Matoke

Matoke, mu kitundu era gamanyiddwa nga 

matooke, amatooke mu Buganda (Central Uganda), ekitookye mu bukiikaddyo bw’amaserengeta ga Uganda, ekitooke mu maserengeta ga Uganda, kamatore mu Lugisu ( Eastern Uganda ), ebitooke mu bukiikakkono bw’amaserengeta ga Tanzania, igitoki mu Rwanda, Burundi era n’erinnya ly’ekika kya East African Highland banana, kibiina kya starchy triploid ebika by’amatooke, ebisibuka ku nnyanja Ennene mu Afirika . Ekibala kikungulwa nga kya kiragala, ne kiwaatibwa n’obwegendereza, oluvannyuma ne kifumbibwa era ebiseera ebisinga kifumbibwa oba kinyigibwa nefuuka emmere. Mu Uganda ne Rwanda, ekibala kino kifumbibwa ku nku(firewood), era emmere efumbiddwa etwalibwa ng’emmere y’eggwanga mu mawanga gombi. 

Matoke kirime kya mmere ekikulu  mu Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania  n’amawanga amalala aga Great Lakes. Era zimanyiddwa nga ekibinja ekitono ekya Mutika/Lujugira.

Ebibala ebya kiragala eby’obunene obwa wakati, nga bino bya kibinja kya matooke ekigere,  East African Highland ( Musa AAA-EA),   Mgenzi, S.R.B., Mshaghuley, I.M., Staver, C. and Nkuba, J.M. 2005. A study on the analysis of Musa processing businesses and their support environment in Tanzania. A paper presented to the Musa processing businesses and their support environment workshop, Manila, Philippines 10-13 Oct. 2005. INIBAP [online], accessed 2011 June 14 from: . bimanyiddwa mu nnimi z’Ababantu mu Uganda ne Western Kenya nga matoke .

Okufumba amatooke kubadewo ebbanga ela nga kirime kya bulijjo okwetooloola ekitundu ky’ennyanja Victoria mu Kenya ne Uganda, ne mu bitundu by’amaserengeta ne Kilimanjaro mu Tanzania. 

 Okunnyonnyola 
Mu Uganda, amatooke (ebitooke bya East African Highland bananas) byangu okweyawula ku bika ebirala eby’amatooke olw’obubonero obungi obuddugavu (oba obumyufu obwekatikati oba obw’ekikomo) obulabika ku bikuta byabyo (pseudostems), ne bibifuula okufaanana ng’ekyuma ekisengejjedde. Ekikuta ekisinga okuba kungulu kiba kya kiragala kya wakati (medium green), naye wansi waakyo wabaawo ebikuta eby’erangi ya pink oba kakobe.. 

Ebikoola byago nabyo biba bya kiragala omukwafu ala, enjawulo esinga kweyolekera bw’obigeraageranya ku mabbali n’ebika by’amatooke  ebirala ng’obilabila ewala . 

Ekimuli kino kirina ebikoola ebibikkiddwa enviiri enzirugavu. Ebikoola biba bya kikula kya ovate okutuuka ku lanceolate nga ebweru biba bya kakobe okutuuka ku kitaka ate munda nga bimyufu nga bizikira okutuuka ku kyenvu nga byolekedde omusingi. Ebimuli ebisajja biba ebya langi ya kizigo nga biriko ebitundu bya kyenvu. Ensigo za pinki, ate Obukoloboze  bwa kacungwa. 

.Ebibala byazo bikotoggerera  era bisobola okwawukana obuwanvu. Biba bifulumye  nga birina entikko ezitategedde .Ekitundu ketooke ekyawaakati  kya langi njelu nga ebibala tebinnaba kwengera, ate nga byengeredde biba bya kirimu .
Amatooke ga East African Highland ga  bika bya mirundi esatu ( AAA ). Erinnya lyabwe ekitongole ye Musa acuminata Colla (AAA-EA). Ebigambo ebikwatagana nabyo mulimu Musa brieyi De Wild . Omuzadde waabwe ku kitaawe ye kika kyamatooke eky'omusaayi ( M. acuminata ssp. zebrina ) eby'ekika ky'amatooke eby'omu nsiko Musa acuminata . 

Amatokke ga East African Highland kibinja kitono ekitegeeza ebika by’amatooke nga 200 ssekinnoomu (oba clones).  Ziyinza okwawulwamu ebibinja bitaano eby’enjawulo ebya clones ebimanyiddwa nga clone sets okusinziira ku nkozesa yazo:

 Mbidde oba bbiya clone set

 Seti ya Mbidde clone erimu ebika 14. Mbidde kitegeeza ‘bbiya’, era clones ezibeera mu clone set eno zitera okukozesebwa okukola bbiya w’amatooke .  Ebikuta byazo bikaawa era biwunya nga bivaamu ebifuluma ebya kitaka ebikwatagana. 

