ꦗꦑꦂꦠ

ꦗꦑꦂꦠ꧈ꦲꦭꦺꦫꦺꦴꦱ꧀ꦩꦶꦄꦏꦱꦩ꧀ꦨꦠ꧀ꦢ'ꦲꦺꦫꦃꦑ꦳꧀ꦈꦱꦸꦱꦶꦧꦸꦏꦺꦴꦠꦗꦑꦂꦠꦎꦠꦧꦢꦏꦲꦶ ꦗꦑꦂꦠ꧈ꦱꦺꦝꦶꦩꦶꦤ꧀ꦲꦺꦏꦭꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦠꦩꦺꦤꦁꦏꦨꦠꦮ꦳ꦶꦪꦏꦤ꧀ꦠꦺꦴꦱ꧀꧇꧑꧙꧔꧙꧇꧈ꦪ'ꦤꦶꦱꦺꦩꦁꦏꦺꦤ꧀ꦄꦨꦝꦶꦲꦺꦨꦸꦏꦺꦴꦡ꧀ꦡꦆꦤ꧀ꦝꦺꦴꦤꦺꦱꦶꦪꦨꦶꦤꦫꦺꦤ꧀ꦢꦲꦺꦫꦃꦎꦠꦺꦴꦤꦺꦴꦩ꧀ꦱꦢꦿꦗꦠ꧀ꦱꦉꦁꦥꦿꦺꦴꦥꦺꦤ꧀ꦱꦶ꧉ꦗꦑꦂꦠꦔꦓ꧀ꦲꦸꦔꦶꦭꦺꦩ'ꦏꦺꦴꦡ꧀ꦡꦄꦢ꧀ꦩꦶꦤꦶꦱ꧀ꦠꦿꦱꦶꦠꦺꦴꦂꦱꦶꦠ꧀ꦠꦺꦴꦁꦏꦧꦸꦥꦠꦼꦤ꧀ꦄꦢ꧀ꦩꦶꦤꦶꦱ꧀ꦠꦿꦱꦶ꧉ꦨꦶꦤꦫꦺꦤ꧀ꦄꦫꦺꦴꦗꦸ'ꦢ'ꦥꦼꦪꦂꦱꦱꦺꦭꦺꦴꦩ꧀ꦧꦿ꧈ꦗꦑꦂꦠꦄꦱꦩ꧀ꦨꦠ꧀ꦩꦶꦤꦁꦏꦏꦺꦴꦡ꧀ꦡꦩꦼꦠꦿꦺꦴꦥꦺꦴꦭꦶꦠ꧀꧉ꦗꦑꦂꦠꦄꦧꦶꦠꦫꦤꦼꦁꦥꦱꦺꦱꦺꦂꦥꦤ꧀ꦠ'ꦄꦤ꧀ꦧꦫ'-ꦠꦱꦺ'ꦟꦺꦴꦱꦙꦧ꧉ꦗꦑꦂꦠꦄꦓ꧀ꦲꦝꦸꦮꦶꦙꦗ꧀ꦙꦸꦭꦸꦏ꧀ꦛꦼꦧꦶꦒ꧀ꦢꦸꦫꦶꦪꦤ꧀(ꦱꦁꦏꦢꦶꦒ꧀ꦓ꧀ꦲꦝꦸꦫꦺꦤ꧀)ꦱꦂꦫꦺꦤ꧀ꦤꦲꦺꦱꦺꦁꦏꦺꦴ'ꦄꦒ꦳ꦶꦩꦺꦤꦁꦏꦏꦺꦴꦡ꧀ꦡꦱꦥꦤ꧀ꦝꦸꦱꦫꦺꦁꦏꦺꦴꦡ꧀ꦡꦘꦺꦮ꧀ꦪꦺꦴꦂꦏ꧀(ꦧꦶꦒ꧀ꦄꦥ꧀ꦥ꧀ꦊ)ꦤꦼꦁꦄꦩꦺꦫꦶꦏꦱꦾꦫꦶꦏꦠ꧀꧉ 

ꦗꦑꦂꦠꦔꦓ꧀ꦲꦸꦔꦶꦧꦶꦧꦫꦃꦱ꧇꧖꧖꧔꧈꧐꧑꧇ ꦏ꧀ꦩ꧀²(ꦱꦓ꧀ꦲꦫꦤꦱ:꧇꧖꧉꧙꧗꧗꧈꧇꧕ ꦏ꧀ꦩ꧀²)꧈꧇ꦱꦉꦁꦗꦸꦩ꧀ꦭꦃꦮꦂꦒꦤ꧑꧑꧇꧉꧑꧓꧕꧉꧑꧙꧑ꦚꦧ꧈ꦚꦧ꧈ꦄꦭꦺꦁꦒ꦳ꦝ'ꦥꦂꦠꦺꦁꦔꦲꦤ꧀ꦠꦎꦤ꧀꧇꧒꧐꧒꧔꧇꧉ ꦩꦶꦤꦁꦏꦥꦩꦎꦫꦤ꧀ꦧꦶꦱ꧀ꦤꦶꦱ꧀꧈ꦥꦺꦴꦭꦶꦠꦶꦏ꧀꧈ꦱꦉꦁꦏꦧꦸꦢꦪ'ꦄꦤ꧀꧈ꦗꦑꦂꦠꦄꦱꦭꦺꦫꦏꦤ꧀ꦤꦔꦤ꧀ꦔꦥꦿꦏꦂꦱꦤꦏꦤ꧀ꦠꦺꦴꦂ-ꦏꦤ꧀ꦠꦺꦴꦂꦥꦤꦩ꧀ꦨꦓ꧀ꦲꦨꦈꦩꦤ꧈ꦥꦿꦸꦱꦲ'ꦄꦤ꧀ꦱ꧀ꦮꦱ꧀ꦠ꧈ꦥꦿꦸꦱꦲ'ꦄꦤ꧀ꦄꦱꦺꦁ꧉ꦏꦺꦴꦡ꧀ꦡꦥꦤꦺꦏꦙꦸꦓ꧀ꦲꦤ꧀ꦄꦨꦝꦶꦏꦤ꧀ꦤꦔꦤ꧀ꦤꦥꦂꦠꦺꦠꦲꦤ꧀ꦊꦩ꧀ꦧꦒ-ꦊꦩ꧀ꦧꦒꦥꦂꦤꦠꦏꦭꦧꦤ꧀ꦏꦤ꧀ꦠꦺꦴꦂꦱꦏꦂꦠꦫꦶꦪꦠ꧀ꦄꦯꦺꦪꦤ꧀꧉ꦗꦑꦂꦠꦏꦤ꧀ꦠꦺꦴꦱ꧀ꦲꦺꦪꦭꦩ꧀ꦩꦶꦏꦭꦧꦤ꧀ꦢꦸꦮ'ꦥꦤ꧀ꦝꦫꦄꦧꦁ꧈ꦪ'ꦤꦶꦦꦤ꧀ꦝꦫꦆꦤ꧀ꦠꦼꦂꦤꦱꦶꦪꦺꦴꦤꦭ꧀ꦱꦸꦏꦂꦤꦺꦴ–ꦲꦠ꧀ꦠꦤꦼꦁꦑꦺꦴꦡ꧀ꦡꦠꦔꦼꦫꦁ꧈ꦧꦤ꧀ꦠꦼꦤ꧀ꦥꦤ꧀ꦝꦫꦲꦭꦶꦩ꧀ꦥꦼꦂꦢꦤꦏꦸꦱꦸꦩ꧈ꦩꦁꦱꦤ꧀ꦢ꧀ꦮꦶꦥꦭꦧꦸꦮꦤ꧀ꦠꦱꦺ'꧈ꦪ'ꦤꦶꦠꦚ꧀ꦗꦸꦁꦥꦿꦶꦪꦺꦴꦏ꧀ꦱꦉꦁꦱꦸꦤ꧀ꦢꦏꦭꦥ꧉

