ꯕ꯭ꯂꯥꯗꯤꯃꯤꯔ ꯄꯨꯇꯤꯟ

ꯕ꯭ꯂꯥꯗꯤꯃꯤꯔ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯥꯗꯤꯃꯤꯔꯣꯚꯤꯆ ꯄꯨꯇꯤꯟ (ꯄꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯷ ꯑꯣꯛꯇꯣꯕꯔ ꯱꯹꯵꯲) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯔꯁꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯔꯥꯖꯅꯤꯇꯤꯋꯥꯂꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯥꯟꯅꯒꯤ ꯏꯟꯇꯤꯂꯤꯖꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯣꯐꯤꯁꯥꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ, ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯲꯰꯱꯲ꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯅꯥ ꯔꯨꯁꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯀꯣꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯔꯛꯈꯤ, ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯲꯰꯰꯰ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯲꯰꯰꯸ꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯈꯤ ꯫  ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯱꯹꯹꯹ꯗꯒꯤ ꯲꯰꯰꯰ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯲꯰꯰꯸ꯗꯒꯤ ꯲꯰꯱꯲ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯔꯨꯁꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯙꯥꯟ ꯃꯟꯠꯔꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯈꯤ,  ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯱꯹꯹꯹ꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯅꯥ ꯃꯀꯣꯛ ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯙꯥꯟ ꯃꯟꯠꯔꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯦꯞꯇꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯈꯤ ꯫

ꯄꯨꯇꯤꯟꯅꯥ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯱꯶ ꯔꯣꯝ ꯀꯦ.ꯖꯤ.ꯕꯤ.ꯒꯤ ꯐꯣꯔꯦꯟ ꯏꯟꯇꯤꯂꯤꯖꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯣꯐꯤꯁꯥꯔ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯈꯤ, ꯂꯦꯐꯇꯦꯅꯦꯟꯇ ꯀꯔꯅꯦꯜ ( ꯄꯣꯗꯄꯣꯂꯀꯣꯚꯅꯤꯛ ) ꯒꯤ ꯔꯦꯡꯛ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯌꯧꯈꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯱꯹꯹꯱ꯗꯥ ꯁꯦꯟ ꯄꯤꯇꯔꯁꯕꯔꯒꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯉꯥꯛꯂꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯍꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯔꯤꯖꯥꯏꯟ ꯇꯧꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯱꯹꯹꯶ꯇꯥ ꯃꯁꯀꯣꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯔꯥꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯄꯇꯤ ꯕꯣꯔꯤꯁ ꯌꯦꯂꯁꯤꯅꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯗꯃꯤꯅꯤꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯦꯁꯟꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯎꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯈꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯐꯦꯗꯔꯦꯜ ꯁꯦꯛꯌꯨꯔꯤꯇꯤ ꯁꯔꯕꯤꯁ (ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯕꯤ.)ꯒꯤ ꯗꯥꯏꯔꯦꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯦꯛꯌꯨꯔꯤꯇꯤ ꯀꯥꯎꯟꯁꯤꯜꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯛꯔꯦꯇꯔꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯈꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯱꯹꯹꯹ꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯒꯁ꯭ꯇꯇꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯙꯥꯟ ꯃꯟꯠꯔꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯞꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯌꯦꯂꯁꯤꯅꯅꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯊꯥꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯨꯇꯤꯟꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯗꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯣꯏꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯥ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯁꯨꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯉꯩꯗꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯔꯃꯗꯥ ꯔꯥꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯄꯇꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯈꯟꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯲꯰꯰꯴ꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯈꯟꯈꯤ  ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯀꯟꯁꯇꯤꯠꯌꯨꯁ꯭ꯅꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯊꯪꯟ-ꯊꯪꯅꯅꯥ ꯇꯔꯝ ꯑꯅꯤꯗꯥ ꯔꯥꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯄꯇꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯈꯤꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯇꯤꯟꯅꯥ ꯲꯰꯰꯸ꯗꯒꯤ ꯲꯰꯱꯲ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯗꯤꯃꯤꯠꯔꯤ ꯃꯦꯗꯚꯦꯗꯦꯚꯀꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯙꯥꯟ ꯃꯟꯠꯔꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯲꯰꯱꯲ꯗꯥ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯊꯨꯝꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯚꯝ ꯐꯠꯇꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯈꯜꯗꯥ ꯍꯜꯂꯛꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯲꯰꯱꯸ꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯈꯜꯗꯥ ꯃꯥꯏ ꯄꯥꯛꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯲꯰꯲꯱ꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯞꯔꯤꯂꯗꯥ ꯔꯦꯐꯔꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯄꯨ ꯑꯅꯤꯔꯛ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯈꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯍꯅꯒꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯌꯥꯎꯅꯥ ꯀꯟꯁꯇꯤꯠꯌꯨꯁ꯭ꯅꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯃꯦꯟꯗꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯥꯏꯅꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯈꯨꯠꯌꯦꯛ ꯄꯤꯅꯈꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯔꯥꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯄꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯲꯰꯳꯶ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯁꯥꯡꯗꯣꯛꯄꯥ ꯉꯝꯒꯅꯤ ꯫  

