Claudius

Claudius (lahir dengan nama Tiberius Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus; 1 Agustus 10 SM – 13 Oktober 54 M) iyâ arèya Kaisar Romawi sè nomer 4 ḍâri Dinasti Julio-Claudian, sè marènta ḍâri taon 41 M sampè' ka matèna è taon 54 M. Claudius aropa'aghi angghuta kalowarga kekaisaran Romawi sè rang-rang èyarebbhâghi ka'angghuy marènta, ḍârina kondisi fisigghâ sè lemah bân kasèhadhânna sè jhubâ'. Maskè ènga' roma, salèrana jhâjâ naè' takhta saellana pembunuhan ponakanna, Kaisar Caligula, bân pamarènta'anna èkennang polana pan-bârâmpan pencapaian administratif bân militer, serta pan-bârâmpan intrik politik è sekitarra. 

 Kehidupan Awal 
Claudius lahèr è Lugdunum, Gallia (sastèya Lyon, Prancis) tangghâl 1 Agustus 10 SM. Salèrana aropa'agh ana' ḍâri Drusus, jenderal Romawi sè èhormadhi, bân Antonia Minor, potrè ḍâri Mark Antony bân Octavia Minor, tarètanna ḍâri Kaisar Augustus. Claudius èrabât è lingkungan aristokrat Romawi, tapè kasèhadhânna sè jhubâ', tamaso' gagap bân masalah ghulina bhâdhânna, madhâddhi kalowargana ta' ngangghep jârèya anḍi' potensi politik otabâ militer sè rajâ.

 Bibliografi 

 Sombher-sombher sè kona 

 Lucius Annaeus Seneca the Younger (1902) [1st century]. Apocolocyntosis divi Claudii. Translated by Allan Perley Ball. Columbia University Press.
 Gaius Plinius Secundus (1961) [c. 77 AD]. Natural History. Translated by H. Rackham; W.H.S. Jones; D.E. Eichholz. Harvard University Press.
 Josephus (1737) [c. 96 AD]. "Chapters XIX–XX". Antiquities of the Jews. Translated by William Whiston. Harvard University Press.
 Publius Cornelius Tacitus (1924) [c. AD 110]. "Books 11–11". The Annals. Translated by Frederick W. Shipley. Loeb Classical Library.
 Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus (1914) [c. AD 121]. "Life of Claudius". The Twelve Caesars. Translated by John Carew Rolfe. Loeb Classical Library.
 Lucius Cassius Dio (1927) [c. 230]. "Books 60–61". Roman History. Translated by Earnest Cary. Loeb Classical Library.

 Sombher sè modern 

 Aveline, John (2004). "The Death of Claudius". Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte. 53 (4): 453–475. ISSN 0018-2311. JSTOR 4436743.
 Griffin, Miriam (1990). "Claudius in Tacitus". The Classical Quarterly. 40 (2): 482–501. doi:10.1017/S0009838800043056. ISSN 0009-8388. JSTOR 639107. S2CID 170810972.
 Humphrey, John H. (1986). Roman Circuses: Arenas for Chariot Racing. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-04921-5.
 Hurley, Donna W., ed. (2001). Suetonius: Diuus Claudius. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-59325-5.
 Levick, B. M. (1978). "Antiquarian or Revolutionary? Claudius Caesar's Conception of His Principate". The American Journal of Philology. 99 (1): 79–105. doi:10.2307/293870. ISSN 0002-9475. JSTOR 293870.
 Levick, Barbara (2015) [1990]. Claudius (2nd ed.). London: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-70357-4.
 Leon, Ernestine F. (1948). "The Imbecillitas of the Emperor Claudius". Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association. 79: 79–86. doi:10.2307/283354. ISSN 0065-9711. JSTOR 283354.
 Major, Ann (1992). "Was He Pushed or Did He Leap? Claudius' Ascent to Power". Ancient History. 22: 25–31.
 Momigliano, Arnaldo (1934). Claudius, the Emperor and His Achievement. Translated by W.D. Hogarth. W. Heffer and Sons.
 Oost, Stewart Irvin (1958). "The Career of M. Antonius Pallas". The American Journal of Philology. 79 (2): 113–139. doi:10.2307/292103. ISSN 0002-9475. JSTOR 292103.
 Ruth, Thomas De Coursey (1916). The problem of Claudius: Some aspects of a character study. Johns Hopkins University.
 Ryan, F. X. (1993). "Some Observations on the Censorship of Claudius and Vitellius, A.D. 47-48". The American Journal of Philology. 114 (4): 611–618. doi:10.2307/295428. ISSN 0002-9475. JSTOR 295428.
 Scramuzza, Vincent (1940). The Emperor Claudius. Harvard University Press. ISBN 9780598740687.
 Simpson, C.J. (1981). "The Early Name of the Emperor Claudius" (PDF). Acta Antiqua Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae. 29: 363–368.
 Stuart, Meriwether (1936). "The Date of the Inscription of Claudius on the Arch of Ticinum". American Journal of Archaeology. 40 (3): 314–322. doi:10.2307/498692. JSTOR 498692. S2CID 191396418.
 Suhr, Elmer G. (1955). "A Portrait of Claudius". American Journal of Archaeology. 59 (4): 319–322. doi:10.2307/500799. JSTOR 500799. S2CID 192971087.
 Vessey, D. W. T. C. (1971). "Thoughts on Tacitus' Portrayal of Claudius". The American Journal of Philology. 92 (3): 385–409. doi:10.2307/292801. ISSN 0002-9475. JSTOR 292801.