ലോകാരോഗ്യസംഘടനയുടെ അടിസ്ഥാന മരുന്നുകളുടെ മാതൃകാ പട്ടിക

ലോകാരോഗ്യസംഘടന നിർമ്മിച്ച അടിസ്ഥാന മരുന്നുകളുടെ മാതൃക പട്ടിക ആണ് ചുവടെ . ഈ പട്ടിക ആദ്യം പ്രസീദ്ധികരിക്കുന്നത് 1977 ൽ 204 മരുന്നുകളോടെ ആണ് . ഇത് എല്ലാ രണ്ടുവർഷം കൂടുപ്പോഴും പുതുകുന്നു. 2007 മുതൽ 12 വയസ് വരെ ഉള്ള കുട്ടികളുടെ മരുന്നിനു മറ്റൊരു പട്ടികയും പ്രസീദ്ധികരിച്ച് വരുന്നു.ഈ പട്ടികയുടെ 18-മത്തെ പതിപ്പ് ഏപ്രിൽ 2013-ൽ പ്രസീദ്ധികരിച്ചു. 

താഴെ കാണുന്ന പട്ടിക ഇതിന്റെ ഏപ്രിൽ 2015-ൽ നിർമ്മിച്ച19-മത്തെ പതിപ്പിനെ ആസ്പദമാക്കിയാണ്.


അനസ്തീഷിയ മരുന്നുക്കൾ
ജനറൽ അനസ്തീഷിയ മരുന്നുക്കളും ഓക്സിജനും 
വാതകരൂപത്തിലുള്ള മരുന്നുക്കൾ 
 ഹാലോതയിൻ 
 ഐസോഫ്ലുറൈൻ 
 നൈട്രസ് ഓക്സൈഡ്
 ഓക്സിജൻ

കുത്തിവെക്കുന്ന മരുന്നുക്കൾ 
 കെറ്റാമിൻ 
 പ്രൊപ്പോഫോൾ Thiopental may be used as an alternative depending on local
availability and cost.

ലോക്കൽ അനസ്തീഷിയ മരുന്നുക്കൾ 
 ബൂപിവാകെയ്ൻ
 Lidocaine
 Lidocaine + epinephrine
 Ephedrine (not a local anaesthetic, included in this list for prevention of hypotension associated with spinal anaesthesia during caesarean section)

Preoperative medication and sedation for short-term procedures
 Atropine
 Midazolam
 മോർഫിൻ

വേദന സാന്ത്വന പരിചരണ മരുന്നുകൾ

Nonopioids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
 Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin)
 Ibuprofen
 പാരസെറ്റമോൾNot recommended for anti‐inflammatory use due to lack of proven benefit to that effect (അസെറ്റാമിനോഫെൻ)

Opioid analgesics
 Codeine
 മോർഫിൻAlternatives limited to hydromorphone and oxycodone.

Medicines for other common symptoms in palliative care
 Amitriptyline
 Cyclizine
 Dexamethasone
 ഡയസെപാം
 Docusate sodium
 Fluoxetine
 Haloperidol
 Hyoscine butylbromide
 Hyoscine hydrobromide
 Lactulose
 Loperamide
 Metoclopramide
 Midazolam
 Ondansetron
 Senna

അനാഫൈലാക്സിസിന് ഉപയോഗിക്കുന്ന ആന്റി അലർജി മരുന്നുകൾ
 Dexamethasone
 Epinephrine (adrenaline)
 Hydrocortisone
 LoratadineThere may be a role for sedating antihistamines for limited indications (EMLc)
 Prednisolone

Antidotes and other substances used in poisonings
Nonspecific
 Charcoal, activated

Specific
 Acetylcysteine
 Atropine
 Calcium gluconate
 Methylthioninium chloride (methylene blue)
 Naloxone
 Penicillamine
 Potassium ferric hexacyanoferrate(II) ‐ 2H2O (Prussian blue)
 Sodium nitrite
 Sodium thiosulfate
 Deferoxamine
 Dimercaprol
 Fomepizole
 Sodium calcium edetate
 Succimer

