Okubala

Gakuweebwa Charles Muwanga !! “Okubala” (to count)  kuba kusengeka namba ezibala (counting numbers), zino nga ze namba enzijuvu (whole numbers) oba namba kennyini (real  numbers) nga 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,………okweyongerayo ewatali kkomo(into infinity)nga oyatula .

Ebyafaayo bya sessomo ly’ekibalangulo bitandika na byafaayo bya namba na kubala okukozesa namba okusinziira ku buwangwa obw’obulabufu ngamu  Bagereeki, Abarooma, Bukyayina, Buyindi, Bulaaya n’ebitundu ebimu mu afirika ey’abaddugavu. 

Okubala kutandika na kuyiga kusengka namba (arranging numbers or Ordering Numbers)okuva kw'esembayo omuwendo omutono okweyongerayo mu maaso mu nziringana erinnya(ascending order)

Okuteeka namba mu nziring'anya erinnya, tandikira ku esembayo obutono okutuuka ku esingayo obunene.

Entandikwa y’ekibalangulo eri mu kuyiga kubala .Okubala kuba kusoma na kuwandiika namba enzijuvu:

i.	Okuva ku ziro okutuuka ku kumi 

0,	1,	2, 	3, 	4,	5,	6,	7,	8,	9,	10

ii.	Okuva ku kumi okutuuka ku kikumi
10,		20,	30,	30,	40,	50, _____,_____, _____ 100

iii.	Okuva ku kikumi okutuuka ku lukumi
100, 200,   300,   400,	_____, _____, _____, 1000

“Okubala” (to count)  kuba kusengeka namba ezibala (counting numbers), zino nga ze namba enzijuvu (whole numbers) oba namba kennyini (real  numbers) nga 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,………okweyongerayo ewatali kkomo(into infinity).

Ebyafaayo bya sessomo ly’ekibalangulo bitandika na byafaayo bya namba na kubala okukozesa namba okusinziira ku buwangwa obw’obulabufu ngamu  Bagereeki, Abarooma, Bukyayina, Buyindi, Bulaaya n’ebitundu ebimu mu afirika ey’abaddugavu. 

Abagezigezi ababalanguzi abasooka, basooka okwebuuza ku:

	"Ki ekibeerawo nga omuntu abala kiddanyuma okuyita mu zeero?
	"Buwanvo” (disitansi) ki obuliwo okuyita  munsittalo  ya kyebiriga? 
	Emikutule (emiwendo emikutuleremu) bwe giba namba, giyinza okugattibwa, okwawulibwa, okugabizibwamu oba okukubisibwamu? 

Ebibuuzo nga bino byaleetawo obutakkaanya mu babalanguzi abasooka era abo abatandikanga okubuuza ebibuuzo ebyo ne basekererwa ng’abamu babayita bagwi ba ddalu oba bambulwabikolwa kyokka ne bivaamu okutuuka ku kituufu. Baatandika okukuba empawa n’okukola ebigambululo(statements)  nga:

	Namba za pozitiivu zivaako namba za negatiivu?
	Kyebiriga zivaako emirandira gya kyebiriga?

Okubala Namba n’Omuwendo gw’Ekifo

“Okubala”(to count)  kuba kusengeka namba ezibala era eziyitibwa eza kibazo (counting numbers), zino nga ze namba enzijuvu (whole numbers) oba namba kennyini (real  numbers) nga 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11, 12,……okweyongerayo ewatali kkomo (into infinity).

Okubala ppaka ku kkumi:

1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10
Emu	Bbiri	Satu	Nnya	Ttaano	Mukaaga	Musanvu	Munaana	Mwenda	kkumi

Okubala ng’obusaamu 

	“Okubala ng’obusaamu” (Skip Counting) kitegeeza okubala ne namaba etali 1. Okuyiga okubala ng’obusaamu kikuyamba:

	Okubala ebintu ebingi amangu
	Okuyiga okukubisaamu (emirundi)

Ebyokulabirako:

Okubala ng’obusaamu 2 okola bw’oti: 

2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, ... n’okweyongerayo

Okubala ng’obusaamu 10

10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100,n’okweyongerayo

Okubala ng’obusaamu 5 

5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, n’okweyongerayo

 Okubala ng’obusaamu 3

3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, n’okweyongerayo.


Okubala ng’obusaamu 4 

4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40, ...

Okusengeka namba (Ordering Numbers)

Okuteeka namba mu nsengeka, tandikira ku esembayo obutono okutuuka ku esingayo obunene. Kino kye kiyitibwa ensengeka elinnya; nga oli bw’alinnya olusozi.

 	Eky’okulabirako: Teeka  15, 6, 7 and 9 mu nsengeka erinnya:
Ansa : 6, 7, 9, 15 	

Olumu oyinza okwagala namba zikole ekya kikontana nga zitandikira ku esinagyo obunenene okutuuka ku esembayo obutono; kino kiyitibwa nsengeka ekka; nga bwokka wansi w’olusozi.

 	Ekyokulabirako e:  Teeka  15, 6, 7 and 9 mu nsengeka ekka.
Ansa: 15, 9, 7, 6 	

Omuwendo gw’Ekifo mu Namba (Place Value in a number)

Mu kibalangulo bwe twogera ku muwendo gw’ekifo tuba tutegeeza omuwendo gw’ekifo mu namba. Mu namba buli kifo kirina omuwendo(value). Waliwo ebintu bitaano ebyetaagisa okutegeera omulamwa gw’omuwendo gw’ekifo.