ꦄꦼꦠꦶꦩꦺꦴꦭꦺꦴꦒꦶ
jmpl|220px|ki|ꦢꦺꦤ꧀ꦤꦃꦧꦠꦮ꦳ꦶꦪ(ꦱꦩꦁꦏꦺꦚ꧀ꦗꦑꦂꦠ)ꦤꦭꦺꦏꦠꦎꦤ꧀꧇꧑꧘꧘꧘꧇꧉|al=

ꦨꦧꦎꦠꦧꦢ'ꦲꦺꦫꦥꦤꦶꦏꦄꦩ꧀ꦥꦺꦴꦤ꧀
ꦄꦎꦧ-ꦎꦧꦙꦗ꧀ꦙꦸꦭꦸꦏ꧀ꦄꦏꦝꦶꦱꦭꦤ꧀ꦙꦁꦗ꦳ꦩꦤ꧀ꦤꦼꦁꦙꦙꦂꦨ'ꦄꦤ꧀ꦱꦺꦄꦠꦶꦠꦺꦁ:
 ꦯꦸꦤ꧀ꦢꦏꦺꦭꦥ(꧇꧓꧙꧗꧇—꧇꧑꧕꧒꧗꧇)
  ꦗꦪꦑꦂꦠ (꧇꧑꧕꧒꧗—꧑꧖꧑꧙꧇)
  ꦨꦠꦮ꦳ꦶꦪ (꧇꧑꧖꧑꧙꧇—꧇꧑꧙꧔꧒꧇)
  Djakarta Tokubetu Si {{Nihongo|2=ジャカルタ特別市|4=ꦏꦸꦤꦿꦺꦆ-ꦱ꧀ꦲꦶꦏꦶ: ꦢ꧀ꦗꦑꦂꦠꦠꦺꦴꦏꦸꦧꦺꦠꦸꦱꦶ, ꦲꦺꦥ꧀ꦧꦸꦂꦤ꧀: ꦗꦏꦫꦸꦠꦠꦺꦴꦏꦸꦧꦺꦠ꧀ꦱꦸꦱ꧀ꦲꦶ}} (꧇꧑꧙꧔꧒꧇—꧇꧑꧙꧔꧕꧇)
  ꦢ꧀ꦗꦑꦂꦠ (꧇꧑꧙꧔꧕꧇—꧇꧑꧙꧗꧒꧇)
  ꦗꦑꦂꦠ (꧇꧑꧙꧗꧒꧇—ꦱꦩꦁꦏꦺꦤ꧀)

jmpl|220px|ki|ꦥꦿꦺꦴꦥꦒꦤ꧀ꦢꦟ꧀ꦗꦺꦥ꧀ꦥꦁꦩꦓ꧀ꦲꦺꦚ꧀ꦕꦫꦓ꧀ꦲꦶꦢ'"ꦆꦤ꧀ꦝꦺꦴꦤꦺꦱꦶꦪꦫꦪ"ꦱꦭꦺꦴꦩ꧀ꦧꦶꦚꦚꦶꦪꦤ꧀ꦱꦾꦺꦱꦢꦿꦙꦠ꧀ꦱ꧀ꦠꦠꦸꦱ꧀ꦱꦱꦉꦁ"ꦏꦶꦩꦶꦒꦪꦺꦴ"ꦩꦶꦤꦁꦏꦭꦒꦸꦏꦨꦁꦱ'ꦄꦤ꧀ꦆꦤ꧀ꦢꦺꦴꦤꦼꦲꦺꦥ꧀ꦧꦸꦂꦤ꧀ꦱꦶꦪꦲꦭꦺꦢꦺꦥ꦳ꦕ꧀ꦠꦺꦴꦤꦭꦺꦏꦩꦱꦥꦤ꧀ꦢꦸꦢꦸꦏꦟ꧀ꦗꦺꦥ꧀ꦥꦁ꧉

ꦄꦱ꧀ꦩ'"ꦗꦑꦂꦠ"ꦲꦺꦩꦧꦶꦭꦄꦩ꧀ꦥꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦩꦱꦏ'ꦆꦃꦠꦶꦭꦭꦟ꧀ꦗꦺꦥ꧀ꦥꦁꦠꦎꦤ꧀꧑꧙꧔꧒꧈ꦏ'ꦄꦁꦓ꧀ꦲꦸꦪ꧀ꦚꦩ꧀ꦨꦠ꧀ꦮꦶꦭꦪꦃꦭꦩ꧀ꦥꦠ꧀ꦠꦓꦺꦩꦺꦤ꧀ꦠꦺꦧꦠꦮ꦳ꦶꦪꦱꦾꦺꦲꦺꦏꦫꦱ꧀ꦩꦶꦥꦂꦤꦠꦲꦶꦤ꧀ꦢꦶꦪꦧ꧀ꦭꦤ꧀ꦝꦤꦭꦺꦏꦠꦎꦤ꧀꧑꧙꧐꧕꧉Thee Liang Gie; Sejarah Pemerintahan Kota Djakarta, Jakarta: Kotapraja Djakarta Raja, 1958, hal. 83. ꦙꦸꦭꦸꦏꦤ꧀"ꦗꦑꦂꦠ"ꦩꦸꦗꦸꦢ꧀ꦝꦫꦶꦥꦱꦺꦁꦏꦛꦤ꧀ꦢ'ꦢꦶꦏ꧀ꦱꦶꦗꦪꦏꦂꦠ(ꦄꦏ꧀ꦱꦫꦢꦼꦮꦤꦒꦫꦶ:जयकृत)꧈ꦄꦩꦺꦴꦮꦱꦭ꧀ꦢ'ꦎꦏꦫꦨꦱꦱꦤ꧀ꦱ꧀ꦏꦼꦂꦠजयꦗꦪ(ꦏꦒꦩ꧀ꦩꦶꦭꦔꦤ꧀/ꦏꦩꦼꦤ꧀ꦤꦔꦤ꧀)꧈ꦱꦉꦁकृतꦏꦿꦠ(ꦏꦩ'ꦩꦺꦴꦫꦤ꧀)꧈ꦢꦓ꧀ꦲꦗꦪꦏꦂꦠꦤꦶꦏꦄꦩ'ꦤ"ꦏꦺꦴꦡ꧀ꦡꦏꦙꦗ'ꦄꦤ꧀ꦠꦺꦴꦂꦏꦩ'ꦩꦺꦴꦫꦤ꧀"꧉ꦄꦱ꧀ꦩ'ꦤꦶꦏꦲꦺꦥꦫꦺꦔꦶꦄꦩꦂꦓ꧀ꦲꦩꦲꦗꦤꦢꦼꦩꦏ꧀ꦠꦺꦴꦂꦕꦶꦉꦧꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦤꦼꦁꦄꦤ꧀ꦝꦧ꧀ꦏꦩꦻꦴꦭ'ꦄꦤ꧀ꦥ꦳ꦠꦲꦶꦭ꧀ꦭꦃ(ꦥ꦳ꦊꦠꦼꦲꦤ꧀)ꦧ'ꦢꦥꦚꦂꦧꦸꦮꦤ꧀ꦏꦭꦧꦤ꧀ꦄꦧꦶꦱ꧀ꦠꦺꦭ꧀ꦙꦗ'ꦄꦤ꧀ꦤꦼꦁꦥꦭꦧꦸꦮꦤ꧀ꦱꦸꦤ꧀ꦢꦏꦼꦭꦥꦤꦭꦺꦏꦠꦁꦓ꧀ꦲꦭ꧀꧒꧒ꦗꦸꦤꦶ꧑꧕꧒꧗ꦢꦫꦶꦏꦥꦂꦤꦠꦥꦺꦴꦂꦠꦸꦒꦶꦱ꧀꧉