 Nakitembe clone set
 Nakabululu clone set

 Nakabululu clones gonvu mubutonde bwago ate nga gawooma. Gakula mangu, naye ebibala byago biba bitono ate okutwalira awamu eminwe giba mitono ku buli nkota. 

 Musakala clone set

 Musakala clones zimanyiddwa olw’ebibala ebigonvu nga biriko ensongezi eziri mu bulago bw’eccupa. Engeri endala ze zimu ne seti za clone essatu ezisoose. 

 Nfuuka clone set

 Nfuuka clones zimanyiddwa olw’ebibala ebifuukuuse, ebyetooloovu oba kumpi ebya nneekulungirivu nga biriko ensongezi eziri wakati. Enkula y’ekibinja okusinga ya nneekulungirivu. Engeri endala ze zimu ne seti za clone endala.  Ye esinga okuba ey’enjawulo ku seti za clone ettaano, ekiyinza okuva ku mpisa yaayo ey’okukyusakyusa emirundi mingi. Zivamu ebitooke ebizito ebinywevu era bwe kityo zitera okwetanilwa ennyo mu by’obusuubuzi okusinga seti endala eza clone. 
 Mbwazirume
 Musakala
 Kibuzi
 Mpologoma
 sukaali ndiizi
 Kawanda

Amannya g’ebitundu agasukka mu 500 ge gamanyiddwa olw’ebika okuva mu kibinja ekitono ekya EAHB. 

 Ensibuko n’okusaasaana 
Amatooke ga East African Highland gayingizibwa nga bukyali mu Afirika okuva mu Southeast Asia mu kyasa ekyasooka okutuuka ku kyasa eky’omukaaga AD, oboolyawo nga biyita mu busuubuzi.  Mu nkula  yabyo eyaawukana  ku bika ebirala ebya AAA, nga zikula mu kitundu mu kitundu ky’ennyanja Ennene mu Afirika okumala emyaka egisukka mu lukumi. Tezisangibwa walala wonna mu nsi, era ennyanja ennene eza Afrika zibadde ziyitibwa ekifo eky’okubiri eky’eamatooke  ag’enjawulo olw’ensonga eno (nga Southeast Asia y’esoose). Amatooke  ga East African Highland gatwalibwa okuba ag'enjawulo naddala mu Uganda, Burundi ne Rwanda .    Ekibinja ky’obuzaale bw’amatooke  eby’ekika kya triploid East African Highland kyava mu kiseera kimu eky’okugatta, ekyaleetawo obuzibu bw’obuzaale mu kiseera ky’okutandikawo obuzaale bw’ebirime. Amatooke agekika kya Triploid East African Highland tegarina buwuka, era bibadde bisaasaanyizibwa mu ngeri etali ya kwegatta okumala emirembe emirembe gy’abalimi egy’omuddiring’anwa okuva lwe byayingizibwa mu Afrika. Kino kirabika kivuddeko okuvaayo kw’enkyukakyuka z’omubiri (genetically near-isogenic somatic mutants) (kwe kugamba ebika by’ebijanjaalo eby’omu East African Highland ebya leero) ebisunsuddwa abalimi n’obutonde okwetoloola East Africa. 

 Obukulu mu by’enfuna 
Amatooke ga East African Highland kye kimu ku birime ebikulu eby’emmere mu kitundu ky’ennyanja ennene mu Afrika naddala mu Uganda, Tanzania, Kenya, Burundi, ne Rwanda. Buli muntu alya amatooke buli mwaka mu Uganda y’esinga mu nsi yonna ng’erina 0.70 kkiro (1.5 lb) buli lunaku, buli muntu.  Nga mw’otwalidde Rwanda ne Burundi, enkozesa eri nga 250 to 400 kkiro (550 okutuuka ku 880 lb) buli muntu buli mwaka (amatooke nga bisatu ku 11 buli lunaku).  Uganda ye nsi eyookubiri mu kulima amatooke mu nsi yonna. Wabula y’emu ku zisinga obutono okutunda ebweru w’eggwanga, ng’ebirime bino bisinga kukozesebwa mu ggwanga. 

