Palestina

Palestina ( , , ; , Palaistinē; ; bahaso Ibrani: פלשתינה Palestina) adolah sabuah wilayah geografis di Timua Tangah antaro Lauik Tangah jo Sungai Yordan. Namo "Palestina" digunoan dek panulih-panulih Yunani Kuno, jo kamudian digunoan untuak provinsi Romawi Syria Palaestina, provinsi Romawi Timur Palaestina Prima jo provinsi Umayyah jo Abbasiyah Jund Filastin. Wilayah iko dikenal juo sabagai Tanah Israel (bahasa Ibrani: ארץ־ישראל Eretz-Yisra'el), Tanah Suci, Levant Salatande Geus, 2003, p. 7., Cisjordan, jo sacaro historis dikenal jo namo-namo lainnyo misalnyo Kanaan, Suriah Salatan jo Kerajaan Yerusalem.

Talatak di lokasi nan strategis, di antaro Mesir, Suriah jo Jazirah Arab, jo tampek lahianyo Agamo Yahudi jo Kakristenan, wilayah iko mampunyoi sijarah nan panjang jo riuh sabagai pasimpangan untuak agamo, budayo, padagangan jo politik. Wilayah iko alah dikuasai dek babagai bangsa, yaitu: Urang Mesir Kuno, Urang Kanaan, Bani Israil, Orang Assyiria, Urang Babilonia, Urang Farsi, Urang Yunani Kuno, Urang Romawi, Urang Romawi Timua, Kakhalifahan Arab Sunni, Kakhalifahan Fatimiyah Syi'ah, Urang Salibi, Ayyubiyyah, Mamluk, Turki Utsmani, Urang Britania, Urang Israel modern jo Bangsa Palestina.

Bateh-bateh dari wilayah iko salalu barubah sapanjang sijarah, jo tarakhia kali ditatapkan pado zaman modern dek Pasatujuan bateh Parancih-Britania (1920) jo Nota Transyordania (tanggal 16 September 1922), salamo pariode Mandat Palestina. Kini, wilayah iko tadiri dari Negara Israel jo Negara Palestina.

 Etimologi 

Istilah Peleset (Transliterasi dari Hieroglif Mesir sabagai P-r-s-t) basobok di babagai dokumen Mesir nan merujuak kapado sabuah bangsa atau tanah nan badakekan, bamulo dari sakitar taun 1150 SM salamo Dinasti kaduo puluah Mesir. Panyabuikan partamo dipakiroan ado di dalam teks-teks dari Kuil Medinet Habu, nan marekam sabuah bangsa nan disabuik Peleset ado di antaro Bangsa Lauik, nan manyerbu Mesir pado maso bakuasonya Ramses III,Fahlbusch et al., 2005, p. 185. kamudian diikuiki dek sabuah ukiran pado Patuang Padiiset. Urang Assyria manyabuik wilayah iko sabagai Palashtu atau Pilistu, dimulai Adad-nirari III pado Lempeng Nimrod sakitar taun 800 SM, sampai kaisar Sargon II, dalam hikayaiknyo sakitar 1 abaik satalah Lempeng Nimrod.Carl S. Ehrlich "Philistines" The Oxford Guide to People and Places of the Bible. Ed. Bruce M. Metzger and Michael D. Coogan. Oxford University Press, 2001.Sharon, 1988, p. 4.

 Geografi 
jmpl|ka|Peta Palestina sabagai nagara baru dari Kakhilafahan Ottoman Turki, nan dimuek dek New York Tribune pado 17 Juni 1917.
jmpl|Papan namo dalam tribahaso di Palestina
jmpl|Topografi Palestina|pra=Special:FilePath/Topography_of_Palestine.jpg

Palestina talatak di bagian barat benua Asia nan mambantang antaro garih lintang meridian 15-34 dan 40-35 ka arah timur, jo antari garih lintang meridian 30-29 dan 15-33 ka arah utara.

Palestina mambantuak bagian tenggara dari kasatuan geografis nan gadang di balahan timur dunia Arab nan disabuik jo nagari Syam. Salain Palestina, nagari Syam tadiri dari Lebanon, Suriah jo Yordania. Pado awalnyo nagaro-nagaro iko punyo pabatasan nan kolektif di lua pabatasannyo jo Mesir.

