ꯃꯦꯗꯣꯟꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯀ꯭ꯌꯤꯚ

ꯀꯤꯌꯕꯀꯤ ꯃꯦꯗꯣꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯲꯰꯲꯲ꯗꯥ ꯔꯁꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯐꯦꯗꯦꯔꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯑꯥꯔꯝ ꯐꯣꯔꯁꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯌꯨꯀ꯭ꯔꯦꯟꯒꯤ ꯀꯦꯄꯤꯇꯦꯜ ꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯀꯤꯌꯕꯇꯥ ꯕꯣꯝꯕꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯇꯦꯛꯇ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯉꯥꯀꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯤꯌꯕ ꯃꯦꯠꯔꯣꯗꯥ ꯉꯥꯀꯊꯣꯀꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯕꯨ ꯌꯣꯀꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯅꯨꯄꯤ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯄꯥꯎꯃꯤ ꯑꯥꯟꯗ꯭ꯔꯥꯁ ꯐꯣꯜꯗꯁꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯐꯣꯇꯣ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯅꯦꯇꯇꯥ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯝꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯦ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯍ꯭ꯌꯨꯃꯦꯅꯤꯇꯔꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯁꯤꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯔꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯟ ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯦ꯫ ꯏꯃꯦꯖ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯏꯇꯥꯂꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯨꯒꯅꯥꯅꯣ ꯗꯤ ꯅꯥꯄꯣꯂꯤꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯊꯣꯂꯤꯛ ꯁꯤꯡꯂꯨꯞ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯎꯠꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯥꯏꯀꯟ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯏꯟꯁꯄꯤꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯈꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨ ꯂꯥꯟꯊꯦꯡꯅꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯥꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯀꯂꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯈꯤ꯫

 ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ 
ꯌꯨꯛꯔꯦꯅꯗꯥ ꯔꯨꯁꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯅꯒꯤ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯲꯷ ꯁꯨꯔꯕꯤ ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯌꯥꯅꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯤꯖꯅꯤꯌꯥꯀꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯊꯥ ꯑꯍꯨꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯆꯥꯅꯨꯄꯤ ꯃꯔꯤꯆꯀꯥꯕꯨ ꯈꯣꯝꯂꯥꯡ ꯄꯤꯊꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯃꯇꯧ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯤ, ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯕꯣꯝꯕꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯇꯦꯛꯇ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯥꯕꯨ ꯉꯥꯀꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯤꯌꯕ ꯁꯕꯋꯦꯒꯤ ꯇꯅꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯟꯗꯥꯈꯤ꯫ ꯔꯁꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯐꯦꯗꯦꯔꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯑꯥꯔꯝ ꯐꯣꯔꯁꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯀꯤꯌꯦꯚ ꯁꯍꯔꯗꯥ ꯍꯨꯉ꯭ꯒꯥꯔꯩꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯎꯃꯤ ꯑꯥꯟꯗ꯭ꯔꯥꯁ ꯐꯣꯜꯗꯁꯀꯤ ꯄꯨꯛꯅꯤꯡ ꯆꯤꯡꯁꯤꯅꯈꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯥ ꯃꯊꯟꯇꯥ ꯐꯤꯜꯃ ꯇꯧꯈꯤ꯫ ꯅꯨꯄꯤ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯄꯨꯔꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯆꯥꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯐꯦꯕ꯭ꯔꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯲꯵, ꯲꯰꯲꯲ ꯗꯒꯤ ꯁꯕꯋꯦꯖꯗꯥ ꯊꯨꯡꯂꯈꯤ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯕꯨ ꯐꯦꯕ꯭ꯔꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯲꯶ꯇꯥ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯀꯗꯧꯔꯤꯕꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯕꯁꯨ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯟꯊꯦꯡꯅꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯇꯅꯦꯜ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯒꯤ ꯊꯣꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯃꯈꯤꯗꯦ꯫ ꯐꯣꯇꯣ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯚꯥꯏꯔꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯚ꯭ꯌꯥꯇꯤꯀꯥꯅꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯐꯤꯁꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯋꯦꯕꯁꯥꯏꯠ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯌꯔ ꯇꯧꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯎꯈꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯗ꯭ꯅꯤꯞꯔꯣꯗꯒꯤ ꯌꯨꯛꯔꯦꯅꯒꯤ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯤꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯃꯔꯤꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯂꯣꯃꯦꯅꯤꯀꯣꯚꯥꯁꯨ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯅꯨꯄꯤ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯥ ꯏꯃꯦꯖ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯆꯥꯅꯨꯄꯤꯕꯨ ꯌꯣꯀꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯦꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯄꯣꯠꯊꯥꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯏꯟꯁꯄꯤꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯈꯤ꯫ ꯄꯤꯀꯆꯔ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯌꯨꯛꯔꯦꯅꯒꯤ ꯅꯨꯄꯤ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯀꯣꯛ ꯊꯣꯡꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯦꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯚꯦꯜꯌꯨ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯀꯣꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯕꯋꯦ ꯃꯦꯞ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯥꯔꯆ ꯵, ꯲꯰꯲꯰ꯗꯥ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯤꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯊꯥꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯅꯦꯠꯇꯥ ꯊꯥꯈꯤ꯫