Anticonvulsants/antiepileptics
 Carbamazepine
 ഡയസെപാം
 Lorazepam
 Magnesium sulfateFor use in eclampsia and severe pre‐eclampsia and not for other convulsant disorders.
 Phenobarbital
 ഫെനിറ്റോയിൻ
 Valproic acid (sodium valproate)
 Ethosuximide

Anti-infective medicines
Antihelminthics
Intestinal antihelminthics
 Albendazole
 Levamisole
 Mebendazole
 Niclosamide
 Praziquantel
 Pyrantel

Antifilarials
 Albendazole
 Diethylcarbamazine
 Ivermectin

Antischistosomals and other antinematode medicines
 Praziquantel
 Triclabendazole
 Oxamniquine

Antibacterials

Beta Lactam medicines
 Amoxicillin
 Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (amoxicillin + clavulanic acid)
 Ampicillin
 Benzathine benzylpenicillin
 Benzylpenicillin
 Cefalexin
 CefazolinFor surgical prophylaxis.
 CefiximeOnly listed for single‐dose treatment of uncomplicated ano‐genital gonorrhoea.
 CeftriaxoneDo not administer with calcium and avoid in infants with hyperbilirubinemia
 Cloxacillin
 Phenoxymethylpenicillin
 Procaine benzylpenicillinProcaine benzylpenicillin is not recommended as first-line treatment for neonatal sepsis except in settings with high neonatal mortality, when given by trained health workers in cases where hospital care is not achievable.
 Cefotaxime3rd generation cephalosporin of choice for use in hospitalized neonates.
 Ceftazidime
 Imipenem/cilastatin (Imipenem + cilastatin)Only listed for the treatment of life‐threatening hospital‐based infection due to suspected or proven multidrug‐resistant infection

Other antibacterials
 അസിത്രോമൈസിൻOnly listed for single‐dose treatment of genital Chlamydia trachomatis and of trachoma.
 Chloramphenicol
 Ciprofloxacin
 ClarithromycinFor use in combination regimens for eradication of H. pylori in adults.
 Doxycycline
 Erythromycin
 Gentamicin
 Metronidazole
 Nitrofurantoin
 Spectinomycin
 Sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim
 Trimethoprim
 Clindamycin
 Vancomycin

Antileprosy medicines
 Clofazimine
 Dapsone
 Rifampicin

Antituberculosis medicines
 Ethambutol
 Ethambutol + ഐസോനിയാസിഡ്
 Ethambutol + ഐസോനിയാസിഡ് + pyrazinamide + rifampicin
 Ethambutol + ഐസോനിയാസിഡ് + rifampicin
 ഐസോനിയാസിഡ്
 ഐസോനിയാസിഡ് + pyrazinamide + rifampicin
 ഐസോനിയാസിഡ് + rifampicin
 Pyrazinamide
 RifabutinFor use only in patients with HIV receiving protease inhibitors.
 Rifampicin
 RifapentineFor treatment of latent TB infection (LTBI) only
 Streptomycin
 Amikacin
 Bedaquiline
 Capreomycin
 CycloserineTerizidone may be an alternative.
 Delamanid
 EthionamideProthionamide may be an alternative.
 Kanamycin
 LevofloxacinOfloxacin and moxifloxacin may be alternatives based on availability and programme considerations.
 Linezolid
 p-aminosalicylic acid
 Streptomycin

ആന്റി ഫംഗസ് മരുന്നുകൾ
 Amphotericin B
 Clotrimazole
 Fluconazole
 Flucytosine
 Griseofulvin
 Nystatin
 Potassium iodide

Antiviral medicines
Antiherpes medicines
 എസിക്ലോവിർ

Antiretrovirals
Nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors
 Abacavir (ABC)
 Lamivudine (3TC)
 Stavudine (d4T)
 Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)
 Zidovudine (ZDV or AZT)

Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
 Efavirenz (EGV or EFZ)
 Nevirapine (NVP)

Protease inhibitors
 Atazanavir
 Darunavir
 Lopinavir + ritonavir (LPV/r)
 Ritonavir
 Saquinavir (SQV)

