Phyllanthus

Ny Phyllanthus dia vondron-karazana zavamaniry mamony ao amin' ny fianakaviana Phyllanthaceae, ao amn' ny filaharana Malpighiales. Izy no lehibe indrindra amin' ny vondron-karazana ao amin' io fianakaviana io. Miovaova be ny Ny fanombanana ny isan' ny karazana ao amin' ity vondron-karazana ity, manomboka amin' ny 750 ka hatramin' ny 1 200. Manana endrika isan-karazany izay samy manana ny fomba faniriany ny Phyllanthus: isan-taona na mihoatra ny roa taona, zavamaniry ahitra na hazobotry na zavamaniry mianika na mitsingevana anaty rano, ary misy ny matevim-pototra mitahiry rano.Manana taho miendrika ravina (sahala amin' ny an' ny raketa) ny sasany. 

Saika ny zavamaniry rehetra ao amin' ny Phyllanthus dia maneho fomba fitomboana manokana arakaraka ny karazana, antsoina hoe "fomba fisampanana filantôida" izay misy ny rantsana mitsangana mitondra rantsana marindrano na somary mihilana, mora mihintsana sy mitondra ny voniny. Fohy dia fohy ka lasa kirany ny ravina amin' ny teza lehibe afovoany (mitsangana), fa mivoatra ara-dalàna kosa ny ravina amin' ny teza hafa.

I Carl Linnaeus no nanao ny famariparitana voalohany ny Phyllanthus tamin' ny taona 1753; ny karazana filamatra dia ny Phyllanthus niruri. Ny karazana ao amin' ny Phyllanthus dia miparitaka any amin' ny faritra trôpikaly sy sobtrôpikaly rehetra.

 Karazana 
Niteraka fampifangaroan-javatra tsy fitovian-kevitra be dia be ny famaritana an' io vondron-karazana io. Ny fanadihadiana filôjenetika môlekikolary dia naneho fa ny Phyllanthus dia parafiletika raha mitaha amin' ny Reverchonia, ny Glochidion, ny Sauropus, ary ny Breynia. Ny fanavaozana ny fianakaviana Phyllanthaceae tamin' ny taona 2006 dia nampiditra ireo vondron-karazana efatra ireo ho ao amin' ny Phyllanthus. Ity famaritana ny Phyllanthus mivelatra be ity dia mety ho zaraina amin' ny vondron-karazana kely kokoa, anisan' izany ny karazana any Sina miisa 32 (sy any Indôsina avaratra). Misy ankelitriny ny fanavaozana tanteraka an' ilay vondron-karazana, anisan' izany ny fanasokajiana vaovao, an-dalam-panatanterahana amin' izao fotoana izao, taorian' ny fandinihana môlekiolary lalina natai vao haingana momba ny vondrona lehibe tafiditra ao.

 Karazana notsongaina 

 Phyllanthus abnormis Baill. 
 Phyllanthus acidus (L.) Skeels 
 Phyllanthus acuminatus Vahl 
 Phyllanthus amarus Schumacher
 Phyllanthus anamalayanus (Gamble) G.L.Webster
 Phyllanthus angustifolius (Sw.) Sw.
 Phyllanthus arbuscula (Sw.) J.F.Gmel.
 Phyllanthus axillaris (Sw.) Müll.Arg.
 Phyllanthus brasiliensis (Aubl.) Poir.
 Phyllanthus caesiifolius Petra Hoffm. & Cheek
 Phyllanthus caroliniensis Walt. 
 Phyllanthus cauliflorus (Sw.) Griseb.
 Phyllanthus cladanthus Müll.Arg.
 Phyllanthus cochinchinensis (Lour.) Spreng.
 Phyllanthus coluteoides Baill. ex Müll.Arg.
 Phyllanthus cuneifolius (Britt.) Croizat
 Phyllanthus debilis Klein ex Willd.
 Phyllanthus distichus Hook. & Arn.
 Phyllanthus emblica L. 
 Phyllanthus engleri Pax
 Phyllanthus epiphyllanthus L.
 Phyllanthus ericoides Torr.
 Phyllanthus eximius G.L.Webster & Proctor
 Phyllanthus fadyenii Urb.
 Phyllanthus fluitans Benth. ex Müll.Arg. 
 Phyllanthus fraternus G.L.Webster
 Phyllanthus gentryi Webster
 Phyllanthus grandifolius L.
 Phyllanthus gunnii Hook.f.
 Phyllanthus hakgalensis
 Phyllanthus hirtellus F.Muell. ex Mull.Arg.
 Phyllanthus juglandifolius Willd.
 Phyllanthus lacunarius F.Muell.
 Phyllanthus latifolius (L.) Sw.
 Phyllanthus liebmannianus Muell.Arg.
 Phyllanthus maderaspatensis L.
 Phyllanthus microcladus Muell.Arg.
 Phyllanthus millei Standl.
 Phyllanthus mirabilis Müll.Arg. 
 Phyllanthus montanus (Sw.) Sw.
 Phyllanthus myrtifolius (Wight.) Muell.Arg.
 Phyllanthus muellerianus (Kuntze) Exell
 Phyllanthus niruri L. (anisany ny Phyllanthus amarus sy ny Phyllanthus debilis)
 Phyllanthus nyale Petra Hoffm. & Cheek
 Phyllanthus parvifolius Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don
 Phyllanthus pavonianus Baill.
 Phyllanthus pentaphyllus C.Wright ex Griseb.
 Phyllanthus phialanthoides Falcón & J.L.Gómez
 Phyllanthus polygonoides Nutt. ex Spreng. 
 Phyllanthus polyspermus Shumach. & Thonn. 
 Phyllanthus profusus N.E.Br.
 Phyllanthus pulcher Wallich ex Muell.Arg.
 Phyllanthus reticulatus Poir. 
 Phyllanthus revaughanii Coode
 Phyllanthus rufuschaneyi Welzen, R.W.Bouman & Ent
 Phyllanthus saffordii Merr.
 Phyllanthus salviifolius Kunth
 Phyllanthus sepialis Müll.Arg.
 Phyllanthus societatis Müll.Arg.
 Phyllanthus sponiifolius Müll.Arg.
 Phyllanthus stipulatus (Raf.) G.L. Webster
 Phyllanthus taxodiifolius Beille
 Phyllanthus tenellus Roxb.
 Phyllanthus urinaria L. – chamberbitter
 Phyllanthus virgatus G.Forst.
 Phyllanthus warnockii G.L.Webster
 Phyllanthus watsonii Airy Shaw
 Phyllanthus welwitschianus Müll.Arg.