ꦄꦱ꧀ꦩ'ꦥꦤꦺꦏꦄꦠꦂꦗꦶꦩ꧀"ꦏꦺꦴꦡ꧀ꦡꦏꦩꦤ꧀ꦤꦔꦤ꧀"ꦎꦠꦧ"ꦏꦺꦴꦠ꧀ꦠꦏꦙꦗ'ꦄꦤ꧀"꧉ꦤꦩꦺꦴꦁ꧈ꦲꦏꦺꦏꦠ꧀ꦠꦄꦩ'ꦤ"ꦏꦩꦼꦤ꧀ꦤꦔꦤ꧀ꦱꦺꦲꦺꦏꦩꦺꦭꦺꦴꦄꦩꦂꦓ꧀ꦲꦱꦠꦫꦺꦴꦁꦓ꧀ꦲꦸꦮꦤ꧀ꦤꦎꦠꦧꦈꦱꦲꦱꦺꦱꦔꦼꦠ꧀"ꦗꦑꦂꦠꦔꦓ꧀ꦲꦸꦔꦺꦩꦂꦢꦸꦮꦤ꧀ꦱꦤ꧀ꦱ꧀ꦏꦼꦂꦠꦪ'ꦤꦶꦗꦪ(जय)ꦄꦩ'ꦤ"ꦏꦩꦼꦤ꧀ꦤꦔꦤ꧀" ꦠꦺꦴꦂꦏꦂꦠ(कृत)ꦄꦩ'ꦤ"ꦠꦼꦏ꧀ꦏ"꧉

ꦩꦚ꧀ꦕꦗꦶꦤ꧀ꦱꦶꦎꦠꦺꦴꦒꦿꦥ꦳ꦶꦄꦱ꧀ꦩ'ꦏꦺꦴꦡ꧀ꦡꦤꦺꦏꦄꦩ꧀ꦥꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦩꦺꦴꦭꦤ꧀ꦝꦶꦩꦶꦤ꧀ꦲꦺꦪꦓ꧀ꦲꦩ꧀꧉ꦄꦃꦭꦶꦱ꧀ꦲꦺꦴꦙꦫꦥꦺꦴꦂꦠꦸꦒꦶꦱ꧀꧈ꦗꦺꦴãꦎꦢꦼꦧꦂꦫꦺꦴꦱ꧀꧈ꦤꦼꦁꦢꦺꦕꦢꦱ꧀ꦢÁꦱꦶꦪ(꧑꧕꧕꧓)ꦄꦩ꧀ꦥꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦚꦩ꧀ꦨꦠ꧀ꦏ'ꦈꦗꦸꦢꦤ꧀ꦆꦱ꧀ꦠꦶꦭꦃ"ꦏ꧀ꦱꦕꦠꦫ(ꦗꦑꦂꦠ)"ꦱꦩꦿꦩ꧀ꦧꦃꦨꦧꦨꦶꦝꦤ꧀"ꦕꦫꦮ꦳ꦩ꧀(ꦏꦫꦮꦁ)"꧉

ꦱꦭꦺꦴꦩ꧀ꦧꦶꦢꦺꦴꦏꦸꦩꦤ꧀(ꦥꦶꦪꦒꦩ꧀)ꦄꦩꦺꦴꦮꦱꦭ꧀ꦧꦤ꧀ꦠꦼꦤ꧀(ꦏ꧀꧉꧑꧖꧐꧐)ꦲꦺꦩꦎꦱ꧀ꦄꦃꦭꦶꦄꦼꦥꦶꦒꦿꦥ꦳ꦶꦮ꦳ꦤ꧀ꦢꦼꦂꦠꦹꦏ꧀ꦲꦺꦩꦶꦪꦺꦂꦱꦲꦺꦔꦤ꧀ꦝꦶꦏꦎꦏꦫꦮꦺꦴꦁꦗꦏꦼꦠꦿ꧈T.B.G. jilid 19 tahun 1870, hal. 393, dâlâm Slamet Muljana, Sriwijaya, hal. 72. LKiS, 2006. ISBN 979-8451-62-7. èaksès 22 September 2011.ꦱꦚꦎꦱ꧀ꦱꦗꦏꦼꦠꦿꦊꦂꦉꦱ꧀ꦲꦺꦱꦩ꧀ꦨꦠ꧀ꦤꦼꦁꦫꦠ꧀-ꦱꦼꦂꦫꦠ꧀ꦱꦸꦭ꧀ꦠꦤ꧀ꦧꦤ꧀ꦠꦼꦤ꧀Titik Pudjiastuti, (2007), Perang, dagang, persahabatan: surat-surat Sultan Banten, Yayasan Obor Indonesia, ISBN 979-461-650-8.ꦏꦭꦧꦤ꧀ꦱꦺꦴꦙꦫꦧꦤ꧀ꦠꦼꦤ꧀(ꦥꦸꦥꦸꦃ꧔꧕ꦱꦉꦁ꧔꧗)ꦱꦏꦝꦶꦤꦥꦲꦺꦱꦭꦱ꧀ꦱꦓ꧀ꦲꦶꦲꦺꦴꦄꦼꦱ꧀ꦱꦼꦆꦤ꧀ꦢ꧀ꦗꦗꦢꦶꦤꦶꦁꦫꦠ꧀꧉ꦱꦲꦺꦠ꧀ꦠꦕꦺꦴꦂꦤꦼꦭꦶꦱ꧀ꦢꦼꦲꦺꦴꦈꦠ꧀ꦩꦤ꧀ꦠꦎꦤ꧀꧑꧕꧙꧖ꦚꦩ꧀ꦨꦠ꧀"ꦫꦢꦺꦤ꧀"ꦮꦶꦗꦪꦏꦿꦩꦩꦺꦤꦁꦏꦏꦺꦴꦤꦶꦁꦮ꦳ꦚ꧀ꦗꦕꦠꦿ(ꦝꦱ꧀ꦠꦺꦴꦃꦗꦑꦂꦠ)꧉

