Hedyotis

vignette|Hedyotis purpurascens
vignette|Hedyotis indirae
vignette|Hedyotis verticillaris
Ny Hedyotis dia vondron-karazan-javamaniry mamony ao amin' ny fianakaviana Rubiaceae ao amin' ny filaharana Gentianales. Karazana maro ao aminy, toy ny Hedyotis biflora sy ny Hedyotis corymbosa ary ny Hedyotis diffusa, no zavamaniry fanao fanafody malaza. Teratany any Azia trôpikaly sy sobtrôpikaly ary any amin' ny nosy maro any avaratra-andrefan' i Pasifika ny Hedyotis. Misy karazany 115 eo ho eo izy io. Ny Hedyotis fruticosa no karazana fiklamatra. Nomen' i Carl Linnaeus anarana tamin' ny 1753 tao amin' ny Species Plantarum ny Hedyotis. Io anarana io dia avy amin' ny teny grika roa, hedys, "mamy", sy otos, "sofina", izay ilazana ny ravina mamy sy miendrika sofina amin' ny karazana sasany.

 Taksônômia 
Nofaritan' ny mpanoratra sasany teo aloha tamin' ny fomba malalaka ny Hedyotis, ary tafiditra tao aminy ny karazana napetraka ao amin' ny Oldenlandia, ao amin' ny Oldenlandiopsis, ao amin' ny Houstonia, ao amin' ny Kadua, ary ao amin' ny vondron-karazana hafa. Voafaritra amin' ny fomba tery kokoa izy izao, amin' ny maha vondrona mônôfiletika azy izay mifandray akaiky amin' ny Agathisanthemum. Noforonin' i Bremekamp ny vondron-karazana Pleiocraterium izay nampidirany ny Hedyotis verticillaris ho anisany amin' ny anarana hoe Pleiocraterium verticillare, toy izany koa ny Pleiocraterium plantaginifolium any Srilanka, ny Pleiocraterium sumatranum ary ny Pleiocraterium gentianifolium, samy any Sumatra. Nahita an' io vondron-karazana io ho ao anatin' ny solontena hafan' ny vondron-karazana Hedyotis anefa ny fanadihadiana filôjenetika môlekiolary, ka tsy misy antony hanohanana ny famoronana vondron-karazana misaraka.

 Karazana 
Tamin' ny Marsa 2023, ny Plants of the World Online dia nanaiky ireto karazana manaraka ireto:

 Hedyotis acutangula Champ. ex Benth.
 Hedyotis aimiriikensis Kaneh.
 Hedyotis albonerva Bedd.
 Hedyotis articularis R.Br. ex Wight & Arn.
 Hedyotis atropurpurea Merr.
 Hedyotis austrosinica L.Wu & L.H.Yang
 Hedyotis bahaii J.F.Maxwell
 Hedyotis bambusetorum Merr.
 Hedyotis baotingensis W.C.Ko
 Hedyotis barberi (Gamble) A.N.Henry & Subr.
 Hedyotis beddomei Hook.f.
 Hedyotis benguetensis (Elmer) Elmer
 Hedyotis bourdillonii (Gamble) R.S.Rao & Hemadri ex N.C.Nair, V.J.Nair & R.Ansari
 Hedyotis brachyantha Merr.
 Hedyotis bracteosa Hance
 Hedyotis buxifolia Bedd.
 Hedyotis cagayanensis Merr.
 Hedyotis camarinensis Merr.
 Hedyotis cantoniensis F.C.How ex W.C.Ko
 Hedyotis cardiophylla Quisumb. & Merr.
 Hedyotis catanduanensis Merr.
 Hedyotis cathayana W.C.Ko
 Hedyotis caudata Merr.
 Hedyotis caudatifolia Merr. & F.P.Metcalf
 Hedyotis ceylanica N.Wikstr. & Neupane
 Hedyotis cheniana R.J.Wang
 Hedyotis cinereoviridis Thwaites
 Hedyotis communis W.C.Ko
 Hedyotis coprosmoides Trimen
 Hedyotis cornifolia Kaneh.
 Hedyotis cryptantha Dunn
 Hedyotis cushingiae Fosberg
 Hedyotis cyanantha Kurz
 Hedyotis cyanescens Thwaites
 Hedyotis decora E.T.Geddes
 Hedyotis dendroides Alston
 Hedyotis densa Craib
 Hedyotis devicolamensis Deb & Ratna Dutta
 Hedyotis diffusissima Merr.
 Hedyotis divaricata (Valeton) Hosok.
 Hedyotis edanoii Quisumb. & Merr.
 Hedyotis effusa Hance
 Hedyotis equisetiformis Wernham
 Hedyotis eualata (Gamble) A.N.Henry & Subr.
 Hedyotis eucapitata Merr.
 Hedyotis evenia Thwaites
 Hedyotis exserta Merr.
 Hedyotis fissistipula Merr.
 Hedyotis flavescens Thwaites
 Hedyotis flexuosa Ridl.
 Hedyotis fruticosa L.
 Hedyotis fruticulosa (Volkens) Merr.
 Hedyotis fumata Alston
 Hedyotis gamblei A.N.Henry & Subr.
 Hedyotis gardneri Thwaites
 Hedyotis garrettii Craib
 Hedyotis gartmorensis Ridsdale
 Hedyotis gentianifolia (Bremek.) N.Wikstr. & Neupane
 Hedyotis globiceps Ridl.
 Hedyotis griffithii Hook.f.
 Hedyotis hainanensis (Chun) W.C.Ko
 Hedyotis hamiguitanensis Santor, D.D.B.Santiago & Alejandro
 Hedyotis havilandii King
 Hedyotis hirsutissima Bedd.
 Hedyotis humilis Merr.
 Hedyotis inamoena Thwaites
 Hedyotis indirae K.M.P.Kumar & Aiswarya
 Hedyotis kamputensis (Pit.) Wangwasit & Chantar.
 Hedyotis korrorensis (Valeton) Hosok.
 Hedyotis kottangathattiensis M.B.Viswan. & Manik.
 Hedyotis kurzii Merr.
 Hedyotis laciniata Kaneh.
 Hedyotis lancea Thunb. ex Maxim.
 Hedyotis laotica (Pit.) Wangwasit & Chantar.
 Hedyotis lawsoniae Wight & Arn.
 Hedyotis leschenaultiana DC.
 Hedyotis lessertiana Arn.
 Hedyotis leuserensis N.Wikstr. & Neupane
 Hedyotis loganioides Benth.
 Hedyotis longiexserta Merr. & F.P.Metcalf
 Hedyotis longipedunculata Merr.
 Hedyotis longipetala Merr.
 Hedyotis luzoniensis Merr.
 Hedyotis lychnidifolia Craib
 Hedyotis macgregorii Merr.
 Hedyotis macraei Hook.f.
 Hedyotis macrophylla Wall. ex Wight & Arn.
 Hedyotis macrostegia Stapf
 Hedyotis maingayi Hook.f.
 Hedyotis marginata (Thwaites ex Trimen) Alston
 Hedyotis matthewii Dunn
 Hedyotis megalantha Merr.
 Hedyotis membranacea Thwaites
 Hedyotis mindorensis Quisumb.
 Hedyotis minutopuberula Merr. & F.P.Metcalf
 Hedyotis montana Merr.
 Hedyotis nairii Murug. & V.Balas.
 Hedyotis nankunshanensis R.J.Wang & S.J.Deng
 Hedyotis nanlingensis R.J.Wang
