X-SAMPA

Ny Extended Speech Assessment Methods Phonetic Alphabet (X-SAMPA) na Abidy ara-drafipeon'ny fomba fanadihadiam-pitenenana nitarina dia fanovana ny SAMPA noforonin'i, i John C. Wells izay mpampianatra momba ny haifanononana ao amin'ny Anjerimanontolon'i London. Izy io dia natao hampiray ireo abidy SAMPA tsirairay ary mba handrakotra ny Abidy ara-drafipeo iraisam-pirenena (AAI). Ny vokatr'izay dia ny versionan'ny AAI azo soratana amin'ny alalan'ny ASCII 7 bit.

Ny SAMPA dia natao ho fanodinana ny olana izay tsy ahafahana manoratra ireo literan'ny AAI amin'ny fanakaodian-tsoratra. Tetỳ aoriana rehefa zaka na aiza na aiza ny Unicode dia tsy dia nilaina intsony ny rafitra hanehoana ny AAI amin'ny alalan'ny ASCII. Na dia izany aza dia mbola ilaina amin'ny fampidirana AAI tena izy ny X-SAMPA.

 Famintinana 

 Fanamarihana 
 Ny eva AAI dia sora-madinika ary manana ny sanda mitovy amin'ny X-SAMPA izy ireo.
 Ny X-SAMPA dia mampiasa backslash ho tovana manova ahafahana mamorona eva vaovao. Ohatra, 0 dia feo hafa amin'ny \0, ary tsy misy ifandraisana ny feon'ireo eva roa voatonona teo aloha ireo. Mety ho olana ny fampiasana io backslash io satria betskaa ireo rindrankajy mahita izy io ho soratra fanesorana ho an'izay soratra manaraka azy io. Ohatra. Tsy afaka ampiasaina amin'ny EMU ny backslash ka noho izany ianao dia mila manova azy io ho eva hafa (ohatra, ny kintana "*")
 Manaraka ireo eva ovainy ireo diakritika. Afatsy ~ ho an'ny fanononana an'orona na = ho an'ny famakiana mivanin-teny, ary ` ho an'ny fanononana amin'ny lela miforotra mankany aoriana; ireo diakritika dia ampiaraha amin'ny soratra amin'ny alalan'ny tsipika ambany _.
 Ny tsipika ambany dia natao hanakaodiana ny bara fampanarahana AAI
 Ny isa _1 ny _6 dia voatokana ho fanafohezan-tsoratra ho an'ireo fiteny mampiasa haavom-peo

