ഭൗതികശാസ്ത്രത്തിനുള്ള നോബൽ സമ്മാനം

ആൽഫ്രഡ് നോബൽ ഏർപ്പെടുത്തിയ അഞ്ച് നോബൽ സമ്മാനങ്ങളിലൊന്നാണ് ഭൗതികശാസ്ത്രത്തിനുള്ള നോബൽ സമ്മാനം (ഇംഗ്ലീഷ്: Nobel Prize in Physics, സ്വീഡിഷ്: Nobelpriset i fysik). ഭൗതികശാസ്ത്രത്തിന് നൽകിയ ഏറ്റവും മികച്ച സംഭാവനകൾക്ക് റോയൽ സ്വീഡിഷ് അക്കാദമി ഓഫ് സയൻസസ് എല്ലാ വർഷവും ഈ പുരസ്കാരം നൽകുന്നു.

നോബൽ ഫൗണ്ടേഷന്റെ പേരിൽ റോയൽ സ്വീഡിഷ് അക്കാഡമി ഓഫ് സയൻസസ് നൽകുന്ന ഈ പുരസ്കാരത്തിന്റെ ജേതാവിനെ തീരുമാനിക്കുന്നത് ഭൗതികശാസ്ത്രത്തിനായുള്ള നോബൽ കമ്മിറ്റിയാണ്. അക്കാഡമി തിരഞ്ഞെടുക്കുന്ന അഞ്ചു പേരാണ് ഈ കമ്മിറ്റിയിലുള്ളത്. 1901 മുതൽ നോബലിന്റെ മരണവാർഷികദിനമായ ഡിസംബർ 10-ന് സ്റ്റോക്ക്‌ഹോമിൽ വച്ചാണ് ഈ അവാർഡ് നൽകുന്നത്.

 അവാർഡ് ജേതാക്കൾ 
ഭൗതികശാസ്ത്രത്തിനുള്ള നോബൽ സമ്മാനം നേടിയവരുടെ പട്ടിക.
 YearLaureate Country Rationale190175pxWilhelm Conrad Röntgen"in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by the discovery of the remarkable rays subsequently named after him"190275pxHendrik Lorentz"in recognition of the extraordinary service they rendered by their researches into the influence of magnetism upon radiation phenomena"75pxPieter Zeeman190375pxAntoine Henri Becquerel"for his discovery of spontaneous radioactivity"75pxPierre Curie"for their joint researches on the radiation phenomena discovered by Professor Henri Becquerel"75pxMaria Skłodowska-Curie190475pxLord Rayleigh"for his investigations of the densities of the most important gases and for his discovery of argon in connection with these studies"190575pxPhilipp Eduard Anton von Lenard"for his work on cathode rays"190675pxJoseph John Thomson"for his theoretical and experimental investigations on the conduction of electricity by gases"190775pxAlbert Abraham Michelson"for his optical precision instruments and the spectroscopic and metrological investigations carried out with their aid"190875pxGabriel Lippmann"for his method of reproducing colours photographically based on the phenomenon of interference"190975pxGuglielmo Marconi"for their contributions to the development of wireless telegraphy"75pxKarl Ferdinand Braun191075pxJohannes Diderik van der Waals"for his work on the equation of state for gases and liquids"191175pxWilhelm Wien"for his discoveries regarding the laws governing the radiation of heat"191275pxNils Gustaf Dalén"for his invention of automatic valves designed to be used in combination with gas accumulators in lighthouses and buoys"191375pxHeike Kamerlingh-Onnes"for his investigations on the properties of matter at low temperatures which led, inter alia, to the production of liquid helium"191475pxMax von Laue"For his discovery of the diffraction of X-rays by crystals", an important step in the development of X-ray spectroscopy.191575pxWilliam Henry Bragg"For their services in the analysis of crystal structure by means of X-rays", an important step in the development of X-ray crystallography75pxWilliam Lawrence Bragg1916Not awarded World War I191775pxCharles Glover Barkla"For his discovery of the characteristic Röntgen radiation of the elements", another important step in the development of X-ray spectroscopy191875pxMax Planck"for the services he rendered to the advancement of physics by his discovery of energy quanta"191975pxJohannes Stark"for his discovery of the Doppler effect in canal rays and the splitting of spectral lines in electric fields"192075pxCharles Édouard Guillaume"for the service he has rendered to precision measurements in physics by his discovery of anomalies in nickel-steel alloys"192175pxAlbert Einstein"for his services to theoretical physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect"192275pxNiels Bohr"for his services in the investigation of the structure of atoms and of the radiation emanating from them"192375pxRobert Andrews Millikan"for his work on the elementary charge of electricity and on the photoelectric effect"192475pxManne Siegbahn"for his discoveries and research in the field of X-ray spectroscopy"192575pxJames Franck"for their discovery of the laws governing the impact of an electron upon an atom"75pxGustav Hertz192675pxJean Baptiste Perrin"for his work on the discontinuous structure of matter, and especially for his discovery of sedimentation equilibrium"192775pxArthur Holly Compton"for his discovery of the effect named after him"75pxCharles Thomson Rees Wilson"for his method of making the paths of electrically charged particles visible by condensation of vapour"192875pxOwen Willans Richardson"for his work on the thermionic phenomenon and especially for the discovery of the law named after him"192975pxLouis Victor Pierre Raymond, 7th Duc de Broglie"for his discovery of the wave nature of electrons"193075pxChandrasekhara Venkata Raman"for his work on the scattering of light and for the discovery of the effect named after him"1931Not awarded193275pxWerner Heisenberg"for the creation of quantum mechanics, the application of which has, inter alia, led to the discovery of the allotropic forms of hydrogen"193375pxErwin Schrödinger"for the discovery of new