Alcidae

Alcidae (a Protogermanico *alkǭ 'avis maritima') sunt familia avium ordinis Charadriiformium, quae genera Uriam, Cepphum, Aethiatis, Fraterculam, Brachyramphum comprehendit.
Praeter Pinguinum impennem, omnes alcidae "volare" tam bene in aqua quam in aere insigniter possunt. Egregie natant et urinantur, sed ambulantes inscitae videntur.
Nonnullis speciebus sunt varia nomina vulgaria in Europa et America Septentrionali: Uria et Cepphus, Anglice guillemots in Europa, sed murres in America Septentrionali, et Alle ('little auk') dovekie appellatur.

Systematica

 Formae basales et incertae sedis
 Miocepphus (fossile: Miocaenum media
 Miocepphus mcclungi Wetmore, 1940
 Miocepphus bohaskai Wijnker and Olson, 2009
 Miocepphus blowi Wijnker and Olson, 2009
 Miocepphus mergulellus Wijnker and Olson, 2009
 Subfamilia Alcinae
 Tribus Alcini thumb|Synthliboramphus hypoleucus admodum distinctus a brachyramphinis est.
 Uria
 Uria aalge
 Uria lomvia
 Alle
 Alle alle
 Pinguinus
 Pinguinus impennis (exstinctus, circa 1844)
 Alca
 Alca torda
 Tribus Synthliboramphini thumb|Cepphus grylle in plumis aestivis (frons) et hiemalis.
 Synthliboramphus
 Synthliboramphus scrippsi – olim in S. hypoleucus
 Synthliboramphus hypoleucus – aliquando in Endomychura separatus
 Synthliboramphus craveri – aliquando in Endomychura separatus
 Synthliboramphus antiquus
 Synthliboramphus wumizusume
 Tribus Cepphini thumb|Brachyramphus marmoratus in plumis temporis feturae.
 Cepphus
 Cepphus grylle
 Cepphus columba
 Cepphus columba snowi
 Cepphus carbo
 Tribus Brachyramphini
 Brachyramphus
 Brachyramphus marmoratus
 Brachyramphus perdix
 Brachyramphus brevirostris
 Subfamilia Fraterculinae
 Tribus Aethiini thumb|Fratercula cirrhata.
 Ptychoramphus
 Ptychoramphus aleuticus
 Aethia
 Aethia psittacula
 Aethia cristatella
 Aethia pygmaea
 Aethia pusilla
 Tribus Fraterculini
 Cerorhinca
 Cerorhinca monocerata
 Fratercula
 Fratercula arctica
 Fratercula corniculata
 Fratercula cirrhata

Kiviak, cibus traditionalis Inuit in Groenlandia, ex alcidis in cute pinnipediorum conditus

Notae

Bibliographia
Collinson, Martin. 2006. "Splitting headaches? Recent taxonomic changes affecting the British and Western Palaearctic lists." British Birds 99 (6): 306–23. Editio interretialis.
Friesen, V. L., A. J. Baker, et J. F. Piatt. 1996. "Phylogenetic Relationships Within the Alcidae (Charadriiformes: Aves) Inferred from Total Molecular Evidence." Molecular Biology and Evolution 13 (2): 359–67. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a025595. PMID 8587501.
Gaston, Anthony J., et Ian L. Jones. 1998. The Auks: Alcidae. Oxoniae: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-854032-9.
Johnsgard, Paul. Diving Birds of North America.
Konyukhov, N. B. 2002. "Possible Ways of Spreading and Evolution of Alcids." Biology Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences 29 (5): 447–54. Russice scriptus. doi:10.1023/A:1020457508769.
Moum, Truls, Ulfur Arnason, et Einar Árnason. 2002 "Mitochondrial DNA Sequence Evolution and Phylogeny of the Atlantic Alcidae, Including the Extinct Great Auk (Pinguinus impennis)." Molecular Biology and Evolution 19 (9): 1434–39. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a004206. PMID 12200471.
Paton, T. A., A. J. Baker, J. G. Groth, et G. F. Barrowclough. 2003. "RAG-1 sequences resolve phylogenetic relationships within charadriiform birds." Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 29 (2): 268–78. doi:10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00098-8. PMID 13678682.
Smith, N. A. 2011. "Taxonomic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the flightless Mancallinae (Aves, Pan-Alcidae)." ZooKeys 91: 1–116. doi:10.3897/zookeys.91.709. PMID 21594108. PMC 3084493.
Strauch J. G., Jr. 1985. "The phylogeny of the Alcidae." The Auk 102 (3): 520–539. JSTOR 4086647. doi:10.1093/auk/102.3.520. PDF.
Thomas, Gavin H., Matthew A. Wills, et Tamás Székely. 2004. "A supertree approach to shorebird phylogeny." BMC Evolutionary Biology 4 (1): 28. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-4-28. PMID 15329156. PMC 515296. Materia supplementaria.

Nexus externi


Categoria:Familiae animalium
Categoria:Taxa Leach
Categoria:Taxa 1820