Fixed-dose combinations
 Abacavir + lamivudine
 Efavirenz + emtricitabineFTC is an acceptable alternative to 3TC, based on knowledge of the pharmacology, the resistance patterns and clinical trials of antiretrovirals. + tenofovir
 Emtricitabine + tenofovir
 Lamivudine + nevirapine + stavudine
 Lamivudine + nevirapine + zidovudine
 Lamivudine + zidovudine

Other antivirals
 OseltamivirPotentially severe or complicated illness due to confirmed or suspected influenza virus infection in accordance with WHO treatment guidelines.
 RibavirinFor the treatment of viral haemorrhagic fevers and in combination with pegylated interferons for the treatment of Hepatitis C.
 Valganciclovir

Antihepatitis medicines
Medicines for hepatitis B
—Nucleoside/Nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors
 Entecavir
 Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)

Medicines for hepatitis C
—Nucleotide polymerase inhibitors
 Sofosbuvir

—Protease inhibitors
 Simeprevir

—NS5A inhibitors
 Daclatasvir

—Non-nucleoside polymerase inhibitors
 Dasabuvir

—Other antivirals
 RibavirinFor the treatment of hepatitis C, in combination with peginterferon and/or direct acting anti-viral medicines.
 Pegylated interferon alpha (2a or 2b)To be used in combination with ribavirin.

—Fixed-dose combinations
 Ledipasvir + Sofosbuvir
 Ombitasvir + Paritaprevir + Ritonavir

Antiprotozoal medicines
Antiamoebic and antigiardiasis medicines
 Diloxanide
 Metronidazole

Antileishmaniasis medicines
 Amphotericin B
 Miltefosine
 Paromomycin
 Sodium stibogluconate or meglumine antimoniate

Antimalarial medicines
For curative treatment
 AmodiaquineTo be used in combination with artesunate 50 mg.
 ArtemetherFor use in the management of severe malaria.
 Artemether + lumefantrineNot recommended in the first trimester of pregnancy or in children below 5 kg.
 ArtesunateTo be used in combination with either amodiaquine, mefloquine or sulfadoxine + pyrimethamine.
 Artesunate + AmodiaquineOther combinations that deliver the target doses required such as 153 mg or 200 mg (as hydrochloride) with 50 mg artesunate can be alternatives.
 Artesunate + Mefloquine
 ChloroquineFor use only for the treatment of P.vivax infection.
 DoxycyclineFor use only in combination with quinine.
 MefloquineTo be used in combination with artesunate 50 mg.
 PrimaquineOnly for use to achieve radical cure of P.vivax and P.ovale infections, given for 14 days.
 QuinineFor use only in the management of severe malaria, and should be used in combination with doxycycline.
 Sulfadoxine + pyrimethamineOnly in combination with artesunate 50 mg.

For prevention
 ChloroquineFor use only in central American regions, for use for P.vivax.
 Doxycycline
 Mefloquine
 ProguanilFor use only in combination with chloroquine.

Antipneumocystosis and antitoxoplasmosis medicines
 Pyrimethamine
 Sulfadiazine
 Sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim
 Pentamidine

Antitrypanosomal medicines
African trypanosomiasis
Medicines for the treatment of 1st stage African trypanosomiasis
 PentamidineTo be used for the treatment of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense infection.
 Suramin sodiumTo be used for the treatment of the initial phase of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense infection.

Medicines for the treatment of second stage African trypanosomiasis
 EflornithineTo be used for the treatment of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense infection
 Melarsoprol
 NifurtimoxOnly to be used in combination with eflornithine, for  the treatment of T. b. gambiense infection.