productive forms of atomic theory"75pxPaul Dirac1934Not awarded193575pxJames Chadwick"for the discovery of the neutron"193675pxVictor Francis Hess"for his discovery of cosmic radiation"Carl David Anderson"for his discovery of the positron"193775pxClinton Joseph Davisson"for their experimental discovery of the diffraction of electrons by crystals"75pxGeorge Paget Thomson193875pxEnrico Fermi"for his demonstrations of the existence of new radioactive elements produced by neutron irradiation, and for his related discovery of nuclear reactions brought about by slow neutrons"193975pxErnest Lawrence"for the invention and development of the cyclotron and for results obtained with it, especially with regard to artificial radioactive elements"1940Not awarded World War II1941Not awarded World War II1942Not awarded World War II194375pxOtto Stern"for his contribution to the development of the molecular ray method and his discovery of the magnetic moment of the proton"194475pxIsidor Isaac Rabi"for his resonance method for recording the magnetic properties of atomic nuclei"194575pxWolfgang Pauli"for the discovery of the Exclusion Principle, also called the Pauli principle"194675pxPercy Williams Bridgman"for the invention of an apparatus to produce extremely high pressures, and for the discoveries he made there within the field of high pressure physics"194775pxEdward Victor Appleton"for his investigations of the physics of the upper atmosphere especially for the discovery of the so-called Appleton layer"194875pxPatrick Maynard Stuart Blackett"for his development of the Wilson cloud chamber method, and his discoveries therewith in the fields of nuclear physics and cosmic radiation"194975pxHideki Yukawa"for his prediction of the existence of mesons on the basis of theoretical work on nuclear forces"195075pxCecil Frank Powell"for his development of the photographic method of studying nuclear processes and his discoveries regarding mesons made with this method"1951John Douglas Cockcroft"for their pioneer work on the transmutation of atomic nuclei by artificially accelerated atomic particles"75pxErnest Thomas Sinton Walton195275pxFelix Bloch"for their development of new methods for nuclear magnetic precision measurements and discoveries in connection therewith"75pxEdward Mills Purcell195375pxFrits Zernike"for his demonstration of the phase contrast method, especially for his invention of the phase contrast microscope"195475pxMax Born"for his fundamental research in quantum mechanics, especially for his statistical interpretation of the wavefunction"75pxWalther Bothe"for the coincidence method and his discoveries made therewith"195575pxWillis Eugene Lamb"for his discoveries concerning the fine structure of the hydrogen spectrum"75pxPolykarp Kusch"for his precision determination of the magnetic moment of the electron"195675pxJohn Bardeen"for their researches on semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect"75pxWalter Houser Brattain75pxWilliam Bradford Shockley195775pxTsung-Dao Lee"for their penetrating investigation of the so-called parity laws which has led to important discoveries regarding the elementary particles"75pxChen Ning Yang195875pxPavel Alekseyevich Cherenkov"for the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect"75pxIlya Frank75pxIgor Yevgenyevich Tamm195975pxEmilio Gino Segrè"for their discovery of the antiproton"75pxOwen Chamberlain196075pxDonald Arthur Glaser"for the invention of the bubble chamber"196175pxRobert Hofstadter"for his pioneering studies of electron scattering in atomic nuclei and for his thereby achieved discoveries concerning the structure of the nucleons"75pxRudolf Ludwig Mössbauer"for his researches concerning the resonance absorption of gamma radiation and his discovery in this connection of the effect which bears his name"196275pxLev Davidovich Landau"for his pioneering theories for condensed matter, especially liquid helium"196375pxEugene Paul Wigner"for his contributions to the theory of the atomic nucleus and the elementary particles, particularly through the discovery and application of fundamental symmetry principles"75pxMaria Goeppert-Mayer"for their discoveries concerning nuclear shell structure"75pxJ. Hans D. Jensen196475pxNicolay Gennadiyevich Basov"for fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics, which has led to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser–laser principle"75pxAlexander Prokhorov75pxCharles Hard Townes1965Richard Phillips Feynman"for their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics (QED), with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles"75pxJulian Schwinger 75pxSin-Itiro Tomonaga 1966 75pxAlfred Kastler "for the discovery and development of optical methods for studying Hertzian resonances in atoms"196775pxHans Albrecht Bethe "for his contributions to the theory of nuclear reactions, especially his discoveries concerning the energy production in stars"196875pxLuis Walter