯃꯥꯌꯗꯥ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯄꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯁꯥꯏꯗꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯣꯇꯤꯛ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯥꯟꯇ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯦꯅꯤꯃꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁꯤꯁꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯆꯤꯡꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯀꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯊꯧꯗꯣꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯇꯤꯛ ꯆꯥꯕꯥ ꯃꯦꯒ꯭ꯅꯤꯆꯨꯗ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯒꯤ ꯗꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯔꯕꯦꯟꯁꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯏꯀꯣꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯀꯣꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯑꯃꯕꯨ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯔꯦꯖꯤꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯕꯥ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯍꯣꯜꯗ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯌꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯁꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯍꯣꯜꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯇꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯕꯥꯏꯐꯔꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯄꯣꯏꯟꯇ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯔꯦꯖꯤꯝ ꯁꯤꯐꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯇꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥꯁꯨ ꯈꯪꯅꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫Folke, C., Carpenter,S., Elmqvist, T., Gunderson, L., Holling C.S., Walker, B. (2002). "Resilience and Sustainable Development: Building Adaptive Capacity in a World of Transformations". Ambio. 31 (5): 437–440. doi:10.1639/0044-7447(2002)031[0437:rasdba]2.0.co;2. PMID 12374053.Folke, C.; Carpenter, S.; Walker, B.; Scheffer, M.; Elmqvist, T.; Gunderson, L.; Holling, C.S. (2004). "Regime Shifts, Resilience, and Biodiversity in Ecosystem Management". Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics. 35: 557–581. doi:10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.35.021103.105711Scheffer, Marten (26 July 2009). Critical transitions in nature and society. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0691122045.
ꯕꯥꯏꯑꯣꯗꯥꯏꯕꯔꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯅꯕꯥ, ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯁꯣꯔꯁꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ, ꯄꯣꯂꯨꯁꯟ, ꯂꯝ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯟꯊ꯭ꯔꯣꯄꯣꯖꯦꯅꯤꯛ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯥꯏꯃꯦꯠ ꯆꯦꯟꯖ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯆꯤꯡꯕꯥ ꯏꯀꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯂꯤꯌꯦꯟꯁꯇꯥ ꯑꯀꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯊꯧꯔꯃꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯏꯀꯣꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯔꯦꯖꯤꯝ ꯁꯤꯐꯠ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ, ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯝꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯕꯥ ꯐꯤꯚꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ꯫ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯂꯤꯌꯦꯟꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯗꯤꯁꯤꯞꯂꯤꯅꯔꯤ ꯗꯤꯁꯀꯣꯔꯁ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛꯇꯤ ꯁꯣꯁꯤꯑꯣ-ꯏꯀꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯀꯣꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯈꯟꯅ-ꯅꯩꯅꯕꯥ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯦꯛꯁꯤꯃꯝ ꯁꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯅꯦꯕꯜ ꯌꯤꯜꯗ ꯄꯦꯔꯥꯗꯥꯏꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯅꯚꯥꯏꯔꯅꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯔꯤꯁꯣꯔꯁ ꯃꯦꯅꯦꯖꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯀꯣꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯃꯦꯅꯦꯖꯃꯦꯟꯇꯇꯥ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯔꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ "ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯂꯤꯌꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯦꯅꯥꯂꯥꯏꯁꯤꯁ, ꯑꯦꯗꯕꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯔꯤꯁꯣꯔꯁ ꯃꯦꯅꯦꯖꯃꯦꯟꯇ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯗꯕꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯒꯕꯔꯅꯥꯟꯁ"꯫ ꯏꯀꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯂꯤꯌꯦꯟꯁꯅꯥ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯂꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯏꯊꯤꯜ ꯄꯤꯔꯦ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯂꯤꯌꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯞꯔꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯇꯥꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ, ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯌꯨ.ꯚꯤ. ꯁꯞꯂꯥꯏ ꯆꯦꯟ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯂꯤꯌꯦꯟꯁ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ꯫https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.484.146https://doi.org/10.5751%2FES-00650-090205

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ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯐꯪꯐꯝ ꯊꯣꯛꯄꯁꯤꯡ