Drepanidini

Drepanidini sunt tribus vel grex tantus parvarum avium subordinis Passerorum ordinis Passeriformium, quae in Havaiis endemicae sunt, cum avibus generis Carpodaci artissime cognatae. Quarum magna diversitas morphologica ex radiatione adaptiva in circumiectis insularibus effecta est.Lerner et al. 2011.Zuccon et al. 2012.

Antequam rationes phylogeneticae moleculares excogitatae sunt, coniunctio drepanidinorum aliarumque specierum aviariarum controversa fuerat. Aliquot eruditi drepanidinos familiam Drepanididas,Clements 2007. sed alii eos subfamiliam Drepanidinas familiae Fringillidarum putant. Omnis autem grex "Drepanidini" appellabatur in tractationibus ubi emberizidae et passerellidae inter fringillidas comprehendebantur; quod nomen unius subgregis avium aliis hodie praeponitur.Dickinson 2003.AOU Check-list of North American Birds. Situs accessus 26 Decembris 2007. Omnis grex recentissime inter carduelinas digestus est..

Proprietates
Pennis paene omnium carduelinarum Havaianarum specierum est odor proprius, qui, ut multi investigatores affirmant, "veterum carbasi tabernaculorum aliquantulum similis"Anglice "rather like that of old canvas tents." olet.Pratt 2002: 46.

Nonnulli drepanidini nectarivori flores Metrosiderae polymorphae petunt. Formae rostrorum, quae late variant, a rostris crassis et fringilliformibus ad rostra gracilia et decurva (ad certos flores scrutandos apta), ratione radiationis adaptivae exortae sunt, cum quaedam fringilla avita se ad multos locos oecologicos complendos evolveret. Aliquot viginti drepanidinorum species nuper exstinctae sunt, aliaeque mox post homines in insulas primum adventos, qui animalia introduxerunt (exempli gratia, rattos, sues, capros, boves), et habitationes naturales agriculturae causa converterunt.Storrs et Olson 1991.James et Olson 1991.

Genera et species
Nomen praehistoricum hic significat species quae exstinctae inter primam colonizationem Havaianam (ex primo millennio exeunte) et adventum Europaeum anno 1778 factae sunt.
Drepanidini
Genus Aidemedia Olson & James, 1991 Genus Aidemedia ex Aidem appellatur.
Aidemedia chascax Olson & James, 1991 (avis praehistorica)
Aidemedia lutetiae Olson & James, 1991 (avis praehistorica)
Aidemedia zanclops Olson & James, 1991 (avis praehistorica)
Genus Akialoa Olson & James, 1995
Akialoa ellisiana Gray, 1859 (exstincta, 1940)
Akialoa lanaiensis Rothschild, 1893 (exstincta, 1892)
Akialoa stejnegeri Wilson, 1889 (exstincta, 1969)
Akialoa obscura Cabanis, 1889 (exstincta, 1940)
Akialoa upupirostris (avis praehistorica)
Genus Chloridops Wilson, 1888
Chloridops kona Wilson, 1888 (exstincta, 1894)
Chloridops regiskongi (avis praehistorica)
Chloridops wahi (avis praehistorica)
Genus Chlorodrepanis Olson & James, 1995
Chlorodrepanis stejnegeri Pratt, 1989
Chlorodrepanis flava Bloxam, 1827
Chlorodrepanis virens Cabanis, 1851
Genus Ciridops Newton, 1892
Ciridops anna Dole, 1879 (exstincta, 1892 aut 1937)
Ciridops tenax Olson & James, 1991 (avis praehistorica)
 Genus Drepanis Temminck, 1820
Drepanis funerea Newton, 1894 (exstincta, 1907)
Drepanis pacifica Gmelin, 1788 (exstincta, 1898)
Drepanis coccinea Forster, 1780
 Genus Dysmorodre panis Perkins, 1919
Dysmorodrepanis munroi Perkins, 1919 (exstincta, 1918)
Genus Hemignathus Lichtenstein, 1839
Hemignathus affinis (exstincta, 1995–1998)
Hemignathus hanapepe (exstincta, 1998)
Hemignathus lucidus (exstincta, 1837)
Hemignathus vorpalis James & Olson, 2003 (avis praehistorica).
Hemignathus wilsoni Rothschild, 1893
Genus Himatione 
Himatione sanguinea Gmelin, 1788
Himatione fraithii (exstincta, 1923)
 Genus Loxioides Oustalet, 1877
Loxioides bailleui Oustalet, 1877
Loxioides kikuichi Olson & James, 2006 (avis praehistorica, fortasse usque ad saeculum 18 iniens supervixit)
Genus Loxops
Loxops caeruleirostris Wilson, 1890
Loxops coccineus Gmelin, 1789
Loxops ochraceus Rothschild, 1893 (exstincta, 1988)
Loxops wolstenholmei Rothschild, 1895 (exstincta, annis 1990)
Loxops mana Wilson, 1891
Genus Magumma
Magumma parva Stejneger, 1887
Genus Melamprosops Casey & Jacobi, 1974
Melamprosops phaeosoma Casey & Jacobi, 1974 (fortasse exstincta dicta, 28 Novembris 2004)
 Genus Oreomystis Wilson, 1891
Oreomystis bairdi Stejneger, 1887
Genus Orthiospiza
Orthiospiza howarthi James & Olson, 1991 (avis praehistorica)
Genus Palmeria Rothschild, 1893
Palmeria dolei Wilson, 1891
Genus Paroreomyza
Paroreomyza maculata Cabanis, 1850 (exstincta, annis 1990 ineuntibus?)
Paroreomyza flammea (Wilson, 1889) (exstincta, 1963)
Paroreomyza montana
Paroreomyza montana montana Wilson, 1890 (exstincta, 1937)
Paroreomyza montana newtoni (Rothschild, 1893)
Genus Pseudonestor
Pseudonestor xanthophrys Rothschild, 1893
Genus Psittirostra
Psittirostra psittacea Gmelin, 1789 (exstincta, 1998?)
Genus Rhodacanthis.
Rhodacanthis flaviceps Rothschild, 1892 (exstincta, 1891)
Rhodacanthis forfex James & Olson, 2005 (avis praehistorica)
Rhodacanthis litotes James & Olson, 2005 (avis praehistorica)
Rhodacanthis palmeri Rothschild, 1892 (exstincta, 1896)
Genus Telespiza Wilson, 1890
Telespiza cantans Wilson, 1890
Telespiza persecutrix James & Olson, 1991 (avis praehistorica)
Telespiza ultima Bryan, 1917
Telespiza ypsilon James & Olson, 1991 (avis praehistorica)
Genus Vangulifer
Vangulifer mirandus (avis praehistorica)
Vangulifer neophasis (avis praehistorica)
Genus Viridonia
Viridonia sagittirostris Rothschild, 1892 (exstincta, 1901)
 Genus Xestospiza James & Oslon, 1991
Xestospiza conica James & Olson, 1991 (avis praehistorica)
Xestospiza fastigialis James & Olson, 1991 (avis praehistorica)

Notae


Bibliographia
Clements, J. 2007. The Clements Checklist of the Birds of the World. Ed. sexta. ISBN 978-0-7136-8695-1.
Dickinson, E. 2003. The Howard and Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World. Ed. tertia. Princetoniae: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-11701-0.
Groth, Jeffrey G. 1998. "Molecular phylogeny of the cardueline finches and Hawaiian honeycreepers." Ostrich 69: 401.
Groth, Jeffrey G. 2001. "Finches and Allies." In The Sibley Guide to Bird Life and Behavior, ed. Chris Elphick, John B. Dunning Jr., et David Allen Sibley, 552–60. Novi Eboraci: Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 978-1-4000-4386-6. Archivum. Editio interretialis: pagina 552.
James, Helen F., et Storrs L Olson. 1991. "Descriptions of Thirty-Two New Species of Birds from the Hawaiian Islands: Part II. Passeriformes." Ornithological Monographs 46: 1–92. doi:10.2307/40166713. HDL 10088/1746. JSTOR 40166713. Editio interretialis.
Lerner, H. R. L., M. Meyer, H. F. James, et R. C. Fleischer. 2011. "Multilocus resolution of phylogeny and timescale in the extant adaptive radiation of Hawaiian Honeycreepers." Current Biology 21 (21): 1838–44. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2011.09.039. PMID 22018543.
Newton, Ian. 1973. Finches. The New Naturalist Library, 55. Novi Eboraci: Taplinger. ISBN 0-8008-2720-1.
Olson, Storrs L., et Helen F. James. 1991. "Descriptions of Thirty-Two New Species of Birds from the Hawaiian Islands: Part I. Non-Passeriformes." Ornithological Monographs 45: 1–91. doi:10.2307/40166794. HDL 10088/1745. JSTOR 40166794. Editio interretialis.
Pratt, H. Douglas. 2002. The Hawaiian Honeycreepers. Oxoniae: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-854653-5. Google Books.
Zuccon, Dario, Robert Prŷs-Jones, Pamela C. Rasmussen, et Per G. P. Ericson. 2012. "The phylogenetic relationships and generic limits of finches (Fringillidae)." Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 62 (2): 581–96. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2011.10.002. PMID 22023825. PDF.

Nexus externi

"Hawaiian Honeycreepers (Drepanididae)." De quattuor speciebus, cum pelliculis et photographematibus. Internet Bird Collection.

Categoria:Carduelinae
Categoria:Drepanidinae
Categoria:Fauna Havaiorum
Categoria:Tribus animalium