ꯅꯣꯕꯦꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯓ

ꯅꯣꯕꯦꯜ ꯃꯅꯥꯁꯤꯡ ( /n oʊ ˈ b ɛ l / noh-BEL ; Swedish   [nʊˈbɛ̂lːˌꯄ꯭ꯔꯤːꯁꯦꯠ] ; Norwegian   [nʊˈbɛ̀lːˌpriːsn̩] ) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯅꯥ ꯃꯉꯥꯅꯤ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯱꯸꯹꯵ ꯒꯤ ꯑꯂꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯅꯣꯕꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯁꯛ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ "ꯃꯃꯥꯡ ꯆꯍꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯈꯨꯅꯥꯏꯗ ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯤꯈꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ" ꯄꯤꯔꯤ ꯫ ꯑꯂꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯅꯣꯕꯦꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯕꯤꯗꯦꯅꯒꯤ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯁ꯭ꯠ, ꯏꯟꯖꯤꯅꯤꯌꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯌꯦꯂꯤꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯆꯠꯂꯕꯥ ꯗꯥꯏꯅꯥꯃꯥꯏꯠ ꯁꯦꯃꯒꯠꯄꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯈꯉꯅꯔꯝꯃꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯏꯪ ꯀꯨꯝꯖ ꯱꯸꯹꯶ꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯈꯤꯗ꯭ꯔꯦ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯋꯥꯌꯦꯜ ꯌꯥꯊꯪꯗꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ “ꯂꯦꯝꯍꯧꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯂꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯁꯦꯠ” ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯃꯅꯥ ꯃꯉꯥ ꯂꯤꯡꯈꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯅꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯁꯛꯈꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯕꯨ “ꯅꯣꯕꯦꯜ ꯃꯅꯥ” ꯍꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯅꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯅꯣꯕꯦꯜ ꯃꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯱꯹꯰꯱ꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯈꯤ ꯫ 

ꯅꯣꯕꯦꯜ ꯃꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯛꯁ, ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤ, ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯑꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤ ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯁꯤꯟ, ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯁꯤꯜꯂꯣꯟ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯥꯟꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯂꯝꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ (ꯅꯣꯕꯦꯜꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯟꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ "ꯖꯥꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯐꯦꯂꯣꯁꯤꯞ ꯃꯥꯡꯂꯣꯝꯗꯥ ꯄꯨꯈꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯇꯔꯒꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯋꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ, ꯂꯦꯡꯗꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯇꯔꯒꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯟꯕꯥ" ꯍꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯇꯥꯛꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯑꯥꯔꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯥꯟꯇꯤ ꯀꯪꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯤꯡꯈꯠꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯌꯣꯛꯈꯠꯄꯥ") ꯫  ꯱꯹꯶꯸ꯗꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯕꯦꯔꯤꯖꯦꯁ ꯔꯤꯛꯁꯕꯦꯉ꯭ꯛ (ꯁ꯭ꯕꯤꯗꯦꯅꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯟꯠꯔꯦꯜ ꯕꯦꯉ꯭ꯛ)ꯅꯥ ꯑꯂꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯅꯣꯕꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯅꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯈꯨꯚꯃꯗꯥ ꯏꯀꯣꯅꯣꯃꯤꯛ ꯁꯥꯏꯟꯁꯦꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯥ ꯂꯤꯡꯈꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯊꯥꯗꯈꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯅꯣꯕꯦꯜ ꯐꯥꯎꯟꯗꯦꯁꯟꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯗꯃꯤꯅꯤꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯒꯅꯤ ꯫    ꯅꯣꯕꯦꯜ ꯃꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯈꯣꯏ ꯃꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯂꯝꯗꯥ ꯐꯪꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯃꯅꯥꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯛ ꯁꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯅꯩ ꯫  Shalev, p. 8

ꯃꯅꯥ ꯄꯤꯕꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯔꯝꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯛꯏ ꯫ ꯔꯤꯁꯤꯄꯤꯌꯔ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛ (" ꯂꯣꯔꯤꯑꯦꯠ " ꯍꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯅꯕꯥ)ꯅꯥ ꯁꯅꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯦꯗꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ, ꯗꯤꯞꯂꯣꯃꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯐꯪꯏ ꯫ ꯲꯰꯲꯱ꯗꯥ ꯅꯣꯕꯦꯜ ꯃꯅꯥꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯟꯐꯝꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯨꯄꯥ ꯀꯔꯣꯔ ꯱꯰,꯰꯰꯰,꯰꯰꯰ꯅꯤ ꯫  ꯅꯣꯕꯦꯜ ꯃꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯍꯨꯝꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯔꯒꯅꯥꯏꯖꯦꯁꯟꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯍꯥꯏꯔꯕꯁꯨ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯍꯨꯝꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯃꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯌꯔ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯔꯣꯏ ꯫  ꯅꯣꯕꯦꯜ ꯃꯅꯥꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯤꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯁꯨ, ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯃꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯅꯥ ꯐꯪꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯉꯩ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯤꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯃꯅꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ ꯫ 

