Wahhabisme

Wahabi atau Wahhabisme  (, ) adolah sabuah aliran jo gerakan reformasi agamo dalam Islam nan mulonyo dipimpin dek Muhammad bin Abdul Wahhab. Gerakan ko acok disabuik sabagai aliran "ultakonservatif", "kareh", atau "puritan". Pandukuang gerakan ko picayo baso gerakannyo sabagai "gerakan reformasi", nan batujuan untuak mambaliakan ajaran agamo ka "ajaran tauhid nan murni", baliak ka ajaran Islam nan sabananyo, nan marujuak pado Al-Qur'an jo Hadits, barasiah dari sagalo panyimpangan nan dianggap bid'ah, syirik, jo khurafat.Abu Mujahid & Haneef Oliver, Virus Wahabi, Toobagus Publishing, 2010, hal. 120 – 121. Samantaro panatangnyo manyabuik Wahabi sabagai "gerakan sektarian nan sasek", "sekte cacek", atau panyimpang ajaran Islam. Istilah Wahabi acok manuai polemik dan dek pandukuangnyo biasonyo manulak mamakai istilah tu, labiah ka tuju jo manyabuik Salafi atau muwahhid, untuak manakanan prinsip katauhidan ("Aso" jo "Tungga"nyo Allah), manulak pado kalompok lain nan masih mampraktikkan kasyirikan.V. G. Julie Rajan Al Qaeda's Global Crisis: The Islamic State, Takfir and the Genocide of Muslims Routledge 2015  page 76 Gerakan ko dipangaruahi jo Ibnu Taymiyyah sarato mazhab Hambali, walaupun rami juo dari kalangan ulama Hambali nan manulak gagasan Muhammad bin Abdul Wahhab.

Wahhabisme dinamoi manuruik namo aktivis sarato pandakwah abaik ka-18, Muhammad bin Abdul Wahhab (1703-1792). Baliau mamulai gerakan reformasinyo di daerah Najd, manyampaian baso paralunyo pambarasiahan ajaran Islam nan sangkek tu marak bacampua jo pamujaan ka urang siak sarupo bakunjuang ka kubua urang-urang siak sarato mandoa di situ, nan dek baliau dianggap sabagai hal baru dalam agamo (bid'ah). Nan akhianyo, baliau bakarajo samo jo pamimpin satampek, Muhammad bin Saud, nan manawarkan kapatuahan politik sarato bajanji untuak malinduangi jo mambantu panyebaran dakwah Wahabi.

Aliansi antaro pandukuang Muhammad bin Abdul Wahhab jo Muhammad bin Saud alah jaleh tajalin arek. Katurunan Saud taruih malanjuikan karajo samo aliansi politik-agamo ko inggo proklamasi Karajaan Arab Saudi pado taun 1932, bahkan inggo zaman modern. Kini ajaran Muhammad bin Abdul Wahhab alah ditatapan sabagai ajaran rasmi Islam Sunni nan didukuang karajaan. Jo bantuan dana dari ekspor minyak Arab Saudi,Abou El Fadl, Khaled (2005), The Great Theft: Wrestling Islam from the Extremists, Harper San Francisco, pp. 70–2. gerakan ko bakambang capek mampangaruahi dunia Islam sajak taun 1970-an. Kamantarian Lua Nagari Amerika Serikat alah mampakirokan baso alah labiah dari ampek dekade tarakhia Riyadh alah maaliahan lansuang pandanaan malalui yayasan-yayasan nan dikalola dek Wahabi inggo $10 milyar (£6 milyar).

"Bateh" untuak manantuan nan ma nan Wahabi amaiklah payah, tapi dalam pamakaiannyo kini, istilah Wahabi jo Salafi acok batuka pamakaiannyo dan inyo disabuik sabagai gerakan nan akanyo babeda nan alah manyatu sajak taun 1960-an.Stephane Lacroix, Al-Albani's Revolutionary Approach to Hadith. Leiden University's ISIM Review, Spring 2008, No. 21.(Salafism has been termed a hybridation between the teachings of Ibn Abdul-Wahhab and others which have taken place since the 1960s) Stephane Lacroix, Al-Albani's Revolutionary Approach to Hadith. Leiden University's ISIM Review, Spring 2008, No. 21. Walau baitu, Wahabi disabuik sabagai "aliran tatantu dalam Salafi",GlobalSecurity.org Salafi Islam atau sabagai Salafinyo Saudi. Dipakirokan jumlah pandukuang Wahabi amaik baragam, manuruik ciek sumber adola 5 juta urang Wahabi di Taluak Persia (dibandiangan jo sadoalah Islam Sunni 28,5 juta sarato Syiah 89 juta).Other sources give far lower numbers of Shia though they do not estimate the number of Wahhabi (15% of KSA is Shia. sources: Saudi Arabia's Shia press for rights| bbc|by Anees al-Qudaihi | 24 March 2009; and Council on Foreign Relations | Author: Lionel Beehner| 16 June 2006; Vali Nasr, Shia Revival, (2006) p. 236)

