Ranunculus auricomus

Ranunculus auricomus est species collectiva Ranunculi, generis plantarum angiospermarum, in zona temperata Europae et Asiae crescens.

 Descriptio 
A reliquis congeneris R. auricomus recedit: 

 foliis radicalibus a caulinis valde differentibus, radicalibus nempe ambitu orbicularibus reniformibusve, plus minusve divisis, caulinibus vero divisis in multa segmenta separata, tum linearia tum deltoidea tum alias formas exhibentia;Tutin T.G. (1964) Ranunculus L. (Subgen. Batrachium by C. D. K. Cook). 223–238. In: Tutin T.G., Heywood V.H., Burges N.A., Valentine D.H., Walters S.M. & Webb D.A. (ed.), Flora Europaea. Volume 1: Lycopodiaceae to Platanaceae. Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press, xxxii+464 p.
 foliis caulinis iuxta aetatem plantae saepius valde diversis, primo indivisis trilobatisve, deinde (tempore florendi) de more valde divisis, postremo (tempore fructificandi) item minus divisis, immo nonnumquam indivisis;
 floribus haud raro imperfectis, scilicet petala minus quam quinque (ut de more apud reliquos Ranunculos) habentes, vel apetalis, petalis scilicet omnino carentibus.Halamski, A.T. (2024) Contribution à l’étude des renoncules tête d’or (Ranunculus auricomus aggr.) de la Poméranie polonaise. Trois espèces nouvelles des environs de Darłowo et Sławno. Bulletin de la Société linnéenne de Lyon, 93 (7–8): 169–205.

Ranunculus auricomus, herba perennis, in pascuis, pratis, ad vias vel ad margines silvarum crescit.Linnaeus C. (1753) Species plantarum : exhibentes plantas rite cognitas, ad genera relatas, cum differentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus, secundum systema sexuale digestas. Tomus I. Holmiae: Impensis Laurentii Salvii, 560 p.

 Taxinomia 

 De specie et loco eius intra genus 
Ranunculo auricomo nomen Carolus Linnaeus imposuit. Holotypus speciei forsitan in Batavia collectus est, sed de hoc non constat.

Ranunculus auricomus tamquam typus generis sui a Nathanaele Lord Britton et Addisone Brown designatus est,Britton, N.L. & Brown, A. (1913) An illustrated flora of the northern United States, Canada and the British possessions : from Newfoundland to the parallel of the southern boundary of Virginia, and from the Atlantic Ocean westward to the 102d meridian. Second edition. Vol. II. Amaranthaceae to Loganiaceae. Novi Eboraci: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 735 pp. sed typificatio haec postea reversa est, Ranunculo acri in typum generis selecto.Hitchcock, A.S. & Green, M.L. (1929) Standard-species of Linnean genera of Phanerogamae (1753–54). In: Ramsbottom, J., Wilmott, A.J., Sprague, T.A. & Wakefield, E.M. (ed.), International Botanical Congress. Cambridge (England), 1930. Nomenclature. Proposals by British Botanists, p. 111–199. Londini: His Majesty’s Stationery Office. Unde et apud auctores typificationem antiquam sequentes sectio R. auricomum continens Ranunculus nuncupatur, sectio vero R. acrem continens Acris;Tamura, M. (1995) Systematic part. In: Hiepko P. (ed.), Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien, zweite Auflage. Band 17 a IV, Angiospermae: Ordnung Ranunculales, Fam. Ranunculaceae, pp. 223–497. Berolini: Duncker & Humblot. ISBN 3-428-07980-9 e contra, iuxta typificationem hodiernam sectio R. auricomum continens Auricomus appellanda est, sectio vero R. acrem continens Ranunculus.Hörandl E,. & Emadzade, K. (2012) Evolutionary classification: A case study on the diverse plant genus Ranunculus L. (Ranunculaceae). Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics, 14: 310–324.

