Alakena

Alakena mmere ya kinnansi erimu ebiwuka ebiyitibwa enkuyege ebiliibwa Abalango mu Bukiikakkono bwa Uganda . Eby'okulya bino bye bimu ku by'okulya ebiliibwa mu sizoni z'okulya ebiwuka mu Buvanjuba bwa Afrika era kikola ng’emmere ezimba omubiri n’akabonero k’obuwangwa mu bantu b’e Lango. https://ir.busitema.ac.ug/handle/20.500.12283/115

 Okuteekateeka n’okutuuka ku sizoni 
Okuteekateeka Alakena kubaawo mu kiseera kya sizoni engere, nga bikwatagana n'ebiro enkuyege mwezizaalira. Mu kiseera kino, ebiswa byeteekaeeka enswa n'enkuyege mu kitundu kino ezimanyiddwa nga "Ngwen" mu lulimi Olulango. Ekiseera kino kikulu nnyo kuba kikiikirira entikko y’okubeerawo kw’enkuyege bweziva wansi mu ttaka okutandika okubuuka. Omotoso, O.T. (2017). "Knowledge, attitudes and practices on edible insects in Lango sub-region, northern Uganda". Busitema University Institutional Repository.

Ekijjulo kino kiteekebwateekebwa mu nkuyege ez'akakwatibwa nga zino zigabulwa nga enva enkulu okusinga okugabulwa ng'akampwakimpwanki. Okuteekateeka kuno kulimu okukwata enkuyege we zifulumira, n'ezilongosebwa oluvanyuma ne zisekulwa okukola enva. Enswa ezikaziddwa zitelekebwa okusobola okuliibwa oluvannyuma, ne kyongera ku kubeerawo kw’emmere erimu ebiriisa okusukka sizoni y'azo. 

 Amakulu mu by’obuwangwa 
Mu bantu b’e Lango, Alakena erina omugaso gw'ebyobuwangwa ogusukkulumye ku muwendo gw'emmere. ekyokulya kio kisibiddwa nnyo mu nkola z’emmere ey’ekinnansi era ekiikirira akakwate ku nkola z’emmere ya bajjajjaabwe ezibadde zikuumibwa okumala emirembe. Okunoonyereza okwakolebwa mu kitundu kye Lango kulaga nti enswa ( Macrotermes spp. ), mu kitundu kino ezimanyiddwa nga "Ngwen," ziliibwa abantu abasoba mu 97% mu kitundu kino. Okugatta ku ekyo, enkuyege ( Syntermes soldiers ), mu kitundu eziyitibwa "okok," ziliibwa abantu ebitundu 73% ku baabuuziddwa, ekiraga okukkirizibwa okunene n'okugatta okulya enkuyege mu buwangwa bw'emmere y'omu kitundu. Akullo, J.; Obaa, B.B.; Acai, J. Okwee; Nakimbugwe, D.; Agea, J.G. (2017). "Knowledge, attitudes and practices on edible insects in Lango sub-region, northern Uganda". Journal of Insects as Food and Feed. 3 (2): 73–85. doi:10.3920/JIFF2016.0033.
alt=Soldier Termites|thumb|Enkuyege
Engeri gye ziliibwamu ku bibalo kiraga nti abakazi n'abaana be basinga okulya ebiwuka bino okusinga abasajja. Enkola eno ey’ensaasaanya eraga nti Alakena ekola ng’eky’obugagga ekikulu eky’emmere naddala eri abantu abali mu bwetaavu, omuli abakyala ab’embuto n’abayonsa abayinza okuganyulwa mu birungo bya puloteyina n’ebiriisa ebingi ebiri mu biwuka bino. Akullo, J.; Obaa, B.B.; Acai, J. Okwee; Nakimbugwe, D.; Agea, J.G. (2017). "Knowledge, attitudes and practices on edible insects in Lango sub-region, northern Uganda". Journal of Insects as Food and Feed. 3 (2): 73–85. doi:10.3920/JIFF2016.0033.