 Eva amin'ny zana-tsoratra 
 X-SAMPA  IPA  IPA image Examples a    Sary:Xsampa-a.png  French dame [dam], Spanish padre ["paD4e] b    Sary:Xsampa-b.png  English bed [bEd], French bon [bO~] b_<    Sary:Xsampa-b_lessthan.png  Sindhi  [b_<arU] c    Sary:Xsampa-c.png  Hungarian latyak ["lQcQk] d    Sary:Xsampa-d.png  English dig [dIg], French doigt [dwa] d`    Sary:Xsampa-d'.png  Swedish hord [hu:d`] d_<    Sary:Xsampa-d_lessthan.png  Sindhi  [d_<arU] e    Sary:Xsampa-e.png  French ses [se], American English mate [met] f    Sary:Xsampa-f2.png  English five [faIv], French femme [fam] g    Sary:Xsampa-g.png  English game [geIm], French longue [lO~g] g_<    Sary:Xsampa-g_lessthan.png  Sindhi  [g_<@ro] h    Sary:Xsampa-h.png  English house [haUs] h\    Sary:Xsampa-hslash.png  Czech hrad [h\rat] i    Sary:Xsampa-i.png  English be [bi:], French oui [wi], Spanish si [si] j    Sary:Xsampa-j2.png  English yes [jEs], French yeux [j2] j\    Sary:Xsampa-jslash2.png  Greek γειά [j\a] k    Sary:Xsampa-k.png  English scat [sk{t], Spanish carro ["kar:o] l    Sary:Xsampa-l.png  English lay [leI], French mal [mal] l`    Sary:Xsampa-l'.png  Svealand Swedish sorl [so:l`] l\    Sary:Xsampa-lslash.png Japanese rakuten [l\akM_0teN\] m    Sary:Xsampa-m.png  English mouse [maUs], French homme [Om] n    Sary:Xsampa-n.png  English nap [n{p], French non [nO~] n`    Sary:Xsampa-n'.png  Swedish hörn [h2:n`] o    Sary:Xsampa-o.png  French gros [gRo] p    Sary:Xsampa-p.png  English speak [spik], French pose [poz], Spanish perro ["per:o] p\    28x28px  Japanese fuku [p\M_0kM] q    Sary:Xsampa-q.png  Arabic qasbah ["qQs_Gba] r    Sary:Xsampa-r.png  Spanish perro ["per:o] r`    Sary:Xsampa-r'.png  r\    Sary:Xsampa-rslash2.png  English red [r\Ed] r\`    Sary:Xsampa-rslash'.png  Malayalam വഴി ["v@r\`i] s    Sary:Xsampa-s.png  English seem [si:m], French session [se"sjO~] s`    Sary:Xsampa-s'.png  Swedish mars [mas`] s\    Sary:Xsampa-sslash.png  Polish świerszcz [s\v'erStS] t    Sary:Xsampa-t.png  English stew [stju:], French raté [Ra"te], Spanish tuyo ["tujo] t`    Sary:Xsampa-t'.png  Swedish mört [m2t`] u    Sary:Xsampa-u.png  English boom [bu:m], Spanish su [su] v    Sary:Xsampa-v.png  English vest [vEst], French voix [vwa] v\ (or P)    Sary:Xsampa-Porvslash.png  Dutch west [v\Est]/[PEst]  w    Sary:Xsampa-w2.png  English west [wEst], French oui [wi] x    Sary:Xsampa-x.png  Scots loch [lOx] or [5Ox]; German Buch, Dach; Spanish caja, gestión x\    Sary:Xsampa-xslash2.png  Swedish sjal [x\A:l] y    Sary:Xsampa-y.png  French tu [ty] German über ["y:b6] z    Sary:Xsampa-z.png  English zoo [zu:], French azote [a"zOt] z`    Sary:Xsampa-z'.png  Mandarin Chinese rang [z`aN] z\    Sary:Xsampa-zslash.png  Polish źrebak ["z\rEbak]

 Eva amin'ny renisoratra 
 X-SAMPA  AAI Sary AAI Ohatra A    Sary:Xsampa-A2.png  English father ["fA:D@(r\)] (RP and Gen.Am.) B    Sary:Xsampa-B2.png  Spanish lavar [la"Ba4] B\    Sary:Xsampa-Bslash.png  Reminiscent of shivering ("brrr") C    Sary:Xsampa-C2.png   German ich [IC], English human ["Cjum@n] (broad transcription uses [hj-]) D    Sary:Xsampa-D2.png   English then [DEn] E    Sary:Xsampa-E2.png  French même [mEm], English met [mEt] (RP and Gen.Am.) F    Sary:Xsampa-F.png  English emphasis ["EFf@sIs] (spoken quickly, otherwise uses [Emf-]) G    Sary:Xsampa-G2.png  Greek γωνία [Go"nia], Danish vælge ["vElG@] G\    Sary:Xsampa-Gslash.png  Inuktitut nirivvik [niG\ivvik] G\_<    Sary:Xsampa-Gslash_lessthan.png  Mam  [G\_<a] H    Sary:Xsampa-H.png  French huit [Hit] H\    Sary:Xsampa-Hslash.png   I    Sary:Xsampa-I2.png  English kit [kIt] I\   or   Polish ryba [rI\bA]   J    Sary:Xsampa-J.png  Spanish año ["aJo], English canyon ["k{J@n] (broad transcription uses [-nj-]) J\    Sary:IPA 108.svg  Hungarian egy [EJ\] J\_<    Sary:Xsampa-Jslash_lessthan.png  Sindhi  [J\_<aro] K    Sary:Xsampa-K2.png  Welsh llaw [KaU] K\    Sary:Xsampa-Kslash.png  L    Sary:Xsampa-L2.png  Italian famiglia [fa"miLLa], Castilian llamar [La"mar], English million ["mIL@n] (broad transcription uses [-lj-]) L\    Sary:Xsampa-Lslash.png  M    Sary:Xsampa-M.png  Korean 으 (eu) M\    Sary:Xsampa-Mslash.png   Spanish fuego ["fweM\o] N    Sary:Xsampa-N2.png  English thing [TIN] N\    Sary:Xsampa-Nslash.png  Japanese san [saN\] O    Sary:Xsampa-O2.png  RP  thought [TO:t], American English off [O:f] O\    Sary:Xsampa-Oslash.png  P (or v\)    Sary:Xsampa-Porvslash.png  Dutch west [PEst]/[v\Est], allophone of English phoneme /r\/ Q    Sary:Xsampa-Q.png  RP lot [lQt] R    Sary:IPA 143.svg  German rein [RaIn] R\    Sary:Xsampa-Rslash.png  French roi [R\wa] S    Sary:Xsampa-S2.png  English ship [SIp] T    Sary:Xsampa-T2.png  English thin [TIn] U    Sary:Xsampa-U2.png  English foot [fUt] U\   or   Sary:Xsampa-Uslash.png   English  euphoria  [jU\"fO@r\i@] V    Sary:Xsampa-V.png  RP English strut [str\Vt] W    Sary:Xsampa-X.png  Scots when [WEn] X    Sary:Xsampa-x2.png  Klallam  [sXa?q_wa?] X\    Sary:Xsampa-Xslash.png  Arabic <ح>ha’ [X\A:] Y    Sary:Xsampa-Y2.png  German hübsch [hYpS] Z    Sary:Xsampa-Z2.png  English vision ["vIZ@n]

