Xylophone

Amadinda oba Xylophone mu Lungereza ( mu lulimi  Olu Greek olw’edda  ξύλον https://web.archive.org/web/20201207215715/https://www.lexico.com/definition/xylophonist https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=cu/lon1 lit. ' eddoboozi ly'obubaawo' ) kino kivuga ekigwa mu ttuluba ly'ebivuga ebikolebwa mu emiti nga bikubibwa obuti okuvaamu amaloboozi. Buli kabaawo kaba ddinda ly'anjawulo erikolebwa okusobola okuvaamu eddoboozi ery'enjawulo omuli erya pentatonic oba heptatonic mu mbeera y’ebivuga bingi eby’Afirica ne Asia, diatonic mu bivuga bingi eby’abaana ab’amawanga g’omubugwanjuba, oba chromatic okukozesebwa mu kibiina ky’abayimbi.

Erinnya amadinda liyinza okukozesebwa okutwalira awamu, okuzingiramu ebivuga byonna ng’ebyo okugeza nga marimba, balafon kwossa ne semantron . Naye mu kibiina ky’abayimbi, ekigambo madinda kitegeeza nnyo ekivuga ekivaamu eddoboozi ery'awaggulu erisingako katono ku buwanvu era nga gaba gakoleddwa embaawo enkalu okusinga marimba, era ebivuga bino ebibiri tebisaanidde kutabulwa. Omuntu akuba amadinda amanyiddwa nga xylophonist oba mu njogera ennyamgu ayitibwa mukubi w'amadinda. https://web.archive.org/web/20201207215715/https://www.lexico.com/definition/xylophonist

Erinnya lino era likozesebwa nnyo okutegeeza ebivuga ebifaanagana eby’ekika kya lithophone ne metallophone . Okugeza, Pixiphone n’eby’okuzannyisa bingi ebifaananako bwe bityo ababikola bye baayogerako nga amadinda agalina ebyuma mu kifo ky'embaawo, era bwe kityo mu  lulimi lw'ebivuga  bitwalibwa nga glockenspiels mu kifo ky'amadinda.

 Enzimba yaago 
Amadinda ag'omulembe mu mawanga g'omu bugwanjuba galina embaawo eziva mu miti gya rosewood, padauk, cocobolo, oba ebintu eby’enjawulo ebikoleddwa nga fiberglass oba fiberglass-reinforced plastic ebisobozesa eddoboozi okuba ery’amaanyi. http://www.madehow.com/Volume-6/Xylophone.html Agamu gasobola okusaasanya amalobozi ku bugazi bwa 21/2  ag'omu bivvuliu go gagenda okutuuka bugazi bwa 31/2 oba 4. Okufaananako ne glockenspiel, amadinda kivuga ekiyimusa amaloboozi: ebitundu byakyo biwandiikibwa octave emu wansi w’ennukuta eziwulikika. https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?from=en&to=lg&targettitle=Amadinda&page=Xylophone#:~:text=View-,Cook%2C%20Gary%20D.%20(1997).%20Teaching%20Percussion%20(Second%C2%A0ed.).%20Belmont%2C%20California%3A%20Schirmer%20Books%2C%20Wadsworth/Thomson%20Learning.,-Issues

Amadinga g'oku bivvulu galina obuuma obwongera ku maloboozi agavaamu wansi w’embaawo okutumbula obuwanvu bw'eddoboozi n’okulikuuma. Fuleemu zikolebwa mu mbaawo oba obuuma obutali bwa bbeeyi nnene: amadinga ag'ebbeeyi gaba m'ongeremu mu buwanvu era gaba g'ongeddwamu obunywevu ku ttaka. Mu nkola z'abayimbi endala bakozesa nsaasi http://www.madehow.com/Volume-6/Xylophone.html nga zeezikola mu kuyamba okwongera eddoboozi. Amadinga amalala gaba ga kika kya "trough" nga gaba ne'kituli kimu ekikola ku kwongeza amaloboozi eri obuuma bwonna. https://web.archive.org/web/20120808061925/http://www.vsl.co.at/en/70/3196/3204/3205/5729.vsl Enkola enkadde zaalimu okusengeka embaawo wamu ku , era, n’okutuusa kati kikolebwa n’okutuusa kati, okuteeka embaawo nga ziriraanaganye mu nsengeka eringa ey'amadaala. Obuti obugakuba edda bw'akolebwanga Ensigo ez’edda zaakolebwanga mu mbaawo z’omuti gwa willow nga ku nkomerero zazo kuliko ebibya ebiringa ekijiiko. 