ꯖꯦꯁꯨꯏꯠ ꯄꯨꯔꯣꯍꯤꯠ ꯕ꯭ꯌꯥꯆꯦꯁ꯭ꯂꯥꯚ ꯑꯣꯀꯨꯅꯒꯤ ꯑꯄꯥꯝꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ "ꯃꯦꯠꯔꯣꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯦꯗꯣꯅꯥ" ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯐꯣꯇꯣꯒꯤ ꯀꯦꯅꯚꯥꯁ ꯀꯣꯄꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯏꯇꯥꯂꯤꯗꯥ ꯊꯥꯔꯀꯈꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨ ꯄꯨꯔꯣꯍꯤꯠ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯊꯧꯒꯜ ꯇꯧꯒꯗꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯊꯃꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯁꯦꯡꯂꯕꯥ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠꯇꯥ ꯅꯦꯄꯂꯁꯀꯤ ꯑꯥꯔꯆꯕꯤꯁꯣꯄꯅꯥ ꯄꯦꯟꯇꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯤꯡ ꯂꯝꯕꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯀꯠꯊꯣꯀꯈꯤ꯫ ꯑꯥꯏꯀꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯨꯅꯤꯌꯥꯅꯣ ꯗꯤ ꯅꯥꯄꯣꯂꯤꯒꯤ ꯀꯝꯝꯌꯨꯅꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ "ꯀꯤꯌꯤꯚꯀꯤ ꯃꯗꯣꯅꯥ" ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯕꯥ ꯆꯔꯆ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯁꯦꯛꯔꯦꯗ ꯍꯥꯔꯠ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯌꯤꯁꯨꯗꯥ ꯌꯦꯟꯊꯣꯀꯈꯤ꯫ ꯑꯥꯏꯀꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯣꯞ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯤꯁꯅꯥ ꯃꯥꯔꯆ ꯲꯵, ꯲꯰꯲꯲ ꯗꯥ ꯀꯠꯊꯣꯀꯈꯤ꯫

ꯇꯦꯇꯌꯥꯅꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯤꯖꯅꯤꯌꯥꯀꯅꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯚꯤꯚꯗꯥ ꯊꯨꯡꯂꯈꯤ꯫

 ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕ 

ꯏꯃꯦꯖ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍ꯭ꯌꯨꯃꯦꯅꯤꯇꯔꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯁꯤꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯔꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯅꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯦ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯌꯨꯛꯔꯦꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯃꯒꯤ ꯑꯥꯁꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯤꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯟꯊꯦꯡꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯦ꯫ ꯃꯁꯥ ꯃꯊꯟꯇꯥ, ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯍꯦꯔꯣꯗꯀꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯄꯊꯣꯀꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯅꯥꯖꯔꯦꯠꯀꯤ ꯌꯤꯁꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯐꯣꯇꯣ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯉꯁꯤꯗꯤ ꯂꯥꯅꯒꯤ ꯍꯤꯡꯁꯥꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯄꯊꯣꯛꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯌꯣꯀꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯣꯗꯔꯟ ꯃꯦꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯅꯔꯤ꯫ ꯀꯤꯌꯤꯕ ꯚꯔꯖꯤꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯨꯛꯔꯦꯅꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯖꯥꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯇꯥꯀꯄꯗꯥ ꯂꯧꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯊꯧꯗꯥꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯁꯨ ꯊꯣꯏꯗꯣꯛ ꯍꯦꯟꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯁꯣꯚꯤꯌꯦꯠ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯥꯏꯀꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯨꯛꯔꯦꯅꯒꯤ ꯅꯦꯁ꯭ꯅꯦꯂꯤꯖꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯣꯚꯤꯌꯦꯠ ꯗꯣꯃꯤꯅꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯌꯣꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯥꯟꯊꯦꯡꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯉꯁꯤꯗꯤ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯀꯂꯆꯔꯦꯜ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯖꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯌꯨꯛꯔꯦꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯦꯔꯤꯇꯦꯖꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯅꯔꯤ꯫Alla Nedashkivska, Art and Culture of Ukraine: Contemporary Scholarship, (CIUS Press, 2012)Orest Subtelny, Ukraine: A History, (University of Toronto Press, 2009)

 ꯃꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ 
 ꯃꯥꯁꯥ ꯗꯥꯁ꯭ꯀꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯥꯗ꯭ꯗꯨꯛ꯭ꯁ
 ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ 

ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯏꯎꯔꯣꯞ