K2-18b

K2-18b, etiam EPIC 201912552 b nominatus, planeta extrasolaris circum pumilionem rubram K2-18 orbitam conficiens est, 124 annos luce mensos (38 pc) a Tellure distans.Cloutier, R.; et al. (die 7 Ianuarii anni 2019). "Confirmation of the radial velocity super-Earth K2-18c with HARPS and CARMENES". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 621. A49. arXiv:1810.04731. Bibcode:2019A&A...621A..49C. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833995. Hic planeta, primum per telescopium spatiale Kepler inventus, circa octiens Telluris massam habet, ergo sicuti supertellus classificatur. Dierum 33 orbitam intra zonam habitabilem conficit.

Anno 2019, duo independentia investigationis studia, data e telescopio spatiali Keplero, telescopio spatiali Spitzeriano et telescopio spatiali Hubbleano coniungentia, significativam vaporis aquae quantitatem in atmosphaerā esse conclusit, quod eum facit primum planetam talibus cum signis intra zonam habitabilem.Ghosh, Pallab (pridie Idus Septembres anni 2019). "Water found for first time on 'potentially habitable' planet" (Anglice). BBC News.  Inspectum Idibus Septembribus anni 2019.Greshko, Michael (die 11 Septembris anni 2019). "Water found on a potentially life-friendly alien planet" (Anglice). National Geographic. Inspectum die 11 Septembris anni 2019.Tsiaras, Angelos; et al. (die 11 Septembris anni 2019). "Water vapour in the atmosphere of the habitable-zone eight-Earth-mass planet K2-18 b". Nature Astronomy: 1–6. arXiv:1909.05218. Bibcode:2019arXiv190905218T. doi:10.1038/s41550-019-0878-9. Inspectum die 11 Septembris anni 2019.

Inventio
Exoplaneta K2-18b sicuti pars programmatis telescopii spatialis Kepleri identificatus est; unus apud circa inventos exoplanetas inventos per missionem Second Light."NASA's Kepler Mission Announces Largest Collection of Planets Ever Discovered" (declaratio preli) (Anglice). NASA. Die 10 Maii anni 2016. Inspectum die 11 Septembris anni 2019. Planetae K2-18b inventio anno 2015 facta est, cum conficeret orbitam circum pumilionem rubram stellam (nunc K2-18 nominatam) cum stellari classe spectrali M2.8 et distantem 124 alm seu 38 pc e Tellure. Planetadetectus est per variationes in stellari lucis flexū transitū planetae ante stellam e Tellure visam causatas.Cloutier, R.; et al. (die 7 Ianuarii anni 2019). "Confirmation of the radial velocity super-Earth K2-18c with HARPS and CARMENES". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 621. A49. arXiv:1810.04731. Bibcode:2019A&A...621A..49C. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833995.Montet, Benjamin T.; et al. (Nonas Augustas anni 2015). "Stellar and Planetary Properties of K2 Campaign 1 Candidates and Validation of 17 Planets, Including a Planet Receiving Earth-like Insolation" (Anglice). The Astrophysical Journal. 809 (1): 25. arXiv:1503.07866. Bibcode:2015ApJ...809...25M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/809/1/25.Foreman-Mackey, Daniel; et al. (Die 18 Iunii anni 2015). "A systematic search for transiting planets in the K2 data" (Anglice). The Astrophysical Journal. 806 (2): 215. arXiv:1502.04715. Bibcode:2015ApJ...806..215F. doi:10.1088/0004-637x/806/2/215. Exoplaneta "K2-18b" nominatus est, quia fuit octavus decimus planeta per missionem K2 inventus. Praedicta oppositio relative demissa inter planetam et eius hospitem stellam facilius planetae K2-18b atmosphaeram in futuro observare faceret.Montet, Benjamin T.; et al. (Nonas Augustas anni 2015). "Stellar and Planetary Properties of K2 Campaign 1 Candidates and Validation of 17 Planets, Including a Planet Receiving Earth-like Insolation" (Anglice). The Astrophysical Journal. 809 (1): 25. arXiv:1503.07866. Bibcode:2015ApJ...809...25M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/809/1/25.

Anno 2017, data e telescopio spatiali Spitzeriano exoplanetam K2-18b orbitam in zonam habitabilem circum stellam K2-18 periodo dierum 33 conficere confirmaverunt, satis brevi ut sinantur observationes aliquot orbitalium cyclorum qui meliorarent statisticam signi significationem. Quod adduxit maiorem ad attentionem pergendarum observationum planetae K2-18b.Benneke, Björn; et al. (Die 12 Ianuarii anni 2017). "Spitzer Observations Confirm and Rescue the Habitable-zone Super-earth K2-18b for Future Characterization" (Anglice). The Astrophysical Journal. 834 (2): 187. arXiv:1610.07249. Bibcode:2017ApJ...834..187B. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/834/2/187.

