റാലിഡെ

പക്ഷികളുടെ ഗോത്രമായ ഗ്രൂയിഫോർമിസിലെ ഒരു കുടുംബമാണ് റാലിഡെ - Rallidae. ഗ്രൂയിഫോർമിസ് ഗോത്രത്തിൽ ഏറ്റവും കൂടുതൽ അംഗങ്ങളുള്ളതും ഈ കുടുംബത്തിലാണ്. ഇന്ത്യയിൽ സാധാരണയായി കണ്ടുവരുന്ന ജലപക്ഷികളായ കുളക്കോഴി, നീലക്കോഴി, ചെങ്കോഴി, പാട്ടക്കോഴി തുടങ്ങിയവ ഈ കുടുംബത്തിൽ ഉൾപ്പെടുന്നു. ചെറിയ ശരീരമുള്ള ഇവ പറക്കലിൽ പിന്നോക്കമാണ്. ഈ കുടുംബത്തിലെ ചില പക്ഷികൾ വംശനാശഭീഷണി നേരിടുന്നു.

അവലംബം

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 BirdLife International (BLI) (2007): Wake Island Rail BirdLife Species Factsheet . Retrieved 2007-07-04.
 Boles, Walter E. (2005): A New Flightless Gallinule (Aves: Rallidae: Gallinula) from the Oligo-Miocene of Riversleigh, Northwestern Queensland, Australia. (2005) Records of the Australian Museum 57(2): 179–190. ODF full text
 Dinkins, Walter (2014): The Rail Bird Hunter's Bible. A History of Rail Bird Hunting in the USA. Virtualbookworm.com Publishing.
 Gál, Erika; Hír, János; Kessler, Eugén & Kókay, József (1998–99): Középsõ-miocén õsmaradványok, a Mátraszõlõs, Rákóczi-kápolna alatti útbevágásból. I. A Mátraszõlõs 1. lelõhely [Middle Miocene fossils from the sections at the Rákóczi chapel at Mátraszőlős. Locality Mátraszõlõs I.]. Folia Historico Naturalia Musei Matraensis 23: 33-78. [Hungarian with English abstract] PDF fulltext
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 Hugueney, Marguerite; Berthet, Didier; Bodergat, Anne-Marie; Escuillié, François; Mourer-Chauviré, Cécile & Wattinne, Aurélia (2003): La limite Oligocène-Miocène en Limagne: changements fauniques chez les mammifères, oiseaux et ostracodes des différents niveaux de Billy-Créchy (Allier, France) [The Oligocene-Miocene boundary in Limagne: faunal changes in the mammals, birds and ostracods from the different levels of Billy-Créchy (Allier, France)] [French with English abstract]. Geobios 36(6): 719–731.  (HTML abstract)
Kirchman, J. J. (2012): Speciation of flightless rails on islands: A DNA-based phylogeny of the typical rails of the pacific. Auk 129:56-69.
Livezey, B. (2003): Evolution of Flightlessness in Rails (Gruiformes: Rallidae): Phylogenetic, Ecomorphological, and Ontogenetic Perspectives. Ornithological Monographs No. 53. (Book)
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McNab, B.K. (2002): Minimizing energy expenditure facilitates vertebrate persistence on oceanic islands. Ecology Letters 5:693-704.
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 Mlíkovský, Jirí (2002): Cenozoic Birds of the World, Part 1: Europe. Ninox Press, Prague.  PDF fulltext  
Perret, P., and J. Blondel (1993): Experimental-evidence of the territorial defense hypothesis in insular blue tits. Experientia 49:94-98.
 Olson, Storrs L. (1985): Section X.D.2.b. Scolopacidae. In: Farner, D.S.; King, J.R. & Parkes, Kenneth C. (eds.): Avian Biology 8: 174-175. Academic Press, New York.
 Slikas, B.; Olson, Storrs L. & Fleischer, R.C. (2002): Rapid, independent evolution of flightlessness in four species of Pacific Island rails (Rallidae): an analysis based on mitochondrial sequence data. J. Avian Biol. 33(1): 5-14.  (HTML fulltext)
 Steadman, David William (2006): Extinction and Biogeography of Tropical Pacific Birds. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-77142-3.
 Trewick, S.A. (1997): Flightlessness and phylogeny amongst endemic rails (Aves:Rallidae) of the New Zealand region. Biological Sciences. 352(1): 10-18.  (PDF fulltext)
 Worthy, Trevor H.; Tennyson, A.J.D.; Jones, C.; McNamara, J.A. & Douglas, B.J. (2007): Miocene waterfowl and other birds from central Otago, New Zealand. J. Syst. Palaeontol. 5(1): 1-39.  (HTML abstract)
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വർഗ്ഗം:പക്ഷികുടുംബങ്ങൾ
വർഗ്ഗം:റാലിഡെ