 Eva hafa 
 X-SAMPA  IPA  IPA image  .    Sary:Xsampa-fullstop.png  "    Sary:Xsampa-doublequotes.png  %    Sary:Xsampa-percentage.png  ' (or _j)    Sary:Xsampa-'or_j.png  :    Sary:Xsampa-colon.png  :\    Sary:Xsampa-colonslash.png  -  separator  Polish trzy [t-S1] vs. czy [tS1] (affricate) @    Sary:Xsampa-at.png  @\    Sary:Xsampa-atslash.png  {    Sary:Xsampa-leftcurly.png  }    Sary:Xsampa-rightcurly.png  1    Sary:Xsampa-1.png  2    Sary:Xsampa-2.png  3    Sary:Xsampa-3.png  3\    Sary:Xsampa-3slash.png  4    Sary:Xsampa-4.png  5    Sary:Xsampa-l_eor5.png  6    Sary:Xsampa-6.png  7    Sary:Xsampa-7.png  8    Sary:Xsampa-8.png  9    Sary:Xsampa-9.png  &    Sary:Xsampa-amper.png  ?    Sary:Xsampa-questionmark.png  ?\    Sary:Xsampa-qmarkslash.png  * Soratra tsy voafaritra. Soratra mpanasaraka /  indeterminacy in French vowels  <  begin nonsegmental notation (e.g., SAMPROSA)  <\    Sary:Xsampa-lessthanslash.png  >  end nonsegmental notation  >\    Sary:Xsampa-greaterthanslash.png  ^    Sary:Xsampa-hat.png  !    Sary:Xsampa-exclamation.png  !\    Sary:Xsampa-exclamationslash.png  |    Sary:Xsampa-bar.png  |\    Sary:Xsampa-barslash.png  ||    Sary:Xsampa-doublebar.png  |\|\    Sary:Xsampa-doublebarslash.png  =\    Sary:Xsampa-equalsslash.png  -\    Sary:Xsampa-dashslash.png 