ꦱꦺꦴꦙꦫꦃ
ꦩꦱꦥꦿ-ꦏꦺꦴꦭꦺꦴꦤꦶꦪꦭ꧀
ꦢ'ꦲꦺꦫꦱꦺꦱꦤꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦠꦺꦴꦲꦺꦏꦱꦩ꧀ꦨꦠ꧀ꦗꦑꦂꦠꦤꦺꦏꦥꦤ꧀ꦠꦝꦫꦶꦏꦝꦠꦺꦴꦮꦤ꧀ꦠꦫꦸꦩꦤꦓ꧀ꦲꦫ()꧈ꦱꦏꦝꦱ꧀ꦠꦺꦴꦮꦤ꧀ꦱꦸꦤ꧀ꦢ꧈ꦱꦺꦄꦫꦺꦴꦧꦤꦼꦁꦄꦤ꧀ꦠꦫꦏꦝꦠꦺꦴꦮꦤ꧀ꦲꦶꦤ꧀ꦢꦸꦱꦺꦥꦭꦺꦁꦝꦶꦩꦶꦤ꧀ꦤꦼꦁꦨꦸꦩꦺꦆꦤ꧀ꦝꦺꦴꦤꦺꦱꦶꦪ꧉ ꦱꦭꦱ꧀ꦠꦫꦺꦤꦏꦨ꧀ꦭꦸꦱꦫꦤ꧀ꦠꦫꦸꦩꦤꦓ꧀ꦲꦫ꧈ꦪ-ꦮꦶꦭꦪꦤ꧈ꦄꦓ꧀ꦲꦤ꧀ꦢꦸ'ꦢ'ꦲꦺꦫꦗꦑꦂꦠ꧈ꦄꦨꦝꦶꦥꦤ꧀ꦠꦤꦏꦝꦱ꧀ꦠꦺꦴꦮꦤ꧀ꦱꦸꦤ꧀ꦢ꧉ꦤꦭꦺꦏꦄꦧꦢ꧀ꦏꦥꦺꦠ꧀ꦠꦺꦴ'ꦏꦤ꧀ꦠꦺꦴꦱ꧀ꦄꦮ꧀ꦮꦭ꧀ꦄꦧꦢ꧀ꦏꦠꦼꦭ꧀ꦭꦺꦴꦧꦼꦭ꧀ꦭꦱ꧀꧈ꦢ'ꦲꦺꦫꦥꦤꦺꦏꦲꦺꦠꦠꦺꦁꦩꦺꦤꦁꦏꦥ꧀ꦭꦧ꧀ꦨꦸꦮꦤ꧀ꦮ꦳ꦶꦠꦭ꧀ꦏ꧀ꦭꦧꦤ꧀ꦲꦺꦥꦺꦴꦱ꧀ꦱ'ꦄꦓ꧀ꦲꦶꦥꦿꦎꦎꦠꦧꦢꦺꦏ꧀ꦏꦝꦱ꧀ꦠꦺꦴꦮꦤ꧀ꦱꦿꦶꦮꦶꦗꦪ꧉ꦄꦎꦓ꧀ꦲꦂꦝ'ꦕꦠꦼꦠꦤ꧀ꦧꦼꦂꦠꦖꦺꦤ꧈ꦖꦸ-ꦥ꦳ꦤ꧀-ꦖꦶ꧈ꦱꦺꦲꦺꦕꦠꦼꦠ꧀ꦧꦶꦠꦫꦠꦎꦤ꧀꧑꧒꧐꧐꧈ꦖꦺꦴꦈꦗꦸ-ꦏꦸꦮꦚꦲꦺꦠꦓ꧀ꦲꦶꦨꦱꦤꦼꦁꦄꦧꦢ꧀ꦏꦠꦼꦭ꧀ꦭꦺꦴꦧꦼꦭ꧀ꦭꦱ꧀ꦩꦤꦧꦶꦱꦿꦶꦮꦶꦗꦪꦓ꧀ꦲꦶ'ꦄꦥꦂꦤꦠꦤꦼꦁꦗꦗ꦳ꦶꦫꦩ꧀ꦭꦗꦸꦃꦠꦺꦴꦂꦥꦤ꧀ꦠꦧꦫ'ꦙꦧ꧉ꦭꦙꦁꦎꦠꦧꦕꦠꦼꦠꦤ꧀ꦤꦺꦏꦙꦸꦓ꧀ꦲꦤ꧀ꦚꦲꦺꦠꦓ꧀ꦲꦶꦨꦱꦥ꧀ꦭꦧ꧀ꦨꦸꦮꦤ꧀ꦱꦸꦤ꧀ꦢꦩꦺꦤꦁꦏꦥ꧀ꦭꦧ꧀ꦨꦸꦮꦤ꧀ꦱꦺ"ꦱ꧀ꦠꦿꦠꦼꦒꦶꦱ꧀ꦠꦺꦴꦂꦄꦱꦏ꧀ꦏꦂꦄꦏꦱ꧀(ꦙꦸꦂꦨꦸ)"꧈ꦄꦨꦝꦶꦥꦩꦎꦂꦫꦱꦺꦴꦤꦓ꧀ꦲꦁꦭꦝꦃꦭꦤꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦏ꦳ꦱ꧀ꦱꦸꦤ꧀ꦢꦱꦺꦏ'ꦄꦭꦺꦴ'ꦩꦸꦠꦸꦤ꧉ꦩꦲꦗꦤꦢ'ꦲꦺꦫꦤꦺꦏꦱꦫꦤꦫꦺꦏꦤꦝ'ꦧꦶꦝꦁꦄꦒꦿꦶꦏꦸꦭ꧀ꦠꦸꦂꦏꦭꦧꦤ꧀ꦓ꧀ꦲꦸꦤ꧀-ꦄꦁꦓ꧀ꦲꦸꦤ꧀ꦤꦚꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦝꦸꦗꦸ-ꦏꦗꦸꦮꦤ꧀(ꦧꦿꦁꦏꦃ)꧉ꦥ꧀ꦭꦧ꧀ꦨꦸꦮꦤ꧀ꦤꦺꦏꦲꦺꦙꦸꦭꦸꦓ꧀ꦲꦶꦱꦸꦤ꧀ꦢꦏꦼꦭꦥ(ꦱꦸꦤ꧀ꦢꦚꦶꦪꦺꦴꦂ)꧈ꦏꦠꦺꦴꦤꦄꦧꦢ꧀ꦄꦼꦩ꧀ꦥ'ꦧꦼꦭ꧀ꦭꦱ꧀꧈ꦥ꧀ꦭꦧ꧀ꦨꦸꦮꦤꦺꦥꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦄꦤꦩ꧀ꦨꦓ꧀ꦲꦶꦥꦂꦝꦓ꧀ꦲꦔꦤ꧀ꦱꦱꦸꦤ꧀ꦢ꧉