American trypanosomiasis
 Benznidazole
 Nifurtimox

Antimigraine medicines
Acute attack
 Acetylsalicylic acid
 Ibuprofen
 പാരസെറ്റമോൾ

Prevention
 Propranolol

Antineoplastic and immunosuppressives
Immunosuppressive medicines
 Azathioprine
 Ciclosporin

Cytotoxic and adjuvant medicines
 All-trans retinoic acid
 Allopurinol
 Asparaginase
 Bendamustine
 Bleomycin
 Calcium folinate
 Capecitabine
 Carboplatin
 Chlorambucil
 Cisplatin
 Cyclophosphamide
 Cytarabine
 Dacarbazine
 Dactinomycin
 Daunorubicin
 Docetaxel
 Doxorubicin
 Etoposide
 Fludarabine
 Fluorouracil
 Filgrastim
 Gemcitabine
 Hydroxycarbamide
 Ifosfamide
 ഇമാറ്റിനിബ്
 Irinotecan
 Mercaptopurine
 Mesna
 Methotrexate
 Oxaliplatin
 Paclitaxel
 Procarbazine
 Rituximab
 Thioguanine
 Trastuzumab
 Vinblastine
 Vincristine
 Vinorelbine

Hormones and antihormones
 Anastrozole
 Bicalutamide
 Dexamethasone
 Hydrocortisone
 Leuprorelin
 Methylprednisolone
 Prednisolone
 Tamoxifen

Antiparkinsonism medicines
 Biperiden
 Levodopa + carbidopa

Medicines affecting the blood
Antianaemia medicines
 Ferrous salt
 Ferrous salt + folic acid
 Folic acid
 Hydroxocobalamin

Medicines affecting coagulation
 Enoxaparin
 Heparin sodium
 Phytomenadione
 Protamine sulfate
 Tranexamic acid
 Warfarin
 Desmopressin

Other medicines for haemoglobinopathies
 DeferoxamineDeferasirox oral form may be an alternative, depending on cost and availability.
 Hydroxycarbamide

Blood products and plasma substitutes of human origin
Blood and blood components
 ഫ്രെഷ് ഫ്രോസൻ പ്ലാസ്മ
 Platelet concentrates
 അരുണരക്താണുക്കൾ 
 Whole blood

Plasma-derived medicines
Human immunoglobulins
 Anti-D immunoglobulin
 Anti-rabies immunoglobulin
 Anti-tetanus immunoglobulin
 Human normal immunoglobulin

Blood coagulation factors
 Coagulation factor VIII
 Coagulation factor IX

Plasma substitutes
 ഡെക്സ്ട്രാൻ 70Polygeline, injectable solution, 3.5% is considered as equivalent.

Cardiovascular medicines
Antianginal medicines
 BisoprololIncludes metoprolol and carvedilol as alternatives.
 Glyceryl trinitrate
 Isosorbide dinitrate
 Verapamil

Antiarrhythmic medicines
 Bisoprolol
 Digoxin
 Epinephrine (adrenaline)
 Lidocaine
 Verapamil
 Amiodarone

Antihypertensive medicines
 അംലോഡിപിൻ
 Bisoprolol
 Enalapril
 HydralazineHydralazine is listed for use in the acute management of severe pregnancy‐induced hypertension only. Its use in the treatment of essential hypertension is not recommended in view of the availability of more evidence of efficacy and safety of other medicines.
 Hydrochlorothiazide
 MethyldopaMethyldopa is listed for use in the management of pregnancy‐induced hypertension only. Its use in the treatment of essential hypertension is not recommended in view of the availability of more evidence of efficacy and safety of other medicines.
 Sodium nitroprusside

Medicines used in heart failure
 Bisoprolol
 Digoxin
 Enalapril
 Furosemide
 Hydrochlorothiazide
 Spironolactone
 ഡോപാമിൻ

Antithrombotic medicines
Anti-platelet medicines
 Acetylsalicylic acid
 ക്ലോപ്പിഡോഗ്രൽ

Thrombolytic medicines
 Streptokinase

Lipid-lowering agents
 SimvastatinFor use in high‐risk patients.