Obuti obukuba amadinda

Amadinda galina okukubwa n'obuti bwa labba, polyball oba acrylic. Oluusi obuti bwa labba ali wakatikkati n'omugumu ennyo  oba obw’obuwuzi bwe bikozesebwa okukola amaloboozi amagonvu.  Amaloboozi amagonvu gasobola okukolebwa ku madinda nga bakozesa obuti obuliko emitwe egy’embaawo ezikoleddwa mu muti gwa rosewood, ebony, birch oba emiti emirala emigumu.

Ebyafaayo by'ago

Ekivuga kino kirina ensibuko y’edda etamanyiddwa. Nettl yagamba nti yasibuka mu bukiikaddyo bw’obuvanjuba bwa Asia n’ejja mu Afrika c. AD 500 ekibinja ky’abantu aboogera Oluaustronesia bwe baasenguka ne bagenda mu Afirica, ne bageraageranya ebibiina by’abakubi b'amadinda ab’omu Buvanjuba bwa Africa n’ebibiina by’abazannyi baago mu aba gamelan ab'e Javanese ne Balinese. https://theoryofmusic.wordpress.com/page/176/ : 1 . 18–19, 19 . 100 Endowooza eno yasoomoozebwa omukugu mu nnyimba z’amawanga era omukugu mu nnimi Roger Blench, nga agamba nti ensibuko eyetongodde ey'amadinda eri mu Africa, ng’awa, mu bujulizi obw’okuyiiya mu kitundu, ebifaananyi eby’enjawulo eby'amadinda ga Afirica n’ebika by'amadinda eby’enjawulo ennyo n’ebivuga ebiringa amadinda mu Afirica. http://orgs.usd.edu/nmm/Africa/SubSaharanAfrica.html

Amadinda g'omu Asia

Obujulizi obwasooka ku madinda nti amatuufu gava mu kyasa eky’omwenda mu bukiikaddyo bw’obuvanjuba bwa Asia, ate ekivuga eky’embaawo ekiwaniriddwa ekifaananako bwe kityo, ekika kya harmonicon, kigambibwa nti Vienna Symphonic Library yaliwo mu 2000 BC mu kitundu kati ekitundu ku nsi ya China. Ekivuga  ekiringa amadinda kyakozesebwa mu bitundu by’Abahindu (kashta tharang). Mu Indonesia, ebitundu bitono ebirina ekika kyabyo eky'amadinda. Mu North Sumatra, Abantu b'e Toba Batak bakozesa amadinda ag'embaawo agamanyiddwa nga Garantung (ekiwandiikibwa nga: "garattung"). Java ne Bali bakozesa amadinda (agayitibwa gambang, Rindik ne Tingklik ) mu nsengeka za gamelan . gakyalina amakulu ag’ennono mu Malaysia, Melanesia, Indonesia, Thailand, Myanmar, n’ebitundu by’America. Mu Myanmar, amadinda gamanyiddwa nga Pattala era mu bujjuvu ekolebwa mu mmuli.

Amadinda ga Africa

Erinnya marimba era likozesebwa ku bivuga by'ennono eby'enjawulo nga balafon y'omu Bugwanjuba bwa Africa. Fbika ebyasooka by'akolebwanga nga birina obubaawo wamu n'ensaasi.  Olubaawo lw'asookanga kw'okyebwako ku muliro eky'ayambanga okuluwa eddoboozi  lye baabanga baagala. Akoongeza ekisumuluzo kaakolebwangako okuwa ekisumuluzo nga bayita mu kulonda n’obwegendereza sayizi yaako, okukyusakyusa obugazi bw'akamwa kaako nga bakozesa wasp wax n’okutereeza obuwanvu bw’ekisumuluzo okusukkako ku kongeza ekisumuluzo. Omukozi omukugu asobola okukola nga amaloboozi mawanvu mu ngeri eyeewuunyisa. Obuti obukozesebwa okukuba ebika bya dibinda ne mbila bulina emitwe egyakolebwa mu labba aggyiddwa mu kimera  ekiranda eky'omu nsiko. http://www.answers.com/topic/music-of-mozambique endongo "ekwatagana  " oba ekyukakyuka eri mu nvuga y'amadinda g'Obuvanjuba bwa Africa okugeza nga eya  Makonde dimbila, Yao mangolongondo oba Shirima mangwilo nga mu kino opachera, eyasookanga okuyita, yaddibwangamu omukubi omulala ayitibwa wakulela . https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=cu/lon1 Kino kitera okukubisaamu emirundi ebiri omuli okuba rhythmic pulse ogw’amangu edda oguyinza n’okubeera awamu ne counter rhythm .