ꦱꦧ꧀ꦨꦤꦏꦥꦭ꧀ꦥꦺꦴꦂꦠꦸꦒꦶꦱ꧀ꦝꦫꦶꦩꦭꦏꦝ'ꦥ꧀ꦭꦧ꧀ꦨꦸꦮꦤ꧀ꦱꦸꦤ꧀ꦢꦏꦼꦭꦥꦤꦼꦁ꧑꧕꧑꧓꧈ꦥꦺꦴꦂꦠꦸꦒꦶꦱ꧀ꦩꦺꦴꦱꦔꦶꦭꦩ꧀ꦥꦢ'ꦏꦥꦺꦴꦭꦺꦴꦮꦤ꧀ꦥꦁꦫꦤ'ꦭꦝꦃꦭꦤꦺꦴꦤ꧀꧉ꦱꦤꦭꦺꦏꦙꦸꦓ꧀ꦲꦤ꧀ꦏꦝꦠꦺꦴꦮꦤ꧀ꦱꦸꦤ꧀ꦢꦄꦓ꧀ꦲꦧꦪ꧀ꦱꦺꦴꦩꦗꦃꦏꦚ꧀ꦕꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦱꦉꦁꦨꦁꦱꦥꦺꦴꦂꦠꦸꦒꦶꦱ꧀ꦩꦺꦤꦁꦏꦄꦂꦱꦗꦤꦱꦸꦤ꧀ꦢꦏꦓ꧀ꦲꦸꦤꦩꦱꦺꦱꦲꦺꦄꦤꦫꦤ꧀ꦤꦏꦱꦺꦴꦭ꧀ꦠꦤꦤ꧀ꦢꦼꦩ'ꦥꦔꦺꦴꦧꦱꦙꦧꦠꦼꦁꦔꦄꦔꦺꦁꦧꦏ꧀ꦗꦃꦢ'ꦥꦺꦴꦂꦠꦸꦒꦶꦱ꧀ꦲꦺꦥꦫꦺꦔꦶꦏ꧀ꦭꦺꦭꦤ꧀(ꦄꦼꦝꦶ)ꦄꦥꦢ꧀ꦝꦏ꧀ꦥ꧀ꦭꦧꦸꦮꦤ꧀ꦝꦶꦧꦶ'ꦤꦁꦏ'ꦄꦼꦱ꧀ꦱ'ꦤꦭꦺꦏ꧑꧕꧒꧒꧉

ꦠꦎꦤ꧀꧑꧕꧒꧗꧈ꦥ꦳ꦠꦲꦶꦭ꧀ꦭꦃ꧈ꦄꦫꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦱꦺꦤꦥꦠꦺꦥꦺꦤꦁꦏꦤ꧀ꦢꦼꦩ'ꦚꦂꦧꦸꦠꦺꦴꦂꦚꦩꦺꦴꦗꦸꦠꦺꦱꦸꦤ꧀ꦢꦏꦼꦭꦥ꧈ꦩꦁꦱꦤ꧀ꦔꦺꦴꦢ꧀ꦝꦏꦓ꧀ꦲꦶꦢꦸꦠꦥꦺꦴꦂꦠꦸꦒꦶꦱ꧀꧉ꦱꦭꦱ꧀ꦠꦫꦺꦤ꧈ꦱꦸꦤ꧀ꦢꦏꦼꦭꦥꦄꦓ꧀ꦲꦺꦤ꧀ꦠꦺꦄꦱ꧀ꦩꦤꦄꦨꦤꦼꦁꦗꦪꦏꦂꦠ꧈ꦏꦭꦧꦤ꧀ꦲꦺꦱ꧀ꦠꦺꦴꦥꦤ꧀ꦠꦤꦢꦻꦴꦭꦠꦤ꧀ꦏꦱꦺꦴꦭ꧀ꦠꦤꦤ꧀ꦧꦤ꧀ꦠꦼꦤ꧀꧉

ꦔꦫꦺꦴꦱ꧀ꦏꦠꦫꦺꦏꦠꦤ꧀ꦢ'ꦫꦢꦺꦚ꧀ꦗꦪꦮꦶꦏꦂꦠꦥꦺꦤꦁꦏꦤ꧀ꦏꦱꦺꦴꦭ꧀ꦠꦤꦤ꧀ꦧꦤ꧀ꦠꦼꦤ꧀꧈ꦧ꧀ꦭꦤ꧀ꦝꦤꦥ'ꦤꦼꦁꦗꦪꦏꦂꦠꦠꦎꦤ꧀꧑꧕꧙꧖꧉ꦤꦭꦺꦏ꧑꧖꧐꧒꧈ꦥꦿꦸꦱꦲ'ꦄꦤ꧀ꦆꦤ꧀ꦢꦶꦪꦠꦺꦩꦺꦴꦂꦆꦁꦒꦿꦶꦱ꧀ꦄꦨꦏ꧀ꦠꦭꦺꦴꦁꦱ'ꦄꦤ꧀ꦱꦂꦢꦢꦸꦃꦱꦺꦲꦺꦏꦩꦼꦤ꧀ꦢꦶꦂꦱꦶꦂꦗꦩꦼꦱ꧀ꦭꦚ꧀ꦕꦱ꧀ꦠꦼꦂ꧈ꦄꦥꦺꦴꦕꦭ꧀ꦩꦁꦓ꧀ꦲꦂꦤꦼꦁꦄꦕꦺꦃꦠꦺꦴꦂꦄꦭꦗꦂꦏꦧꦤ꧀ꦠꦼꦤ꧀꧈ꦱꦺꦏ'ꦢꦶꦩ꧀ꦩꦱꦝꦗ꧀áꦤꦲꦺꦥꦫꦺꦔꦶꦲꦺꦝꦶꦔꦢ꧀ꦝꦏꦶꦱꦏꦤ꧀ꦠꦺꦴꦂꦄꦤ꧀ꦠꦿꦝ꧀áꦓ꧀ꦲꦁ꧉ꦮꦶꦭꦪꦃꦄꦤꦶꦏꦱꦺꦥꦒ꧀ꦓ꧀ꦲꦶ'ꦄꦨꦝꦶꦥꦩꦎꦫꦤ꧀ꦝꦓ꧀ꦲꦁꦆꦁꦒꦿꦶꦱ꧀ꦤꦼꦁꦆꦤ꧀ꦢꦺꦴꦤꦼꦱꦶꦪꦏꦤ꧀ꦠꦺꦴꦱ꧀꧑꧖꧘꧒꧉ 

ꦗꦪꦮꦶꦏꦂꦠꦲꦺꦏꦤ꧀ꦠꦔꦓ꧀ꦲꦸꦔꦶꦲꦧꦶꦲꦺꦏꦺꦴꦤꦺꦴꦩꦶꦱꦉꦁꦱꦱꦺꦴꦝꦓ꧀ꦲꦂꦆꦁꦒꦿꦶꦱ꧀ꦏꦺꦴꦩ꧀ꦥꦼꦠꦶꦠꦺꦴꦂꦧꦭꦤ꧀ꦝ꧈ꦏꦭꦧꦤ꧀ꦠꦿꦺꦏꦃꦩꦫꦺꦔꦶꦲꦺꦝꦶꦩꦢ꧀ꦝꦏ꧀ꦏꦩꦂꦏꦗ꦳꧀ꦄꦲꦺꦙꦶꦤ꧀ꦩꦤ꧀ꦝꦥꦤꦧ꧀ꦭꦤ꧀ꦝꦤꦠ꧀ꦏꦭ꧑꧖꧑꧕꧉

ꦲꦺꦫꦏꦺꦴꦭꦺꦴꦤꦶꦪꦭ꧀
ꦛꦸꦩ꧀ꦧ꧀|ꦊꦥ꦳꧀ꦠ꧀|ꦧꦠꦮ꦳ꦶꦪꦲꦺꦥꦱ꧀ꦕꦏꦂꦱꦤꦼꦁꦄꦡ꧀ꦡꦱ꧀ꦥꦏꦫꦔꦤ꧀ꦱꦺꦩꦁꦏꦺꦤ꧀ꦄꦨꦝꦶꦗꦑꦂꦠ꧉ꦏꦂꦪꦄꦤ꧀ꦢꦿꦶꦪꦼꦱ꧀ꦧꦼꦄꦼꦕ꧀​ꦏ꧀ꦩꦤ꧀ꦕ꧀꧉꧑꧖꧕꧖

