ຈັກກະວັດເຢຍລະມັນ

ຈັກກະວັດເຢຍລະມັນ ()Herbert Tuttle wrote in September 1881 that the term "Reich" does not literally connote an empire as has been commonly assumed by English-speaking people. The term  literally denotes an empire – particularly a hereditary empire led by an emperor, although  has been used in German to denote the Roman Empire because it had a weak hereditary tradition. In the case of the German Empire, the official name was , which is properly translated as "German Empire" because the official position of head of state in the constitution of the German Empire was officially a "presidency" of a confederation of German states led by the King of Prussia who would assume "the title of German Emperor" as referring to the German people, but was not emperor of Germany as in an emperor of a state. – "The German Empire." Harper's New Monthly Magazine. vol. 63, issue 376, pp. 591–603; here p. 593.World Book, Inc. The World Book dictionary, Volume 1. World Book, Inc., 2003. p. 572. States that Deutsches Reich translates as "German Realm" and was a former official name of Germany.Joseph Whitaker. Whitaker's almanack, 1991. J Whitaker & Sons, 1990. Pp. 765. Refers to the term  being translated into English as "German Realm", up to and including the Weimar period. ບາງຄັ້ງເອີ້ນວ່າ ເຢຍລະມັນອິມພີຣຽລ,See, for example, Roger Chickering, Imperial Germany and the Great War, 1914–1918. 3rd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014; Cornelius Torp and Sven Oliver Müller, eds., Imperial Germany Revisited: Continuing Debates & New Perspectives. Oxford: Berghahn, 2011; James Retallack, ed., Imperial Germany 1871–1918. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008; Isabel V. Hull, Absolute Destruction: Military Culture and the Practices of War in Imperial Germany. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2005. ໄຣຊ໌ທີ່ສອງ ຫຼືອຮຽກຢ່າງງ່າຍວ່າ ເຢຍລະມັນ ແມ່ນສະໄໝຂອງໄຣຊ໌ເຢຍລະມັນ ຕັ້ງແຕ່ການຮວມຊາດເຢຍລະມັນໃນປີ ຄ.ສ. 1871 ຈົນເຖິງການປະຕິວັດເດືອນພະຈິກໃນປີ ຄ.ສ. 1918 ເມື່ອໄຣຊ໌ເຢຍລະມັນຖືກແທນທີ່ໂດຍລັດຖະບານສາທາລະນະລັດ

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