Pambantaian di Indonesia 1965–1966

Pambunuahan skala gadang jo karusuahan sipil nan tarutamo ditargetkan pado anggota jo urang nan diduga simpatisan Partai Komunis Indonesia (PKI) tajadi di Indonesia dari tahun 1965 inggo 1966. Kelompok lain nan kanai tamasuak urang nan diduga simpatisan kumunih, padusi anggota Gerwani, serikat pekerja, urang Jawa Abangan, urang Cino, atheis, urang nan disabuik "kafir", jo urang nan kanai tuduah kelompok kida pado umumnyo. Manuruik estimasi nan paliang banyak dipakai sakurang-kurangnyo 500.000 hinggo 1 juta urang tabunuah, samantaro estimasi lain ado nan sampai duo hinggo tigo juta.Indonesia's killing fields . Al Jazeera, 21 December 2012. Retrieved 24 January 2016. Kejahatan tersebut, nan kadang-kadang dinyatoan sabagai genosida atau politisida, bamulo dari Tentara Indonesia di bawah Suharto. Penalitian jo dokumen nan dideklasifikasikan manunjuakan bahasonyo otoritas Indonesia mandapek dukuangan dari negara-negara lua sarupo Amerika Serikat jo Inggirih.

Walaupun ado konsensus pado tingkek tatinggi pamarentah A.S. jo Inggirih bahasonyo akan paralu "untuak mancairkan Sukarno", sarupo nan disabuik dalam memorandum Badan Intelijen Pusek (CIA) dari tahun 1962,.

 which notes that, prior to the mid-1950s—by which time the relationship was in definite trouble—the US actually had, via the CIA, developed excellent contacts with Sukarno. dan adanya kontak nan arek antaro perwira militer anti-kumunih jo lembaga militer AS – pelatihan labih dari 1.200 perwira, "termasuk tokoh militer senior", sarato pemberian sanjato jo bantuan ekonomiMacaulay, Scott (17 February 2014). The Act of Killing Wins Documentary BAFTA; Director Oppenheimer's Speech Edited Online. Filmmaker. Retrieved 12 May 2015. – CIA mambantah ikuik sato dalam kajadian iko. Dokumen AS nan dideklasifikasikan pado tahun 2017 mangungkapkan bahasonyo pamarentah AS punyo pangatahuan langkok takaik pambunuahan masal sajak awal dan mandukuang tindakan Tentara Indonesia .. Ikuik satonyo AS dalam pambunuahan, di antaronyo dengan manyadioan daftar pejabat PKI nan panjang kapado regu pembunuh Indonesia, sabalunnyo alah dibuktian dek ahli sijarawan jo wartawan.

Sabuah laporan rahasio CIA dari tahun 1968 manyatoan bahasonyo pambantaian iko "mandapek paringkek sabagai salah satu pambunuhan massal nan paliang buruak pado abaik ka-20, basamo  pambarasiahan Soviet pado tahun 1930-an, pambunuahan masal Nazi salamo Parang Dunia Kaduo, jo pambunuahan darah Maois pado awal tahun 1950-an."Mark Aarons (2007). "Justice Betrayed: Post-1945 Responses to Genocide." In David A. Blumenthal and Timothy L. H. McCormack (eds). The Legacy of Nuremberg: Civilising Influence or Institutionalised Vengeance? (International Humanitarian Law).  Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.  p. 81. Hal iko alah disabuik sabagai "genosida paliang gadang nan didukuang AS" sabagai akibaik dari dukuangan AS.

 Catatan kaki 

 Rujuakan dan bacaan lanjuik



 Bellamy, Alex J. (2012). Massacres and Morality: Mass Atrocities in an Age of Civilian Immunity. Oxford University Press. .

 Blakeley, Ruth (2009).  State Terrorism and Neoliberalism: The North in the South. Routledge. 
 Blumenthal, David A. and McCormack, Timothy L. H. (2007). The Legacy of Nuremberg: Civilising Influence or Institutionalised Vengeance? (International Humanitarian Law). Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. 
 Crouch, Harold (1978). The army and politics in Indonesia, Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press  (A revision of the author's thesis, Monash University, Melbourne, 1975, entitled: The Indonesia Army in politics, 1960–1971.)  pp. 65–66. Cited in Cribb (1990).





 Hindley, Donald. The Communist Party of Indonesia, 1951–1963 (U of California Press, 1966).


 Mehr, Nathaniel (2009). Constructive Bloodbath in Indonesia: The United States, Great Britain and the Mass Killings of 1965–1966. Spokesman Books. 

 Oey Hong Lee, (1971) Indonesian government and press during Guided Democracy Hull: University of Hull, Hull monographs on South-East Asia; no. 4 . Zug, Switzerland : Inter Documentation Co.

  cited here from Friend (2003).





 Simpson, Bradley (2010). Economists with Guns: Authoritarian Development and U.S.–Indonesian Relations, 1960–1968. Stanford University Press. 



 Vickers, Adrian (1995), From 




 Pautan lua 
 Final Report of the IPT 1965: Findings and Documents of the IPT 1965. International People's Tribunal 1965.
 Suharto's Purge, Indonesia's Silence. Joshua Oppenheimer for The New York Times, 29 September 2015.
 Indonesia takes step toward reckoning with '65–66 atrocities . The Associated Press. 18 April 2016
 Indonesia challenged to admit existence of mass graves from anti-communist purges. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 23 May 2016.
 Indonesia Takes a Step Back From Reckoning With a Past Atrocity. The New York Times, 29 September 2017.
 In Indonesia, the 'fake news' that fueled a Cold War massacre is still potent five decades later. The Washington Post. 30 September 2017.
 There's now proof that Soeharto orchestrated the 1965 killings by Jess Melvin. Indonesia at Melbourne at the University of Melbourne, 26 June 2018.
 LIFE Magazine article, 1 July 1966


Kategori:Sirajah Indonesia