ꦫꦺꦏꦭꦥꦚ꧀ꦕꦱ꧀ꦠꦺꦴꦂꦲꦧꦶꦥꦤ꧀ꦝꦭꦶꦪꦼꦤ꧀ꦫꦢꦺꦚ꧀ꦗꦪꦮꦶꦏꦂꦠꦱꦉꦁꦧ꧀ꦭꦤ꧀ꦝꦄꦕꦚ꧀ꦕꦭ꧈ꦗꦪꦮꦶꦏꦂꦠꦄꦱꦺꦤ꧀ꦝꦶꦤꦤ꧀ꦏꦧꦸꦭꦆꦁꦒꦿꦶꦱ꧀ꦔꦤ꧀ꦙꦸꦂꦱꦂꦢꦢꦸꦢꦊꦩ꧀ꦥꦚꦼꦂꦫꦔꦤ꧀ꦢ'ꦨꦶꦤ꧀ꦠꦺꦁꦧꦼꦭꦤ꧀ꦝ꧈ꦤꦔꦺꦁꦱꦼꦂꦫꦔꦤ꧀ꦏ'ꦢꦶꦱ꧀ꦱ'ꦏꦺꦔꦺꦁꦲꦺꦏ'ꦄꦂꦱꦱꦉꦁꦧ꧀ꦭꦤ꧀ꦝ꧈ꦄꦫꦤ꧀ꦏꦙꦗ'ꦄꦤ꧀ꦠ'ꦏꦺꦤꦶ'ꦏꦝꦭꦂꦢꦶꦮ꦳ꦶꦱꦶꦗꦤ꧀ꦥꦶꦪꦼꦠꦼꦂꦱ꧀ꦗ꦳ꦺꦴꦎꦚ꧀ꦕꦺꦴꦄꦼꦤ꧀(ꦗ꧀꧉ꦥ꧀꧉ꦕꦺꦴꦄꦼꦤ꧀)ꦱꦺꦏꦢꦫꦸꦪ꧀ꦚꦺꦤ꧀ꦝꦶꦤ꧀꧉ꦱ꧀ꦭꦱ꧀ꦠꦫꦺꦤ꧈ꦧꦭꦤ꧀ꦞꦔꦺꦴꦧ꧀ꦨꦂꦨꦶꦤ꧀ꦠꦺꦁꦆꦁꦒꦿꦶꦱ꧀ꦠꦺꦴꦂꦚꦺꦁꦏꦭꦺꦆꦁꦒꦿꦶꦱ꧀ꦎꦤ꧀ꦝꦸꦂꦢ'ꦥꦿꦎꦤ꧉ꦄꦤꦤ꧀ꦝꦶꦤꦺꦁꦧ꧀ꦭꦤ꧀ꦝꦙꦗꦏ'ꦄꦁꦓ꧀ꦲꦸꦪ꧀ꦤꦺꦠꦺꦤꦺꦏꦺꦴꦡ꧀ꦡ꧈ꦤꦭꦺꦏꦠꦎꦤ꧀꧑꧖꧑꧙꧈ꦚꦩꦏꦺꦴꦡ꧀ꦡꦗꦪꦏꦂꦠꦲꦺꦨꦸꦫꦸꦮꦶꦄꦨꦝꦶꦧꦠꦮ꦳ꦶꦪꦱꦉꦁꦧ꧀ꦭꦤ꧀ꦝ꧉

ꦥꦔꦺꦔꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦤꦼꦁꦏꦺꦴꦡ꧀ꦡꦤꦺꦏꦄꦠꦏꦭ꧀ꦆꦩꦶꦒꦿꦤ꧀ꦏ'ꦄꦁꦓ꧀ꦲꦸꦪ꧀ꦚꦤ꧀ꦝꦂ꧈ꦕꦼꦂꦥꦫꦱꦎꦝꦓ꧀ꦲꦂꦕꦺꦤꦎꦠꦧꦠꦶꦪꦺꦴꦁ̣ꦎꦮ꧉ꦗꦸꦩ꧀ꦭꦃꦮꦂꦒꦱꦺꦝꦏ꧀ꦏꦭꦄꦱꦺꦩ꧀ꦧꦸ꧈ꦩꦺꦤ꧀ꦝꦸ'ꦄꦓ꧀ꦲꦶꦠꦼꦩ꧀ꦥꦺꦴꦮꦤ꧀ꦥꦂꦤꦠꦏꦺꦴꦡ꧀ꦡ꧉ꦏꦠꦼꦂꦉꦤꦤ꧀ꦭꦤ꧀ꦢꦼꦥ꧀ꦏꦭꦥꦂꦤꦠꦏꦺꦴꦡ꧀ꦡꦔꦺꦴꦢ꧀ꦝꦶ'ꦆꦥꦱꦺꦥꦠꦤ꧀ꦆꦩꦶꦒꦿꦱꦶꦫꦺꦁ-ꦎꦫꦁꦕꦺꦤꦏꦼꦭꦧꦤ꧀ꦭꦺꦴꦫꦺꦴꦁꦢꦼꦥꦺꦴꦂꦠꦱꦶ꧉ꦠꦁꦱꦺꦭꦤ꧀ꦄꦨꦝꦶꦥꦭꦧꦤꦤ꧀꧈ꦏꦠꦼꦢ꧀ꦝꦶꦪꦤ꧀꧕꧈꧐꧐꧐ꦎꦫꦺꦁꦝꦫꦶꦲꦺꦠ꧀ꦤꦶꦱ꧀ꦕꦺꦤꦲꦺꦩꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦝꦱ꧀ꦎꦠꦧꦲꦺꦒꦼꦤꦺꦴꦱꦶꦢꦏꦝꦭꦂꦥꦼꦂꦤꦠꦧ꧀ꦭꦤ꧀ꦝꦠꦺꦴꦂꦮꦂꦒꦠꦺꦴꦧꦶꦤ꧀ꦥꦂꦠꦁꦓ꧀ꦲꦭ꧀꧙ꦎꦏ꧀ꦠꦺꦴꦧꦼꦂ꧑꧗꧔꧐꧈ꦙꦸꦓ꧀ꦲꦤ꧀ꦎꦤ꧀-ꦠꦎꦤ꧀ꦱꦭꦱ꧀ꦠꦫꦺꦤ꧈ꦱꦶꦠꦸꦮꦱꦶꦤꦺꦏꦩꦏ꧀ꦱꦲꦺꦠ꧀ꦤꦶꦱ꧀ꦕꦺꦤꦄꦥꦠꦂꦢ'ꦒ꧀ꦭꦺꦴꦢꦺꦴꦏ꧀ꦱꦺꦄꦏꦼꦤ꧀ꦤꦼꦁꦔꦤ꧀ꦤꦼꦁꦩꦺꦙꦶꦭ꧀ꦨꦶꦤ꧀ꦠꦺꦁꦏꦺꦴꦡ꧀ꦡ꧉ ꦏꦺꦴꦡ꧀ꦡꦄꦱꦼꦏ꧀ꦏꦂꦢ'ꦄꦫꦃꦙꦼꦭ꧀ꦭꦻꦴ'ꦏꦧꦶꦝꦤ꧀ꦤꦏꦼꦩꦫꦤ꧀(ꦮꦧꦃ)ꦥꦼꦚꦏꦺ'ꦠꦎꦤ꧀꧑꧘꧓꧕ꦠꦺꦴꦂ꧑꧘꧗꧐꧈ꦚꦺꦴꦂꦓ꧀ꦲꦸꦁꦫꦺꦁ-ꦎꦫꦺꦁꦄꦱꦺꦗꦶꦏ꧀ꦢ'ꦙꦼꦊꦈ'ꦚꦺꦁꦓ꧀ꦲꦻꦥꦭꦧ꧀ꦧꦸꦮꦤ꧀꧉ꦏꦺꦴꦤꦶꦁꦱ꧀ꦥ꧀ꦊꦆꦤ꧀꧈ꦱꦺꦩꦁꦏꦺꦤ꧀ꦄꦚꦩꦩꦺꦠꦺꦴꦂꦩꦼꦂꦢꦺꦏꦭꦱ꧀ꦠꦫꦺꦲꦺꦥꦢ꧀ꦝꦏ꧀ꦠꦎꦤ꧀꧑꧘꧑꧘꧈ꦠꦩꦤ꧀ꦥꦕꦺꦴꦩ꧀ꦥꦺꦴ'ꦄꦤ꧀ꦩꦺꦤ꧀ꦠꦺꦁꦏꦧꦶꦝꦤ꧀ꦲꦺꦥꦢ꧀ꦝꦏ꧀ꦠꦎꦤ꧀꧑꧙꧑꧓꧈Menteng : Pelopor Kota Taman, 3 November 2007ꦠꦺꦴꦂꦏꦼꦧꦪꦺꦴꦫꦤ꧀ꦧꦫꦸꦪ'ꦤꦺꦕꦼꦕꦺꦴꦩ꧀ꦥꦺꦴ'ꦄꦤ꧀ꦱꦺꦏ꦳ꦶꦂ-ꦄꦏ꦳ꦶꦫꦤ꧀ꦲꦺꦥꦢ꧀ꦝꦏ꧀ꦱꦉꦁꦧ꧀ꦭꦤ꧀ꦝ꧉ꦄꦭꦺꦁꦓ꧀ꦲꦥꦽꦕ꧀ꦕ'꧑꧙꧓꧐꧈ꦧꦠꦮ꦳ꦶꦪꦄꦫꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦔꦓ꧀ꦲꦸꦔꦶꦥꦠꦱꦥꦢꦸꦮꦚ꧀ꦗꦸꦠꦮꦂꦒ꧈Colonial Economy and Society, 1870–1940. Source: U.S. Library of Congress.ꦥꦽꦓ꧀ꦲꦠꦲꦺꦊꦧ꧀ꦨꦸꦮꦶ꧓꧗꧈꧐꧖꧗ꦎꦫꦺꦁꦄꦲꦺꦠ꧀ꦤꦶꦏ꧀ꦲꦺꦫꦺꦴꦥ꧉Governance Failure: Rethinking the Institutional Dimensions of Urban Water Supply to Poor Households. ScienceDirect.