 De microspeciebus 
Populationes Ranunculi auricomi inter se multum differunt, in eodem quoque loco vero characteres immutabiles exhibent,Engel, R. (1968) L’espèce collective Ranunculus auricomus L. dans l’est de la France. Bulletin de l’Association philomathique d’Alsace et de Lorraine, 13 (1): 67–94. cuius phaenomeni inusitati ratio est quod haec plantae facultatem reproductionis sexualis amiserint, prolemque per apomixin generent; species ergo collectiva e permultis microspeciebus consistit.Hörandl E. (1998) Species concepts in agamic complexes: applications in the Ranunculus auricomus complex and general perspectives. Folia Geobotanica, 33: 335–348.Ericsson S. (1992) The microspecies of the Ranunculus auricomus complex treated at the species level. Annales Botanici Fennici, 29 (2): 123–158. Unde et nomen R. auricomi referre potest:

 sensu latissimo: ad aggregationem totam, scilicet inclusis Ranunculo cassubico, R. fallace et R. monophyllo;Ericsson, S. (2001) Ranunculus auricomus complex. In: Jonsell, B. (ed.), Flora Nordica, Volume 2: Chenopodiaceae to Fumariaceae. Holmiae: The Bergius Foundation & Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, p. 237–255. ISBN 91-7190-037-3
 sensu lato: ad speciem collectivam unam e quattuor, scilicet exclusis praedictis tribus Ranunculis;Marklund, G. (1961) Der Ranunculus auricomus-Komplex in Finnland. I. Diagnosen und Fundortslisten einiger Sippen des R. auricomus L. coll. (s. str.). Flora Fennica, 3: 1–128.
 sensu stricto: ad unam tantum microspeciem e permultis ad speciem collectivam pertinentibus.

Microspecies Ranunculi auricomi inter se characteribus haud raro minimis difficilibusque visu differunt. In aliquot regionibus microspecies haec descriptae sunt, ut in nonnullis partibus Sueciae (praesertim in SudermanniaJulin, E. (1980) Ranunculus auricomus L. in Södermanland, East-Central Sweden. Opera Botanica, 57: 1–145.), Fenniae, Angliae,Sell P. & Murrell G. (2018) Flora of Great Britain and Ireland. Volume 1: Lycopodiaceae – Salicaceae. Cambridge University Press. lxii + 787 p. ISBN 978-0-521-55335-3  et Poloniae,Jasiewicz, A. (1956) De Ranunculis e circulo Auricomi Owcz. in regione Cracoviensi nec non in Carpatorum parte boreali crescentibus. Fragmenta Floristica et Geobotanica, 2: 62–110.  in Bavaria,Borchers-Korb, E. (1985) Ranunculus sect. Auricomus in Bayern und den angrenzenden Gebieten. II. Spezieller Teil. Mitteilungen der botanischen Staatssammlung München, 21: 49–300.Dunkel, F.G. (2007) Der Ranunculus auricomus-Komplex in Bayern II. Neue oder vom Aussterben bedrohte Arten: Ranunculus basitruncatus Borch.-Kolb., R. kunzii W. Koch, R. irregularis sp. nov. und weitere Arten der Abstrusi ser. nov. Berichte der Bayerischen Botanischen Gesellschaft, 77: 93–116. Saxonia,Dunkel F.G. (2022) Der Ranunculus-auricomus-Komplex (Ranunculaceae) in Sachsen. Kochia, 15: 57–188. Alsatia,Dunkel, F.G. (2014) Le complexe de Ranunculus auricomus (Ranunculaceae) en Alsace. Journal de Botanique (Société botanique de France), 66: 3–64.Dunkel, F.G. (2019). Additions au complexe de Ranunculus auricomus (Ranunculaceae) en Alsace. Trois nouvelles espèces et une clé de détermination. Journal de Botanique (Société botanique de France), 84: 17–29. AustriaHörandl E. & Gutermann W. (1998) Der Ranunculus auricomus-Komplex in Österreich. 1. Methodik; Gruppierung der mitteleuropäischen Sippen. Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie, 120: 1–44. et Hispania.Dunkel, F.G. (2021) Contribution to the knowledge of the Ranunculus auricomus complex (Ranunculaceae) in Spain. Stapfia, 112: 5–59. In multis vero aliis regionibus ignotae remanent. Microspecies in sola Scandinavia, ubi plurimae, certe plus quam 600 sunt; additis ergo microspeciebus Europae mediae et occidentalis (exempli gratia 35 e Saxonia, 30 ex Alsatia, 58 ex Anglia, 17 ex Hispania), numerus microspecierum numerum omnium aliarum specierum generis Ranunculi excedit. 

 Notae 

Categoria:Ranunculaceae
Categoria:Species plantarum
Categoria:Taxa Linnaei