Allergie

Ba allergie, eyebani lisusu bo makono ya allergie, yango ezali mitindo ndenge na ndenge kowuta na hypersensibilité ya bokengi ya nzoto na eloko songolo ya nzinga nzinga eye mingi mpeza ememaka mua nkokoso epayi ya batu ebele. Makono yango mazali rhume de foins, ba allergie ya bilei, nkokoso ya loposo, allergie ya maladi ya mpema, mpe anaphylaxie. Bilembo bikoki kozala miso motane, mokosa na loposo, kotangisa miyoyo, mpema mokuse, to kovimba vimba. Nzoto koboya bilei na intoxication ya bilei eza mitindo ya ndenge mosusu.

Ba allèrgenes oyo eyebani mingi eza pollen na bilei. Mabende mpe biloko misusu ekoki mpe komema nkokoso. Bilei, koswama na ba insect, mpe nkisi yango eza ntina eye eyebani mingi mpo na ba réaction ya makasi. Bozalisami ya makono oyo ewutaka na ba facteur génétique mpe na nzinga nzinga. Lolenge loye bokono eyelaka ezwaka ba anticorps ya immoglobule E (IgE), eteni ya bokengi ya nzoto, kolingama na allèrgene ioko mpe nasima na récepteur moko na mastocyte to na basophile epayi wapi efongolaka nzela ya bosopani ya ba élément chimique ya inflammation neti histamine. Mingi mpeza diagnostic esalemaka kolandana na lisitwale ya bokolungunu ya mutu. Ba teste misusu ya loposo to makila ekoki kozala ya litomba mpo na batu songolo to pakala. Ba teste ya positif, ntango mususu ekolinga koloba te ete allergie ya monene eza na eloko eye bazali kotala.

Kozwama na eleko songolo na biye bikoki kozala ba allèrgene ekoki ntango mosusu mpe kobatela mutu. Ba traitement mpo na ba allergies eza koboya ba allèrgens oyo esili koyebana mpe komela ba nkisi neti ba stéroïde na ba antihistamine. Mpo na baye baza na ba réaction ya makasi esengeli bazwa tonga ya adrenaline (epinephrine). Immunotherapie ya allergène, ememaka batu malembe malembe na bozwi mitango minene ya ba allèrgene, yango ezalaka ya litomba mpo na lolenge songolo ya ba allergie neti rhume de foins mpe na ba reaction ya koswama na ba insect. Bosaleli yango mpo na ba allergie ya bilei eyebani malamu te.

Ba allergie ezwaka batu ndenge na ndenge. Na pays dévloppés, pene na 20% ya batu batungisamaka na rhinite allergique, pene na 6% ya batu baza na ata allergie moko ya bilei, mpe pene na 20% baza na nkokoso ya loposo na eleko songolo ya bomoyi. Kolandana na mboka songolo to pakala pene na 1 na 18% ya batu baza na maladi ya mpema. Anaphylaxie ekomelaka kati ya 0.05–2% ya batu. Motango ya makono mingi ya allergie momonani neti mozali komata. Liloba "allergie" lilobamaki mbala ya yambo na Clemens von Pirquet na mobu ya 1906.

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