Postera studia de K2-18b per instrumenta Indagatorium planetarum per velocitatem radialem altae accurationis (Anglicis siglis HARPS) et Indagationem altā resolutione Calaraltensem pumilionum M cum exotelluribus spectrographis paene-infrarubro et optico Echelleano (Anglicis siglis CARMENES) etiam probabilem secundum exoplanetam, K2-18c, aestimatā cum massā , in strictiore dierum novem orbitā, identificaverunt,Cloutier, R.; et al. (die 7 Ianuarii anni 2019). "Confirmation of the radial velocity super-Earth K2-18c with HARPS and CARMENES". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 621. A49. arXiv:1810.04731. Bibcode:2019A&A...621A..49C. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833995. sed hic additicius planeta nondum confirmatus est et magis stellari activitati deberi potest.Sarkis, Paula; et al. (2018). "The CARMENES Search for Exoplanets around M Dwarfs: A Low-mass Planet in the Temperate Zone of the Nearby K2-18" (Anglice). The Astrophysical Journal. 155 (6): 257. arXiv:1805.00830. Bibcode:2018AJ....155..257S. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aac108.

Locus
Exoplanetae K2-18b coordinatae in Internationali celestis relationis systemate (Anglicis siglis ICRS) sunt: ascensio recta 11h 30m 14,518s et declinatio +07° 35' 18,257". Hic planeta in constellatione Leo situs est, sed extra leonis asterismum."K2-18 -- High proper-motion Star" (Anglice). SIMBAD. Inspectum pridie Idūs Septembres anni 2019. Quo primum invento, exoplanetae K2-18b distantia a Tellure 110 annos luce mensos seu 34 parsec esse aestimata est.Montet, Benjamin T.; et al. (Nonas Augustas anni 2015). "Stellar and Planetary Properties of K2 Campaign 1 Candidates and Validation of 17 Planets, Including a Planet Receiving Earth-like Insolation" (Anglice). The Astrophysical Journal. 809 (1): 25. arXiv:1503.07866. Bibcode:2015ApJ...809...25M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/809/1/25. Nihilominus, exactiora data ex incepto chartographico Gaia planeta K2-18b 124,02 ± 0,26 annos luce mensos seu 38,025 ± 0,079 parsec distare ostendit.Montet, Benjamin T.; et al. (Nonas Augustas anni 2015). "Stellar and Planetary Properties of K2 Campaign 1 Candidates and Validation of 17 Planets, Including a Planet Receiving Earth-like Insolation" (Anglice). The Astrophysical Journal. 809 (1): 25. arXiv:1503.07866. Bibcode:2015ApJ...809...25M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/809/1/25. Haec meliorata mensura ad expoliendas exoplanetarii systematis proprietates adiuvit.Cloutier, R.; et al. (die 7 Ianuarii anni 2019). "Confirmation of the radial velocity super-Earth K2-18c with HARPS and CARMENES". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 621. A49. arXiv:1810.04731. Bibcode:2019A&A...621A..49C. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833995.

