Lwaki Tukuuma Obuwangaaliro bwaffe(Why we should Protetct our Emvironment)

Gakuweebwa Muwanga! : Bye tuganyulwa mu kukuuma obuwangaaliro obw’Obutonde

 (i) Obuwangaaliro bwe bukola Ebiwangaaliro byaffe (the Environment makes our Habitats)

Kkiriza oba gaana “obuwangaaliro obw’obutoonde” (the natural environment)  bwe tulabye wagulu ebiramu byonna mwe bisanga ebiwagaaliro byabyo.

Obuwangaaliro n’Ekiwangaaliro biwulikika ng’emiramwa gye gimu naye gyawukanamu mu makulu. Obuwangaaliro mulamwa oguva mu bigambo by’oluganda “obutonde bw’ensi mwe tuwangaalira”, ekitegeeza obutonde bw’ensi mwe tubeera.

“Ekiwangaaliro “ mu lamwa oguva mu bigambo by’oluganda “ekifo ebiramu mwe biwangaalira”  , ekitegeeza ekifo ebiramu mwe bibeera. Awo okiraba nti 

•	Ekiwangaaliro (habitat) kibuuza ekibuuzo: Kiki ? eky’okuddami kiba “kifo”
•	Obuwangaaliro (environment) bubuuza ekibuuzo: Buki ? eky’okuddamu kiba “butonde bwa Nsi”(the natural world)
Waliwo akatwate akatasattulurwa wakati w’emiramwa obuwangaaliro (environment) n’ekiwangaaliro (habitat). Bino by’ebiwangaaliro by’ebiramu, ntegeeza ebifo ebiramu eby’enjawulo mwe bibeera okusinziira ku byetaago byabyo eby’obutonde.

(a)	Olukalu. Bwe twogera ku biwangaaliro byo ku lukalu(dryland) tutegeeza:
•	Ettale n’Olusaalu.
•	Eddungu n’ebitundu ebitatonnyamu nnyo nkuba
•	Amabira

(b)	Semazzi . Bwe twogera ku semazzi tutegeeza :

•	Emigga n’ennyanja
•	Ssemayanja ne waluyanja
•	Entobazi
•	Emyala n’enzizi.

Obuwangaaliro bw’ensolo ezo mu nsiko

Ensolo eziwangaalira mu bibira ne ku miti:
•	Enkima(monkeys)
•	Amazike(Chimpanzes)
•	Ebisodde(guerillas)
•	Ebinyonyi (Birds)
•	Ebisaanyi n’ebiwojjolo
•	Ensiringanyi
•	Ebiwuka
•	Obulamu obusirikitu
Ensolo eziwangaalira mu ttale n’ensaalo	
Muno mulimu ensolo enkambwe nga:
•	Engo,
•	Enjovu
•	Empologoma
•	Ebibe
•	Embizzi ezo mu nsiko
•	Ebinyonyi
Ensolo eziwangaalira mu Semazzi
•	Ebyanyanja
•	Lukwata  
•	Amakovu
•	Lubbira nga goonya , emisota
•	Enkula
Ensolo eziwangaalira mu Ntobazi
•	Ebyenyanja nga ensonzi n’emmamba
•	Ebinyonyi
•	Lubbira nga goonya

Ensolo eziwangaalira mu ddungu
Muno mulimu ensolo ezigumiora embeera ey’amazzi amatono ez’enjawulo

Ebiwangaaliro by’ensolo z’awaka
(Habitats of domestic animals) 

“Ekiyumba ky’embizzi” (sty/pen) ky’ekifo omukuumirwa embizzi  
“Ekiraalo ky’Ente” (shed/kraal) kye kifo awakuumirwa ente  
“Akayumba k’embwa” (kennel) ky’ekifo embwa we zikuumirwa 

Ensolo zo mu Nsiko (Wild animal)
Ensolo ezo mu nsiko zisangibwa mu bibira ne mu ttale ate endala zesimira obunnya mu ttaka (burrowing). Ensolo ezisima obuwangaaliro bwazo mu ttaka (burrow) nga emmese (rats), obumyu (rabbits), squirrels (kaamugye), n’endala.

Ebinyonyi n’Ebiwuka (Birds and insects)
Waliwo ebinyonyi bya’waka nga enkoko, sekkokko, embaata n’ebirara.

Ebiwuka (Insects)

Ebiwuka birimu enkuyege, ensanafu, enkuyege, enjuki, kalalankoma, n’ebiwojjolo.   
Ebisonjozo by’ebiwuka:
-	Okutambulira mu bibinja nga mu njuki (bees) n’ebikennembi (black ants).
-	Eziruma nga kalalankoma n’enjuki. 
-	Ebiwuka ebimu birina ebiwawaatiro nga ensenene (grasshpeers), ebiyenje (coacroaches) n’enswera (houseflies). 
-	Ebiwuka ebimu tebirina biwawaatiro. Eky’okulabirako ebivunyu (larva) oba ebisaanyi (caterpillars).
-	Ebiwuka ebimu birina amagulu mukaaga. Eky’okulabirako enjuki ne kalalangkoma. 

Ebiwangaaliro (Habitats) by’ebiwuka birimu: 
Kasasiro (rubbish pits), ebiswa (anthills), mu ttaka, n’ebimera 

Endabirira y’ebiwuka, ebinyonyi n’ebisolo 
Enjuki bazikolera ekiyitibwa omuzinga (bee hive)
Okusimba emiti oba ebimera egy’ebimuli okuva omubisi gw’ebiwuka (nectar)
Ebiwuka byetaaga awali amazi ag’okunywa 
Ebiwuka byagala ebiwoomerea (sweet things) 

Endabirira y’ensolo n’ebinyonyi by’awaka 
	Okulaba nga bifuna  eby’okulya 
	Okubijanjaba nga birwadde 
	Okulabirira eiwangaalira byabyo (their habitats).
	Okukuuma amagi n’ebito byabyo 
	Okulongoosa ebiwangaaliro byazo buli lunaku.
	Kuuma ebitabo (Keeping records) by’ebinyoni n’ebis.
Endabirira y’ebinyonyi n’ensolo ezo mu nsiko 
	Obutasanyaawo biwangaaliro byabyo ng’emiti n’ebimera okuyita mu kwokya ensiko n’okutema emiti n’entobazi
	Obutabisanyaawo nga tubiyigga olw’ennyama yabyo. Tulunde ebisolo eby’okulya.
	Okulaba nga ebisolo ebiri mu makuumiro g’ebisoro (protected areas) bifuna eby’okulya, obukuumi, n’obujanjabi

 (ii) Entababimera  mwe muva emmere y’Ebiramu(Vegattaion is Food for animals)

Ensolo ezitalina bwa kalimagezi ziyigga emmere yazo mu ntababimera n’ensolo endala  eziriwo mu butonde.

Entababimera omuntu mwe yajja emmere ey’enjawulo ey’okulya kyokka omuntu obutaba nga nsolo ndala tanoonyereza bya kulya mu nsiko wabula yasalaopw okulima n’okulunda ebyokulya bye .

Ebirime bimera ebikuzibwa olw’emmere, ebyaffuta (fuel), okujanjabisa (medicine), ebiwuzi, oba okukozesebwa mu makolero (raw materials).
Ebirime (crops) bikuzibwa (are cultivated) ne bikungulwa nga bikuze okubikozesa nga emmere oba okutundibwa.  Ebimera mwe tujja   ebirime nga bino:

Lumonde (potatoe), muwogo (cassava), kasooli (maize), amayuuni (yams), ebijanjaalo (beans), apo (apples), ebinyeebwa (ground nuts), emiyembe (mangoes), jackfruit (ffene), n’ebirala ndulundu.


Ennima y’ebirime (Crop growing practices):

(a) Okuteekateeka ettaka (Clearing of land) okuyita mu:
•	Kusaawa ebisiko
•	Okulima nga tukuba amavuunike n’okukabala (ploughing) 
(b) Okusiga (Planting). Kino kikolebwa okuyita mu:
•	Okusimba mu nnyiriri (row planting)
•	Okusimba nga tumansa (Broadcasting) ensigo mu nnimiro 
•	Okusimbuliza ebirime (transplanting )

Okulabirira ebimera (Caring for plants):
Okulabirira ebimera oba ebirime kyetaagisa ebikozesebwa mu nnimiro (garden tools) nga enkumbi, enso (slashers), ejjambiya (pangas), najjolo, n’ebirala ebikozesebwa.

Okulabirira kikolebwa nga:

•	Okukoola (weeding)
•	Okukendeeza emirandiora n’amatabi (pruning) thinning, 
•	Okubikka (mulching)
•	Okuyusiriza ebimera (crop rotation)
•	Okukungula (harvesting)
•	Okutereka ebikungule (storing)

Okumeruka (germination)

Okumera (Germination) y’engeri ekimera gye kikulamu okuva mu nsigo okufuuka ekimera. Okumeruka kw’ekimera kuyita mu mitendera nga gino egy’ekijanjaalo:	

Embeera ezetaagisa okumerusa ensigo 
(Conditions for seed germination);
•	Tempulikya eyekigero (desired temperature)  eno ng’eba ya bbugumu (warmth)
•	Amazzi ag’ekigero (adequate water).
•	Amazzi ag’ekigero (adequate water).
•	Okisigyeni ey’ekigero (adequate air ).