Alvarez "for his decisive contributions to elementary particle physics, in particular the discovery of a large number of resonance states, made possible through his development of the technique of using hydrogen bubble chamber and data analysis"196975pxMurray Gell-Mann "for his contributions and discoveries concerning the classification of elementary particles and their interactions"197075pxHannes Olof Gösta Alfvén "for fundamental work and discoveries in magneto-hydrodynamics with fruitful applications in different parts of plasma physics"75pxLouis Néel "for fundamental work and discoveries concerning antiferromagnetism and ferrimagnetism which have led to important applications in solid state physics"1971Dennis Gabor"for his invention and development of the holographic method"197275pxJohn Bardeen "for their jointly developed theory of superconductivity, usually called the BCS-theory"75pxLeon Neil Cooper  75pxJohn Robert Schrieffer 1973 75pxLeo Esaki "for their experimental discoveries regarding tunneling phenomena in semiconductors and superconductors, respectively"75pxIvar Giaever Brian David Josephson "for his theoretical predictions of the properties of a supercurrent through a tunnel barrier, in particular those phenomena which are generally known as the Josephson effect"1974Martin Ryle "for their pioneering research in radio astrophysics: Ryle for his observations and inventions, in particular of the aperture synthesis technique, and Hewish for his decisive role in the discovery of pulsars"Antony Hewish 197575pxAage Bohr "for the discovery of the connection between collective motion and particle motion in atomic nuclei and the development of the theory of the structure of the atomic nucleus based on this connection"75pxBen Roy Mottelson 75pxLeo James Rainwater 197675pxBurton Richter "for their pioneering work in the discovery of a heavy elementary particle of a new kind"75pxSamuel Chao Chung Ting 197775pxPhilip Warren Anderson "for their fundamental theoretical investigations of the electronic structure of magnetic and disordered systems"75pxNevill Francis Mott 75pxJohn Hasbrouck Van Vleck 197875pxPyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa "for his basic inventions and discoveries in the area of low-temperature physics"75pxArno Allan Penzias "for their discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation" Robert Woodrow Wilson 197975pxSheldon Lee Glashow "for their contributions to the theory of the unified weak and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles, including, inter alia, the prediction of the weak neutral current"75pxAbdus Salam75pxSteven Weinberg 198075pxJames Watson Cronin "for the discovery of violations of fundamental symmetry principles in the decay of neutral K-mesons"75pxVal Logsdon Fitch 198175pxNicolaas Bloembergen"for their contribution to the development of laser spectroscopy"75pxArthur Leonard Schawlow 75pxKai Manne Börje Siegbahn "for his contribution to the development of high-resolution electron spectroscopy"198275pxKenneth G. Wilson "for his theory for critical phenomena in connection with phase transitions"198375pxSubrahmanyan Chandrasekhar "for his theoretical studies of the physical processes of importance to the structure and evolution of the stars"75pxWilliam Alfred Fowler "for his theoretical and experimental studies of the nuclear reactions of importance in the formation of the chemical elements in the universe"198475pxCarlo Rubbia "for their decisive contributions to the large project, which led to the discovery of the field particles W and Z, communicators of weak interaction"Simon van der Meer 198575pxKlaus von Klitzing "for the discovery of the quantized Hall effect"1986Ernst Ruska "for his fundamental work in electron optics, and for the design of the first electron microscope"75pxGerd Binnig "for their design of the scanning tunneling microscope"75pxHeinrich Rohrer  198775pxJohannes Georg Bednorz  "for their important break-through in the discovery of superconductivity in ceramic materials"75pxKarl Alexander Müller 198875pxLeon Max Lederman "for the neutrino beam method and the demonstration of the doublet structure of the leptons through the discovery of the muon neutrino"Melvin Schwartz 75pxJack Steinberger 198975pxNorman Foster Ramsey "for the invention of the separated oscillatory fields method and its use in the hydrogen maser and other atomic clocks"Hans Georg Dehmelt "for the development of the ion trap technique"Wolfgang Paul 199075pxJerome I. Friedman "for their pioneering investigations concerning deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons and bound neutrons, which have been of essential importance for the development of the quark model in particle physics"75pxHenry Way Kendall 75pxRichard E. Taylor 199175pxPierre-Gilles de Gennes "for discovering that methods developed for studying order phenomena in simple systems can be generalized to more complex forms of