ꯆꯦꯛꯁꯤꯟ ꯊꯧꯔꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕ ꯋꯥꯈꯜꯂꯣꯟ

ꯆꯦꯛꯁꯤꯟ-ꯊꯧꯔꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯟꯁꯤꯄꯜ (ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯆꯦꯀꯁꯤꯟ-ꯊꯧꯔꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡ) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯥꯛ-ꯆꯥꯎꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯏꯟꯇꯤꯐꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯇꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯅꯧꯕꯥ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯛ-ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯄꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ, ꯐꯤꯂꯣꯁꯣꯐꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯤꯒꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯞꯔꯣꯆ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯅꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯅꯧꯕꯥ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯞꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯠꯔꯤꯉꯩꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯦꯀꯁꯤꯅꯋꯥ, ꯊꯃꯖꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯔꯤꯚꯤꯌꯨ ꯇꯧꯕꯗꯥ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯊꯝꯂꯤ꯫ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯇꯤꯀꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯗꯕꯥ, ꯃꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯥꯕꯨ ꯊꯥꯖꯖꯕꯥ, ꯁꯥꯏꯟꯇꯤꯐꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯇꯥ ꯑꯀꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯏ꯫https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/65524/1/Accepted_manuscript.pdfhttps://www.europarl.europa.eu/thinktank/en/document.html?reference=EPRS_IDA(2015)573876Elishakoff, I. Safety factors and reliability: friends or foes?, Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2004

ꯏꯟꯖꯤꯅꯤꯌꯔꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯀꯟꯇꯦꯛꯁ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ, ꯆꯦꯀꯁꯤꯟ ꯊꯧꯔꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯟꯁꯤꯄꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯁꯥꯃꯀꯄꯨ ꯁꯦꯐꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯐꯦꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯇꯥꯀꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯂꯤꯁꯥꯀꯣꯐꯀꯤ ꯃꯣꯅꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯐꯇꯥ ꯑꯀꯨꯞꯄꯥ ꯃꯔꯣꯂꯗꯥ ꯈꯟꯅꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ, ꯁꯤꯚꯤꯜ ꯏꯟꯖꯤꯅꯤꯌꯔꯤꯡꯗꯥ, ꯕꯦꯂꯤꯟꯗꯣꯔꯅꯥꯅꯥ ꯱꯷꯲꯹ꯗꯥ ꯁꯖꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯇꯧꯈꯤꯕꯅꯤ꯫ꯁꯦꯐꯇꯤ ꯐꯦꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯔꯤꯂꯤꯑꯦꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯔꯤꯂꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯟꯖꯤꯅꯤꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯤꯂꯣꯁꯣꯐꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯛ ꯁꯟꯅꯥ ​​ꯊꯤꯖꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫Elishakoff, I. Safety factors and reliability: friends or foes?, Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2004de Bélidor, Bernard Forest, La science des ingénieurs, dans la conduite des travaux de fortification et d'architecture civile, Paris: Chez Claude Jombert 1729Elishakoff, I., Interrelation between safety factors and reliability, NASA/CR-2001-211309, 2001Doorn, N. and Hansson, S.O., Should probabilistic design replace safety factors?, Philosophy & Technology, 24(2), pp.151-16, 2011

ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯟꯁꯤꯄꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯄꯣꯂꯤꯁꯤ ꯃꯦꯀꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯦꯞ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯧꯕꯗꯒꯤ (ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯧꯈꯠꯄꯗꯒꯤ) ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯐꯤꯚꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯣꯌꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯃꯥꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯗ꯭ꯔꯤ꯫ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯁꯔꯀꯥꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯅꯧꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯇꯧꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯉꯩꯗꯥ ꯄꯥꯛ ꯁꯟꯅꯥ ​​ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯊꯤꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯦꯞ ꯂꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯟꯁꯤꯄꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯔꯦ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯁꯥꯏꯟꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤꯒꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯁ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯖꯥꯇꯤꯗꯥ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯕꯁꯨ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯅꯧꯕꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯊꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯊꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯃꯒꯠꯄꯗꯁꯨ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯛꯂꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯁꯥꯏꯟꯇꯤꯐꯤꯛ ꯏꯅꯚꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯒꯦꯁꯟꯅꯥ ꯊꯥꯖꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯐꯪꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯃꯕꯨ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯗꯒꯤ ꯉꯥꯀꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯣꯁꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯔꯦꯁ꯭ꯄꯣꯟꯁꯤꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯣꯏꯗꯕꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯒꯤ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯃꯥꯟ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯁꯥꯏꯟꯇꯤꯐꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯐꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯈꯛꯇꯗꯥ ꯉꯥꯀꯊꯣꯀꯄꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯔꯤꯂꯦꯛꯁ ꯇꯧꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯟꯁꯤꯄꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯁꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯅꯦꯕꯜ ꯗꯤꯚꯦꯂꯄꯃꯦꯟꯇ, ꯑꯦꯅꯚꯥꯏꯔꯅꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯦꯛꯁꯟ, ꯍꯀꯁꯦꯜ, ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯨꯗ ꯁꯦꯐꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯂꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯛꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯅꯦꯁꯅꯦꯜ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯤꯛꯂꯥꯔꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯄꯣꯜꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯔꯦꯁꯅꯑꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯦ, ꯃꯇꯝ ꯈꯔꯗꯗꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯇꯧ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯇꯧꯒꯗꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜꯂꯣꯟ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯂꯥꯀꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯁꯦꯃꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯝꯂꯕꯥ ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯀꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯀꯝꯞꯂꯦꯛꯁ ꯁꯤꯅꯥꯔꯤꯑꯣꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ꯫ ꯂꯤꯒꯦꯜ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯈꯔꯗꯥ, ꯌꯨꯔꯣꯄꯤꯌꯟ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯌꯅꯒꯤ ꯑꯥꯏꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ, ꯆꯦꯀꯁꯤꯟ ꯊꯧꯔꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯟꯁꯤꯄꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯠꯅꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯥꯏꯅꯒꯤ ꯂꯝ ꯈꯔꯗꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯠꯌꯨꯇꯔꯤ ꯔꯤꯀꯣꯔꯗ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯍꯜꯂꯦ꯫https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000139578Art. 191 (2) TFEU, Explanations Relating to the Charter of Fundamental Rights (2007/C 303/02, OJ EU C303/35 14.12.2007 explanation on article 52 (5) of the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights, T-13/99 Pfizer vs Council p.114-125

 ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ 

ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯐꯪꯐꯝ ꯊꯣꯛꯄꯁꯤꯡ