ꯄꯨꯇꯤꯅꯅꯥ ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯔꯥꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯄꯇꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯉꯩ ꯃꯇꯝꯗꯥ ꯔꯁꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯟꯃꯤꯠꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯆꯥꯡꯆꯠꯇꯥ ꯆꯥꯗꯥ ꯷ ꯍꯦꯟꯒꯠꯂꯛꯈꯤ,  ꯁꯦꯟꯃꯤꯠꯂꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯑꯍꯣꯡꯕꯥ ꯄꯨꯔꯛꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯏꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯃꯉꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯒꯠꯂꯛꯄꯗꯒꯤ Putin: Russia's Choice, (Routledge 2007), by Richard Sakwa, Chapter 9. Judah, Ben, Fragile Empire: How Russia Fell In and Out of Love with Vladimir Putin, Yale University Press, 2013, p. 17 ꯆꯦꯆꯦꯟ ꯁꯦꯄꯥꯔꯦꯇꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯌꯣꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯥꯟꯊꯦꯡꯅꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯝꯗꯥ ꯄꯨꯇꯤꯟꯅꯥ ꯔꯨꯁꯤꯌꯥꯕꯨꯁꯨ ꯂꯨꯆꯤꯡꯈꯤ, ꯂꯝꯗꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯐꯦꯗꯔꯦꯜ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯤꯡꯈꯠꯈꯤ ꯫   ꯃꯦꯗꯕꯦꯗꯦꯕꯀꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯙꯥꯟ ꯃꯟꯠꯔꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯖꯔꯖꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯌꯣꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯥꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯆꯠꯊꯕꯇꯥ ꯅꯠꯇꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯂꯤꯇꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯨꯂꯤꯁ ꯔꯤꯐꯣꯔꯃꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯟꯈꯤ , ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯔꯥꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯄꯇꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯑꯍꯨꯃꯁꯨꯕꯥ ꯇꯥꯔꯝꯗꯥ ꯔꯨꯁꯤꯌꯥꯅꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯃꯤꯌꯥꯕꯨ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯟꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯣꯡꯄꯣꯛ ꯌꯨꯛꯔꯦꯟꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯣꯟꯁꯔ ꯇꯧꯈꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯃꯤꯂꯤꯇꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯟ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯣꯛꯈꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯩ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯅꯦꯁ꯭ꯅꯦꯜ ꯁꯦꯡꯀꯁꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯔꯨꯁꯤꯌꯥꯗꯥ ꯁꯦꯜ-ꯊꯨꯝꯒꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯁꯤꯁ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯣꯛꯈꯤ ꯫  ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯔꯤꯌꯥꯗꯥ ꯔꯤꯕꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯖꯤꯍꯥꯗꯤꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯨꯄꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯌꯣꯛꯇꯥ ꯃꯤꯂꯤꯇꯔꯤ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯚꯦꯟꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨ ꯌꯥꯊꯪ ꯄꯤꯈꯤ ꯫  ꯔꯥꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯄꯇꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯔꯤꯁꯨꯕꯥ ꯇꯥꯔꯝꯗꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯌꯨꯛꯔꯦꯟꯒꯤ ꯉꯝꯈꯩꯗꯥ ꯃꯤꯂꯤꯇꯔꯤ ꯕꯤꯜꯗꯑꯞ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯨꯆꯤꯡꯈꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯲꯰꯲꯲ꯒꯤ ꯐꯦꯕ꯭ꯔꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤꯗꯥ  ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯟꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯍꯧꯗꯣꯛꯈꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯒꯥ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯅꯦꯁ꯭ꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯟꯗꯦꯃꯅꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯦꯡꯀꯁꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯥꯛꯊꯣꯛ ꯆꯥꯎꯊꯣꯛꯍꯟꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯅꯦꯁ꯭ꯅꯦꯜ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯃꯤꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯔꯇꯅꯥ ꯌꯨꯛꯔꯦꯅꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯔ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯝꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯏꯅꯚꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯒꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯍꯧꯗꯣꯛꯈꯤ ꯫  ꯲꯰꯲꯲ꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯞꯇꯦꯝꯕꯔꯗꯥ ꯄꯨꯇꯤꯟꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯔꯁꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯃꯣꯕꯤꯂꯥꯏꯖꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯥꯎꯊꯣꯛꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯐꯤꯁꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯌꯨꯛꯔꯦꯟꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯕ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯔꯨꯁꯤꯌꯥꯗꯥ ꯐꯣꯔꯁꯤꯕꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯟꯁꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯄꯤꯈꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯅꯦꯁ꯭ꯅꯦꯜ ꯂꯣꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯑꯥꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯇ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