(i ) Okuyiga buli namba bw’eyitibwa  awamu, engeri gye zidding’ana  n’engeri gye zikozesebwa okubala obungi, n’okukozesa namba mu ngeri ez’enjawulo mu bulamu obwa bulijjo  mu kwogera, okusoma n’okuwandiika. Omuzadde alina okulaba nga omwana ayiga okubala ebintu  n’okutegeera  bimeka oba meka  buli linnya lya namba kye litegeeza. Abazadde n’abasomsa wano balina okulaba ng’abaana bafuna okwegezaamu ekimala nga babala namba okusooka nga bakoma ku 10 bwe bamala ne beyongerayo okumanya nti namba eziri mu kkumi zonna zirina ennyingo “kumi”, eziri mu abiri zonna zirina ennyingo “abiri”, n’okweyongerayo awatali kusooka kwebuuza lwaki kiri kityo. 

(ii)Okukozesa namba okugatta n’okwawuza mu bulamu obwa bulijjo. Okugatta n’okwawuza ebisookerwako omwana abiyigira mu bulamu obwa bulijjo nga azannya n’ebintu ebiri mu bungi okutandika n’ebifaanagana.  Kyetaagisa nnyo abaana okufuna  okwegezaamu okunnyonnyoka engeri y’okugattamu emigogo gya namba za digito emu ku  emu  awamu n’okwawuza.

(iii) Obubondo bwa namba (group numbers). Muno mulimu okubala ebintu mu bubondo n’okumanyiira okubalira mu bubondo (practice with groupings), nga okubala ebintu mu misengeko egya ttaano ttaano awatali kuddingana buddinganyi  7, 14, 21, n’okweyongerayo. Muno mulimu n’okusobola okusoma n’okuwandiika  ebintu mu bubondo  awatali miramwa gya muwendo gwa kifo naye lwa kuba wayiga okuwandiika namba. Wegezeemu n’obubondo (ebibinja) bwa namba nga obubondo obwa  2, obwa 3,  obwa 5, oba obwa 10. 

(iv) Okukozesa obwongo ng’okozesa namba ng’ogoberera emitendera emisengeke (logical steps). Ensengekera ya namba gye tukozesa  esinziira  ku kumi kubanga ekozesa obubonero kumi bwokka obuyitibwa digito (digits). Nga tukozesa obubonero buno ekkumi tuyinza okuwandiika namba yonna.  

Endagamuwendo ekkumi 

Endagamuwendo(digits) ze tukozesa kati ziyitibwa “Namba za Kiyindi-Kiwarabu” ("Hindu-Arabic Numerals) era zifaanana bwe zti: 

0   1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9

Zino oyinza okuzikozesa ku bwazo okubala okutuuka ku mwenda. Okubala kkumi oba okweyongerayo, tuba tutandika n’omusimbalaala omulala, omusimbalala  ogwa “amakumi”, olwo ne tuwandiika amakumi ameka ge tulina, ne tuddirira namunigina meka.

Namba “13 “etegeeza erimu ekkumi limu ne namunigina(ensusuuba) 3Kino era kiyinza okuwandiikibwa nga  (1 × 10) + (3 × 1). 
Ekyokulabirako:"75" kitegeeza amakumi musanvu ne namunigina 5 oba(7 × 10) + (5 × 1)

Bwe tuba n’emiramwa egisukka mu 99, tuba tutandika omusumbalala omulala. Wano twetaaga okulaga  ebikumi bimeka, amakumi ameka ne namunigina meka.
Mu namba  194  tuba tulina ekikumi kimu, amakumi mwenda, ne namunigina nnya. Kino era tuyinza okukiwandiika nga (1 × 100) + (9 × 10) + (4 × 1). 
Mu namba  "735"  oba okiraba nti mulimu ebikumi 7, amakumi 3 ne namunigina 5,era ekiyinza okulagibwa nga  (7×100 )+ (3×10 )+ (5×1).

Okutwalira awamu buli lw’oyagala okulaga namba esingako obunene, tuba tugattako omusimbalala gumu (one column) ku kkono  era ne tumanya nti kino kitegeeza emirundi 10 okusingako omusimbalala oguli ku ddyo. Kati okiraba nti wetuteeka digito wa mugaso nnyo.

Ziro
Kiba kitya nga tulina ekkumi limu awatali namunigina  yonna? Tulaga nti tetulina namunigina nga tuteeka  ziro mu kifo ekyo. 
Makumi 	namunigina
1	O
Mu namba  "10", tulina okuteekamu ziro awatali ekyo kumi(10) eba erabika nga emu(1).

Tukozesa ekintu kye kimu okulaga  amakumi, ebikumi, enkumi, emitwalo, obukadde, obuwumbi, obutabalika  awatali namba   yonna eteekebwawo.
Eky’okulabirako 506 kitegeeza ebikumi bitaano, amakumi ziro, ne namunigina 6.

Amannya ga buli musimbalaala
Gano ge mannya ga buli musimbalaala (column): 
Bukadde	Mitwalo	Nkumi	Bikumi	Makumi	Namunigina/nsusuuba

Eky’okulabirako :
Mu taabulo y’omuwendo gwa ekifo eno wansi wandiika namba emitawo kumi na munaana, mu enkumi ssatu mu bina mu ataano mu mukaga.

Emitwalo 	Nkumi 	bikumi	makumi	namunigina
180,000	3000	400	50	6

Manya omutwalo = enkumi kkumi
Emitwalo kkumi =   enkumi kikumi
Emitwalo kumi na munaana = enkumi kikumi mu kinaana

Namba 11,327 

Awo oba okiraba nti mu “mugereeso gwa namba”, buli kifo kirina omuwendo gwe kikiikirira.

Category:Okubala