Mbila

Mbila (mu bungi "timbila") kika ekikwatagana n'abantu b'e Chopi ab'omu ssaza ly'e Inhambane, mu bukiikaddyo bwa Mozambique. http://www.answers.com/topic/music-of-mozambique Tekirina kutabulwa na mbira . Omusono gw’onvuga yaago n'ennyimba eziyimbirwako kigireetera okuba nga y'enkola esinga okuba enzibu oba eyeekikugu  kyokka nga esanngibwa mu bantu abatali baayivu bulungi. https://web.archive.org/web/20201207215715/https://www.lexico.com/definition/xylophonist Amadinda gano ag'e Mozambiquegakubibwa mu bibinja ebinene ku mazina amayiiye obulungi, oba oly'awo nga galaga emizannyo egikwata ku byafaayo. Ebibinja by'abazinnyi bibaamu amadinda agawera nga kkumi ag'obunene obwa sayizi ssatu oba nnya. Ekibiina ky’abayimbi ekijjuvu kiyinza okuba n'ebivuga bibiri ebya bass ebiyitibwa gulu nga biriko ebisumuluzo by’embaawo bisatu oba bina ebikubibwa nga bayimiridde nga bakozesa obuti obukuba obuzito obuliko emitwe gya labba emigumu, tenor dibinda ssatu, nga biriko ebisumuluzo kkumi era nga bikubibwa nga batudde, ne mbila yennyini, erimu ebisumuluzo ebituuka ku kkumi na mwenda nga ku bino okutuuka ku munaana biyinza okukubibwa omulundi gumu. Gulu ekozesa ensaasi, ate mbila ne dibinda Masala bakozesa bisusunku by’amakovu amatono nga ebyongeza ku maloboozi. Ziwerekera amazina n’ennyimba z'ennono empanvu ebiyitibwa ngomi oba mgodo era nga zirimu ebitundu by’ennyimba nga kkumi nga ziteereddwa mu bibinja  4 ez’enjawulo, nga biriko ‘oluyimba oba omuzannyo oba amazina agaggulawo’, mu kudduka kw'ebivuga bino n’emisono egy’enjawulo. Omukulembeze w’ekibiina aweereza ng’omutontomi, omuyimbi, ayimbisa banne n’omuzannyi, ng’akola ekiwandiiko, ayiiya oluyimba nga mu ngeri emu lwekuusa ku mpulikika y'olulimi lw'aba Chopi n’okuyiiya layini eyookubiri ey’okugatta emidigido. Abayimbi b’ekibiina kino bayiiya ekitundu ku bitundu byabwe. Olwo omuyimbi yeebuuza ku muyiiya w'amazina ow'omukolo ogwo era enkyukakyuka ne zikolebwa. https://theoryofmusic.wordpress.com/page/176/ Ekisinga obuwanvu era ekisinga obukulu ku bino ye "Mzeno" eba egenda okubeeramu oluyimba olunyumya ku nsonga ey'omugaso mu kitundu oba n'okusaagira ku muntu omututumufu mu kitundu!  Abayimbi kuliko Eduardo Durão ne Venancio Mbande.  https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=cu/lon1 https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?from=en&to=lg&targettitle=Amadinda&page=Xylophone#:~:text=View-,Romney%2C%20Jonathan%20(5%20March%201991).%20%22Timbila%20album%20review%22.%20Q%20Magazine.%2055%3A%2068.,-Issues

Gyil

Gyil (mu Lungereza: /ˈdʒɪlə, dʒiːl/) kye kika ekirina sayidi ettaano ky'ekivuga ekikozesebwa abantu aboogera olulimi lwa Gur mu Ghana, Burkina Faso, Mali ne Ivory Coast mu West Africa. Gyil kye kivuga ekikulu eky'obuwangwa eky'abantu ba Dagara"  ab'omu bukiikakkono bwa Ghana ne Burkina Faso, n'abantu Abalobi mu Ghana, abasangibwa mu bukiikaddyo bwa Burkina Faso, ne mu Ivory Coast. Ekivuga kino kikubibwa abatu babiribabiri, nga zigenda wamu n'ensaasi ezikolebwa mu ndeku nga ziyitibwa kuor. Kisobola n'okukubibwa omuntu omu nga kugenderako engoma ekubibwa n'obuti, oba omuyimbi akulemberamu. Okukuba ekivuga kino nga kiri wamu n'ebyo kikubibwa nnyo mu nsonga z'ekinnansi mu nsonga z'okuziika mu bantu ba Dagara. Ekivuga kino kisinga kukubibwa basajja, nga bano bakiyiga bakyali bato, naye nga tekirina kukugira kwekuusa ku kikula.