Proprietates physicae
Exoplaneta K2-18b circiter 0,1429 ua seu 21,38 milliones km orbitam conficit, iacens igitur intra zonam habitabilem suae pumilioni rubrae calculatam, inter 0,12 et 0,25 ua seu 18 et 37 milliones km.Tsiaras, Angelos; et al. (die 11 Septembris anni 2019). "Water vapour in the atmosphere of the habitable-zone eight-Earth-mass planet K2-18 b". Nature Astronomy: 1–6. arXiv:1909.05218. Bibcode:2019arXiv190905218T. doi:10.1038/s41550-019-0878-9. Inspectum die 11 Septembris anni 2019. Exoplaneta periodum orbitalem circiter dierum 33 habet,Benneke, Björn; et al. (Die 12 Ianuarii anni 2017). "Spitzer Observations Confirm and Rescue the Habitable-zone Super-earth K2-18b for Future Characterization" (Anglice). The Astrophysical Journal. 834 (2): 187. arXiv:1610.07249. Bibcode:2017ApJ...834..187B. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/834/2/187. quod hunc synchronice rotare eodem latere suam hospitem stellam spectantem suggerit.Wall, Mike (die 11 Septembris anni 2019). "The Water Vapor Find on 'Habitable' Exoplanet K2-18 b Is Exciting — But It's No Earth Twin" (Anglice). Space.com. Archivatum ex originali die 11 Septembris anni 2019. Inspectum pridie Idus Septembres anni 2019. "Tsiaras et collegae suas conclusiones hodie (die 11 Septembris) in commentariis Nature Astronomy ediderunt. Altera turma investigationis, a Björn Benneke Universitatis Montis Regii ducta, suum articulum in prae-editionis sitū interretiali arXiv.org die martis edidit. Benneke et al. studium nondum suis a paribus recensum est." Temperatura aequilibrii planetarii circiter 265 ± 5 K seu −8 ± 5 °C seu 17 ± 9 °F esse aestimatur,Cloutier, R.; et al. (die 7 Ianuarii anni 2019). "Confirmation of the radial velocity super-Earth K2-18c with HARPS and CARMENES". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 621. A49. arXiv:1810.04731. Bibcode:2019A&A...621A..49C. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833995. propter irradiantiam stellarem propemodum 94% terrestris irradiantiae.Benneke, Björn; et al. (Die 12 Ianuarii anni 2017). "Spitzer Observations Confirm and Rescue the Habitable-zone Super-earth K2-18b for Future Characterization" (Anglice). The Astrophysical Journal. 834 (2): 187. arXiv:1610.07249. Bibcode:2017ApJ...834..187B. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/834/2/187. Exoplaneta K2-18b radium  et massam  habere aestimatur, secundum analyses per HARPS et CARMENES instrumenta.Cloutier, R.; et al. (die 7 Ianuarii anni 2019). "Confirmation of the radial velocity super-Earth K2-18c with HARPS and CARMENES". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 621. A49. arXiv:1810.04731. Bibcode:2019A&A...621A..49C. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833995. Initio minineptunus esse putatus est, se anno 2015 invento,Montet, Benjamin T.; et al. (Nonas Augustas anni 2015). "Stellar and Planetary Properties of K2 Campaign 1 Candidates and Validation of 17 Planets, Including a Planet Receiving Earth-like Insolation" (Anglice). The Astrophysical Journal. 809 (1): 25. arXiv:1503.07866. Bibcode:2015ApJ...809...25M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/809/1/25. sed meliorata data de K2-18b eum supertellurem classificavit.Benneke, Björn; et al. (Die 12 Ianuarii anni 2017). "Spitzer Observations Confirm and Rescue the Habitable-zone Super-earth K2-18b for Future Characterization" (Anglice). The Astrophysical Journal. 834 (2): 187. arXiv:1610.07249. Bibcode:2017ApJ...834..187B. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/834/2/187. Exoplanetae K2-18b magnitudo, orbita et aliae proprietates comparatae cum aliis detectis exoplanetis ut planeta atmosphaerae additicia gasia praeter hydrogenium et helium continenti favere possit suggerunt.Cloutier, R.; et al. (die 7 Ianuarii anni 2019). "Confirmation of the radial velocity super-Earth K2-18c with HARPS and CARMENES". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 621. A49. arXiv:1810.04731. Bibcode:2019A&A...621A..49C. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833995.

Aqua inventa
Facta sunt ampliora studia per telescopium spatiale Hubbleanum conclusiones observationum e Keplero et Spitzeriano confirmantia et additicias exoplanetariae atmosphaerae mensuras permittentia. Separatae duae analyses investigatorum ex Universitate Montis Regii et Collegio Universitatis Londinensi (Anglice UCL) de datis ex Hubbleano anno 2019 editae sunt. Ambae stellaris lucis spectra atmosphaeram per transitūs transeuntia examinaverunt, et K2-18b hydrogenii heliique atmosphaeram cum altā aquosi vaporis conglobatione habere invenerunt, quae inter 0,01 et 12,5 centesimas usque ad 20 et 50 centesimas variare possit, secundum quae alia gasium genera atmosphaerae adsint. Maximis conglobationis gradibus, aquae vapor satis alta esse possit ut formentur nubes.Greshko, Michael (die 11 Septembris anni 2019). "Water found on a potentially life-friendly alien planet" (Anglice). National Geographic. Inspectum die 11 Septembris anni 2019.Tsiaras, Angelos; et al. (die 11 Septembris anni 2019). "Water vapour in the atmosphere of the habitable-zone eight-Earth-mass planet K2-18 b". Nature Astronomy: 1–6. arXiv:1909.05218. Bibcode:2019arXiv190905218T. doi:10.1038/s41550-019-0878-9. Inspectum die 11 Septembris anni 2019.Grossman, Lisa (die 11 Septembris anni 2019). "This may be the first known exoplanet with rain and clouds of water droplets". ScienceNews. Archivatum ex originali pridie Idūs Septembres anni 2019. Inspectum die 11 Septembris anni 2019. Ab UCL ductum studium die 11 Septembris anni in commentariis Nature Astronomy editum est; ab Universitate Montis Regii ductum studium, quod nondum recensum est, propositum est unum diem antea in servatro ArXiv.org.Wall, Mike (die 11 Septembris anni 2019). "The Water Vapor Find on 'Habitable' Exoplanet K2-18 b Is Exciting — But It's No Earth Twin" (Anglice). Space.com. Archivatum ex originali die 11 Septembris anni 2019. Inspectum pridie Idus Septembres anni 2019. "Tsiaras et collegae suas conclusiones hodie (die 11 Septembris) in commentariis Nature Astronomy ediderunt. Altera turma investigationis, a Björn Benneke Universitatis Montis Regii ducta, suum articulum in prae-editionis sitū interretiali arXiv.org die martis edidit. Benneke et al. studium nondum suis a paribus recensum est." Ab UCL ducta analysis aquam cum significatione rationariā 3,6 deviationis canonicae, gradui fiduciae 99,97% aequivalente, detexit.Tsiaras, Angelos; et al. (die 11 Septembris anni 2019). "Water vapour in the atmosphere of the habitable-zone eight-Earth-mass planet K2-18 b". Nature Astronomy: 1–6. arXiv:1909.05218. Bibcode:2019arXiv190905218T. doi:10.1038/s41550-019-0878-9. Inspectum die 11 Septembris anni 2019.