matter, in particular to liquid crystals and polymers"199275pxGeorges Charpak "for his invention and development of particle detectors, in particular the multiwire proportional chamber"199375pxRussell Alan Hulse "for the discovery of a new type of pulsar, a discovery that has opened up new possibilities for the study of gravitation"75pxJoseph Hooton Taylor, Jr. 199475pxBertram Brockhouse "for the development of neutron spectroscopy" and "for pioneering contributions to the development of neutron scattering techniques for studies of condensed matter"75pxClifford Glenwood Shull "for the development of the neutron diffraction technique" and "for pioneering contributions to the development of neutron scattering techniques for studies of condensed matter"199575pxMartin Lewis Perl "for the discovery of the tau lepton" and "for pioneering experimental contributions to lepton physics"75pxFrederick Reines "for the detection of the neutrino" and "for pioneering experimental contributions to lepton physics"199675pxDavid Morris Lee "for their discovery of superfluidity in helium-3"75pxDouglas D. Osheroff 75pxRobert Coleman Richardson 199775pxSteven Chu "for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light."75pxClaude Cohen-Tannoudji 75pxWilliam Daniel Phillips 199875pxRobert B. Laughlin "for their discovery of a new form of quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations"75pxHorst Ludwig Störmer 75pxDaniel Chee Tsui 199975pxGerard 't Hooft "for elucidating the quantum structure of electroweak interactions in physics"75pxMartinus J. G. Veltman 200075pxZhores Ivanovich Alferov"for developing semiconductor heterostructures used in high-speed- and optoelectronics"75pxHerbert Kroemer Jack St. Clair Kilby "for his part in the invention of the integrated circuit"200175pxEric Allin Cornell "for the achievement of Bose–Einstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms, and for early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates"75pxCarl Edwin Wieman 75pxWolfgang Ketterle 200275pxRaymond Davis, Jr."for pioneering contributions to astrophysics, in particular for the detection of cosmic neutrinos"Masatoshi Koshiba 75pxRiccardo Giacconi "for pioneering contributions to astrophysics, which have led to the discovery of cosmic X-ray sources"200375pxAlexei Alexeyevich Abrikosov "for pioneering contributions to the theory of superconductors and superfluids"75pxVitaly Lazarevich Ginzburg 75pxAnthony James Leggett 200475pxDavid J. Gross "for the discovery of asymptotic freedom in the theory of the strong interaction"Hugh David Politzer 75pxFrank Wilczek 200575pxRoy J. Glauber "for his contribution to the quantum theory of optical coherence"75pxJohn L. Hall "for their contributions to the development of laser-based precision spectroscopy, including the optical frequency comb technique"75pxTheodor W. Hänsch 200675pxJohn C. Mather "for their discovery of the blackbody form and anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background radiation"75pxGeorge F. Smoot 200775pxAlbert Fert "for the discovery of giant magnetoresistance"75pxPeter Grünberg 200875pxMakoto Kobayashi "for the discovery of the origin of the broken symmetry which predicts the existence of at least three families of quarks in nature"75pxToshihide Maskawa 75pxYoichiro Nambu "for the discovery of the mechanism of spontaneous broken symmetry in subatomic physics"200975pxCharles K. Kao "for groundbreaking achievements concerning the transmission of light in fibers for optical communication"75pxWillard S. Boyle "for the invention of an imaging semiconductor circuit – the CCD sensor"75pxGeorge E. Smith 201075pxAndre Geim "for groundbreaking experiments regarding the two-dimensional material graphene"75pxKonstantin Novoselov 201175pxSaul Perlmutter "for the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe through observations of distant supernovae"75pxBrian P. Schmidt 75pxAdam G. Riess 201275pxSerge Haroche"for ground-breaking experimental methods that enable measuring and manipulation of individual quantum systems."75pxDavid J. Wineland 201375pxFrançois Englert "for the theoretical discovery of a mechanism that contributes to our understanding of the origin of mass of subatomic particles, and which recently was confirmed through the discovery of the predicted fundamental particle, by the ATLAS and CMS experiments at CERN's Large Hadron Collider"75pxPeter Higgs 2014Isamu Akasaki "for the invention of efficient blue light-emitting diodes which has enabled bright and energy-saving white light sources"Hiroshi Amano 75pxShuji Nakamura 201575pxTakaaki Kajita "for the discovery of neutrino oscillations, which shows that neutrinos have mass"75pxArthur B. McDonald 2016ഡേവിഡ് ജെ. തൗലെസ്"for theoretical discoveries of topological phase transitions and topological phases of matter"എഫ്. ഡങ്കൻ എം. ഹാൾഡെയ്‌ൻജെ. മിഖായേൽ കൊസ്റ്റെർലിറ്റ്സ്

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വർഗ്ഗം:നോബൽ സമ്മാനം