Enkola y'ekivuga kino efaananako n’eya Balaba oba Balafon ekikozesebwa abantu aboogera Olumande nga ba -Bambara, Dyula n'aba Sosso mu bitundu eby'ewala mu Bugwanjuba mu bitundu by'Oukiikaddyo  bwa Mali n’obugwanjuba bwa Burkina Faso, ekitundu ekirimu ennono nnyingi ez’ennyimba n’ez’omu bukiikakkono bwa Ivory Coast ne Ghana. Kikolebwa n’ebisumuluzo by’embaawo 14 eby’omuti omugumu ogw’omu Afirica oguyitibwa liga nga biteekebwa ku lubaawo nga wansi wabaayo ensaasi nga zirengejja. http://contexts.org/articles/winter-2008/harper/ Ensaasi ziba n'obusaanikira obwa sirika nga bulinga ennyumba za nnabbubi obuyamba okuvaamu eddoboozo erisaala ne bakozesa eddiba ly'engabi okusiba okunyweza.  Ekivuga kino kikubiddwa n’obuti bw’embaawo obuliko emitwe gya labba.

Silimba

Silimba g'emadinda agakozesebwa ennyo mu bantu abayitibwa  ab'aNkoya n'Abalozi ab'e Barotseland mu bugwanjuba bwa Zambia . https://web.archive.org/web/20170630191209/http://www.kalimba.co.za/old/marimbahistory.html Ebisumuluzo ebiteekeddwateekeddwa bisibibwa waggulu w'ensaasi ezivuga. http://www.zambiatourism.com/travel/hisgeopeop/people.htm Gano nga gamanyiddwa nga shinjimba mu ba Nkoya, nga gakubibwa ku Kazanga, omukolo gw’obwakabaka ogw’ennono ogw’Abankoya. Silimba kitundu kikulu nnyo mu nnono z’ennyimba z’obuwangwa ez’abantu b’e Lozi era osobola okugiwulira ku mukolo gw'abwe ogw’e Kuomboka ogutegekebwa buli mwaka. Silimba kati ekozesebwa mu bitundu bya Zambia ebisinga obungi.

Akadinda, amadinda ne mbaire

Akadinda, amadinda nga bwe gayitibwa mu luganda bivuga ebisibuka mu Buganda, nga eyitibwa Uganda omulembe guno . https://web.archive.org/web/20201207215715/https://www.lexico.com/definition/xylophonist Amadinda gakolebwa galina emiti kkumineebiri nga gino gipangibwa ku kintu kya njuyi ttaano. Okusinga gakubibwa abantu basatu. Abakubi babiri batuula nga buli omu atunudde mu munne ne bakugakuba mu ngeri ekwatagana mu bwangu obwa waggulu. Tegaba na nsaasi oba ddoboozi lyonna lisaala, nga zino z'embeera ebbiri ez'amadinda mangi aga Afirica. https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=cu/lon1

Amadinda kyali kivuga kikulu mu kkooti y’obwakabaka bwa Buganda, obwakabaka obusangibwa mu Uganda. Ekika ky’empulikika eky’enjawulo kati kikozesebwa ku madinda gano, nga kirimu ennamba n'ebiseera. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/719112/African-music/57086/Interlocking#ref=ref519777 nga bwe kiri ne ku madinda agayitibwa embaire, nga kino kika ekisibuka mu bukiikaddyo bwa Uganda . 

Balo

Balo ( balenjeh, behlanjeh ) kino kika ekikozesebwa mu bantu b’e Mandinka mu bugwanjuba bwa Africa. Ebisumuluzo byakyo biteekebwa ku nsaasi, era kikubwa n'obuti nga bulina emitwe emikole mu labba. Abakubi bakyo batera okwambala mu ngalo obude obwekyuma ku mikono gyabwe busobole okuvaamu amaloboozi nga nwe bakuba. https://web.archive.org/web/20070627205236/http://www.dspace.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/1240