꯱꯹꯰꯱ꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯔꯛꯄꯥ ꯅꯣꯕꯦꯜ ꯃꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯱꯹꯶꯹ꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯔꯒꯥ ꯏꯀꯣꯅꯣꯃꯤꯛ ꯁꯥꯏꯟꯁꯦꯁꯀꯤ ꯅꯣꯕꯦꯜ ꯃꯦꯃꯣꯔꯤꯌꯦꯜ ꯃꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯹꯷꯵ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯔꯒꯅꯥꯏꯖꯦꯁꯟ ꯲꯵ꯗꯥ ꯶꯰꯹ ꯁꯨꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯄꯤꯈ꯭ꯔꯦ ꯫ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯃꯉꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯔꯒꯅꯥꯏꯖꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯅꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯣꯕꯦꯜ ꯃꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯐꯪꯈ꯭ꯔꯦ ꯫ Multiple Nobel Laureates. 

 ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ 
alt=A black and white photo of a bearded man in his fifties sitting in a chair.|thumb| ꯑꯜꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯅꯣꯕꯦꯜꯅꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯎꯆꯦ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ "ꯁꯤꯕꯒꯤ ꯂꯂꯣꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯔꯦ" ꯍꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯡꯊꯣꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯕꯤꯆꯨꯌꯦꯔꯤ ꯄꯥꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯝꯗꯥ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯇꯕꯥ ꯑꯉꯛꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯐꯥꯎꯈꯤ ꯫
ꯑꯜꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯅꯣꯕꯦꯜ ( . ꯇꯥꯕ ) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯣꯛꯇꯣꯕꯔ ꯲꯱, ꯱꯸꯳꯳ ꯗꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯕꯤꯗꯦꯅꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯛꯍꯣꯃꯗꯥ ꯏꯟꯖꯤꯅꯤꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯏꯃꯨꯡ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯄꯣꯛꯈꯤ꯫ Levinovitz, p. 5 ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯁ꯭ꯠ, ꯏꯟꯖꯤꯅꯤꯌꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯅꯚꯦꯟꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯝꯃꯤ ꯫ ꯱꯸꯹꯴ꯗꯥ ꯅꯣꯕꯦꯜꯅꯥ ꯕꯣꯐꯣꯔꯁ ꯑꯥꯏꯔꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜ ꯃꯤꯜ ꯂꯧꯈꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯥꯔꯃꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯃꯦꯟꯌꯨꯐꯦꯀꯆꯔꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯈꯤ . ꯅꯣꯕꯦꯜꯅꯥ ꯕꯦꯂꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯠꯁꯨ ꯁꯦꯃꯈꯤ . ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯏꯅꯚꯦꯟꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯩꯈꯨ ꯆꯦꯟꯗꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯂꯤꯇꯔꯤ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯞꯂꯣꯁꯤꯚ ꯀꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯣꯏꯈꯤ, ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯤꯇꯤꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯩꯈꯨ ꯆꯦꯟꯗꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯎꯗꯔ ꯀꯣꯔꯗꯥꯏꯠ ꯫  ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯄꯦꯇꯦꯟꯇ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯩ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯅꯣꯕꯦꯜꯅꯥ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯗꯥ ꯀꯣꯔꯗꯥꯏꯠꯀꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯦꯇꯦꯟꯇ ꯏꯟꯐ꯭ꯔꯤꯡꯛꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯀꯠ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯎꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯅꯣꯕꯦꯜꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯂꯟ-ꯊꯨꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛꯈꯤ, ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯟ-ꯊꯨꯝ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯗꯤ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯳꯵꯵ꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯛꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯏꯟꯚꯦꯟꯁꯟꯁꯤꯡ, ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯗꯥꯏꯅꯥꯃꯥꯏꯠ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯆꯠꯂꯤ ꯫ Levinovitz, p. 11

꯱꯸꯸꯸ꯗꯥ ꯅꯣꯕꯦꯜꯅꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯎ-ꯆꯦ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯕꯤꯆꯨꯌꯦꯔꯤ, "ꯁꯤꯕꯒꯤ ꯂꯂꯣꯟꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯔꯦ" ꯍꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯝꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯉꯛꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯑꯜꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯀꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯞ ꯂꯨꯗꯚꯤꯒꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯈꯤꯕꯅꯤ; ꯑꯣꯕꯤꯆꯨꯑꯦꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯸ꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯤꯀꯜ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯅꯣꯕꯦꯂꯕꯨ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯋꯥꯍꯜꯂꯦ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯄꯨ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯅꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯊꯣꯛꯍꯟꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯄꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯏꯊꯤꯜ ꯄꯤꯈꯤ ꯫  ꯱꯸꯹꯶ ꯒꯤ ꯗꯤꯁꯦꯝꯕꯔ ꯱꯰ ꯗꯥ ꯑꯜꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯅꯣꯕꯦꯜꯅꯥ ꯏꯇꯥꯂꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯥꯟ ꯔꯦꯃꯣꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯚꯤꯂꯥꯗꯥ ꯁꯦꯔꯤꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯜ ꯍꯦꯃꯣꯔꯦꯖ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯶꯳ ꯁꯨꯔꯝꯃꯤ ꯫ Sohlman, p. 13

ꯅꯣꯕꯦꯜꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯋꯤꯜ ꯀꯥꯏꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯉꯩꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯤꯛ ꯁꯦꯝꯈꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨ ꯄꯦꯔꯤꯁꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯋꯤꯗꯦꯟ–ꯅꯣꯔꯋꯦꯖꯤꯌꯟ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯕꯇꯥ ꯅꯕꯦꯝꯕꯔ ꯲꯷, ꯱꯸꯹꯵ ꯗꯥ ꯁꯥꯏꯟ ꯇꯧꯈꯤ ꯫ Sohlman, p. 7  ꯄꯥꯛ ꯁꯟꯅꯥ ꯉꯛꯈꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯅꯣꯕꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯣꯜꯗꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯟ-ꯊꯨꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯛꯁ, ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤ, ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯑꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤ ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯁꯤꯟ, ꯁꯥꯍꯤꯠꯌ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯥꯟꯇꯤꯗꯥ “ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕꯗꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ” ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯃꯅꯥ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯒꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯒꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯈꯤ ꯫  ꯅꯣꯕꯦꯜꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯄꯨꯟꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯁꯦꯠꯀꯤ ꯹꯴%, ꯳꯱ ꯃꯤꯂꯤꯌꯟ ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯏ.ꯀꯦ.(ꯁꯤ. ꯌꯨ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯗꯣꯂꯔ ꯱꯸꯶ ꯃꯤꯂꯤꯌꯟ, ꯌꯨꯔꯣ ꯱꯵꯰ ꯄꯤꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯤꯂꯤꯌꯟ ꯲꯰꯰꯸ꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯈꯤ), ꯅꯣꯕꯦꯜ ꯃꯅꯥ ꯃꯉꯥ ꯂꯤꯡꯈꯠꯅꯕꯥ꯫ Abrams, p. 7  ꯋꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯅꯣꯔꯋꯦꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯔꯇꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯞꯔꯤꯜ ꯲꯶, ꯱꯸꯹꯷ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯑꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯄꯤꯈꯤꯗꯦ ꯫ Levinovitz, pp. 13–25 ꯋꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯦꯀꯤꯎꯇꯔ ꯔꯥꯒꯅꯥꯔ ꯁꯣꯍꯜꯃꯥꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯔꯨꯗꯣꯜꯐ ꯂꯤꯂꯖꯦꯀꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯅꯥ ꯂꯟ-ꯊꯨꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯅꯥ ꯄꯤꯕꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯔꯝ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯣꯕꯦꯜ ꯐꯥꯎꯟꯗꯦꯁꯟ ꯁꯦꯝꯈꯤ ꯫ Abrams, pp. 7–8

ꯅꯣꯕꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯏꯅꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯛꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯟꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯥ ꯄꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯣꯔꯋꯦꯒꯤ ꯅꯣꯕꯦꯜ ꯀꯃꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯊꯣꯟꯈꯤ, ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯃꯦꯝꯕꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯦꯞꯔꯤꯜ ꯱꯸꯹꯷ꯇꯥ ꯋꯥꯌꯦꯜ ꯌꯥꯊꯪ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯈꯟꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯃꯅꯥ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯔꯒꯅꯥꯏꯖꯦꯁꯟꯁꯤꯡꯁꯨ ꯈꯟꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯖꯨꯟ ꯷ꯇꯥ ꯀꯦꯔꯣꯂꯤꯅꯁ꯭ꯀꯥ ꯏꯟꯁꯇꯤꯠꯌꯨꯠ, ꯖꯨꯟ ꯹ꯗꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯕꯤꯗꯦꯟ ꯑꯦꯀꯥꯗꯦꯃꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯖꯨꯟ ꯱꯱ꯗꯥ ꯔꯣꯌꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯕꯤꯗꯦꯟ ꯑꯦꯀꯥꯗꯦꯃꯤ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯁꯥꯏꯟꯁꯦꯁꯅꯤ ꯫ Crawford, p. 1 ꯅꯣꯕꯦꯜ ꯐꯥꯎꯟꯗꯦꯁꯟꯅꯥ ꯃꯅꯥꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯄꯤꯒꯗꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯒꯥꯏꯗꯂꯥꯏꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯨꯔꯀꯈꯤ; ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ, ꯱꯹꯰꯰ꯗꯥ ꯅꯣꯕꯦꯜ ꯐꯥꯎꯟꯗꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯅꯧꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯌꯦꯜ ꯌꯥꯊꯪꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯑꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯥꯔ ꯑꯅꯤꯁꯨꯕꯥꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯎꯊꯣꯛꯈꯤ ꯫  ꯱꯹꯰꯵ꯗꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯕꯤꯗꯦꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯣꯔꯋꯦꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯄꯔꯁꯣꯅꯦꯜ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯌꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯣꯏꯁꯤꯟꯈꯤ ꯫
ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ

ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯑꯆꯧꯕ ꯃꯅꯥ ꯃꯊꯨꯝ