 Karazana misy eto Madagasikara 
Manana karazana Phyllanthus maherin' ny 170 i Madagasikara, ka ny ankamaroany (90 %) dia tsy hita na aiza na aiza eto ambonin' ny tany. Indreto ny karazana sasdany eto  Madagasikara:
 Phyllanthus betsileanus -- hazotana
 Phyllanthus bojerianus -- ambalazo, ambolaza, hazontaha, karepa, marefolena, marofolena, piky, raipika, repika
 Phyllanthus casticum (na Phyllanthus decipiens na Phyllanthus mocquerysianus) -- antentona, antsolibe, faintina, fanavitiana, hazontana, hazontanty, hazotana, hazotanty, mantsikara, masikariva, tainto, taintona, tentina. 
 Phyllanthus casticum subsp. angavensis Leandri (na (na Phyllanthus angavensis) -- sañira
 Phyllanthus fuscoluridus -- antentona, mantsikara, taintona, tentina, tsikarivana
 Phyllanthus isalensis -- hazotana
 Phyllanthus madagascariensis -- hazotana, taintona
 Phyllanthus maderaspatensis -- karepa, mikintsa
 Phyllanthus mantsakariva -- mantsakariva
 Phyllanthus melleri -- antentona
 Phyllanthus multiflorus -- leza
 Phyllanthus niruri -- anakatsotsy
 Phyllanthus nummulariifolius -- fangy, rimorimo, tamborotanosy
 Phyllanthus philippioides -- ramangina
 Phyllanthus seyrigii -- hazotana, maintsikariva, mantsakariva, masikariva, sañira, sanirabe, saniratandroy, taitomaintsikariva
 Phyllanthus urinaria -- lanoro, lanory (efa nafindra any amin' ny Emblica (?))
 Phyllanthus vakinankaratrae -- anakatsotry
 Phyllanthus vergens -- karepa

Izao ny narana miverimberina anondroana ireo zavamaniry ireo amin' ny teny malagasy:

 antentona, tainto, taintona, tentina, tento, tentona sns.

 antsoly, sns.
 hazontaha, hazontana, hazotana
 karepa, karepy, karepoka
 maintsikariva, mantsakariva, mantsikara, masikariva,
 piky, raipika, repika
 sañira, sanira, sanirana, sns
Indreto ny karazana efa nafindra vondrona:

 Margaritaria anomala (Baill.) Fosberg (Phyllanthus erythroxyloides) -- fangora, karepa, karepadahy, karepedahy, karepidahiantitra, karepoka, koropoka,  malaintay, sofindambo, taolakena

 Margaritaria decaryana (Leandri) G.L.Webster (Phyllanthus decaryanus) -- fatsikakalahy, hazomena, tsifolaboay
 Margaritaria rhomboidalis (Baill.) G.L.Webster (na Phyllanthus rhomboidalis) -- berafitse, karepoka

 Jerer koa 

 Lisitry ny karazana ao amin' ny Phyllanthus
 Margaritaria