Toxorhynchites

Ny Toxorhynchites no hany vondron-karazana moka (fianakaviana Culicidae) ao amin' ny foko Toxorhynchitinii (zana-pianakaviana Culicinae). Ity vondron-karazana ity dia ahitana karazana zato eo ho eo mitsinjara amin' ny zana-bondron-karazana efatra, izay miparitaka indrindra any amin' ny faritra mafana eran' izao tontolo izao (35° Avaratra and 35° Atsimo).

Mahavariana ireo moka ireo noho ny antony maro. Izy ireo, hatreto, no moka lehibe indrindra eran-tany, mirefy 0,5 hatramin' ny 1,5 sm. Mahavariana ny famirapirany toy ny metaly, tsy mampidi-doza tanteraka ho an' ny biby manana hazondamosina amin' ny vanim-potoanana maha lehibe azy ireo: tsy manaikitra (tsy mihinana ra) izy ireo ary mitroka mamim-bony.

Ny olitr' ireo moka ireo dia mpiremby, mihinana indrindra ny olitry ny moka isan-karazany, ka mahatonga ny Toxorhynchite ho mahasoa ny olombelona. Ity karazana fomba fihinanana ity dia tsy fahita firy eo amin' ny moka, ary tsy hita afa-tsy ao amin' ny karazana Lutzia, ao amin' ny karazana sasany ao amin' ny Psorophora, Sabethes, Eretmapodites, Culiseta, Aedes ao amin' ny zana-bondron-karazana Mucidus, ary Tripteroides amin' ny zana-bondron-karazana Rachisoura.

 Karazana 

 Karazana maneran-tany 
Ny vondron-karazana Toxorhynchites dia mizara ho zana-bondron-karazana 4 ary misy karazana 90 mbola velona sy karazana 1 efa lany tamingana:

 Zana-bondron-karazana Toxorhynchites 
vignette|Toxorhynchites brevipalpis
vignette|Toxorhynchites towadensis
vignette|Toxorhynchites speciosus
Indreto ny karazana ao amin' ny zana-bondron-karazana Toxorhynchites:

 Toxorhynchites acaudatus (Leicester, 1908)
 Toxorhynchites albipes (Edwards, 1922)
 Toxorhynchites amboinensis (Doleschall, 1857)
 Toxorhynchites angustiplatus Evenhuis and Steffan, 1986
 Toxorhynchites ater (Daniels, 1908)
 Toxorhynchites auranticauda Lane, 1992
 Toxorhynchites auripes Edwards, 1935
 Toxorhynchites barbipes Edwards, 1913
 Toxorhynchites bengalensis Rosenberg and Evenhuis, 1985
 Toxorhynchites bickleyi Thurman, 1959
 Toxorhynchites brevipalpis Theobald, 1991

 Toxorhynchites camaronis Ribeiro, 1991
 Toxorhynchites christophi Portschinsky, 1884
 Toxorhynchites coeruleus (Brug, 1934)
 Toxorhynchites darjeelingensis Tyagi, Munirathinam, Krishnamoorthy et al., 2015
 Toxorhynchites dundo Ribeiro, 1991}
 Toxorhynchites edwardsi (Barraud, 1924)
 Toxorhynchites evansae (Edwards, 1936)
 Toxorhynchites funestus (Leicester, 1908)
 Toxorhynchites gigantulus Dyar & Shannon, 1925
 Toxorhynchites gravelyi (Edwards, 1921)
 Toxorhynchites indicus Evenhuis and Steffan, 1986
 Toxorhynchites inornatus (Walker, 1865)
 Toxorhynchites kempi (Edwards, 1921)
 Toxorhynchites klossi (Edwards, 1921)
 Toxorhynchites leicesteri Theobald, 1904
 Toxorhynchites lewisi Ribeiro, 1991
 Toxorhynchites macaensis Ribeiro, 1997
 Toxorhynchites magnificus (Leicester, 1908)
 Toxorhynchites manicatus (Edwards, 1921)
 Toxorhynchites manopi Thurman, 1959
 Toxorhynchites metallicus Leicester, 1904
 Toxorhynchites minimus (Theobald, 1905)
 Toxorhynchites nepenthicola Steffan and Evenhuis, 1982
 Toxorhynchites nepenthis (Dyar and Shannon, 1925)
 Toxorhynchites nigripes (Edwards, 1935)
 Toxorhynchites okinawensis Toma, Miyagi and Tanaka, 1990
 Toxorhynchites pendleburyi (Edwards, 1930)
 Toxorhynchites phytophagus Theobald, 1909
 Toxorhynchites quasiferox (Leicester, 1908)
 Toxorhynchites rajah Tsukamoto, 1986
 Toxorhynchites ramalingami Evenhuis and Steffan, 1986
 Toxorhynchites raris (Leicester, 1908)

 Toxorhynchites rickenbachi Ribeiro, 1991
 Toxorhynchites rodhaini Ribeiro, 1991
 Toxorhynchites speciosus (Skuse, 1889)
 Toxorhynchites splendens (Wiedemann, 1819)
 Toxorhynchites sumatranus (Brug, 1939)
 Toxorhynchites sunthorni Thurman, 1959
 Toxorhynchites towadensis (Matsumara, 1916)
 Toxorhynchites tyagii Krishnamoorthy et al., 2013
 Toxorhynchites domrey Maquart & Rahola,2023