 Hedyotis neesiana Arn.
 Hedyotis neolessertiana Ridsdale
 Hedyotis nigrescens Merr.
 Hedyotis nodiflora Wall. ex G.Don
 Hedyotis nodulosa Arn.
 Hedyotis novoguineensis Merr. & L.M.Perry
 Hedyotis nutans (Valeton) P.Royen
 Hedyotis obscura Thwaites
 Hedyotis oligantha Merr.
 Hedyotis ovalis (Korth.) Walp.
 Hedyotis ovata Thunb. ex Maxim.
 Hedyotis papafranciscoi Alejandro
 Hedyotis paridifolia Dunn
 Hedyotis patens Ridl.
 Hedyotis phanerophlebia Merr.
 Hedyotis philippensis (Willd. ex Spreng.) Merr. ex C.B.Rob.
 Hedyotis pilosissima Merr.
 Hedyotis pinaster Ridl.
 Hedyotis plantaginifolia Arn.
 Hedyotis ponapensis (Valeton) Kaneh.
 Hedyotis prostrata Blume
 Hedyotis protrusa Stapf
 Hedyotis pruinosa Wight & Arn.
 Hedyotis puberulifolia Y.D.Xu & R.J.Wang
 Hedyotis pubescens (Valeton) Merr. & L.M.Perry
 Hedyotis puffii Wangwasit & Chantar.
 Hedyotis pulchella Stapf
 Hedyotis pulcherrima Dunn
 Hedyotis punicea Craib
 Hedyotis purpurascens Hook.f.
 Hedyotis quinquinervia Thwaites
 Hedyotis rajasekaranii Karupp. & V.Ravich.
 Hedyotis ramarowii (Gamble) R.S.Rao & Hemadri
 Hedyotis resupinata Ridl.
 Hedyotis rhinophylla Thwaites ex Trimen
 Hedyotis rigida (Blume) Walp.
 Hedyotis rivalis Ridl.
 Hedyotis rosmarinifolia (Pit.) Craib
 Hedyotis rugosa (Blume) Korth.
 Hedyotis sachetiana Fosberg
 Hedyotis scaberrima Merr.
 Hedyotis scaberula Hook.f.
 Hedyotis scabridifolia Kaneh.
 Hedyotis schlechteri Merr. & L.M.Perry
 Hedyotis scoparia (Pierre ex Pit.) P.H.Hô
 Hedyotis shenzhenensis Tao Chen
 Hedyotis shettyi K.Ravik. & V.Lakshm.
 Hedyotis shoolamudi Sunil, Naveen Kum. & K.M.P.Kumar
 Hedyotis sibuyanensis Elmer
 Hedyotis similis E.T.Geddes
 Hedyotis simplex Merr.
 Hedyotis simplicissima (Lour.) Merr.
 Hedyotis sithiravaraiensis Muruganand., Devanath., S.Ravik. & D.Naras.
 Hedyotis srilankensis Deb & Ratna Dutta
 Hedyotis stelligera Ridl.
 Hedyotis stylosa R.Br. ex Wight & Arn.
 Hedyotis suborthogona Hosok.
 Hedyotis subvelutina Elmer
 Hedyotis subvenosa Merr.
 Hedyotis subverticillata Alston
 Hedyotis swertioides Hook.f.
 Hedyotis symphyllarionoides Ridsdale
 Hedyotis taishanensis G.T.Wang & R.J.Wang
 Hedyotis tavoyensis N.P.Balakr.
 Hedyotis tenuipes Hemsl.
 Hedyotis terminaliflora Merr. & Chun
 Hedyotis ternata (Pierre ex Pit.) P.H.Hô
 Hedyotis tetrandra (Roxb.) Craib
 Hedyotis tetrangularis (Korth.) Walp.
 Hedyotis thwaitesii Hook.f.
 Hedyotis tomentosa (Valeton) Hosok.
 Hedyotis tonggulingensis G.B.Jiang & R.J.Wang
 Hedyotis travancorica Bedd.
 Hedyotis trichoneura Alston
 Hedyotis tridentata Ridsdale
 Hedyotis trimenii Deb & Ratna Dutta
 Hedyotis trisecta Elmer
 Hedyotis tuyamae Hosok.
 Hedyotis uncinella Hook. & Arn.
 Hedyotis vachellii Hook. & Arn.
 Hedyotis valetoniana Merr. & L.M.Perry
 Hedyotis verticillaris Wall. ex Wight & Arn.
 Hedyotis wangii R.J.Wang
 Hedyotis whiteheadii Merr.
 Hedyotis wuzhishanensis R.J.Wang
 Hedyotis xinyiensis X.Guo & R.J.Wang
 Hedyotis yangchunensis W.C.Ko & Zhang
 Hedyotis yazhouensis F.W.Xing & R.J.Wang
 Hedyotis zhihaoana Huan C.Wang & Xiao Lan Liu

 Napetraka tao teo aloha 

 Parainvolucrella scabra (Wall. ex Kurz) M.D.Yuan & R.J.Wang (= Hedyotis scabra Wall. ex Kurz)

 Jereo koa 

 Oldenlandia
 Oldenlandiopsis
 Houstonia 
 Kadua
 Agathisanthemum. 

 Parainvolucrella