Dermatological (topical)
Antifungal medicines
 Miconazole
 Selenium sulfide
 Sodium thiosulfate
 Terbinafine

Anti-infective medicines
 Mupirocin
 Potassium permanganate
 Silver sulfadiazine

Anti-inflammatory and antipruritic medicines
 Betamethasone
 Calamine
 Hydrocortisone

Medicines affecting skin differentiation and proliferation
 Benzoyl peroxide
 Coal tar
 Fluorouracil
 Podophyllum resin
 സാലിസിലിക് അമ്ലം
 യൂറിയ

Scabicides and pediculicides
 Benzyl benzoate
 Permethrin

Diagnostic agents
Ophthalmic medicines
 Fluorescein
 Tropicamide

Radiocontrast media
 Amidotrizoate
 Barium sulfate
 Iohexol
 Meglumine iotroxate

Disinfectants and antiseptics
Antiseptics
 Chlorhexidine
 എഥനോൾ
 Polyvidone iodine

Disinfectants
 Alcohol based hand rub
 ക്ലോറിൻ base compound
 Chloroxylenol
 Glutaral

Diuretics
 Amiloride
 Furosemide
 Hydrochlorothiazide
 Mannitol
 Spironolactone

Gastrointestinal medicines
 Pancreatic enzymes

Antiulcer medicines
 Omeprazole
 Ranitidine

Antiemetic medicines
 Dexamethasone
 Metoclopramide
 Ondansetron

Anti-inflammatory medicines
 Sulfasalazine
 Hydrocortisone

Laxatives
 Senna

Medicines used in diarrhea
Oral rehydration
 Oral rehydration salts

Medicines for diarrhoea in children
 Zinc sulfateIn acute diarrhoea zinc sulfate should be used as an adjunct to oral rehydration salts

ഹോർമോണുകൾ മറ്റ് അന്തഃസ്രവ മരുന്നുക്കളും ഗർഭനിരോധനമാർഗ്ഗങ്ങളും 

അഡ്രിനൽ ഹോർമോണുകളും അവയുടെ കൃത്രിമ ബദലുകളും
 Fludrocortisone
 ഹൈഡ്രോകോർട്ടിസോൺ

ആൻഡ്രോജനുകൾ
 ടെസ്റ്റോസ്റ്റിറോൺ

Contraceptives
Oral hormonal contraceptives
 Ethinylestradiol + levonorgestrel
 Ethinylestradiol + norethisterone
 Levonorgestrel

Injectable hormonal contraceptives
 Estradiol cypionate + medroxyprogesterone acetate
 Medroxyprogesterone acetate
 Norethisterone enantate

Intrauterine devices
 ചെമ്പ്—കലർന്ന ഗർഭാശയവലയം
 Levonorgestrel—releasing intrauterine system

Barrier methods
 ഗർഭനിരോധന ഉറ
 Diaphragms

Implantable contraceptives
 Etonogestrel—releasing implant
 Levonorgestrel—releasing implant

Intravaginal contraceptives
 പ്രൊജസ്റ്റിറോൺ vaginal ring

Estrogens

Insulins and other medicines used for diabetes
 GliclazideGlibenclamide not suitable above 60 years.
 Glucagon
 ഇൻസുലിൻ injection (soluble)
 Intermediate-acting ഇൻസുലിൻ
 മെറ്റ്ഫോർമിൻ

Ovulation inducers
 Clomifene

Progestogens
 Medroxyprogesterone acetate

Thyroid hormones and antithyroid medicines
 Levothyroxine
 Potassium iodide
 Propylthiouracil
 Lugol's solution

Immunologicals
Diagnostic agents
 Tuberculin, purified protein derivative (PPD)

Sera and immunoglobulins
 പ്രതിവിഷം immunoglobulinExact type to be defined locally.
 Diphtheria antitoxin

Vaccines
 BCG vaccine
 Cholera vaccineRecommended for some high-risk populations
 Diphtheria vaccine
 Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine
 Hepatitis A vaccine
 Hepatitis B vaccine
 HPV vaccine
 Influenza vaccine
 Pentavalent vaccine
 Japanese encephalitis vaccineRecommended for certain regions
 Measles vaccine
 Meningococcal meningitis vaccine
 Mumps vaccine
 Pertussis vaccine
 Pneumococcal vaccine
 Poliomyelitis vaccine
 Rabies vaccine
 Rotavirus vaccine
 Rubella vaccine
 Tetanus vaccine
 Tick-borne encephalitis vaccine
 Typhoid vaccine
 Varicella vaccine
 Yellow fever vaccine