 Zana-bondron-karazana Afrorhynchus 
Indreto ny karazana ao amin' ny zana-bondron-karazana Afrorhynchus:

 Toxorhynchites aeneus (Evans, 1926)
 Toxorhynchites angolensis Ribeiro, 1992
 Toxorhynchites brunhesi Ribeiro, 2004
 Toxorhynchites capelai Ribeiro, 1992
 Toxorhynchites erythrurus (Edwards, 1941)
 Toxorhynchites fontenillei Ribeiro, 2004
 Toxorhynchites grjebinei Ribeiro, 2004
 Toxorhynchites helenae Ribeiro, 1992
 Toxorhynchites kaimosi (van Someren, 1946)
 Toxorhynchites lemuriae Ribeiro, 2004
 Toxorhynchites lutescens (Theobald, 1901)
 Toxorhynchites madagascarensis Ribeiro, 2004
 Toxorhynchites nairobiensis (van Someren, 1946)
 Toxorhynchites nigeriensis Ribeiro, 2005
 Toxorhynchites pauliani (Doucet, 1951)
 Toxorhynchites ruwenzori (van Someren, 1948)
 Toxorhynchites viridibasis (Edwards, 1935)
 Toxorhynchites wolfsi Ribeiro, 2005
 Toxorhynchites zairensis Ribeiro, 2005

 Zana-bondron-karazana Ankylorhynchus 
Indreto ny karazana ao amin' ny zana-bondron-karazana Ankylorhynchus:

 Toxorhynchites catharinensis (da Costa Lima, Guitoon and Ferreira, 1962)
 Toxorhynchites hexacis Martini, 1901
 Toxorhynchites purpureus Theobald, 1901
 Toxorhynchites trichopygus Wiedemann, 1828

 Zana-bondron-karazana Lynchiella 
vignette|Toxorhynchites haemorrhoidalis
vignette|Toxorhynchites theobaldi
Indreto ny karazana ao amin' ny zana-bondron-karazana Lynchiella:

 Toxorhynchites bambusicola Lutz and Neiva, 1913
 Toxorhynchites cavalierii García and Casal, 1967
 Toxorhynchites gerbergi Belkin, 1977
 Toxorhynchites grandiosus Williston, 1900
 Toxorhynchites guadeloupensis Dyar and Knab, 1906
 Toxorhynchites haemorrhoidalis Fabricius, 1787
 Toxorhynchites hypoptes (Knab, 1907)
 Toxorhynchites mariae Bourroul, 1904
 Toxorhynchites moctezuma Dyar and Knab, 1906
 Toxorhynchites portoricensis Roeder, 1885
 Toxorhynchites pusillus Lima, 1931
 Toxorhynchites rizzoi (de Deus Palma and Galvão, 1969)
 Toxorhynchites rutilus Coquillett, 1896
 Toxorhynchites solstitialis Lutz, 1904
 Toxorhynchites theobaldi Dyar and Knab, 1906
 Toxorhynchites violaceus Wiedemann, 1821
 Toxorhynchites caatingensis Andrade & Corte, 2021

 Karazana hita eto Madagasikara 
Ity ny lisitry ny karazana karazana Toxorhynchites voalaza fa misy eto Madagasikara, izay samt ao amin' ny zana-bondron-karazana Afrorhynchus, araka ny loharanom-baovao ara-tsiansa (Ribeiro, 2004; Tantely et al., 2016).

 Toxorhynchites brunhesi Ribeiro, 2004"An updated checklist of mosquito species (Diptera: Culicidae) from Madagascar ", protectedareas.mg"Toxorhynchites Species: A Review of Current Knowledge", www.mdpi.com. 
 Toxorhynchites fontenillei Ribeiro, 2004.  
 Toxorhynchites grjebinei Ribeiro, 2004.  
 Toxorhynchites lemuriae Ribeiro, 2004.  
 Toxorhynchites madagascarensis Ribeiro, 2004.
 Toxorhynchites pauliani (Doucet, 1951). 

Fanamarihana:

 Ny fanadihadiana sy ny katalôgy sasany dia manondro ihany koa fa ny Toxorhynchites brevipalpis dia notaterina fa hita eto amin' ny Nosy tamin' ny alalan' ny angon-drakitra toy ny WRBU, saingy tsy tafiditra ao anatin' ny fanadihadiana rehetra vao haingana (angona tokony hohamarinina araka ny loharano).
 Ny biolojian' ny olon-dehibe amin' ny karazana malagasy dia mbola tsy takatry ny saina; ny olitra dia miaina amin' ny phytothelmata isan-karazany (Ravenala, Pandanus, Nepenthes, Bambusoideae, sns.) ary mpihinana ny olitry ny moka hafa.

Loharano:

 Ribeiro, H. (2004). A review of the Malagasy species of Toxorhynchites (Diptera: Culicidae). Zootaxa, 656 : 1-31.

 Tantely, L. M., Le Goff, G., Boyer, S. (2016). An annotated checklist of the mosquitoes of Madagascar (Diptera: Culicidae) . PLOS ONE, 11(7): e0159969.

 Loharano sy fanamarihana