Hic fuit prima superterrestris exoplaneta intra suae stellae zonam habitabilem cuius atmosphaera detecta est;Tsiaras, Angelos; et al. (die 11 Septembris anni 2019). "Water vapour in the atmosphere of the habitable-zone eight-Earth-mass planet K2-18 b". Nature Astronomy: 1–6. arXiv:1909.05218. Bibcode:2019arXiv190905218T. doi:10.1038/s41550-019-0878-9. Inspectum die 11 Septembris anni 2019. et prima aquae inventio in exoplanetā intra zonam habitabilem.Ghosh, Pallab (pridie Idus Septembres anni 2019). "Water found for first time on 'potentially habitable' planet" (Anglice). BBC News. Inspectum Idibus Septembribus anni 2019.Greshko, Michael (die 11 Septembris anni 2019). "Water found on a potentially life-friendly alien planet" (Anglice). National Geographic. Inspectum die 11 Septembris anni 2019. Antehac aqua inventa erat in atmosphaeris exoplanetarum extra zonam habitabilem sicuti HD 209458 b, XO-1b, WASP-12b, WASP-17b et WASP-19b."Hubble Traces Subtle Signals of Water on Hazy Worlds" (Anglice). NASA. Die 3 Decembris anni 2013. Archivatum ex originali die 6 Decembris anni 2013. Inspectum pridie Nonas Decembres anni 2013.D. Deming et al. (2013), ["Infrared Transmission Spectroscopy of the Exoplanets HD 209458b and XO-1b Using the Wide Field Camera-3 on the Hubble Space Telescope"] (Anglice). The Astrophysical Journal 774 (2): 95. arXiv:1302.1141. Bibcode:2013ApJ...774...95D. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/774/2/95.A. M. Mandell et al. (2013), "Exoplanet Transit Spectroscopy Using WFC3: WASP-12 b, WASP-17 b, and WASP-19 b" (Anglice). The Astrophysical Journal 779 (2): 128. arXiv:1310.2949. Bibcode:2013ApJ...779..128M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/779/2/128.

Astronomi vehementius dicunt ne aquae inventio in exoplanetae K2-18b atmosphaerā eum vitae favere aut habitabilem esse significet, quia quāquam solidā superficie probabiliter aut atmosphaerā quae vitae favere possit caret.Pallab Ghosh (pridie Idus Septembres anni 2019), "Water found for first time on 'potentially habitable' planet" (Anglice). BBC News. Inspectum Idibus Septembribus anni 2019. Verumtamen, aquam in exoplanetā intra zonam habitabilem invenire ad intelligendum quomodo planetae formentur adiuvat.Pallab Ghosh (pridie Idus Septembres anni 2019), "Water found for first time on 'potentially habitable' planet" (Anglice). BBC News. Inspectum Idibus Septembribus anni 2019. Exoplaneta K2-18b per telescopium spatiale Webbianum, anno 2021 eiiciendum, et per telescopium spatiale ARIEL, anno 2028 eiiciendum, observatum iri exspectatur. Ambo instrumenta designata ad definiendam exoplanetariarum atmosphaerarum compositionem deferent.Greshko, Michael (die 11 Septembris anni 2019). "Water found on a potentially life-friendly alien planet" (Anglice). National Geographic. Inspectum die 11 Septembris anni 2019.

Nexūs externi
 Benneke, Björn; et al. (2019). "Water Vapor on the Habitable-Zone Exoplanet K2-18b" (Anglice). arXiv:1909.04642 astro-ph.EP.
 K2-18 b Confirmed Planet Overview Page in archivo exoplanetarum e NASA (Anglice).

Notae

Categoria:Planetae extrasolares
Categoria:Aqua extranea
Categoria:Leo (constellatio)
Categoria:Res astronomicae nominibus Kepler agnitae