ꯄꯨꯇꯤꯟꯒꯤ ꯂꯨꯆꯤꯡ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯔꯨꯁꯤꯌꯥꯅꯥ ꯒꯅꯇꯟꯠꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯟꯊꯦꯡꯅꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯊꯣꯔꯤꯇꯤꯗꯥ ꯑꯍꯣꯡꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯥꯛꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯩꯉꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯟꯗꯦꯃꯤꯛ ꯁꯦꯟꯖꯥ - ꯊꯨꯃꯖꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯍꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯨꯒꯥꯏꯕꯥ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯌꯥꯎꯔꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯔꯥꯖꯅꯤꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯌꯦꯠꯄꯥ ꯄꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯀꯩꯁꯨꯝꯁꯪꯗꯥ ꯊꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯥꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯃꯖꯤꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ, ꯔꯨꯁꯤꯌꯥꯗꯥ ꯃꯅꯤꯡꯇꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯗꯤꯌꯥꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯂꯥꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯃꯖꯤꯡꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯤꯡꯖꯤꯟꯕꯥ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯈꯜ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯛꯄꯥ ꯉꯝꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯆꯤꯡꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯔꯤ ꯫     ꯄꯨꯇꯤꯟꯒꯤ ꯔꯨꯁꯤꯌꯥꯅꯥ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯄꯔꯦꯟꯁꯤ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯅꯦꯁ꯭ꯅꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯟꯖꯥ-ꯊꯨꯃꯖꯥ ꯏꯟꯗꯦꯛꯁ, ꯏꯀꯣꯅꯣꯃꯤꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯏꯟꯇꯤꯂꯤꯖꯦꯟꯁ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠꯀꯤ ꯗꯦꯃꯣꯛꯔꯦꯁꯤ ꯏꯟꯗꯦꯛꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯤꯗꯝ ꯍꯥꯎꯁꯀꯤ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯤꯗꯝ ꯏꯟ ꯗꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯜꯗ ꯏꯟꯗꯦꯛꯁꯇꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯐꯖꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯔ ꯇꯧꯈꯤꯗꯦ꯫ ꯄꯨꯇꯤꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯕꯦꯂꯥꯔꯨꯁꯀꯤ ꯑꯂꯦꯀꯖꯦꯟꯗꯔ ꯂꯨꯀꯥꯁꯦꯅꯀꯣꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯌꯨꯔꯣꯄꯤꯌꯟ ꯔꯥꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯄꯇꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯁꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯅꯤꯁꯨꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤ ꯫

 ꯉꯜꯂꯤꯉꯩꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ 
ꯄꯨꯇꯤꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯱꯹꯵꯲ꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯛꯇꯣꯕꯔ ꯷ꯇꯥ ꯁꯣꯚꯤꯌꯦꯠ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯌꯟ (ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯁꯦꯟꯇ ꯄꯤꯇꯔꯁꯕꯔꯒ, ꯔꯨꯁꯤꯌꯥ)ꯗꯥ ꯄꯣꯀꯈꯤ,   ꯕ꯭ꯂꯥꯗꯤꯃꯤꯔ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯗꯣꯅꯣꯚꯤꯆ ꯄꯨꯇꯤꯟ (꯱꯹꯱꯱–꯱꯹꯹꯹) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯥꯔꯤꯌꯥ ꯏꯚꯥꯅꯣꯚꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯇꯤꯅꯥ ( née Shelomova; 1911– 1999 )ꯒꯤ ꯃꯆꯥ ꯑꯍꯨꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯅꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯆꯥꯅꯤ꯫ ꯱꯹꯹꯸ꯗꯥ ꯐꯣꯡꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯄꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯗꯟ ꯄꯨꯇꯤꯟ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯥꯗꯤꯃꯤꯔ ꯂꯦꯅꯤꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯖꯣꯁꯦꯐ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯂꯤꯅꯒꯤ ꯄꯔꯁꯣꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯝꯃꯤ꯫   ꯄꯨꯇꯤꯅꯒꯤ ꯄꯣꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯞ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯁꯤꯈꯤ: ꯱꯹꯳꯰ꯒꯤ ꯃꯌꯥꯏ ꯆꯜꯂꯀꯄꯗꯥ ꯄꯣꯀꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯂꯕꯥꯔꯠ, ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯉꯩꯗꯥ ꯁꯤꯈꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯱꯹꯴꯰ꯗꯥ ꯄꯣꯀꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯚꯤꯛꯇꯔ, ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯃꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯟꯖꯥꯑꯣꯗꯥ ꯅꯥꯖꯤ ꯖꯔꯃꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯐꯣꯔꯁꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯂꯦꯅꯤꯅꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯗꯄꯨ ꯂꯥꯟꯗꯥꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯱꯹꯴꯲ꯗꯥ ꯗꯤꯄꯊꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯃꯍꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯈꯣꯉꯍꯥꯃꯗꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯈꯤ ꯫   

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ꯄꯨꯇꯤꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥ ꯐꯦꯛꯇꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯤꯟꯃꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯝꯃꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯄꯥꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯚꯤꯌꯦꯠ ꯅꯦꯚꯤꯗꯥ ꯀꯅꯁ꯭ꯛꯔꯤꯞꯇ ꯇꯧꯔꯝꯃꯤ, ꯱꯹꯳꯰ ꯒꯤ ꯃꯌꯥꯌ ꯆꯜꯂꯀꯄꯗꯥ ꯁꯕꯃꯦꯔꯤꯟ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯤꯠꯇꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯔꯝꯃꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯃꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯟꯖꯥꯎ ꯑꯅꯤꯁꯨꯕꯒꯤ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛꯇꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯄꯥꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯀꯦ.ꯚꯤ.ꯗꯤ .  First Person An Astonishingly Frank Self-Portrait by Russia's President Vladimir Putin The New York Times, 2000.  ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯔꯦꯒꯨꯂꯥꯔ ꯑꯥꯔꯃꯤꯗꯥ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯐꯔ ꯇꯧꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯱꯹꯴꯲ꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯈꯤ꯫  ꯄꯨꯇꯤꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯄꯥꯕꯨꯡꯕꯨ ꯱꯹꯴꯱ꯗꯥ ꯇ꯭ꯕꯦꯔ ꯔꯤꯖꯅꯗꯥ ꯖꯔꯃꯅꯤꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯅꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯠꯈꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥ-ꯃꯄꯥꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯃꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯟꯖꯥꯎ ꯑꯅꯤꯁꯨꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯇꯔꯟ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯟꯇꯇꯥ ꯃꯥꯡꯈꯤ꯫ Sakwa, Richard. 

꯱꯹꯶꯰ꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯞꯇꯦꯝꯕꯔ ꯱ꯗꯥ ꯄꯨꯇꯤꯟꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯌꯨꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯥꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯕꯥꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯚ ꯂꯦꯅꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯨꯜ ꯅꯝꯕꯔ ꯱꯹꯳ꯗꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯍꯧꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯌꯪ ꯄꯥꯌꯅꯔ ꯑꯣꯔꯒꯥꯅꯥꯏꯖꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯦꯝꯕꯔ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯕꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯩꯔꯣꯌ ꯴꯵ꯒꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯱꯲ ꯁꯨꯔꯀꯄꯗꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯝꯕꯣ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯖꯨꯗꯣ .  ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯀꯥꯔꯜ ꯃꯥꯔꯛꯁ, ꯐ꯭ꯔꯤꯗꯝ ꯑꯦꯉ꯭ꯒꯦꯂꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯦꯅꯤꯅꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯤꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯈꯤ꯫  ꯄꯨꯇꯤꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯟꯇ ꯄꯤꯇꯔꯁꯕꯔꯒ ꯍꯥꯏ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯨꯜ ꯲꯸꯱ꯗꯥ ꯖꯔꯃꯅꯤ ꯇꯃꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯖꯔꯃꯅꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯅꯤꯁꯨꯕꯥ ꯂꯣꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯉꯥꯡꯏ꯫

