ꯏꯎꯔꯣꯞꯀꯤ ꯂꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡ

ꯏꯌꯨꯔꯣꯞꯀꯤ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯏꯟꯗꯣ-ꯏꯌꯨꯔꯣꯞꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡ ꯆꯟꯂꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯷꯴꯴ ꯃꯤꯂꯤꯑꯣꯟ ꯂꯩꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ (꯲꯰꯱꯸) ꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅ ꯏꯟꯗꯣ-ꯏꯌꯨꯔꯣꯄꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯉꯥꯡꯕ ꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯗꯥ ꯹꯴% ꯅꯤ ꯫
ꯏꯌꯨꯔꯣꯞꯇꯥ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯵ ꯃꯨꯛ ꯂꯩ ꯃꯤꯂꯤꯑꯣꯟ ꯵꯰ ꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯕ ꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯉꯥꯡꯅꯕ, ꯂꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯟꯆ, ꯏꯇꯥꯂꯤꯌꯥꯟ, ꯖꯔꯃꯟ, ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯔꯨꯁꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯫
ꯏꯌꯨꯔꯣꯞꯀꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯗꯤ ꯔꯁꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯉꯥꯡꯕ ꯈꯨꯋꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯝꯃꯤ(ꯃꯤꯂꯤꯑꯣꯟ ꯱꯰꯰ ꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯏꯌꯨꯔꯣꯞꯇꯥ ꯂꯩ) ꯫

ꯏꯌꯨꯔꯣꯞꯀꯤ ꯂꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡ
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯄꯔꯤꯡꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯦꯁꯑꯣ ꯶꯳꯹ ꯀꯣꯗ ꯂꯩꯔꯕ ꯂꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯛꯄꯗꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯐꯨꯔꯨꯞ ꯈꯔꯥꯒꯤ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯉꯥꯡꯂꯤꯕ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯄꯔꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯗ ꯌꯥꯎꯕ ꯌꯥꯅꯤ ꯫

 Name ISO-639 Classification L1 speakers(in Europe) L1+L2 speakers(in Europe)Official status (national)Official status (regional) Abkhaz  ab  Northwest Caucasian, Abazgi  113,000     Adyghe  ady  Northwest Caucasian, Circassian  117,500     (Russia) Albanian(Shqip)ArbëreshArvanitika  sq  Indo-European  5,367,0005,877,100 Population total of all languages of the Albanian macrolanguage. (Balkans)   , ,    (Sicily, as Arbëresh),  (Ulcinj) Arbëresh  aae  Indo-European, Albanian, Tosk  260,000 in 1976100,000 native speakers in 2007 380,000"Currently there are about fifty Albanian-speaking centres in Italy, with a population estimated to be around 100,000, though there are no precise figures for the actual numbers of Italo-Albanians. The most recent precise figure is given in the census for 1921; the number of Albanian speakers was 80,282, far fewer than the 197 thousand mentioned in the study of A. Frega of 1997."   , , , , , , ,   (Italy) Arvanites  aat  Indo-European, Albanian, Tosk  200,000     Peloponnese, Attica and Boeotia Aragonese  an  Indo-European, Romance, Western, West Iberian  25,000 Report about Census of population 2011 of Aragonese Sociolinguistics Seminar and University of Zaragoza  55,000    (Spain) Aromanian  rup  Indo-European, Romance, Eastern  114,000      Asturian (Astur-Leonese)  ast  Indo-European, Romance, Western, West Iberian  351,791III Sociolinguistic Study of Asturias (2017). Euskobarometro.  641,502      Austro-Bavarianbar Indo-European, Germanic, West, High German, Upper, Bavarian 14,000,000German dialect,     (as German)   Avar  av  Northeast Caucasian, Avar–Andic     760,000     (Russia) Azerbaijani  az  Turkic, Oghuz   500,000Total population 24 million, c. 130,000 in Dagestan, c. 400,000 in Azerbajjan's Quba-Khachmaz region, technically in Europe (being north of the Caucasus watershed). In addition, there are about 0.5 million speakers in immigrant communities in Russia, see #Immigrant communities.        (Russia) Bashkir  ba  Turkic, Kipchak  1,221,000     (Russia) Basque  eu   Basque  750,000 VI° Enquête Sociolinguistique en Euskal herria (Communauté Autonome d'Euskadi, Navarre et Pays Basque Nord)  (2016).     : Basque Autonomous Community (Spain, official), Navarre (Spain, official in the Basque-speaking and mixed parts of the region), French Basque Country (France, not official) Belarusian  be  Indo-European, Slavic, East  3,300,000     Bosnian  bs  Indo-European, Slavic, South, Western, Serbo-Croatian 2,500,000     ,  Breton  br  Indo-European, Celtic, Brittonic  206,000    None, de facto status in  (France) Bulgarian bg  Indo-European, Slavic, South, Eastern  7,800,000      Mount Athos (Greece) Catalan  ca Indo-European, Romance, Western, Occitano-Romance  4,000,000  10,000,000     (Spain),  (Spain),  (Spain),  (Spain), Pyrénées-Orientales (France), Alghero (Italy) Chechen  ce  Northeast Caucasian, Nakh 1,400,000    &  (Russia) Chuvash  cv  Turkic, Oghur  1,100,000     (Russia) Cimbriancim  Indo-European, Germanic, West, High German, Upper, Bavarian  400German dialect,      Cornish  kw  Indo-European, Celtic, Brittonic  557UK 2011 Census     (United Kingdom) Corsican  co  Indo-European, Romance, Italo-Dalmatian  30,000 125,000     (France),  (Italy) Crimean Tatar  crh  Turkic, Kipchak  480,000      Croatian  hr  Indo-European, Slavic, South, Western, Serbo-Croatian  5,600,000  ,    (Austria) Czech  cs  Indo-European, Slavic, West, Czech–Slovak  10,600,000     Danish da  Indo-European, Germanic, North   5,500,000     (Denmark),  (Germany)recognized as official language in Nordfriesland, Schleswig-Flensburg, Flensburg and Rendsburg-Eckernförde (§ 82b LVwG ) Dutch  nl Indo-European, Germanic, West  22,000,000   ,   English  en  Indo-European, Germanic, West, Anglo-Frisian, Anglic  63,000,000 260,000,000Europeans and their Languages , Data for EU27, published in 2012.  , ,    Erzya  myv  Uralic, Finno-Ugric, Mordvinic  120,000    (Russia) Estonian  et  Uralic, Finno-Ugric, Finnic  1,165,400    Extremaduran  ext  Indo-European, Romance, Western, West Iberian  200,000     (Spain) Faroese  fo  Indo-European, Germanic, North   66,150      (Denmark) Finnish  fi  Uralic, Finno-Ugric, Finnic  5,400,000    Franco-Provençal (Arpitan)  arp  Indo-European, Romance, Western, Gallo-Romance  140,000      (Italy) French  fr  Indo-European, Romance, Western, Gallo-Romance, Oïl  71,500,000 135,000,000  , , , ,    (Italy),  (United Kingdom), El Pas de la Casa (Andorra) Frisian  fry frr stq  Indo-European, Germanic, West, Anglo-Frisian  470,000     (Netherlands),  (Germany)recognized as official language in the Nordfriesland district and in Helgoland 
 (§ 82b LVwG ). Gagauz  gag  Turkic, Oghuz  140,000     (Moldova) Galician  gl  Indo-European, Romance, Western, West Iberian  2,400,000      (Spain), Eo-Navia (Asturias), Bierzo (Province of León) and Western Sanabria (Province of Zamora) German  de  Indo-European, Germanic, West, High German  97,000,000includes:
bar Bavarian,
cim Cimbrian,
ksh Kölsch,
sli Lower Silesian,
vmf Mainfränkisch,
pfl Palatinate German,
swg Swabian German,
gsw Swiss German,
sxu Upper Saxon,
wae Walser German,
wep Westphalian,
wym Wymysorys,
yec Yenish,
yid Yiddish;
see German dialects.  170,000,000  , , , , ,   STATUTO SPECIALE PER IL TRENTINO-ALTO ADIGE  (1972), Art. 99–101. (Italy) Georgian  ka  kartvelian  3700000https://www.ethnologue.com/18/language/kat/     Greek  el  Indo-European, Hellenic  11,000,00011 million in Greece, out of 13.4 million in total.   ,    (Himara, Finiq, Dervican and other southern townships) Hungarian  hu  Uralic, Finno-Ugric, Ugric  13,000,000      (Austria),  (Serbia),  Icelandic  is  Indo-European, Germanic, North  330,000     Ingrian  izh  Uralic, Finno-Ugric, Finnic  120     (Russia) Ingush  inh  Northeast Caucasian, Nakh  300,000     (Russia) Irish  ga  Indo-European, Celtic, Goidelic  240,000 1,300,000     (United Kingdom) Istriot  ist  Indo-European, Romance  900    Istro-Romanian  ruo  Indo-European, Romance, Eastern  1,100    Italian  it  Indo-European, Romance, Italo-Dalmatian  65,000,000 82,000,000  , , ,    Istria County (Croatia),  Slovenian Istria (Slovenia) Italiot Greek  mis  Indo-European, Hellenic, Greek, Attic-Ionic20,000 Native speakers in 1981N. Vincent, Italian, in B. Comrie (ed.) The world's major languages, London, Croom Helm, 1981. pp. 279-302.  50,000     (Bovesia),  (Salento), (Italy) Judeo-Italian  itk  Indo-European, Romance, Italo-Dalmatian 250   ,  (Greece) Judaeo-Spanish (Ladino)  lad  Indo-European, Romance, Western, West Iberian  320,000 fewSIL Ethnologue:
"Not the dominant language for most. Formerly the main language of Sephardic Jewry. Used in literary and music contexts."
ca. 100k speakers in total, most of them in Israel, small communities in the Balkans, Greece, Turkey and in Spain.  , ,  Kabardian  kbd Northwest Caucasian, Circassian  530,000    &  (Russia) Kalmyk  xal  Mongolic  80,500    (Russia)  Karelian  krl  Uralic, Finno-Ugric, Finnic  36,000    (Russia)Karachay-Balkar  krc  Turkic, Kipchak  300,000    &  (Russia) Kashubian  csb  Indo-European, Slavic, West, Lechitic  50,000    Kazakh  kk  Turkic, Kipchak  1,000,000About 10 million in Kazakhstan. . Technically, the westernmost portions of Kazakhstan (Atyrau Region, West Kazakhstan Region) are in Europe, with a total population of less than one million.    Komi  kv  Uralic, Finno-Ugric, Permic  220,000220,000 native speakers out of an ethnic population of 550,000. 
Combines Komi-Permyak (koi) with 65,000 speakers and Komi-Zyrian (kpv) with 156,000 speakers.      (Russia) Latin  la  Indo-European, Italic, Latino-Faliscan extinct  fewContemporary Latin: People fluent in Latin as a second language are probably in the dozens, not hundreds. Reginald Foster (as of 2013) estimated "no more than 100" according to Robin Banerji,  Pope resignation: Who speaks Latin these days?, BBC News, 12 February 2013.    Latvian  lv  Indo-European, Baltic  1,750,000    Ligurian  lij  Indo-European, Romance, Western, Gallo-Italic  500,000    (Italy) Lithuanian  lt  Indo-European, Baltic  3,000,000    Lombard  lmo  Indo-European, Romance, Western, Gallo-Italic  3,600,000    (Italy) Low German (Low Saxon)  nds wep Indo-European, Germanic, West  1,000,0002.6 million cited as estimate of all Germans who speak Platt "well or very well" (including L2; 4.3 million cited as the number of all speakers including those with "moderate" knowledge) in 2009. Heute in Bremen. „Ohne Zweifel gefährdet“. Frerk Möller im Interview, taz, 21. Februar 2009.