ꦲꦺꦫꦏꦩꦂꦝꦶꦏ'ꦄꦤ꧀
ꦱ'ꦄꦩ꧀ꦥꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦥꦼꦂꦫꦁꦭꦱ꧀ꦠꦫꦺꦃ꧈ꦏꦎꦩ꧀ꦉꦥꦸꦧ꧀ꦭꦶꦏꦤ꧀ꦆꦤ꧀ꦝꦺꦴꦤꦺꦱꦶꦪꦄꦝꦶꦒ꧀ꦓ꧀ꦲꦭ꧀ꦗꦑꦂꦠꦱꦺꦲꦺꦏꦺꦴꦧꦱꦱꦂꦢꦢꦸꦃꦏꦚ꧀ꦕꦺꦴꦮꦤ꧀ꦠꦺꦴꦂꦩꦨꦝꦶꦗꦺꦴꦒ꧀ꦗꦏꦼꦂꦠꦩꦶꦤꦁꦏꦲꦺꦨꦸꦏꦺꦴꦡ꧀ꦡꦤꦓ꧀ꦲꦫꦱꦺꦄꦚꦂ꧉ꦱ'ꦄꦠ꧀꧑꧙꧕꧐꧈ꦱ'ꦄꦩ꧀ꦥꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦏꦩꦂꦝꦶꦏ'ꦄꦤ꧀ꦄꦧꦭꦶꦲꦺꦉꦧ꧀ꦨꦸ'꧈ꦲꦺꦨꦸꦏꦺꦴꦡ꧀ꦡꦤꦓ꧀ꦲꦫꦲꦺꦧꦭꦶꦪꦓ꧀ꦲꦶꦢ'ꦏꦺꦴꦡ꧀ꦡꦱꦗ꧀ꦙꦃ꧉ꦥꦽꦱꦶꦢꦺꦤ꧀ꦆꦤ꧀ꦝꦺꦴꦤꦺꦱꦶꦪꦥꦿꦠꦩ꧈ꦱꦺꦴꦄꦼꦏꦂꦤꦺꦴ꧈ꦔꦥ꧀ꦠꦺꦏꦂꦱꦏ'ꦄꦁꦓ꧀ꦲꦸꦪ꧀ꦩꦨꦝꦶꦗꦑꦂꦠꦏꦺꦴꦡ꧀ꦡꦄꦓ꧀ꦲꦸꦁꦆꦤ꧀ꦠꦼꦂꦤꦱꦶꦪꦺꦴꦤꦭ꧀ꦱꦼꦩꦁꦱꦤꦄꦠꦺꦠꦠꦿꦺꦏꦃꦥꦩꦢ꧀ꦝꦏꦤ꧀ꦱꦺꦲꦺꦨꦤ꧀ꦝꦻꦥꦂꦤꦠꦄꦩꦏ꧀ꦱꦺꦴꦠ꧀ꦩꦨꦱ꧀ꦠꦄꦂꦏꦤꦤ꧀ꦤꦱꦶꦪꦺꦴꦤꦭꦶꦱ꧀ꦱꦉꦁꦄꦂꦱꦶꦠꦼꦏ꧀ꦠꦸꦂꦩꦺꦴꦢꦼꦂꦤ꧀꧉ ꦤꦔꦤ꧀ꦠꦫꦠꦿꦺꦏꦤꦲꦺꦁꦓ꧀ꦲꦶꦥꦤꦺꦏꦙꦭꦤ꧀ꦭꦗꦁ꧈ꦨꦸꦤ꧀ꦝꦼꦫꦤ꧀ꦤꦂꦩꦺꦁꦤꦼꦁꦙꦭꦤ꧀ꦩ꧀ꦲ꧀ꦛꦩꦿꦶꦤ꧀-ꦱꦸꦢꦶꦂꦩꦤ꧀꧈ꦩꦺꦴꦤꦸꦩꦼꦤ꧀ꦤꦱꦶꦪꦺꦴꦤꦭ꧀꧈ꦲꦺꦴꦠꦺꦭ꧀ꦆꦤ꧀ꦝꦺꦴꦤꦺꦱꦶꦪ꧈ꦥꦤꦩ꧀ꦨꦓ꧀ꦲꦤ꧀ꦧꦼꦭꦤ꧀ꦙꦠꦺꦴꦂꦒꦼꦢ꧀ꦢꦸꦁꦥꦂꦊꦩꦼꦤ꧀ꦧꦸꦔꦂ꧉ꦤꦼꦁꦎꦏ꧀ꦠꦺꦴꦧꦼꦂ꧑꧙꧖꧕꧈ꦗꦑꦂꦠꦠꦼꦢ꧀ꦝꦶꦱꦏ꧀ꦱꦺꦱꦩꦤ꧀ꦢꦠ꧀ꦏꦸꦢꦺꦠꦱꦺꦩꦱꦺꦝꦃꦄꦼꦤ꧀ꦤꦼꦩ꧀ꦎꦫꦺꦁꦗꦼꦤ꧀ꦢꦼꦫꦭ꧀ꦠꦺꦁꦓ꧀ꦲꦶꦩꦶꦭꦶꦠꦼꦂ꧈ꦚꦺꦴꦊꦠ꧀ꦥꦤꦺꦴꦩ꧀ꦥꦼꦱ꧀ꦱꦤ꧀ꦩꦱ꧀ꦱꦭ꧀ꦫꦺꦁ-ꦎꦫꦺꦁꦏꦕꦺꦂ꧈ꦄꦤ꧀ꦝꦚ꧀ꦗꦸꦩ꧀ꦭꦃꦲꦺꦠ꧀ꦤꦶꦱ꧀ꦕꦺꦤ꧈"Why ethnic Chinese are afraid". BBC News. 12 February 1998. ꦔꦧꦶꦝꦤꦺꦲꦺꦫꦎꦂꦢꦼꦄꦚꦂꦤꦼꦁꦥꦤ꧀ꦝꦥ꧀ꦱꦺꦴꦄꦼꦲꦂꦠꦺꦴ꧉ꦱꦥꦺꦴꦏ꧀ꦥꦫꦎꦂꦢꦼꦱꦺꦲꦺꦥꦢ꧀ꦝꦏ꧀ꦤꦼꦁꦔꦝꦠꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦤꦗꦱꦢ꧀ꦗꦼꦤ꧀ꦢꦼꦫꦭ꧀-ꦗꦼꦤ꧀ꦢꦼꦫꦭ꧀ꦱꦺꦲꦺꦧꦸꦮꦁ꧉