Mayoritas Sunni jo Syiah di saluruah dunia kurang satuju jo ajaran Wahabi, dan rami Muslim nan manyabuiknyo sabagai sekte atau "aliran nan manyimpang". Rami dari kalangan ulama, tamasuak nan dari Universitas Al-Azhar, manyabuik Wahabi jo istilah sarupo "ajaran setan".Offline, ulema, such as those at the prestigious Al-Azhar University in Cairo (the Oxford University of the Sunni Muslim World) similarly, regularly denounce wahhabism as 'a satanic faith which has led to division, debate, dishonesty and mistrust of muslims'. Wahabisme alah dituduah sabagai "sumber dari sagalo bantuak terorisme global", dek dianggap mainspirasi ideologi Islamic State of Iraq and Syam (ISIS),Partick Cockburn, The Rise of Islamic State: ISIS and the New Sunni Revolution. Verso 2014. p. 6 sarato mambuek umaik tacarai dek malabeli Muslim lain nan manantang dakwahnyo sabagai kafir (takfir) sarato manyaru untuak manumpahan darahnyo. Wahabisme pun dikritik pulo dek usahonyo dalam maancuran makam-makam urang siak, mausoleum, sarato artefak-artefak jo bangunan-bangunan Islam jo non-Islam.

 Ajaran 
Pangikuik gerakan Wahabi maidentifikasi diri sabagai Islam Sunni (Ahlussunnah wal jamaah).Wahhabism:  Understanding the Roots and Role Models of Islamic Extremism, by Zubair Qamar, condensed and edited by ASFA staff Ajaran utamo dari Wahabi adolah panagehan tantang kaasoan jo tungganyo Allah, malawan kasyirikan.DeLong-Bas, Wahhabi Islam, 2004: 62 Dakwah nan disampaian iyolah maajak umaik untuak manjalanan ajaran agamo bak cando kaum salaf (umaik tadaulu). Sacaro tageh, pangikuik ajaran ko manulak ajaran-ajaran bid'ah nan biaso dilakukan mayoritas Sunni jo Syiah di saluruah dunia, sarupo bakalabiahan dalam manyanjuang nabi jo urang-urang siak. Wahabi manakankan pado pamahaman literal pado tafsir Al-Quran jo Hadits, nan manulak pamahaman dalil-dalil jo logika atau rasional (ahlur-ra'yu). Wahabi acok dikaikkan jo pamahaman takfir (malabeli muslim lainnyo sabagai kafir) dek panantang-panantangnyo. Ajaran Wahabi pun maajaan paralunyo ijtihad salamo basasuaian jo isi kanduangan Quran, Sunnah, sarato ajaran kaum salaf, nan deknyo hal ko ndak disabuik sabagai bid'ah.

 Populasi 
Pangikuik ajaran Wahabi kiro-kiro ado 4,56 juta urang di Taluak Persia, di mano 4 juta dari Arab Saudi (umumnyo Najd) dan sisonyo dari Uni Emirat Arab jo Qatar. Paretongan ko dibuek manuruik kriteria budayo bukan sacaro panyatoan. Banyak dari Sunni di Qatar nan Wahabi (46,9%) sarato 44,8% di Uni Emirat Arab. 5,7% urang Bahrain sarato 2,2% urang Kuwait nan Wahabi.

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 Bacoan lanjuik 

 Burckhardt, John Lewis, Notes on the Bedouins and Wahábys, H. Colburn and R. Bentley, 1830.
 Valentine, S. R., "Force & Fanaticism: Wahhabism in Saudi Arabia and Beyond", Hurst & Co, London, 2015,.
 Imran N. Hosein (1996). 'The Caliphate, the Hejaz and the Saudi-Wahhabi Nation-State' . New York: Masjid Darul Qur'an.
 Algar, Hamid, Wahhabism: A Critical Essay, Islamic Publications International,.
 Delong-Bas, Natana J., Wahhabi Islam: From Revival and Reform to Global Jihad, Oxford University Press,.
 Holden, David and Johns, Richard, The House of Saud, Pan, 1982,.
 Al-Rasheed, Madawi, A History of Saudi Arabia, Cambridge University Press, 2002,.
 De Gaury, Gerald and Stark, Freya, Arabia Phoenix, Kegan Paul International Limited,,.
 Oliver, Haneef James, The 'Wahhabi' Myth: Dispelling Prevalent Fallacies and the Fictitious Link with Bin Laden, T.R.O.I.D. Publications, February 2004,.
 Quist, B. Wayne and Drake, David F., Winning the War on Terror: A Triumph of American Values, iUniverse, 2005,.








 Saint-Prot, Charles. Islam. L'avenir de la tradition entre révolution et occidentalisation (Islam. The Future of Tradition between Revolution and Westernization). Paris: Le Rocher, 2008.
 Saudi Clerics and Shia Islam, by Raihan Ismail, Oxford University Press, 2016.

Kategori:Islam
Kategori:Salafi
Kategori:Sunni
Kategori:Arab Saudi