Vayiraasi (Virus))

IALI NGO has been authorized by  Termonologist Charles Muwanga to post articles from his Luganda scientific translations on Luganda wikipedia for free public consumption.

"Vayiraasi" ( Viruses)

Bannasayansi abamu bagamba nti akaramu akasirikitu akayitibwa vayiraasi kayinza okuba nga si  kintu ekiramu ekyetengeredde. Wansi ka tukulage ki vayiraasi kye zisobola okukola ne ki kye zitasobola. Mu bye zisobola okukola mwe muli: 

b)	 Tebusobola kuzaala ku bwabwo. Ziba zirina okukola okulumba obutaffaali bw’ekiramu mwe buli olwo obutaffaali buno obulimbiddwa ne buyamba okwabuluza mu vayiraasi endala.

c)	Tebuva mu mbeera lu kintu kyonna. Bukola ogwabwo oba busaanawo.

d)	Tebulina bitundu bya njawulo kukola mirimu gya njawulo nga mu bitaffaali obumu. Vayiraasi tezirina nnyukiriyaasi, mitokyandira yadde libosomu. Vayiraasi ezimu tezirina na nakazzi (cytoplasm).  Kyokka olina okumanya nti vayiraasi ziri bwe ziti:

e)	Zirinawo ebitundu ebyetaagisa nga akatundu akatini ak’endagabutonde (DNA oba RNA (si byombi). Akawuzi ako aka asidi wa nnyukirayiki ke kakola obulamu bwa vayiraasi.

f)	Zirina olububi lw’ekizimbamubiri (protein coat) okukuuma asidi ya nnyukirayiki. Olububi luno luyitibwa kapuseedi (capsid). Kapuseedi ekuuma amakkati ga vayiraasi kyokka ate era y’eyamba okulumba obutaffaali obupya. Vayiraasi ezimu zirina olubaaso (envelope) luno nga lububi olulala olukolebwa lipidi n’ebizimba mubiri mu ngeri y’emu akatoffaali aka bulijjo bwe kabeera.Olubaaso luyamba vayiraasi okuyingirira ensengekera awatali kukettebwa kwonna, ne kiyamba vayiraasi okulumba obutaffaali obupya mu kiramu mw’eba y’egiriisiza. 

Vayiraasi zirimu ebika ebikulu bisatu nga bw’onoyiga gye bujja. Mu butuufu, vayiraasi (viruses) tezili wansi wa bwakabaka bwa monera nga bakitiria naye busirikitu nga bakitiria ate yadde tezibalibwa mu bilamu zireeta endwadde mu bantu. Vayiraaasi busirikitu butalina butaffaali era tebubalibwa mu biramu naye bulina obusobozi okweyubula (repricate themselves) munda mu butaffaali bw’ebiramu. 

Vayiraasi tezirina mutereezabulamu w’amasoboza (energy metabolism) nga bwe kiri mu bitonde ebirala, tezikula, tezivaamu kazambi, tezisitimuka (hey do not respond to stimuli) era tezezaala mu bwetengerevu . N’olweekyo tezibalibwa mu biramu. 

Obuziba bwazo bulimu DNA oba RNA nga bwetoololeddwa olububi lwa ebizimbamubili (coating of protein). Amakkati ga vayilaasi omusangibwa obuteleke (genes) ye genomu (genome), ate bbulangiti ya kizimbamubiri (protein coating) luyitibwa kapisaidi (capsid). Vayiraasi zirina enkula ezizaawula. Vayiraasi ezimu zirina enkula ya mpuyiabiri (icosahedron), ezirimu mpetosatu eya nakyenkanyi (equilateral triangles). Endala zirina enkula y’amakata (a helix).Vayiraasi ze zireeta namusuna (chickenpox)
, lebbiizi (rabies), mulangira/olukusense (measles), ne sennyiga (influenza)