 ꯃꯍꯩ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ 
ꯄꯨꯇꯤꯅꯅꯥ ꯱꯹꯷꯰ꯗꯥ ꯑꯥꯟꯗ꯭ꯔꯦ ꯓꯥꯗꯥꯅꯣꯚ (ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯁꯦꯟꯇ ꯄꯤꯇꯔꯁꯕꯔꯒ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯠ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯚꯔꯁꯤꯇꯤ )ꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯊꯣꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯦꯅꯤꯅꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯗ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯠ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯚꯔꯁꯤꯇꯤꯗꯥ ꯑꯥꯏꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯇꯃꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯱꯹꯷꯵ꯗꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯖꯨꯑꯦꯁꯟ ꯂꯣꯏꯈꯤ꯫  ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯊꯤꯁꯤꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ "ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯅꯦꯁ꯭ꯅꯦꯜ ꯂꯣꯗꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯅꯦꯁꯟ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯟꯁꯤꯄꯜ " ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤꯅꯤ꯫ Lynch, Allen.  ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯉꯩꯗꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯁꯣꯚꯤꯌꯦꯠ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯌꯟ (ꯁꯤ.ꯄꯤ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯌꯨ.)ꯒꯤ ꯀꯝꯝꯌꯨꯅꯤꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯤ (ꯁꯤ.ꯄꯤ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯌꯨ.)ꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯱꯹꯹꯱ꯗꯥ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯂꯦꯄꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯃꯦꯝꯕꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯈꯤ꯫ Владимир Путин. 

ꯄꯨꯇꯤꯟꯅꯥ ꯕꯤꯖꯤꯅꯦꯁ ꯂꯣ ꯇꯝꯕꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯇ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯐꯦꯁꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯅꯥꯇꯣꯂꯤ ꯁꯣꯕꯆꯀꯀꯥ ꯎꯅꯈꯤ, [lower-alpha 6] ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯔꯁꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯀꯟꯁꯇꯤꯠꯌꯨꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯇꯥ ꯁꯦꯟꯖꯥ-ꯊꯨꯃꯖꯥꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯤꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯀꯣ-ꯑꯣꯊꯣꯔꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯈꯤ꯫ ꯁꯦꯟꯇ ꯄꯤꯇꯔꯁꯕꯔꯒꯇꯥ ꯁꯣꯕꯆꯀꯀꯤ ꯀꯦꯔꯤꯌꯔꯗꯥ ꯄꯨꯇꯤꯅꯅꯥ ꯏꯊꯤꯜ ꯄꯤꯒꯅꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯗꯥ ꯄꯨꯇꯤꯅꯒꯤ ꯀꯦꯔꯤꯌꯔꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯕꯆꯀꯅꯥ ꯏꯊꯤꯜ ꯄꯤꯒꯅꯤ꯫ 

꯱꯹꯹꯷ꯇꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯄꯤ.ꯑꯩꯆ.ꯗꯤ. ꯏꯀꯣꯅꯣꯃꯤꯛꯁꯇꯥ ( ꯀꯦꯟꯗꯤꯗꯦꯠ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯏꯀꯣꯅꯣꯃꯤꯛ ꯁꯥꯏꯟꯁꯦꯁ ) ꯁꯦꯟꯇ ꯄꯤꯇꯔꯁꯕꯔꯒ ꯃꯥꯏꯅꯤꯡ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯚꯔꯁꯤꯇꯤꯗꯥ ꯃꯤꯅꯔꯦꯜ ꯏꯀꯣꯅꯣꯃꯤꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯦꯇꯦꯖꯤꯛ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯥꯅꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯤꯁꯤꯁ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯧꯈꯤ꯫ 
ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ

ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯔꯁꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯄꯔꯁꯤꯗꯦꯟ