ꯑꯅꯨꯕꯤꯁ

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ꯑꯅꯨꯕꯤꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯔꯤꯕ ꯏꯖꯤꯞ ꯂꯥꯢꯅꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯢ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯁꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯃꯉꯝ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯢ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯅꯨꯕꯤꯁ (ꯏꯅꯄꯨ, ꯏꯅꯄꯨ, ꯑꯅꯄꯨ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯈꯉꯅꯕꯥ) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯖꯤꯞꯇꯀꯤ ꯃꯃꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ, ꯐꯤꯅꯥꯔꯦꯔꯤ ꯔꯤꯇꯦꯁ, ꯃꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯉꯥꯀꯄꯤꯕꯥ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯂꯃꯖꯤꯡꯕꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯃꯥꯡꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯊꯋꯥꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯗꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯄꯦꯠꯔꯣꯟ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯕꯔꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯖꯤꯞꯇꯀꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯕꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ, ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯡꯇꯛꯅꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯟꯅꯒꯤ ꯖꯦꯀꯜ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯋꯦꯄꯋꯥꯋꯦꯠꯇꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯃꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯝꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
ꯑꯅꯨꯕꯤꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯃꯇꯧ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯖꯤꯞꯇꯀꯤ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯤꯡ ꯂꯝꯕꯤ (ꯈ꯭ꯔ꯭ꯏꯁ꯭ꯇꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯳꯱꯵꯰-꯲꯸꯹꯰)ꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯔꯥꯖ꯭ꯌꯒꯤ ꯃꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯏ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯉꯥꯀꯁꯦꯟꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯂꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯏꯅꯚꯣꯏꯁ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯂꯆꯔꯦꯜ ꯐꯣꯂꯣꯋꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯍꯥꯟꯅꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯈꯤꯕꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯁꯣꯌꯗꯅꯥ ꯊꯥꯖꯩ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯖꯤꯞꯇꯀꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯗꯥꯏꯅꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯛ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯌꯗ (ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯔ꯭ꯏꯁ꯭ꯇꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯶꯰꯰꯰-꯳꯱꯵꯰)ꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯈꯔꯗꯥ ꯅꯧꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯡꯂꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯂꯝꯂꯛꯀꯤ ꯀꯨꯠꯇꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯖꯦꯀꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯈꯣꯃꯖꯤꯜꯂꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯈꯤꯕꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯅꯩ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯏꯖꯤꯞꯇꯀꯤ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯛꯇꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯅꯤꯟ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯂꯃꯂꯛꯀꯤ ꯀꯦꯅꯤꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯉꯥꯀꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯃꯒꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯊꯥꯖꯔꯝꯃꯤ꯫Pinch, G. Egyptian Mythology: A Guide to the Gods, Goddesses, and Traditions of Ancient Egypt. Oxford University Press, 2004.Ikram, S. Death and Burial in Ancient Egypt. The American University in Cairo Press, 2015.Wilkinson, R. H. The Complete Gods and Goddesses of Ancient Egypt. Thames & Hudson, 2003.

 ꯈꯨꯔꯨꯝꯖꯕ 
ꯑꯅꯨꯕꯤꯁꯀꯤ ꯄꯨꯔꯣꯍꯤꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯨꯄꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯝꯃꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯅꯕꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯄꯗꯥ ꯎꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯕꯥ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯕꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯁ꯭ꯛ ꯎꯞꯂꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯕꯔꯒꯤ ꯀꯂꯆꯔꯦꯜ ꯁꯦꯟꯇꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯋꯥꯡ ꯏꯖꯤꯞꯇꯇꯥ ꯁꯥꯏꯅꯣꯄꯣꯂꯤꯁ ("ꯀꯨꯠꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯁꯍꯔ")ꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯝꯃꯤ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯂꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯁꯉ ꯂꯩꯔꯝꯃꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯂꯩꯕꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝ ꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯊꯨꯡꯅꯥ ꯏꯀꯥꯌ ꯈꯨꯝꯅꯖꯔꯝꯃꯤ꯫
ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯀꯌꯥꯗꯥ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯊꯧꯗꯥꯡ ꯂꯧꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯁꯨ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯝꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯡꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯖꯤꯞꯇꯀꯤ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯀꯌꯥꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯂꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯕꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯅꯥ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯤꯡꯈꯤ꯫ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯀꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯍꯔꯃꯦꯁꯀꯥ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯍꯅꯈꯤ, ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯂꯃꯖꯤꯡꯕꯤꯔꯝꯃꯤ꯫
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ "ꯁꯨꯄꯥꯔ-ꯀꯦꯅꯤꯗ" ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯤꯕꯗꯥ ꯏꯀꯥꯏ ꯈꯨꯝꯅꯒꯅꯤ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯊꯋꯥꯌꯕꯨ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯉꯥꯀꯊꯣꯛꯀꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯒꯤ ꯊꯥꯖꯕꯥ ꯄꯤꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯛꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯌꯦꯜ ꯐꯪꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕꯅꯥ ꯊꯤꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯊꯥꯖꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯩ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯅꯨꯕꯤꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯁꯨꯛ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯝꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯦꯡꯗꯕꯥ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯈꯤꯕꯅꯣ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯈꯉꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯨꯔꯇꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯀꯁꯨ ꯏꯖꯤꯞꯇꯀꯤ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯈꯉꯅꯔꯕꯥ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯕꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯨꯔꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯐꯃꯒꯤ ꯄꯦꯟꯇꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯞꯂꯤꯀꯥꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯀꯨꯠꯇꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯃꯣꯗꯔꯟ ꯗꯦꯗꯥ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯝꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤ꯫Pinch, G. Egyptian Mythology: A Guide to the Gods, Goddesses, and Traditions of Ancient Egypt. Oxford University Press, 2004.Ikram, S. Death and Burial in Ancient Egypt. The American University in Cairo Press, 2015.Wilkinson, R. H. The Complete Gods and Goddesses of Ancient Egypt. Thames & Hudson, 2003.

 ꯁꯛꯇꯥꯛ 
ꯃꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯛ ꯀꯦꯅꯤꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯌꯦꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯀꯥꯡꯕꯨ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯖꯦꯀꯦꯜ-ꯗꯣꯒ ꯍꯥꯏꯕ꯭ꯔꯤꯗ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯖꯦꯀꯂꯒꯤ ꯃꯀꯣꯛ ꯊꯣꯡꯕꯥ ꯃꯁꯜ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ꯫ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯛ ꯃꯆꯨ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯤꯝꯕꯣꯂꯤꯖꯃꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯈꯅꯈꯤꯕꯅꯤ, ꯏꯖꯤꯞꯇꯀꯤ ꯀꯨꯠꯇꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯖꯦꯀꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯅꯥ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ꯫ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯛ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯅꯥꯏꯜ ꯇꯨꯔꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯂꯃꯗꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯩ-ꯃꯔꯣꯡ ꯊꯥꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯃꯥꯌꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯤ ꯇꯥꯈꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯔꯤꯖꯦꯅꯦꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯔꯤꯞꯔꯖꯦꯟꯇ ꯇꯧꯈꯤ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯁꯛꯇꯤ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯛ ꯀꯦꯅꯤꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯍꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯣꯌꯗꯅꯥ ꯐꯪꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯍꯤꯡꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯥꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯦꯞꯂꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯉꯥꯀꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯁꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯤ꯫
ꯃꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯃꯤꯗꯜ ꯀꯤꯡꯗꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯣꯁꯤꯔꯤꯁꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ (ꯕꯤ.ꯁꯤ.ꯏ. ꯲꯰꯴꯰-꯱꯷꯸꯲) "ꯋꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯔꯅꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ" ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯈꯉꯅꯔꯝꯃꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯀꯄꯗꯤ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧꯅꯤ (ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ "ꯋꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯔꯅꯔꯁ" ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯏꯖꯤꯞꯇꯀꯤ ꯋꯥꯍꯩꯅꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯊꯋꯥꯌꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯍꯩꯅꯤ꯫ ꯅꯣꯡꯆꯨꯞ ꯊꯪꯕꯥ ꯃꯥꯌꯀꯩꯗꯥ, ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯆꯨꯞꯄꯥ ꯂꯦꯞꯄꯥ)꯫ ꯊꯧꯗꯥꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯂꯣꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯥꯏꯗꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯌꯦꯜ ꯌꯥꯊꯪꯒꯥ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯊꯃꯈꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠꯇꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠ ꯁꯤꯟꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯁꯤꯔꯤꯁꯅꯥ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ "ꯋꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯔꯅꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ" ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯏꯀꯥꯏ ꯈꯨꯝꯅꯖꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯡꯊꯣꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯤꯈꯤ꯫Pinch, G. Egyptian Mythology: A Guide to the Gods, Goddesses, and Traditions of Ancient Egypt. Oxford University Press, 2004.Ikram, S. Death and Burial in Ancient Egypt. The American University in Cairo Press, 2015.Wilkinson, R. H. The Complete Gods and Goddesses of Ancient Egypt. Thames & Hudson, 2003.

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ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯂꯥꯏ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