Amatooke ga East African Highland makulu nnyo ng'ebirime by'emmere, erinnya ly'ekitundu matoke (oba okusinga matooke ) likwatagana n'ekigambo "emmere" mu Uganda. Ekirala, ekitundu ku kumatooke ga East African Highland gamanyiddwa mu kitundu kino nga mbidde bye bikozesebwa okukola omubisi ne bbiya.  

 Okuteekateeka emmere. 
Matoke gawatibwa nakambe, ne gasanikibwa mu ndagala (oba obuveera),ne mu sepiki  mu kiyungu eky’okufumba ( Oluswayiri : sufuria ) waggulu,endagala zesisanika .. Oluvannyuma esefuliya elimu emeere eteekebwa ku muliro ogw’amanda oba enku ne gafumbirwa [matooke] okumala essaawa bbiri oba ssatu. Ebikolokomba babiteka wansi mu sefuliya (cooking pot) yokufumba . Ebikolokomba ebiri wansi w’esefuliya bikuuma emeere ezingiddwa mu bikoola waggulu w’amazzi agookya. Matoke gabela meru ate nga gakaluba, ela  okufumba kugafuula okuba nga gagonda ate  nga ga kyenvu. Olwo amatooke baganyiga nga  gakyali mungagala ela nga bagabulira kululagala lwebatanafumbisa. Gatela  okuliibwa ne  nva endiirwa,enva zebinyeebwa oba ekika ky’ennyama yonna ( embuzi oba ennyama y’ente ). [ <span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2020)">okujuliza kwetaagisa</span> ]

Matooke era bagakozesa okukola ekijjulo ky'ekyenkya ekimanyiddwa nga akatogo mu Uganda .  Akatogo katera okufumbibwa ng'a kagattiddwa mu amatooke amawate nga mulimu ebinyeebwa oba ennyama y'ente, wadde ng'a olumu mubamu ebyenda byente  oba ennyama y'embuzi nayo etera okukozesebwa.. 

Mu Bukoba, Tanzania, matoke (oba ebitooke ) bagafumba n’ennyama oba ebyenyanja ebikalu, ebinyeebwa oba ebijanjalo . Enkola eno emalawo obwetaavu bw’okuteekateekaenva ez’enjawulo. Mu nkola eno, amatooke tebaganyiga. Okutuuka ku ntandikwa y’emyaka gya 1980, eno  emmere eyali esinga   okuliibwa mu Bukoba era yaliibwanga  omwaka gwonna. [ <span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2020)">okujuliza kwetaagisa</span> ]

 Laba ne 

 Eryenvu
 Okufumba plantain
 Emmere ya Burundi
 Emmere ya Rwanda
 Emmere ya Uganda
 Olukalala lw'emmere y'Afirika
 Ensigo ya Plantain
 Ebibinja by’ebika by’ebijanjaalo
 Enset
 Musa balbisiana
 Empogola

 Ebiwandiiko ebikozesebwa 
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3.Karamura, D. and Mgenzi, B. 2004. On-farm conservation of Musa diversity in the Great Lakes region of East Africa. African Crop Science Journal 12(1):75-83.

4.Karamura, D., Mgenzi, B., Karamura, E. and Sharrock, S. 2004. Exploiting indigenous knowledge for the management and maintenance of Musa biodiversity on-farm. African Crop Science Journal 12(1).

5.Mgenzi, S.R.B., Mshaghuley, I.M., Staver, C. and Nkuba, J.M. 2005. A study on the analysis of Musa processing businesses and their support environment in Tanzania. A paper presented to the Musa processing businesses and their support environment workshop, Manila, Philippines 10-13 Oct. 2005. INIBAP [online], accessed 2011 June 14 from: .

6.Raschke, V., Oltersdorf, U., Elmadfa, I., Wahlqvist, M.L., Cheema, B.S.B. and Kouris-Blazos, A. 2007. Content of a novel online collection of traditional east African food habits (1930s – 1960s): data collected by the Max-Planck-Nutrition Research Unit, Bumbuli, Tanzania. Asia Pac. J. Clin. Nutr. 16(1):140-151 [online]. Accessed 2011 June 14 from: http://apjcn.nhri.org.tw/server/APJCN/Volume16/vol16.1/Finished/Raschke.pdf.

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13.Kitavi M, Downing T, Lorenzen J, Karamura D, Onyango M, Nyine M, Ferguson M, Spillane C. The triploid East African Highland Banana (EAHB) genepool is genetically uniform arising from a single ancestral clone that underwent population expansion by vegetative propagation. Theoretical and applied genetics. 2016 Mar 1;129(3):547-61.

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Category:Pages with unreviewed translations