However, Wirrer (1998) described Low German as "moribund".Jan Wirrer: Zum Status des Niederdeutschen. In: Zeitschrift für Germanistische Linguistik. 26, 1998, S. 309. The number of native speakers is unknown, estimated at 1 million by SIL Ethnologue. ,   2,600,000     (Germany)The question whether Low German should be considered as subsumed under "German" as the official language of Germany has a complicated legal history. In the wake of the ratification of the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages (1998), Schleswig-Holstein has explicitly recognized Low German as a regional language with official status (§ 82b LVwG ). Luxembourgish  lb  Indo-European, Germanic, West, High German  336,000  386,000     (Belgium) Macedonian  mk  Indo-European, Slavic, South, Eastern  1,400,000     Mainfränkischvmf  Indo-European, Germanic, West, High German, Upper  4,900,000German dialect,     ,  &  (Germany) Maltese  mt  Semitic, Arabic  520,000      Manx  gv  Indo-European, Celtic, Goidelic  230  2,300     Mari  chm mhr  Uralic, Finno-Ugric  500,000      (Russia) Megleno-Romanian  ruq  Indo-European, Romance, Eastern  3,000      (Greece),   Mirandese  mwl  Indo-European, Romance, Western, West Iberian  15,000     (Portugal) Moksha  mdf  Uralic, Finno-Ugric, Mordvinic   2,000    (Russia)MontenegrincnrIndo-European, Slavic, South, Western, Serbo-Croatian240,700 Neapolitan  nap  Indo-European, Romance, Italo-Dalmatian  5,700,000     (Italy)In 2008, law was passed by the Region of Campania, stating that the Neapolitan language was to be legally protected.  Nenets  yrk  Uralic, Samoyedic  4,000total 22,000 native speakers (2010 Russian census) out of an ethnic population of 44,000. Most of these are in Siberia, with about 8,000 ethnic Nenets in European Russia (2010 census, mostly in Nenets Autonomous Okrug)     (Russia) Norman  nrf  Indo-European, Romance, Western, Gallo-Romance, Oïl  50,000    (France),  (United Kingdom) Norwegian  no  Indo-European, Germanic, North  5,200,000     Occitan  oc  Indo-European, Romance, Western, Occitano-Romance 500,000.
includes 
Auvergnat,
Gascon,
Languedocien,
Limousin,
Provençal,
Vivaro-Alpine.
Most native speakers are in France, their number is unknown, as varieties of Occitan are treated as French dialects with no official status.     (Spain)  Ossetian  os  Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Eastern  450,000Total 570,000, of which 450,000 in the Russian Federation.        (Russia) Palatinate Germanpfl  Indo-European, Germanic, West, High German, Central 1,000,000German dialect,      Picard  pcd  Indo-European, Romance, Western, Gallo-Romance, Oïl  200,000     (Belgium) Piedmontese  pms  Indo-European, Romance, Western, Gallo-Italic  1,600,000    (Italy)Piedmontese was recognised as Piedmont's regional language by the regional parliament in 1999. Motion 1118 in the Piedmontese Regional Parliament, Approvazione da parte del Senato del Disegno di Legge che tutela le minoranze linguistiche sul territorio nazionale - Approfondimenti, approved unanimously on 15 December 1999'', Text of motion 1118 in the Piedmontese Regional Parliament, Consiglio Regionale del Piemonte, Ordine del Giorno 1118.  Polish  pl  Indo-European, Slavic, West, Lechitic  38,500,000     Portuguese  pt  Indo-European, Romance, Western, West Iberian  10,000,000    Rhaeto-Romance  fur lld roh  Indo-European, Romance, Western  370,000Includes Friulian, Romansh, Ladin.         Belluno, , ,STATUTO SPECIALE PER IL TRENTINO-ALTO ADIGE  (1972), Art. 102. &  (Italy) Ripuarian (Platt)ksh  Indo-European, Germanic, West, High German, Central  900,000German dialect,     , ,  (Belgium) Romani  rom  Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Western  1,500,000     Constitution of Kosovo, p. 8 .  Romanian  ro  Indo-European, Romance, Eastern 24,000,000 28,000,000  ,    Mount Athos (Greece),  (Serbia) Russian  ru  Indo-European, Slavic, East  106,000,000L1: 119 million in the Russian Federation (of which c. 83 million in European Russia), 14.3 million in Ukraine, 6.67 million in Belarus, 0.67 million in Latvia, 0.38 million in Estonia, 0.38 million in Moldova. 
L1+L2: c. 100 million in European Russia, 39 million in Ukraine, 7 million in Belarus, 7 million in Poland, 2 million in Latvia, c. 2 million in the European portion of Kazakhstan, 1.8 million in Moldova, 1.1 million in Estonia. .   160,000,000  , ,    Mount Athos (Greece),  (Moldova), Transnistria (Moldova),  (Norway),  Sami  se  Uralic, Finno-Ugric  23,000mostly Northern Sami (sma), ca. 20,000 speakers; smaller communities of Lule Sami (smj, c. 2,000 speakers) and other variants. , 
, , , .     ,  Sardinian  sc  Indo-European, Romance  1,350,000AA. VV. Calendario Atlante De Agostini 2017, Novara, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, 2016, p. 230     (Italy) Scots  sco  Indo-European, Germanic, West, Anglo-Frisian, Anglic 110,000    (United Kingdom),  (Ireland & United Kingdom) Scottish Gaelic  gd  Indo-European, Celtic, Goidelic 57,000    (United Kingdom) Serbian  sr  Indo-European, Slavic, South, Western, Serbo-Croatian 9,000,000   , ,   ,  Mount Athos (Greece), ,  Sicilian  scn  Indo-European, Romance, Italo-Dalmatian 4,700,000    Silesian  szl  Indo-European, Slavic, West, Lechitic 522,000     (Poland, Czech Republic & Germany),  (Poland) Silesian Germansli  Indo-European, Germanic, West, High German, Central  11,000German dialect,      (Poland, Czech Republic & Germany),  (Poland) Slovak  sk  Indo-European, Slavic, West, Czech–Slovak 5,200,000      (Serbia),  Slovene  sl  Indo-European, Slavic, South, Western 2,100,000      Sorbian (Wendish)  wen  Indo-European, Slavic, West20,000    &  (Germany)GVG § 184 Satz 2; VwVfGBbg § 23 Abs. 5; SächsSorbG § 9, right to use Sorbian in communication with the authorities guaranteed for the "Sorbian settlement area" (Sorbisches Siedlungsgebiet, Lusatia). Spanish (Castilian)  es  Indo-European, Romance, Western, West Iberian 38,000,000 76,000,000    Swabian Germanswg  Indo-European, Germanic, West, High German, Upper, Alemannic  820,000German dialect,       Swedish  sv  Indo-European, Germanic, North 11,100,000 13,280,000  ,   Swiss Germangsw  Indo-European, Germanic, West, High German, Upper, Alemannic  5,000,000German dialect,     (as German)   Tabasaran  tab  Northeast Caucasian, Lezgic  126,900    (Russia) Tat  ttt  Indo-European, Iranian, Western  30,000, 
2,000 speakers in the Russian Federation according to the 2010 census (including Judeo-Tat). About 28,000 speakers in Azerbaijan; most speakers live along or just north of the Caucasus ridge (and are thus technically in Europe), with some also settling just south of the Caucasus ridge, in Transcaucasia.    (Russia) Tatar  tt  Turkic, Kipchak 4,300,000     (Russia) Turkish  tr  Turkic, Oghuz12,000,000c. 11 million in European Turkey, 0.6 million in Bulgaria, 0.6 million in Cyprus and Northern Cyprus, not including several million recent immigrants to Western Europe (see #Immigrant communities).   ,    Udmurt  udm  Uralic, Finno-Ugric, Permic 340,000      (Russia) Ukrainian  uk  Indo-European, Slavic, East32,600,000    Transnistria (Moldova) Upper Saxonsxu  Indo-European, Germanic, West, High German, Central  2,000,000German dialect,      (Germany) Vepsian  vep  Uralic, Finno-Ugric, Finnic 1,640Russian Census 2010.      Karelia (Russia) Venetian  vec  Indo-European, Romance, Italo-Dalmatian 3,800,000    (Italy)A motion to recognise Venetian as an official regional language has been approved by the Regional Council of Veneto in 2007.  Võro  vro  Uralic, Finno-Ugric, Finnic 87,000      (Estonia) Walloon  wa  Indo-European, Romance, Western, Gallo-Romance, Oïl 600,000     (Belgium) Walser Germanwae  Indo-European, Germanic, West, High German, Upper, Alemannic  20,000Highest Alemannic dialects,      Welsh  cy  Indo-European, Celtic, Brittonic 562,000 750,000     (United Kingdom) Wymysoryswym  Indo-European, Germanic, West, High German  70Moribund German dialect spoken in Wilamowice,
 Poland. 70 speakers recorded in 2006.      Yenishyec  Indo-European, Germanic, West, High German  16,000     Yiddish  yi  Indo-European, Germanic, West, High German 600,000Total population estimated at 1.5 million as of 1991, of which c. 40% in the Ukraine. , ,     , , , , , 

ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯐꯝ

ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯂꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