Pabatasan Palestina dimulai dari Lebanon di Ras El-Nakoura di wilayah Lauik Tangah (Lauik Mediterania) jo garih luruih mangarah ka timur sampai ka daerah di dakek kota ketek Lebanon iyolah kota Bent Jubayel, di mano garih pamisah antaro kaduo nagaro iko miriang ka Utara jo suduik nan hampia luruih. Pado titik iko, pabatasan barado mangitari mato aia Sungai Yordan nan manjadi bagian dari Palestina dalam jalan ketek nan mambatasinyo dari wilayah Timur jo wilayah Suriah jo danau Al Hola, Lout jo Tabariyya.

Pabatasan jo Yordania dimulai di wilayah selatan danau Tabariyya pado pambuangan sungai Al Yarmouk. Taruih sapanjang Sungai Yordan. Dari mato aia Sungai Yordan, pabatasan iko ka arah Selatan mambalah patangahan Lauik Mati sacaro geometrikal jo lembah Araba, hinggo sampai pado daerah Aqaba.

Pabatasan jo Mesir dapek digambaran jo garih nan hampia mambantuak garih luruih nan mambalah antaro daerah semi-pulau Seena jo padang pasia Al Naqab. Pabatasan iko dimulai di Rafah di Lauik Tangah hinggo sampai ka daerah Taba di Teluk Aqaba.

Di bagian Barat, Palestina talatak di sabalah paaiaan lapeh internasional dari Lauik Tangah jo jarak sakitar 250 km dari Ras El-Nakoura di balah selatan hinggo Rafah di bagian salatan.

Karano lokasinya talatak di patangahan nagaro-nagaro Arab, Palestina mambantuak kombinasi geografis nan natural jo humanistik bagi medan terestrial nan laweh nan mamuek kahidupan urang-urang asli Badui di wilayah selatan jo gaya panduduakan nan alah lamo di bagian utara. Tanah Palestina punyo kaistimewaan dibandiang jo daerah lain karano marupoan bagian dari tampek diturunkannyo sadoalah agamo samawi, tampek di mano paradaban kuno muncua, manjadi jambatan aktivitas komersial jo tampek panyusupan ekspedisi militer di sapanjang era basijarah nan babeda. Lokasi strategis nan dinikmati Palestina mamungkinkannyo untuak manjadi faktor panghubuang antaro babagai benua bagi dunia kuno Asia, Afrika jo Eropa. Palestina manjadi tampek nan dijadikan pintu masuak juo bagi pajalanan ka nagaro-nagaro tetangga. Inyo manjadi jambatan panghubuang bagi manusia sajak dulu kala, sabagaimano inyo menikmati juo lokasi sentral (Pusek) nan mamikek sabagian urang nan nio bamukim jo hiduik dalam kamakmuran.

 Pamarintahan 
Pada saat iko daerah Palestina tabagi manjadi duo entitas politik:
 Daerah nagaro Israel
 Daerah Otoritas Nasional Palestina, iyolah sabagian gadang Tapi Baraik jo saluruah Jalur Gaza

 Sijarah 

 Caliak pulo 
 Organisasi Pambebasan Palestina
 Yasser Arafat
 Konflik Israel jo Palestina
 Hamas
 Israel

 Referensi 

 Pranala lua 
 Pusek Informasi Palestina 
 Sijarah Palestina jo Rakyaiknyo 
 WAFA – kantua berita Palestina 
 Palestine.ma  
 The Palestine Chronicle 
 Welcome to Palestine  
 The Hope Simpson Report (London, 1930) 
 Palestine Royal Commission Report (the Peel Report) (London, 1937) 
 Report to the Council of the League of Nations (1928)  
 Report to the Council of the League of Nations (1929) 
 Report to the Council of the League of Nations (1934)  
 Report to the Council of the League of Nations (1935)  
 www.mideastweb.org – A website with a wealth of statistics regarding population in Palestine
 Coins and Banknotes of Palestine under the British Mandate 
 WorldStatesmen- Maps, flags, chronology, see Israel and Palestinian National Authority
 hWeb – Israel-Palestine in Maps 
 Palestine Fact Sheet from the Common Language Project
 1911 Encyclopedia description of Palestine
 Liberal Democrat Friends of Palestine 
 History of the Palestine Problem, UN website

 Peta
 Sykes-Picot Agreement, 1916 
 1947 UN Partition Plan
 1949 Armisitice Lines
 Israel After 1949 Armistice Agreements 
 Liberal Democrat Friends of Palestine 
 The Ottoman Palestine Pictures

 Pustaka 

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