 Diakritika 
 X-SAMPA  IPA Sary AAI _"    Sary:Xsampa-_doublequotes.png  _+    Sary:Xsampa-_plus.png  _-    Sary:Xsampa-_minus.png  _/    Sary:Xsampa-_slash.png  _0    Sary:Xsampa-_0.png  _<  mitefoka anaty (Mampiasa eva manokana ny AAI) = (or _=)    Sary:Xsampa-equalsor_equals.png  _>    Sary:Xsampa-_greaterthan.png  _?\    Sary:Xsampa-_questionslash.png  _\    Feo midina  _^    Sary:Xsampa-_hat.png  _}    Sary:Xsampa-_rightcurly.png  `    Sary:Xsampa-'rhino.png  ~ (or _~)    Sary:Xsampa-tildor_tild.png  _A    Sary:Xsampa-_A.png  _a    Sary:Xsampa-_a2.png  _B    Sary:Xsampa-_B.png  _B_L    Sary:Xsampa-_B_L.png  _c    Sary:Xsampa-_c.png  _d    Sary:Xsampa-_d.png  _e    Sary:Xsampa-_e.png  <F> ↘  Sary:Xsampa-ltFgt.png  _F    Sary:Xsampa-_F.png  _G    Sary:Xsampa-_G.png  _H    Sary:Xsampa-_H.png  _H_T    Sary:Xsampa-_H_T.png  _h    Sary:Xsampa-_h.png  _j (or ')    Sary:Xsampa-'or_j.png  _k    Sary:Xsampa-_k.png  _L    Sary:Xsampa-_L.png  _l    Sary:Xsampa-_l.png  _M    Sary:Xsampa-_M.png  _m    Sary:Xsampa-_m.png  _N    Sary:Xsampa-_N.png  _n    Sary:Xsampa-_n2.png  _O    Sary:Xsampa_O.png  _o    Sary:Xsampa-_o.png  _q    Sary:Xsampa-_q.png  <R>  ↗ Sary:Xsampa-ltRgt.png  _R    Sary:Xsampa-_R.png  _R_F    Sary:Xsampa-_R_F.png  _r    Sary:Xsampa-_r.png  _T    Sary:Xsampa-_T.png  _t    Sary:Xsampa-_t.png  _v    Sary:Xsampa-_v.png  _w    Sary:Xsampa-_w.png  _X    Sary:Xsampa-_X.png  _x    Sary:Xsampa-_x.png 

 Tabilao 

 Fônôlôjia 
 Consonants (pulmonic) Place of articulation → Labial Coronal Dorsal Laryngeal Manner of articulation ↓ Bilabial Labio‐
dental Dental Alveolar Post‐
alveolar Retro‐
flex Palatal Velar Uvular Pharyn‐
geal Epi‐
glottal Glottal Nasal    m    F   n     n`   J    N    N\ Plosive p b p_d b_dt d t` d` c J\ k g q G\ >\ ? Fricative p\ B f v T D s z S Z s` z` C j\ x G X  R X\  ?\ H\  <\ h h\ Approximant    B_o    v\    r\     r\`    j    M\ Trill    B\    r     *    R\    * Tap or Flap   *†    *†   4    r`    * Lateral Fricative K K\  *    *    *    Lateral Approximant    l     l`    L    L\ Lateral Flap    l\     *    *    *
 Ny Lakroa (†)  dia maneho ireo eva AAI izay vao nampiana tamin'ny Unicode. Nanomboka tamin'ny volana Aprily 2008 dia nitranga ho an'ny fanononana AAI ny kopaky ny nify sy molotra: 20x20px Ny eva manokana ho an'ny kopaky ny nify sy ny molotra dia mbola tsy misy amin'ny X-SAMPA.
Miara-tononina WFanakaikezan'ny lanilany tsy misy feo ovain'ny molotra wFanakaikezan'ny lanilany misy feo ovain'ny molotra HTsoka terena aorian'ny lanilany tsy misy feo s\Tsoka terena aorian'ny lanilany tsy misy feo z\Tsoka terena aorian'ny lanilany tsy misy feo x\Tsoka terena amin'ny lanilany
 Affricates ary avo roa heny articulation ts dz tS dZ ts\ dz\ tK kp gb Nm
 Fônôlôjia (tsy pulmonic) Potsitra Implosives Ejectives O\ Bilabial b_< Bilabial _>  Ohatra: |\ Laminal alveolar ("nify") d_< Alveolar p_> Bilabial ǃ\ Apical (post-) alveolar ("retroflex") J\_< Palatal t_> Alveolar =\ Laminal postalveolar ("palatal") g_< Velar k_> Velar |\|\ Lateral coronal ("lateral") G\_< Uvular s_> Alveolar fricative

 Zanatsoratra 
 Front Near-front Central Near-back Back Close 300x300pxi • y
1 • }
M • u

I • Y
I\ • U\
• U

e • 2
@\ • 8
7 • o

@

E • 9
3 • 3\
V • O

{ •
6

a • &

A • Q Near‑close Close‑mid Mid Open‑mid Near‑open Open

 Jereo koa 
 Iraisam-pirenena Phonetic Abidy (TENY)
 Kirshenbaum sy WorldBet, rafitra mitovy
 Lisitry ny lohahevitra momba ny rafi-peo
 SAMPA, teny-manokana nodimbiasan'i X-SAMPA.

 Tsiahy