Muscle relaxants (peripherally-acting) and cholinesterase inhibitors
 Atracurium
 Neostigmine
 Suxamethonium
 Vecuronium
 Pyridostigmine

Ophthalmological preparations
Anti-infective agents
 എസിക്ലോവിർ
 അസിത്രോമൈസിൻ
 Gentamicin
 Ofloxacin
 ടെട്രാസൈക്ളിൻ

Anti-inflammatory agents
 Prednisolone

Local anesthetics
 Tetracaine

Miotics and antiglaucoma medicines
 Acetazolamide
 Latanoprost
 Pilocarpine
 Timolol

Mydriatics
 AtropineOr homatropine (hydrobromide) or cyclopentolate (hydrochloride).
 Epinephrine (adrenaline)

Anti vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)
 Bevacizumab

Oxytocics and antioxytocics 
Oxytocics
 Ergometrine
 Misoprostol
 Oxytocin
 Mifepristone – misoprostolRequires close medical supervision.

Antioxytocics (tocolytics)
 നിഫിഡിപിൻ

Peritoneal dialysis solution
 Intraperitoneal dialysis solution (of appropriate composition)

Medicines for mental and behavioural disorders
Medicines used in psychotic disorders
 Chlorpromazine
 Fluphenazine
 Haloperidol
 Risperidone
 Clozapine

Medicines used in mood disorders

Medicines used in depressive disorders
 Amitriptyline
 Fluoxetine

Medicines used in bipolar disorders
 Carbamazepine
 Lithium carbonate
 Valproic acid (sodium valproate)

Medicines for anxiety disorders
 ഡയസെപാം

Medicines used for obsessive compulsive disorders
 Clomipramine

Medicines for disorders due to psychoactive substance use
 നിക്കോട്ടിൻ പ്രതിനിധാന ചികിത്സ (NRT)
 Methadone

Medicines acting on the respiratory tract
Antiasthmatic and medicines for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
 Beclomethasone
 Budesonide
 Epinephrine (adrenaline)
 Ipratropium bromide
 Salbutamol

Solutions correcting water, electrolyte and acid-base disturbances
Oral
 Oral rehydration salts
 ഇന്തുപ്പ്

Parenteral
 ഗ്ലൂക്കോസ്
 ഗ്ലൂക്കോസ് with സോഡിയം ക്ലോറൈഡ് 
 പൊട്ടാസിയം ക്ലോറൈഡ് 
 സോഡിയം ക്ലോറൈഡ് 
 Sodium hydrogen carbonate
 Sodium lactate, compound solution

Miscellaneous
 ജലം for injection

Vitamins and minerals
 Ascorbic acid
 കാൽ‌സ്യം
 CholecalciferolErgocalciferol can be used as an alternative.
 Ergocalciferol
 അയോഡിൻ
 Nicotinamide
 പിരിഡോക്സിൻ
 Retinol
 റൈബോഫ്ലേവിൻ
 Sodium fluoride
 തയാമിൻ
 Calcium gluconate

Ear, nose and throat medicines in children
 അസറ്റിക് അമ്ലം
 Budesonide
 Ciprofloxacin
 Xylometazoline

Specific medicines for neonatal care
Medicines administered to the neonate
 Caffeine citrate
 Chlorhexidine
 Ibuprofen
 Prostaglandin E
 സർഫക്റ്റന്റ്

Medicines administered to the mother
 Dexamethasone

Medicines for diseases of joints
Medicines used to treat gout
 Allopurinol

Disease-modifying agents used in rheumatoid disorders
 Chloroquine
 Azathioprine
 Hydroxychloroquine
 Methotrexate
 Penicillamine
 Sulfasalazine

Juvenile joint diseases
 Acetylsalicylic acidFor use for rheumatic fever, juvenile arthritis, Kawasaki disease

Notes
 A † indicates the medicine is a complementary item, for which specialized diagnostic or monitoring and/or specialist training are needed. An item may also be listed as complementary on the basis of higher costs and/or a less attractive cost/benefit ratio.

References

വർഗ്ഗം:ചികിത്സാരീതികൾ
വർഗ്ഗം:ഐക്യരാഷ്ട്രസഭ