 Ebirungo ebirimu 
Okwekenenya kw'abannasaayansi ku nswa zino kulaga emigaso egy’amaanyi n'ebiriisa ebiva mu kuzirya mu ngeri ey’ekinnansi. Okunoonyereza ku biwuka ekika kya Macrotermes, ebiwuka ebisookerwako ebikozesebwa mu kutegeka Alakena, kulaga nti birimu obutoffaali obw’enjawulo n’amasavu eby’omugaso. Enkuyege zino zirimu amino asidi nnya enkulu ne cereal-limiting amino acids: lysine (1.0–1.3 mg/g), methionine (0.08–0.1 mg/g), leucine (0.6–0.9 mg/g), ne threonine (0.1–0.2 mg/g). 

Ekirala, enkuyege ziraga nti bmu ku by’obugagga eby’omu ttaka ebikulu, omuli ayoni (ekirungo eky'etaagisa mu magumba) (70.7–111.8 mg/100 g) ne zinc (4.4–16.2 mg/100 g). Ebirungo bino eby’omu ttaka bifuula Alakena okuba ow’omugaso ennyo mu kukola ku bbula ly’emmere eritera okubeera mu mawanga agali ku ddungu lya Sahara, ng’ebbula lya ayoni ne zinki bye bisinga okweraliikiriza ebyobulamu. Cheseto, Xavier; Ochieng, Brian O.; Subramanian, Sevgan; Tanga, Chrysantus M. (2024). "Unravelling the nutritional and health benefits of marketable winged termites (Macrotermes spp.) as sustainable food sources in Africa". Scientific Reports. 14 (1) 9993. Bibcode:2024NatSR..14.9993C. doi:10.1038/s41598-024-60729-9. PMC 11063174. PMID 38693201.

Okunoonyereza kulaga nti enkuyege zirimu ebiriisa eby’omutindo ogwa waggulu omuli obutoffaali, wamu n’eby’obuggagga eby’omu ttaka ebisobola okufunibwa mu okusinga eby’obuggagga eby’omu ttaka ebiva mu mmere y’ebimera. Enkizo eno eraga nti Alakena ayinza okuba omulungi naddala mu kukola ku bbula ly’ebiriisa eribunye mu kitundu. 

 Embeera y’ekitundu n’omugaso gw’obutonde 
Alakena aliibwa mu bitundu omuli enkola y’okulya ebiwuka okwetoloola sub-Saharan Africa, nga enkuyege zikola nga ebitundu 10% ku biomass zonna ez’ebisolo mu bitundu ebya tropical. Africa, erimu ebika by’enkuyege ebisoba mu 1000, ng’erina obugagga obw’enjawulo obw’enkuyege mu nsi yonna, ng’ekika kya Termitidae kirimu abazimbi by’entuumu ennene oba ebiswa ebituuka ku mita 5 obuwanvu. 

Enkola eno esukkulumye ku bantu b’e Lango, ng’amawanga ag’enjawulo okwetoloola Uganda n’amawanga ag’omuliraano gakuuma obulombolombo obufaanagana obw’okulya ebiwuka. Okubuna kuno mu buwangwa obw’enjawulo kulaga emigaso n’okuyiga obuwangwa bw’emmere endala eyesigamiziddwa ku nkuyege nga Alakena. Van Huis, Arnold (2017). "Cultural significance of termites in sub-Saharan Africa". Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine. 13 (1) 8. doi:10.1186/s13002-017-0137-z. PMC 5270236. PMID 28126033.