ꦤꦭꦺꦏ꧑꧙꧖꧖꧈ꦗꦑꦂꦠꦏꦲꦺꦱ꧀ꦠꦿꦺꦤ꧀ꦄꦨꦝꦶ"ꦢ'ꦄꦼꦫꦃꦏ꦳ꦸꦱꦸꦱ꧀ꦲꦺꦨꦸꦏꦺꦴꦡ꧀ꦡ"(ꦢ'ꦲꦺꦫꦃꦏ꦳ꦸꦱꦸꦱ꧀ꦆꦧꦸꦏꦺꦴꦠ)꧈ꦄꦨꦏ꧀ꦠꦱ꧀ꦠꦠꦸꦱ꧀ꦱꦺꦱꦢꦿꦙꦠ꧀ꦱꦉꦁꦥꦿꦺꦴꦮ꦳ꦶꦤ꧀ꦱꦶ꧉ꦭꦺꦠ꧀ꦤꦚ꧀ꦗꦼꦤ꧀ꦢꦼꦫꦭ꧀ꦄꦭꦶꦱꦢꦶꦏꦶꦤ꧀ꦩꦶꦤꦁꦏꦒꦸꦧꦼꦂꦤꦸꦂꦩꦢꦶꦪꦤꦤ꧀꧖꧐-ꦄꦤ꧀ꦏꦤ꧀ꦠꦺꦴꦱ꧀꧑꧙꧗꧗;ꦩꦿꦏꦂꦱ'ꦄꦓ꧀ꦲꦶꦧꦶꦠꦺꦴꦔꦤ꧀ꦙꦭꦤ꧀ꦠꦺꦴꦂꦗꦩ꧀ꦧꦠ꧀꧈ꦚꦺꦴꦂꦓ꧀ꦲꦸꦁꦥꦚꦼꦏ꧀ꦏꦫꦤ꧀ꦱꦼꦤꦶꦠꦺꦴꦂꦨꦸꦝꦗ꧈ꦩꦢ꧀ꦝꦏ꧀ꦫꦺꦴꦩꦄꦁꦭꦺꦴꦠꦺꦴꦂꦱꦏꦺꦴꦭꦃ꧉ꦙꦸꦓ꧀ꦲꦤ꧀ꦄꦫꦺꦪ-ꦄꦫꦺꦪꦙꦧ꧀ꦨꦲꦺꦥ'ꦄꦂꦢꦩ꧀ꦩꦶꦤꦁꦏꦥꦿꦺꦴꦗꦺꦏ꧀-ꦥꦿꦺꦴꦗꦺꦏ꧀ꦩꦺꦴꦢꦼꦂꦤꦶꦱꦱꦶ꧈ ꦔꦤ꧀ꦝꦼꦏ꧀ꦧꦺꦕ'ꦠꦺꦴꦂꦩꦼꦭ꧀ꦭꦁꦧ꧀ꦭꦶꦙꦥꦚ꧀ꦕꦱꦺꦴꦏꦺꦴ꧉ꦱꦢꦶꦏꦶꦤ꧀ꦙꦸꦓ꧀ꦲꦤ꧀ꦓ꧀ꦲꦶꦪꦂꦏ'ꦄꦁꦓ꧀ꦲꦸꦪ꧀ꦤꦠꦗꦸꦩ꧀ꦭꦃꦆꦩꦶꦒꦿꦤ꧀ꦩꦚ꧀ꦕꦗꦑꦂꦠꦩꦶꦤꦁꦏꦠꦿꦺꦏꦤꦔꦙꦻꦴꦆꦥꦤꦁꦓ꧀ꦲꦸꦤ꧀ꦚꦼꦂꦫꦺꦤꦶꦗꦸꦩ꧀ꦭꦃꦏꦥ꦳ꦏꦶꦫꦤ꧀꧉
ꦆꦤ꧀ꦮ꦳ꦺꦱ꧀ꦠꦱꦶꦩꦚ꧀ꦕꦤꦼꦒꦿꦶꦱ'ꦄꦩ꧀ꦥꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦤꦩꦲꦺꦗꦮꦤ꧀ꦠꦫꦲꦺꦏꦺꦴꦡ꧀ꦡꦥꦤꦺꦏꦱꦭꦤ꧀ꦙꦁꦥꦂꦤꦠꦯꦢꦶꦏꦶꦤ꧀ꦤ꧀ꦏꦤ꧀ꦠꦺꦴꦱ꧀ꦥꦁꦒ꦳ꦤ꧀ꦠꦺꦱꦭꦱ꧀ꦠꦫꦺꦤ

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ꦒꦺꦪꦺꦴꦒꦿꦥ꦳ꦶ
+ ꦤꦺꦴꦏ꧀ꦠꦲꦺꦏ꧀ꦱ꧀ꦠꦿꦶꦩ꧀ꦥꦿꦺꦴꦮ꦳ꦶꦤ꧀ꦱꦶꦢꦏꦲꦶꦗꦑꦂꦠBârâ'    Nosa Pabelokan, Kabhupatèn Administrasi Kanosa'an SeribuLao'    Jhâlân Transyogi (Cibubur-Jonggol) km 01, Cibubur, Ciracas, Jakarta TimurTèmor    Jalan Kaliabang, Rorotan, Cilincing, Jakarta DâjâDâjâ    Pulau Sebira, Kabhupatèn Administrasi Kanosa'an SeribuTertinggi  +91 meter dpl,   Kabâsan Buperta Cibubur, Pondok Ranggon, Cipayung, Jakarta TemorTerendah  -1 meter dpl,   Jhâlân Muara Baru, Penjaringan, Jakarta Dâjâ

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