Amadinda G'abazungu

Amadinda okusooka okwogerwako mu Bulaaya kwali mu kitabo kya Arnolt Schlick ekya Spiegel der Orgelmacher und Organisten (1511), gye gyitibwa hültze glechter ("okuwuuma kw'embaawo"). https://web.archive.org/web/20180430183151/https://www.vsl.co.at/en/Xylophone/History https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_Grove_Dictionary_of_Music_and_Musicians Waliwo ennyinnyonnyola endala ezikwata ku kivuga kino, wadde ng'ekigambo "amadinda" tekyakozesebwa okutuuka mu myaka gya 1860. https://books.google.com/books?id=7EYFAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA2-PA152 Ekivuga kino kyali kikwatagana nnyo n'ennyimba z'ekinnansi ez'amasekkati ga Bulaaya, naddala mu Poland n'obuvanjuba bwa Bugirimaani. Ekika ekyasooka kyali mu Slovakia https://theoryofmusic.wordpress.com/page/176/ : 98. Ekivuga ekyali kisimbuddwa mu kkyo kyajjira mu kyasa eky’ekkumi n’ena. https://web.archive.org/web/20070813000208/http://www.concertgoersguide.org/onstage/instruments/thexylophone.php

Okusooka okukozesa amadinda mu kibiina ky'abayimbi n'abakubi b'ebivuga Abazungu kwali mu Camille Saint-Saëns’ Danse Macabre, mu 1874. http://www.madehow.com/Volume-6/Xylophone.html Mu kiseera ekyo, ekivuga kino kyali ky'amanyizibwa dda Michael Josef Gusikov okutuuka ku ddaala erimu,  nga ekivuga ekikye kyali ky'amadinda agaalina enkuubo ettaano agaakolebwa mu mbaawo 28 nga zisengekeddwa mu semitones mu ngeri ya trapezoid era nga zitudde ziwaniriddwa obuntu obulinda obuseke. Tewaaliwo byongera ku maloboozi era nga gakubibwa mangu n’obuti obwali bufaanana ng’ejiiko. Okusinziira ku mukugu mu by’ennyimba Curt Sachs, Gusikov yayimbira mu bivvulu by’omu bifo awawummulirwa, mu ndaga ez’enjawulo, era ng’ekikolwa eky'enjawulo mu bivvulu eby'amaloboozi.

Amadinda g'omu bazungu gaakozesebwanga bbandi za jjaazi ezaasooka, ne mu vaudeville . Eddoboozi ly'ago eriwulikika obulungi ly'akolanga bulungi mu nnyimba z’emyaka gya 1920 ne 1930. Red Norvo, George Cary, George Hamilton Green, Teddy Brown, Harry Breuer ne Harry Robbins be bamu ku bakubi baago abaali bamanyiddwa ennyo. Ekiseera bwe kyagenda kiyitawo, wajjawo ekika ky'ekivuga ekyali ekiyitibwa metal-key vibraphone, eky'agayitako mu kwatiikirira nga kino kyakolebwa mu myaka gya 1920. Ekika ky'amadinda oba xylophone gye gaagenda gakendeera gaafuuka marimba era ne gayitibwa xylorimba .

Mu kugaba obubonero mu bivuga, xylophone esobola okwogerwako Abafalansa aba claquebois, Abagirimaani aba Holzharmonika (mu bufunze "ekivuga eky'embaawo"), oba Silofono mu Yitale. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Sadie Shostakovich yali ayagala nnyo ekivuga kino; kirina emirimu egy’amaanyi mu mirimu gye mingi, omuli n’ennyimba ze ezisinga obungi eza symphony ne Cello Concerto No. 2 ye. Xylophone era ekola kinene mu mazina ga Khachaturian aga Sabre Dance . Abazannyi ba xylophone ab’omulembe guno kuliko Bob Becker, Evelyn Glennie ne Ian Finkel.

Mu Amerika, waliyo bbandi za marimba ez’e Zimbabwe ezisinga obungi mu Pacific Northwest, Colorado, ne New Mexico, naye bbandi ziriyo okuva ku lubalama lw’ebugwanjuba okuyita mu California n’okutuuka e Hawaii ne Alaska. Omukolo omukulu mu ekitundu gwe gwa ZimFest, ekivvulu ky’ennyimba eky'abantu abava mu Zimbabwe ekitegekebwa buli mwaka. Bbandi zino zirina ebivuga okuva ku soprano eya waggulu, okutuuka ku soprano eya wansi, tenor, baritone ne bass. Eby'ongera ku maloboozi bitera okukolebwa nga birina obutuli obubikkiddwa ne cellophane omutono (efaananako ne balafon ) okusobola okutuuka ku ddoboozi erisaala. Amazina n'ennyimba n'ebiragibwa ebirala ebya bbandi za  Amerika bitera okuba n’okukwatagana okunene, olw’okuba nga biva wa muntu omu omuyimbi  Omuzimbabwe ayitibwa Dumisani Maraire, eyali omuntu omukulu eyasooka okuleeta ennyimba ezo eza Zimbabwe mu mawanga g’Obugwanjuba, ng’ajja mu Yunivasite y’e Washington mu 1968.