 Obukuumi bw’emmere n’okuyimirizaawo 
Ebyavudde mu kunoonyereza mu kitundu kye Lango biraga nti ebiwuka byamugaso nnyo ng’emmere eri abantu b'omu byalo, nga bikola ng’eby’okulya n'okuwanirira eby’enfuna. Wabula okunoonyereza kulaga nti abasinga obungi ku baabuuziddwa baali tebamanyi nti ebiwuka birimu ebiriisa, ekiraga nti w'etaagayo enteekateeka z’okusomesa okutumbula n'okumanyibwa kw’emmere ey’ekinnansi nga Alakena ng’ebintu eby’omuwendo ebiriisa. Akullo, J.; Obaa, B.B.; Acai, J. Okwee; Nakimbugwe, D.; Agea, J.G. (2017). "Knowledge, attitudes and practices on edible insects in Lango sub-region, northern Uganda". Journal of Insects as Food and Feed. 3 (2): 73–85. doi:10.3920/JIFF2016.0033.

Engeri y'okukwatamu enkyuge eludde ng'egobererwa etadde Alakena mu kifo kye bimu ku mmere erimu ebiliisa. Enkola z’okumanya ez’ennono ezeetoolodde okukung’aanya n’okuziteekateeka zikiikirira okutegeera okulungi ennyo ku nsengekera z’obutonde bw’ensi ez’omu kitundu n’enkola za sizoni ezizze zirongooseddwa okumala emirembe. 

 Enkozesa n’okunoonyereza okw’omulembe 
Okunoonyereza okw’omulembe guno kunoonyereza ku busobozi bw’okuyingiza enkuyege mu nkola z’emmere ez’omulembe. Okunoonyereza kulaga nti ebiva mu ŋŋaano bisobola okugaggawazibwa obulungi n’obuwunga obuva mu nkuyege, nga okukyusakyusa ebitundu 5% okulaga okwongera mu ekirungo kya puloteyina, retinol, riboflavin, iron ne zinc okutuuka ku kigero ekiri wakati wa 16% ne 53% okweyongera. 

Okunoonyereza okwakoleddwa ekitongole kya Oxford Academic ku mpisa z’emmere y’ebiwuka ebirondeddwa mu Uganda okukozesebwa ng’ensibuko endala ez’ebirungo ebizimba omubiri mu mmere okuwagira obusobozi bw’emmere ey’ekinnansi nga Alakena mu kuyambako mu kulwanisa ebbula ly'ebirungo mu mmere. 

 Okusoomoozebwa n’okukuuma 
Enkyukakyuka mu kiseera kino mu nkola y’ebyobulimi, okugenda mu bibuga, n’embeera y’obudde bireeta okusoomoozebwa mu nteekateeka y’ennono n’okulya Alakena. Enkyukakyuka mu butonde ezikosa eenkula y'enkuyege n’engeri enswa gye zibuukamu mu sizoni ekikulu ennyo mu nkola ez’ennono ez’okuteekateeka. Okugatta ku ekyo, okukyusa emmere gye baagala mu milembe emito n’okwongera okufuna emmere enkolelere kiyinza okukosa okubunyisa okumanya kw’emmere ey’ekinnansi. Omotoso, O.T. (2017). "Knowledge, attitudes and practices on edible insects in Lango sub-region, northern Uganda". Busitema University Institutional Repository.

Wabula okweyongera okutegeera emigaso gy’ebiriisa egy’okulya ebiwuka n’okwagala enkola z’emmere kivuddeko okuddamu okufaayo ku mmere ey’ekinnansi nga Alakena. Okusiima kuno kuwagira kaweefube w’okuwandiika n’okukuuma enkola z’emmere y’ekinnansi nga bwe banoonyereza ku biyinza okuziyamba mu kusoomoozebwa kw’emmere ey’omulembe. Nakimbugwe, Dorothy; Fiaboe, Komi K M.; Muzira Mukisa, Ivan; Tamale Ndagire, Catherine; Bbosa, Tom (2019). "Nutritional Characteristics of Selected Insects in Uganda for Use as Alternative Protein Sources in Food and Feed". Journal of Insect Science. 19 (6). doi:10.1093/jisesa/iez124. PMC 6920063. PMID 31853552.

 Laba ne bino 

 Emmere y’aba Lugbara
 Nsenene
 Emmere ya Uganda

 Ebijuliziddwa 

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