Intifadah Patamo

Intifadah Patamo () atau dikenal juo sabagai Intifadah Palestina PatamoNami Nasrallah, 'The First and Second Palestinian intifadas,' in David Newman, Joel Peters (eds.) Routledge Handbook on the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict, Routledge, 2013, pp. 56–68, p. 56. adolah sarangkaian protes, tindakan nan balanjuik ka pambangkangan sipil jo karusuahan nan dilakuan dek panduduak Palestina di wilayah Palestina nan diduduaki dek Israel. Iko dilatar balakangi dek raso frustasi kolektif panduduak Palestina ateh panduduakan militer Israel di Tapi Barat jo Jalur Gaza sajak duo puluah tahun sabalumnyo, akibaik dari Parang Arab-Israel tahun 1967.Lockman; Beinin (1989), p. 5. Pambarontakan ko balansuang dari bulan Desember 1987 hinggo Konferensi Madrid tahun 1991, walaupun ado nan manyimpuannyo hinggo tahun 1993, tahun panandotanganan Pajanjian Oslo.

Intifadah dimulai pado tanggal 9 Desember 1987 di kamp pangungsi Jabalia sasudah surang supir oto Israel balantak jo oto sipil, manewasan ampek pakarajo Palestina, tigo di antaronyo baasa dari kamp pangungsi tu. Panduduak Palestina manuduah kacalakaan tu disingajo untuak baleh dandam ateh surang Israel nan tabunuah di Gaza babarapo hari sabalumnyo.David McDowall,Palestine and Israel: The Uprising and Beyond, University of California Press, 1989 p. 1 Israel mambantah kacalakaan tu disingajo. Palestina maresponnyo jo protes, pambangkangan sipil, sarato kakarehan.Ruth Margolies Beitler, The Path to Mass Rebellion: An Analysis of Two Intifadas, Lexington Books, 2004 p.xi. Ado coretan dindiang, barikade,, on p. 190. jo paambuangan batu sarato bom molotov ka arah tantara Israel jo bangunannyo di Tapi Barat sarato Jalur Gaza. Iko kontras jo upayo-upayo sipil tamasuak pamogokan umum, boikot tahadok limbago-limbago pamarentahan sipil Israel di Jalur Gaza jo Tapi Barat, boikot ekonomi nan tadiri dari manulak untuak mambayia pajak, jo manulak mambaok oto jo lisensi Israel.

Israel maarahan sakitar 80.000 tantara untuak maradam protes. Tindakan balasan Israel, nan awalnyo acok manggunoan paluru tajam dalam karusuahan, dikritik dek Human Rights Watch sabagai tindakan nan indak proporsional, salain panggunoan kakuatan mamatian nan balabiah dek Israel. Dalam 13 bulan patamo, 332 panduduak Palestina jo 12 panduduak Israel tabunuah.Audrey Kurth Cronin 'Endless wars and no surrender,' in Holger Afflerbach, Hew Strachan (eds.) How Fighting Ends: A History of Surrender, Oxford University Press 2012 pp. 417–433 p. 426.Wendy Pearlman, Violence, Nonviolence, and the Palestinian National Movement,Cambridge University Press 2011, p. 114. Salamo 6 tahun Intifadah, tantara Israel alah mambunuah saketeknyo 1.087 panduduak Palestina, 240 diantaronyo anak-anak.

Di antaro panduduak Israel, 100 warga sipil jo 60 tantara tabunuah,B'Tselem Statistics; Fatalities in the first Intifada. acok kali dek pajuang di lua kandali UNLU Intifadah,Mient Jan Faber, Mary Kaldor, 'The deterioration of human security in Palestine,' in Mary Martin, Mary Kaldor (eds.) The European Union and Human Security: External Interventions and Missions, Routledge, 2009 pp. 95–111. jo labiah dari 1.400 panduduak Israel jo 1.700 tantara luko-luko.'Intifada,' in David Seddon, (ed.)A Political and Economic Dictionary of the Middle East, Taylor & Francis 2004, p. 284. Kakarehan intra-Palestina juo marupokan ciri manonjol dari Intifadah, jo eksekusi nan laweh tahadok sakitar 822 panduduak Palestina nan dituduah sabagai kolaborator Israel (1988–April 1994).Human Rights Watch, Israel, the Occupied West Bank and Gaza Strip, and the Palestinian Authority Territories, November, 2001. Vol. 13, No. 4(E), p. 49 Pado wakatu itu Israel malaporan mandapek informasi dari sakitar 18.000 warga Palestina,Amitabh Pal, "Islam" Means Peace: Understanding the Muslim Principle of Nonviolence Today, ABC-CLIO, 2011 p. 191. nan kurang dari satangahnyo tabukti mampunyoi kontak jo Israel.Lockman; Beinin (1989), p.  Intifadah Kaduo tajadi dari September 2000 hinggo 2005.

 Rujuakan 

 Bibliografi 













 , out-of-print, now downloadable at civilresistance.info






 Pautan lua 
 Jewish Virtual Library
 The Intifada in Palestine:Introduction (www.intifada.com)
 United Nations Security Council Resolution 605
 Palestinian Arab "collaborators" (Guardian, UK)
 The Future of a Rebellion – Palestine An analysis of the 1980s intifada revolt of Palestinian youth. on libcom.org
 U.S. Involvement with Palestine's Rebellions from the Dean Peter Krogh Foreign Affairs Digital Archives
 Israel's Post-Soviet Expansion from the Dean Peter Krogh Foreign Affairs Digital Archives

Kategori:Konflik Israel-Palestina