 (iii) Obuwangaaliro mwe tujja ebyobugagga ebyetaagisa mu kutondeka   (to produce) bye twetaaga

Ebikolebwamu ebintu bye twetaaga mu bulamu mulimu: 

(a)	Ebyobugagga ebiva mu bimera:

•	Ebisansa (palm leaves) bikola emikeeka, enkuffiira n’ebikapu (mats, huts, and bags).
•	Ebyayi bikola ebitone n’ebizannyisibwa ng’emipiira egy’ebyayi.
•	Waya (wires), pulasitiika, n’obuseke (straws) zirukibwamu ebintu.
•	Ebirime birongoosebwa okukola omubisi (juice), n’emmere enkalu

Ebyo biyinza okutundibwa, okuliibwa, okuzannyisibwa, n’okuyiga.
Omwana ayinza okuyigirizibwa okukola 
-	Emigwa (ropes) okuva mu bigoogwa (sisal).
-	Emipiira n’emikeeka okuva mu byayi (fibres) 
-	Ebibumbe okuva mu bbumba 
-	Omubisi okuva mu mikyungwa, enniimu, obutunda, ennanansi, n’obutunda.

Ate era tuyinza okuddamu ne tukozesa buto ebitondeko ebikaddiye (old products) ne tukola kando, ebyokuzannyisa ebya pulasitiika, ensawo, n’ebirala. 

(b)	Ebyobugagga ebiva mu ttaka
•	Ebyuma
•	Amafuta aga nakavundira
•	Amazzi
•	Ebbumba
•	Omusenyu
•	Layimu avaamu sementi

(iv) Obuwangaaliro bw’obutonde mwe tujja Amasoboza (Energy)	

Amasoboza (Energy) bwe busobozi okukola omulimu.Amasoboza kiva mu kugattika (blending) ebigambo by’oluganda “amaanyi agasobozesa” okukola omulimu. 

Ensibuko z’amasoboza ez’obutonde zirimu:

•	Ekitangaala ky’enjuba(sunlight)
•	Empewo(wind)
•	Amazzi (water)

Ensibuko z’amasoboza ezikolebwa omuntu (artificial sources) 
-	Ebyaffuta (Fuel) nga ddizero (diesel) petulooli (petrol) ebikozesebwa okutambuza ebidduka n’ebitondekamaanyi (machines) endala. 
-	Amasannyalze g’enjuba (Solar electricity) okuwa ekitangaala ennyanguyirizi n’ebirala.
-	Amafuta g’ettala ne sitoovu ezifumbirwako.
-	Enku (wood/fireawood), amanda (charcoal), n’ebyanda (coal) eby’okufumbisa.
-	Amasannyalaze ag’amasoboza ag’amazzi (Hydro electricity) agakozesebwa mu makolero mumaka ne mu malwariro.  

Engeri z’okukekkereza amasoboza (saving energy)

Okukekkereza amasoboza tuyinza okukozesa:
•	Sitoovu ezikekkereza amasoboza(energy saving stoves)
•	Bbalibbu ezikekkereza amasoboza (energysaving bulbs).
•	Nga tujjako ebikozesa amasannyalze nga tumaze okubikozesa.
•	Zikiza omuliro nga omaze okufumba 
•	Okuba nga tuba tusimba emiti emito (planting young trees).

Omugaso gw’okukekkereza amasoboza (saving energy)
i.	Obutadibuuda (wastage)
ii.	Okulokola ebisale
Obuvune obuyinza okuva mu nkozesa y’amasoboza (energy use)
1)	Waya ezitali nkugire (Lives wires) ziyinza okukubisa n’okuttisa abantu amasannyalaze (electrocute).
2)	Amasoboza g’empewo agasukkulumye gatambuza oluyiira nga omuliro gukutte F
3)	Amasoboza ag’omusana omungi guleeta ekyeeeya (drought).
Okwewala obubenje bw’amasoboza (avoiding dangers of energy use).
-	Simba emiti okukendeeza amaanyi g’embuyaga (wind breakers).
-	Tokoleeza muliro kuguzannyisa 
-	Toyingiza bintu bya kyuma nga emisumaali mu soketi za masannyalaze (into electricity sockets). (Electricity wires).
-	Yiga we bakozesa enzikizamuliro(fire extinguishers)